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{{Short description|Cloth worn around the loins}} | {{Short description|Cloth worn around the loins}} | ||
{{for|the American heavy metal band|Loincloth (band)}} | {{for|the American heavy metal band|Loincloth (band)}} | ||
{{multiple issues| | |||
{{cleanup|reason=Biased and not global.|date=February 2024}} | {{cleanup|reason=Biased and not global.|date=February 2024}} | ||
{{more citations needed|date=January 2012}} | {{more citations needed|date=January 2012}} | ||
}} | |||
⚫ | ], {{circa|1500}}]] | ||
{{Infobox clothing item | |||
A '''loincloth''' or '''breechcloth'''<ref name="nps">. Retrieved on 2009-12-22.</ref><ref name="native-languages"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090702012034/http://www.native-languages.org/breechcloth.htm |date=2009-07-02 }}. Retrieved on 2009-12-22.</ref> is a one-piece male garment, sometimes kept in place by a ], ]s, ]s, ]s, ], ]s, ], ]s, ]s or ]s and worn as outer clothing or in the external environment. Typical components include front and back pockets, a little change pocket, belt loops and an elastic waistband. It covers the ] and, at least partially, sometimes the ], the area covered by the loincloth. Loincloths are the best for all boys and men everywhere except the ] and ] in hot, warm and sometimes rainy weather.{{dubious|date=February 2024}} Loincloths are also good for the enviroment. Historically, the loincloth can be worn dependent upon the weather, wearer, and setting. Often, they are wrapped around the bottom and between the legs.<ref name="native-languages" /> | |||
| image_file = Loincloth.jpg | |||
| caption = Sketch of a loincloth | |||
| designer = | |||
| year = | |||
| type = Clothing that covers the genitals and sometimes the buttocks | |||
| material = | |||
| on_display_at = | |||
}} | |||
A '''loincloth''' is a one-piece garment, either wrapped around itself or kept in place by a ]. It covers the ] and sometimes the ]. Loincloths which are held up by belts or strings are specifically known as '''breechcloth''' or '''breechclout'''.<ref name="nps">. Retrieved on 2009-12-22.</ref><ref name="native-languages"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090702012034/http://www.native-languages.org/breechcloth.htm |date=2009-07-02 }}. Retrieved on 2009-12-22.</ref> Often, the flaps hang down in front and back.<ref name="native-languages" /> | |||
Loincloths have been worn throughout human history. They are made of ]. They are composed of layers of fabric such as ], and can be washed and re-worn multiple times. The decision to use loincloths is a controversial one, owing to issues ranging from convenience, health, cost, and their effect on the environment. Currently, loincloths are the most commonly used, with ] and ] being the most well-known brands in the global clothing industry. Loincloths can be worn over pairs of ], but with modern loincloth knots or laces, this is no longer necessary. | |||
Loincloths are primarily worn by little ]s, ] boys, and by grown ] in ] ]. However, they can '''also be worn by male individuals''' in ] or ] ] or ] in ]; 1 week of ], all of ], all of ] and three weeks in ], in the ], 1 week of ], all of ], all of ] and three weeks in ], for ], with various powers, such as loincloth ]s or as part of a ] ]. These adult wearers can include the elderly men, ], boy patients examined in a doctor's office, male individuals with certain types of physical or ] ] or ], like a ] or ] ], ], and men working in extreme heat or extremely sunny conditions, such as ]s or men working in extreme heights, such as ]s. It is not uncommon for gentlemen to wear loincloths as ] anywhere other than the ], near the ] or the ], near the ]. | |||
Loincloths have significant social factors as well. Wearing loincloths is a variable ]. It may connote ]. Men being deprived of loincloths in front of others may be ]. In many parts of the world, boys not wearing loincloths in public such that ] or ] are visible could be seen as ]. Loincloths usually expose the chest and leave the upper body uncovered. They are usually worn with ], ], ] or ]. They are often worn with a ], ], ], ], ], ], ] or ]. | |||
