West Central German: Difference between revisions

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			{{Short description\|Variety of Central German}}
	{{Unreferenced\|date=December 2009}}
	{{Infobox language family		{{Infobox language family
	\|name=West Central German		\| name = West Central German
			\| altname = {{lang\|de\|Westmitteldeutsch}}
⚫	\|familycolor=Indo-European
	\|region = ], ], ], ], ], ]		\| region = ], ], ], ], ], ], ]
		⚫	\| familycolor = Indo-European
⚫	~~\|fam2=]~~
	\|~~fam3~~=]		\| fam2 = ]
	\|~~fam4~~=]		\| fam3 = ]
			\| fam4 = ]
⚫	\|~~fam5~~=]
			\| fam5 = ]
⚫	\|map=Westmitteldeutsches Mundartgebiet.PNG
	\|~~mapcaption~~=~~West~~ Central ~~German–language area~~		\| child1 = ]
		⚫	\| child2 = ]
			\| glotto = high1287
			\| glottorefname = West Middle German
		⚫	\| map = Westmitteldeutsches Mundartgebiet.PNG
			\| mapcaption = West Central German–language area
		⚫	\| fam6 = ]
	}}		}}
⚫	'''West Central German''' belongs to the ], ] dialect family ~~in the~~ ]. ~~Its dialects are thoroughly ] and comprise the parts of the ] continuum located south of the ] isogloss,~~ ~~including~~ the following sub-families:
⚫	* ''']''' (''Mittelfränkisch'')
⚫	** ] (''Ripuarisch''), spoken in ] (including ]) and ]
⚫	** ] (''Moselfränkisch'') in ], ] and ] ~~(''francique mosellan'')~~
⚫	*** ] (''Lëtzebuergesch, luxembourgeois'') in ], Belgium and France ~~(''francique luxembourgeois'')~~

		⚫	'''West Central German''' ({{langx\|de\|Westmitteldeutsch}}) belongs to the ], ] dialect family of ]. It includes the following sub-families:
⚫	* ~~'''~~]~~''' (''Rheinfränkisch'', ''francique rhénan'')~~
		⚫	* ''']''' ({{lang\|de\|Mittelfränkisch}})
⚫	** ] (''Pfälzisch~~'',~~ ''francique palatin''), spoken in ]
		⚫	** ] ({{lang\|de\|Ripuarisch}}), spoken in ] (including {{lang\|de\|]}}) and ] and a small edge of the south of the ].
⚫	*** ] (''Lothringisch~~'',~~ ''francique lorrain'') in the French region of ]
		⚫	** ] ({{lang\|de\|Moselfränkisch}}; {{langx\|fr\|francique luxembourgeois}}) in ], ] and ]
⚫	*** ] (''Bukowinadeutsch'') in ] (extinct)
		⚫	*** ] ({{lang\|de\|Luxemburgisch}}; {{langx\|lb\|Lëtzebuergesch}}; {{lang\|fr\|francique luxembourgeois}} or {{lang\|fr\|luxembourgeois}}) in ], Belgium and France
⚫	*** ] (''Pennsylvaniadeutsch'') in historical communities in North America, especially in ].
			*** ] ({{lang\|de\|Riograndenser Hunsrückisch}}), spoken in Brazil and derived from the {{lang\|de\|Hunsrückisch\|italic=no}} dialect of Moselle Franconian
⚫	** ] (''Hessisch'') in ] and the ] region of Rhineland-Palatinate
			* ''']''' ({{lang\|de\|Rheinfränkisch}}; {{lang\|fr\|francique rhénan}})
⚫	*** ] (''Nordhessisch'')
		⚫	** ] ({{lang\|de\|Pfälzisch}}; {{lang\|fr\|francique palatin}}), spoken in ]
⚫	*** ] (''Mittelhessisch'')
		⚫	*** ] ({{lang\|de\|Lothringisch}}; {{lang\|fr\|francique lorrain}}) in the French region of ]
⚫	*** ] (''Osthessisch'')
		⚫	*** ] ({{lang\|de\|Bukowinadeutsch}}) in ] (extinct) {{citation needed\|date=March 2023}}
		⚫	*** ] ({{lang\|de\|Pennsylvaniadeutsch}}) in historical communities in North America, especially ]
		⚫	** ] ({{lang\|de\|Hessisch}}) in ] and the ] region of Rhineland-Palatinate
		⚫	*** North Hessian ({{lang\|de\|Nordhessisch}})
		⚫	*** Central Hessian ({{lang\|de\|Mittelhessisch}})
		⚫	*** East Hessian ({{lang\|de\|Osthessisch}})
			*** South Hessian ({{lang\|de\|Südhessisch}})