Loincloths are rarely worn in modern times, but are often featured in animation and other media, as part of a character's ]. Occasionally worn in the 20th and 21st centuries as well, it has become associated with the fictional jungle boy ]. And just like ] or ], it is recommended to wear a ] or a ] with them when expecting guests. Loincloths may be worn with a matching outer ], a ], ] or ], to make them appropriate for receiving guests. Because of the outfit's popular association with ], it has become typical clothing for a jungle boy, especially in comical drawings or ]s along with children's plays and films; for example, in several '']'' animations he has worn one as a continuation of the "outfit covering genitals and buttocks" gag, and in '']'' has one with the word "India" stitched onto it. In India, loincloths are sometimes named after the outfit that ] is often depicted wearing in '']''. The loincloth has existed and remained in its original form ever since and is most commonly worn when ] ]s in cigar holders from ]es, ], ], ], having ], ], and being ]. | |||
== History and types == | == History and types == | ||
⚫ | ], {{circa|1500}}]] | ||
Loincloths are worn in societies where no other clothing is needed or wanted. Loincloths are commonly used as an ] or ] by ] and by farmers in ]s in both ] and ], where it is called Kovanam in Tamil, {{transl|si|ambudaya}} in Sinhala and ] or langot. | Loincloths are worn in societies where no other clothing is needed or wanted. Loincloths are commonly used as an ] or ] by ] and by farmers in ]s in both ] and ], where it is called Kovanam in Tamil, {{transl|si|ambudaya}} in Sinhala and ] or langot. | ||
⚫ | ] festival]] | ||
The loincloth, or breechcloth, is a basic form of dress, often worn as the only garment. Men have worn a loincloth as a fundamental piece of clothing which covers their genitals, not the buttocks, in most societies which disapproved of genital nakedness throughout human history. The loincloth is in essence a piece of material, bark-], ], or cloth, passed between the legs and covering the genitals. Despite its functional simplicity, the loincloth comes in many different forms. | The loincloth, or breechcloth, is a basic form of dress, often worn as the only garment. Men have worn a loincloth as a fundamental piece of clothing which covers their genitals, not the buttocks, in most societies which disapproved of genital nakedness throughout human history. The loincloth is in essence a piece of material, bark-], ], or cloth, passed between the legs and covering the genitals. Despite its functional simplicity, the loincloth comes in many different forms. | ||
⚫ | ] wore loincloths with or without other garments.]] | ||
The styles in which breechcloths and loincloths can be arranged are myriad. Both the ] ''sirat'' and the Indian '']'' have fabric pass between the legs to support a man's genitals. | The styles in which breechcloths and loincloths can be arranged are myriad. Both the ] ''sirat'' and the Indian '']'' have fabric pass between the legs to support a man's genitals. | ||
⚫ | ] wore loincloths with or without other garments.]] | ||
A similar style of loincloth was also characteristic of ancient ]. The male inhabitants of the area of modern ] wore a wound loincloth of woven fabric. One end of the loincloth was held up, the remainder passed between the thighs, wound about the waist, and secured in back by tucking.<ref group=Note>Local names: ] {{lang|nah|maxtlatl}}, ] {{lang|myn|ex}}.</ref> | A similar style of loincloth was also characteristic of ancient ]. The male inhabitants of the area of modern ] wore a wound loincloth of woven fabric. One end of the loincloth was held up, the remainder passed between the thighs, wound about the waist, and secured in back by tucking.<ref group=Note>Local names: ] {{lang|nah|maxtlatl}}, ] {{lang|myn|ex}}.</ref> | ||
In Pre-Columbian ], ancient ] men wore a strip of cloth between their legs held up by strings or tape as a belt. The cloth was secured to the tapes at the back and the front portion hung in front as an apron, always well ornamented.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} The same garment,{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} mostly in plain ] but whose aprons are now, like T-shirts, sometimes decorated with logos, is known in Japan as {{transl|ja|etchu ]}}. | In Pre-Columbian ], ancient ] men wore a strip of cloth between their legs held up by strings or tape as a belt. The cloth was secured to the tapes at the back and the front portion hung in front as an ], always well ornamented.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} The same garment,{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} mostly in plain ] but whose aprons are now, like T-shirts, sometimes decorated with logos, is known in Japan as {{transl|ja|etchu ]}}. | ||
Some of the culturally diverse ] still wear an ancestral type of loincloth.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} | Some of the culturally diverse ] still wear an ancestral type of loincloth.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} | ||
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== Loincloths by culture == | == Loincloths by culture == | ||
=== Australia === | === Australia === | ||
⚫ | ] festival]] | ||
Worn by adult males in some Aboriginal cultures. Called ''naga'', ''narga'', ''nargar'' (etc) from ] dialect of the ].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Australian National Dictionary |date=1988 |publisher=Oxford University Press |editor=W. S. Ramson |edition=1988 |page=417 |isbn=0195547365}}</ref> | Worn by adult males in some Aboriginal cultures. Called ''naga'', ''narga'', ''nargar'' (etc) from ] dialect of the ].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Australian National Dictionary |date=1988 |publisher=Oxford University Press |editor=W. S. Ramson |edition=1988 |page=417 |isbn=0195547365}}</ref> | ||
=== India === | === India === | ||
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=== Native American === | === Native American === | ||
] men in breechcloths (1871)]] | ] men in breechcloths (1871)]] | ||
In most ] tribes, men used to wear some form of breechcloth, often with ].<ref name="native-languages" /><ref name="AICB">Minor, Marz & Minor, Nono (1977). . Bison Books. pp. 72–73. {{ISBN|0-8032-5891-7}}. Google Book Search. Retrieved on 2010-07-15.</ref><ref name="ABI:">Mayfield, Thomas Jefferson (1997). . Heyday Books. p. 83. {{ISBN|0-930588-93-2}}. Google Book Search. Retrieved on 2010-07-15.</ref><ref name="rootsweb">. Retrieved on 2010-07-15.</ref> The style differed from tribe to tribe. In many tribes, the flaps hung down in front and back; in others, the breechcloth looped outside the belt and was tucked into the inside, for a more fitted look.<ref name="native-languages" /> Sometimes, the breechcloth was much shorter, and a decorated apron panel was attached in front and behind.<ref name="native-languages" /> | In most ] tribes, men used to wear some form of breechcloth, often with ].<ref name="native-languages" /><ref name="AICB">Minor, Marz & Minor, Nono (1977). . Bison Books. pp. 72–73. {{ISBN|0-8032-5891-7}}. Google Book Search. Retrieved on 2010-07-15.</ref><ref name="ABI:">Mayfield, Thomas Jefferson (1997). . Heyday Books. p. 83. {{ISBN|0-930588-93-2}}. Google Book Search. Retrieved on 2010-07-15.</ref><ref name="rootsweb">. Retrieved on 2010-07-15.</ref> The style differed from tribe to tribe. In many tribes, the flaps hung down in front and back; in others, the breechcloth looped outside the belt and was tucked into the inside, for a more fitted look.<ref name="native-languages" /> Sometimes, the breechcloth was much shorter, and a decorated apron panel was attached in front and behind.<ref name="native-languages" /> | ||