	~~Apart~~ ~~from~~ ~~''West~~ ~~Central~~ ~~German''~~ on ~~the~~ ~~southern~~ ~~edge~~ ~~and~~ in ~~south-east~~ ~~Franconian~~ ~~dialects~~ ~~are~~ ~~turning to ''Upper German''.~~ ~~This~~ ~~transition~~ area between '']'' and '']~~'' is captured~~ by the dialect ~~families of~~ ] and ], ~~colloquially~~ ~~miscalled~~ ''Franconian'' as dialects of this sub-family are spoken all over '']''.		On the southern and southeastern edges, West Central German varieties border on an area often considered a transitional area between ] and ], comprising the dialect groups ] and ] (popularly called ''Franconian'' because dialects of this sub-family are spoken all over ]).

	West Central German was spoken in several settlements throughout America, for example in the ].		West Central German was spoken in several settlements throughout America, for example in the ].

	==See also==		==See also==
	*]		* ]
	*]		* ]
	*]		* ]

			==References==
			{{Reflist}}

		⚫	{{Germanic languages}}
			{{authority control}}

	]		]
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	]		]
	]		]

	]
	]
	]
	]
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	]
	]
	]

Latest revision as of 14:23, 17 December 2024

Variety of Central German

West Central German
Westmitteldeutsch
Geographic distribution	Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland, Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia, German-speaking Community of Belgium, Lorraine, Deitscherei
Linguistic classification	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic Elbe Germanic High German Central German West Central German
Subdivisions	Central Franconian Rhine Franconian
Language codes
Glottolog	`high1287`
West Central German–language area

West Central German (German: Westmitteldeutsch) belongs to the Central, High German dialect family of German. It includes the following sub-families:

Central Franconian (Mittelfränkisch)
- Ripuarian (Ripuarisch), spoken in North Rhine-Westphalia (including Kölsch) and German-speaking Belgium and a small edge of the south of the Dutch province of Limbourg.
- Moselle Franconian (Moselfränkisch; French: francique luxembourgeois) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland and France
  - Luxembourgish (Luxemburgisch; Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuergesch; francique luxembourgeois or luxembourgeois) in Luxembourg, Belgium and France
  - Hunsrik (Riograndenser Hunsrückisch), spoken in Brazil and derived from the Hunsrückisch dialect of Moselle Franconian
Rhine Franconian (Rheinfränkisch; francique rhénan)
- Palatinate Franconian (Pfälzisch; francique palatin), spoken in Rhineland-Palatinate
  - Lorraine Franconian (Lothringisch; francique lorrain) in the French region of Lorraine
  - Bukovina German (Bukowinadeutsch) in Bukovina (extinct)
  - Pennsylvania German (Pennsylvaniadeutsch) in historical communities in North America, especially Pennsylvania
- Hessian (Hessisch) in Hesse and the Rhenish Hesse region of Rhineland-Palatinate
  - North Hessian (Nordhessisch)
  - Central Hessian (Mittelhessisch)
  - East Hessian (Osthessisch)
  - South Hessian (Südhessisch)

On the southern and southeastern edges, West Central German varieties border on an area often considered a transitional area between Central German and Upper German, comprising the dialect groups South Franconian German and East Franconian German (popularly called Franconian because dialects of this sub-family are spoken all over Franconia).

West Central German was spoken in several settlements throughout America, for example in the Amana Colonies.