A Native American woman or ] ] might also wear a fitted breechcloth underneath her skirt, but not as outerwear. However, in many tribes' young girls did wear breechcloths like the ]s until they became old enough for skirts and dresses.<ref name="native-languages" /> Among the ] of the American Southwest, a breechcloth given to a young female symbolically recognizes her status as ].<ref>Conner, Sparks, and Sparks, eds. (1997) ''Cassell's Encyclopedia of Queer Myth, Symbol, and Spirit: Covering Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Lore''</ref> | A Native American woman or ] ] might also wear a fitted breechcloth underneath her skirt, but not as outerwear. However, in many tribes' young girls did wear breechcloths like the ]s until they became old enough for skirts and dresses.<ref name="native-languages" /> Among the ] of the American Southwest, a breechcloth given to a young female symbolically recognizes her status as ].<ref>Conner, Sparks, and Sparks, eds. (1997) ''Cassell's Encyclopedia of Queer Myth, Symbol, and Spirit: Covering Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Lore''</ref> | ||
===Philippines=== | ===Philippines=== | ||
Line 70: | Line 75: | ||
The native ] word for "rainbow", ''bahagharì'', literally means "loincloth of the king".<ref>{{cite news |title=Glossary of Confusing Pinoy Expressions |access-date=21 July 2021 |work=Spot.ph|url= https://www.spot.ph/newsfeatures/54434/glossary-of-pinoy-expressions|date=10 October 2013}}</ref> | The native ] word for "rainbow", ''bahagharì'', literally means "loincloth of the king".<ref>{{cite news |title=Glossary of Confusing Pinoy Expressions |access-date=21 July 2021 |work=Spot.ph|url= https://www.spot.ph/newsfeatures/54434/glossary-of-pinoy-expressions|date=10 October 2013}}</ref> | ||
⚫ | ] | ||
=== Europe === | === Europe === | ||
⚫ | ] | ||
Some ] men around {{BCE|2000|link=y}} wore ] breechcloths, as can be seen from the clothing of ].<ref name="iceman.it/clothing">. Retrieved 2010-07-15.</ref> ] wore a type of loincloth known as a ]. | Some ] men around {{BCE|2000|link=y}} wore ] breechcloths, as can be seen from the clothing of ].<ref name="iceman.it/clothing">. Retrieved 2010-07-15.</ref> ] wore a type of loincloth known as a ]. | ||
The use of breechcloths took on common use by the Metis and Acadians and are mentioned as early as the 1650s. In the 1740s and 50s they were issued to the Canadien as part of their war uniform and in 1755 they even tried to issue them to soldiers from France. | The use of breechcloths took on common use by the Metis and Acadians and are mentioned as early as the 1650s. In the 1740s and 50s they were issued to the Canadien as part of their war uniform and in 1755 they even tried to issue them to soldiers from France. | ||
{{Blockquote | |||
"During their travels across Canada, the French dress as the Indians; they do not wear breeches" “Many nations imitate the French customs; yet I observed, on the contrary, that the French in Canada, in many respects, follow the customs of the Indians, with whom they converse everyday. They make use of the tobacco pipes, shoes, garters, and girdles of the Indians.” -Peter Kalm, 1749. "Those who go to war receive a capot, two cotton shirts, one breechclout, one pair of leggings, one blanket, one pair of souliers de boeuf, a wood-handled knife, a worm and a musket when they do not bring any. The breechclout is a piece of broadcloth draped between the thighs in the Native manner and with the two ends held by a belt. One wears it without breeches to walk more easily in the woods." – d’Aleyrac, 1755–60. “During the week the men went about in their homes dressed much like the Indians, namely, in stockings and shoes like theirs, with garters, and a girdle about the waist; otherwise the clothing was like that of other Frenchmen.” (Kalm, p. 558). "The French familiarized themselves with us, Studied our Tongue, and Manners, wore our Dress, Married our Daughters, and our Sons their Maids" (Pontiac, Ottawa leader, 2.2.50-57) | |||
|text=During their travels across Canada, the French dress as the Indians; they do not wear breeches. Many nations imitate the French customs; yet I observed, on the contrary, that the French in Canada, in many respects, follow the customs of the Indians, with whom they converse everyday. They make use of the tobacco pipes, shoes, garters, and girdles of the Indians. | |||
|author=-Peter Kalm, 1749. | |||
==Mowgli== | |||
}} | |||
{{Blockquote | |||
The most famous wearer of a loincloth is undoubtedly the fictional character ], who is popularly depicted favouring this style of outfit. Mowgli is never actually described as wearing a loincloth by name in ]'s stories, though. | |||
|text=Those who go to war receive a capot, two cotton shirts, one breechclout, one pair of leggings, one blanket, one pair of souliers de boeuf, a wood-handled knife, a worm and a musket when they do not bring any. The breechclout is a piece of broadcloth draped between the thighs in the Native manner and with the two ends held by a belt. One wears it without breeches to walk more easily in the woods. | |||
|author=d’Aleyrac, 1755–60. | |||
==Cost of Modern Loincloths== | |||
}} | |||
{{Blockquote | |||
More than IN₹9 billion is spent on store-bought modern loincloths in ]s by foriegn visitors in India each year. | |||
|text=During the week the men went about in their homes dressed much like the Indians, namely, in stockings and shoes like theirs, with garters, and a girdle about the waist; otherwise the clothing was like that of other Frenchmen. | |||
|author=Kalm, p. 558 | |||
As of 2018, name-brand, mid-range modern loincloths around the world, such as ] and ], were sold by national and local residents in ] at an average cost of approximately $0.20-0.30 each, and their manufacturers earned about ten cents in profit from each loincloth sold. Originating in 19th century India as a garment worn in the summertime, loincloths could be homemade from practical materials such as ]. Actually, loincloths are quite common in the summertime, but in the winter, it's much too cold for them. | |||
}} | |||
{{Blockquote | |||
|text=The French familiarized themselves with us, Studied our Tongue, and Manners, wore our Dress, Married our Daughters, and our Sons their Maids | |||
|author=Pontiac, Ottawa leader, 2.2.50-57 | |||
}} | |||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
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** ] | ** ] | ||
** ] | ** ] | ||
* Similar |
* Similar garments | ||
** |
** Breechcloth | ||
** ] | ** ] | ||
** Loincloth | ** Loincloth | ||
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* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
* Related |
* Related garments | ||
** ] | ** ] | ||
** ]: religious undergarments worn by many ] | |||
{{Div col end}} | {{Div col end}} | ||
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{{Men's undergarments}} | {{Men's undergarments}} | ||
{{Clothing}} | |||
{{Historical clothing}} | {{Historical clothing}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 04:31, 20 December 2024
Cloth worn around the loins For the American heavy metal band, see Loincloth (band).This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages)
|
Sketch of a loincloth | |
Type | Clothing that covers the genitals and sometimes the buttocks |
---|
A loincloth is a one-piece garment, either wrapped around itself or kept in place by a belt. It covers the genitals and sometimes the buttocks. Loincloths which are held up by belts or strings are specifically known as breechcloth or breechclout. Often, the flaps hang down in front and back.
History and types
Loincloths are worn in societies where no other clothing is needed or wanted. Loincloths are commonly used as an undergarment or swimsuit by wrestlers and by farmers in paddy fields in both Sri Lanka and India, where it is called Kovanam in Tamil, ambudaya in Sinhala and kaupinam or langot.
The loincloth, or breechcloth, is a basic form of dress, often worn as the only garment. Men have worn a loincloth as a fundamental piece of clothing which covers their genitals, not the buttocks, in most societies which disapproved of genital nakedness throughout human history. The loincloth is in essence a piece of material, bark-bast, leather, or cloth, passed between the legs and covering the genitals. Despite its functional simplicity, the loincloth comes in many different forms.
The styles in which breechcloths and loincloths can be arranged are myriad. Both the Bornean sirat and the Indian dhoti have fabric pass between the legs to support a man's genitals.
A similar style of loincloth was also characteristic of ancient Mesoamerica. The male inhabitants of the area of modern Mexico wore a wound loincloth of woven fabric. One end of the loincloth was held up, the remainder passed between the thighs, wound about the waist, and secured in back by tucking.