References

Germanic languages

According to contemporary philology

West

Anglo-Frisian

Anglic

English
- dialects
- Old English
- Middle English
- Modern English
  - Early Modern English
Irish Middle English
- Fingallian
- Kildare
- Yola
Scots
- Early Scots
- Middle Scots

Frisian

Historical forms	Old Frisian Middle Frisian
East Frisian	Ems Saterland Frisian Upgant Frisian Weser Wangerooge Frisian Wursten Frisian Harlingerland Frisian
North Frisian	Insular Eiderstedt Föhr–Amrum Föhr Amrum Heligolandic Sylt Mainland Bökingharde Mooring Halligen Goesharde Northern Central Southern Karrharde Strand Wiedingharde
West Frisian	Hindeloopen Schiermonnikoog Westlauwers–Terschellings Mainland West Frisian Clay Frisian Wood Frisian Westereendersk Terschelling

Low German

Historical forms	Old Saxon Middle Low German
West Low German	Dutch Low Saxon Stellingwarfs Tweants Gronings Drèents Gelders-Overijssels Achterhooks Sallaans Urkers Veluws Northern Low Saxon East Frisian Low Saxon Eastphalian Westphalian
East Low German	Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch Brandenburgisch Central Pomeranian East Pomeranian Low Prussian Plautdietsch / Mennonite Low German

Low Franconian

Historical forms	Frankish Old Dutch Middle Dutch
Standard variants	Dutch Afrikaans (Kaaps)
West Low Franconian	Central Dutch Hollandic West Flemish French Flemish Zeelandic East Flemish Brabantian Kleverlandish Surinamese Dutch Jersey Dutch Mohawk Dutch Stadsfries/Bildts/Amelands/Midslands
East Low Franconian	Limburgish
Cover groups	Bergish Meuse-Rhenish

High German
(German)

Historical forms

Old High German
Middle High German
New High German
- Early New High German

Standard German

Non-standard variants
and creoles

Central German

West Central German	Central Franconian Ripuarian Colognian Southeast Limburgish Moselle Franconian Luxembourgish Transylvanian Saxon Hunsrückisch Hunsrik Rhine Franconian Lorraine Franconian Palatine Volga German Pennsylvania Dutch Hessian Central Hessian Amana German
East Central German	Thuringian Upper Saxon Erzgebirgisch Lusatian Silesian German High Prussian Wymysorys Halcnovian

Upper German

North and East

North

Historical forms	Proto-Norse Old Norse Old West Norse Old East Norse Old Gutnish
West	Norwegian Bergensk Kebabnorsk Sognamål Trøndersk Valdris Vestlandsk Vikværsk Bokmål (written) Nynorsk (written) Old Norwegian Middle Norwegian Faroese Icelandic Old Icelandic Middle Icelandic Greenlandic Norse Norn
East	Swedish Swedish dialects Rinkebysvenska Danish Danish dialects Insular Danish Jutlandic South Jutlandic East Danish Bornholmsk Scanian (historically) Southern Schleswig Danish Gøtudanskt Perkerdansk Old Danish Middle Danish Dalecarlian Elfdalian
Gutnish Mainland Gutnish Fårö Gutnish

East

Gothic
- Crimean Gothic
- Ostrogoth
- Visigoth
- Gepid ?
Burgundian
Vandalic
Herulian ?
Skirian ?

Philology

Language subgroups	North East West Elbe (Irminonic) Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic) North Sea (Ingvaeonic) Northwest Gotho-Nordic South
Reconstructed	Proto-Germanic Proto-Germanic grammar Germanic parent language Ancient Belgian language
Diachronic features	Grimm's law Verner's law Holtzmann's law Sievers's law Kluge's law Germanic substrate hypothesis West Germanic gemination High German consonant shift Germanic a-mutation Germanic umlaut Germanic spirant law Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law Great Vowel Shift
Synchronic features	Germanic verb Germanic strong verb Germanic weak verb Preterite-present verb Grammatischer Wechsel Indo-European ablaut

Italics indicate extinct languages
Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.

Categories:

Latest revision as of 14:23, 17 December 2024

See also

References