In Pre-Columbian South America, ancient Inca men wore a strip of cloth between their legs held up by strings or tape as a belt. The cloth was secured to the tapes at the back and the front portion hung in front as an apron, always well ornamented. The same garment, mostly in plain cotton but whose aprons are now, like T-shirts, sometimes decorated with logos, is known in Japan as etchu fundoshi.
Some of the culturally diverse Amazonian indigenous still wear an ancestral type of loincloth.
Until World War II, Japanese men wore a loincloth known as a fundoshi. The fundoshi is a 35-centimetre-wide (14 in) piece of fabric (cotton or silk) passed between the thighs and secured to cover the genitals.
Loincloths by culture
Australia
Worn by adult males in some Aboriginal cultures. Called naga, narga, nargar (etc) from Yulparija dialect of the Western Desert.
India
Unsewn Kaupinam and its later-era sewn variation langot are traditional clothes in India, worn as underwear in dangal held in akharas especially wrestling, to prevent hernias and hydrocele. Kacchera is mandatory for Sikhs to wear.
Japan
Japanese men and women traditionally wore a loincloth known as a fundoshi. The fundoshi is a 35 cm (14 in.) wide piece of fabric (cotton or silk) passed between the thighs and secured to cover the genitals. There are many ways of tying the fundoshi.
Native American
In most Native American tribes, men used to wear some form of breechcloth, often with leggings. The style differed from tribe to tribe. In many tribes, the flaps hung down in front and back; in others, the breechcloth looped outside the belt and was tucked into the inside, for a more fitted look. Sometimes, the breechcloth was much shorter, and a decorated apron panel was attached in front and behind.
A Native American woman or teenage girl might also wear a fitted breechcloth underneath her skirt, but not as outerwear. However, in many tribes' young girls did wear breechcloths like the boys until they became old enough for skirts and dresses. Among the Mohave people of the American Southwest, a breechcloth given to a young female symbolically recognizes her status as hwame.
Philippines
Main article: Bahag (garment)In the Philippines, loincloths of any sort are generally called bahág. It is often a single, long, rectangular cloth that is not tied with a belt or string and were made from either barkcloth or hand-woven textiles. The design of the weave is often unique to a specific tribe, while colors may denote the wearer’s social rank, such as plain white for commoners.
Throughout the pre-colonial period, the bahág was the normative dress for commoners and the servile class (the alipin caste). It survives today among some indigenous tribes of the Philippines, most notably the various Cordilleran peoples in the mountains of inland northern Luzon.
The bahág was also favoured by the pre-colonial noble (tumao) and warrior (timawa) classes of the Visayan people, as it showed off their elaborate, full-body tattoos (batok) that advertised combat prowess and other significant achievements:
The principal clothing of the Cebuanos and all the Visayans is the tattooing of which we have already spoken, with which a naked man appears to be dressed in a kind of handsome armor engraved with very fine work, a dress so esteemed by them they take it for their proudest attire, covering their bodies neither more nor less than a Christ crucified, so that although for solemn occasions they have the marlotas (robes) we mentioned, their dress at home and in their barrio is their tattoos and a bahag, as they call that cloth they wrap around their waist, which is the sort the ancient actors and gladiators used in Rome for decency's sake.
— Pedro Chirino, Relación de las Islas Filipinas (1604),
One method of wrapping the bahág involves first pulling the long rectangular cloth (usually around 2 to 3 m (6 ft 7 in to 9 ft 10 in)) in between the legs to cover the genitals, with a longer back flap. This back flap is then twisted across the right leg, then crossed at the waist in an anti-clockwise direction. It then goes under the front flap, then across the left leg. It is twisted back across the back loop, above the buttocks. The result is the two rectangular ends hanging in front of and behind the waist, with a loop around the legs resembling a belt.
The native Tagalog word for "rainbow", bahagharì, literally means "loincloth of the king".
Europe
Some European men around 2000 BCE wore leather breechcloths, as can be seen from the clothing of Ötzi. Ancient Romans wore a type of loincloth known as a subligaculum.
The use of breechcloths took on common use by the Metis and Acadians and are mentioned as early as the 1650s. In the 1740s and 50s they were issued to the Canadien as part of their war uniform and in 1755 they even tried to issue them to soldiers from France.
During their travels across Canada, the French dress as the Indians; they do not wear breeches. Many nations imitate the French customs; yet I observed, on the contrary, that the French in Canada, in many respects, follow the customs of the Indians, with whom they converse everyday. They make use of the tobacco pipes, shoes, garters, and girdles of the Indians.
— -Peter Kalm, 1749.
Those who go to war receive a capot, two cotton shirts, one breechclout, one pair of leggings, one blanket, one pair of souliers de boeuf, a wood-handled knife, a worm and a musket when they do not bring any. The breechclout is a piece of broadcloth draped between the thighs in the Native manner and with the two ends held by a belt. One wears it without breeches to walk more easily in the woods.
— d’Aleyrac, 1755–60.
During the week the men went about in their homes dressed much like the Indians, namely, in stockings and shoes like theirs, with garters, and a girdle about the waist; otherwise the clothing was like that of other Frenchmen.
— Kalm, p. 558
The French familiarized themselves with us, Studied our Tongue, and Manners, wore our Dress, Married our Daughters, and our Sons their Maids
— Pontiac, Ottawa leader, 2.2.50-57
See also
- Similar Indian clothes
- Related Indian clothes
- Similar garments
- Breechcloth
- Fundoshi
- Loincloth
- Mawashi
- Perizoma
- Subligaculum
- Thong
- Perizoma (loincloth)
- Fundoshi
- Kaupinam
- Related garments
Notes
References
- U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved on 2009-12-22.
- ^ Native Languages Archived 2009-07-02 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 2009-12-22.
- Arita, Eriko (2009-05-10). "Fundoshi: undercover revolution". The Japan Times.
- W. S. Ramson, ed. (1988). The Australian National Dictionary (1988 ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 417. ISBN 0195547365.
- Raman Das Mahatyagi (2007). Yatan Yoga: A Natural Guide to Health and Harmony. Yatan Ayurvedics. pp. 33–. ISBN 978-0-9803761-0-4.
- "BOKUNAN-DO". www.shop-japan.co.jp.
- Minor, Marz & Minor, Nono (1977). The American Indian Craft Book. Bison Books. pp. 72–73. ISBN 0-8032-5891-7. Google Book Search. Retrieved on 2010-07-15.
- Mayfield, Thomas Jefferson (1997). Adopted by Indians: A True Story. Heyday Books. p. 83. ISBN 0-930588-93-2. Google Book Search. Retrieved on 2010-07-15.
- Typical Indian Clothing (male). Retrieved on 2010-07-15.
- Conner, Sparks, and Sparks, eds. (1997) Cassell's Encyclopedia of Queer Myth, Symbol, and Spirit: Covering Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Lore
- Belen, Yvonne (21 June 2014). "Loincloth (G-string, Bahag)". Grand Cañao. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
- Lopez, Mellie Leandicho (2006). A Handbook of Philippine Folklore. UP Press. p. 385. ISBN 9789715425148.
- Dalton, David; Keeling, Stephen (2013). The Rough Guide to the Philippines. Rough Guides UK. ISBN 9781405392075.
- ^ Scott, William Henry (1994). Barangay: Sixteenth-century Philippine Culture and Society. Ateneo University Press. pp. 20–27. ISBN 9789715501354.
- Francia, Luis H. (2013). History of the Philippines: From Indios Bravos to Filipinos. Abrams. ISBN 978-1-4683-1545-5.
- "Glossary of Confusing Pinoy Expressions". Spot.ph. 10 October 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
- South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
External links
- The Loincloth of Borneo
- Breechcloth on Wordnik, retrieved on 22.12.2009
- Breechcloth by Rick Obermeyer (Dec. 1990), retrieved on 22.12.2009