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Revision as of 19:31, 22 October 2012
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| Joseph L. Goldstein | |
|---|---|
 Joseph L. Goldstein | |
| Born | (1940-04-18) April 18, 1940 (age 84) Kingstree, South Carolina |
| Known for | cholesterol |
| Awards | Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1985) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | biochemistry |
Joseph L. Goldstein (born April 18, 1940) from Kingstree, South Carolina is a Nobel Prize winning biochemist and geneticist, and a pioneer in the study of cholesterol metabolism.
Biography
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Dr. Goldstein received a BS in chemistry from Washington and Lee University in 1962 and his M.D. from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in 1966. In 1985 he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (together with Michael S. Brown) for his research on the metabolism of low density lipoprotein (LDL), and has won numerous other awards for his contributions related to genetic diseases.
Returning to the University of Texas Health Science Center in Dallas in 1972 (now called UT Southwestern Medical Center) Goldstein and his close colleague Brown researched cholesterol metabolism and discovered that human cells have low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors that extract cholesterol from the bloodstream. The lack of sufficient LDL receptors is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia, which predisposes heavily for cholesterol-related diseases. In addition to explaining the underlying pathology of the widely-observed link between high levels of circulating cholesterol as LDL and coronary artery disease, their work uncovered a previously-unappreciated fundamental aspect of cell biology - Receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Goldstein and Brown's findings led to better understanding the mechanism of action of statin drugs, the cholesterol-lowering compounds that today are used by 16 million Americans and are the most widely prescribed medications in the United States. New federal cholesterol guidelines are expected to triple the number of Americans taking statin drugs to lower their cholesterol, reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke for countless people. Subsequently the team led by Drs. Brown and Goldstein elucidated the role of lipid modification of proteins (protein prenylation) in cancer.
In 1993, their postdoctoral trainees Wang Xiaodong and Michael Briggs purified the Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Proteins (SREBPs), a family of membrane-bound transcription factors. Since 1993, Drs. Goldstein, Brown, and their colleagues have described the unexpectedly complex machinery that proteolytically releases the SREBPs from membranes, thus allowing their migration to the nucleus where they activate all the genes involved in the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids. The machinery for generating active SREBPs is tightly regulated by a negative feedback mechanism, which explains how cells maintain the necessary levels of fats and cholesterol in the face of varying environmental circumstances.
Goldstein is a Regental Professor of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, holds the Julie and Louis A. Beecherl Distinguished Chair in Biomedical Science, and the Paul J. Thomas Chair in Medicine. Frequently mentioned as a candidate for nationally-prominent positions in scientific administration, Goldstein, like his colleague Michael S. Brown, elects to continue hands-on involvement with research. Together, they lead a research team that typically includes a dozen doctoral and postdoctoral trainees. He and his colleague are among the most highly cited scientists in the world.
Goldstein currently serves as Chairman of the Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards Jury and is a member of the Boards of Trustees of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Rockefeller University. He is also a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and a Foreign Member of The Royal Society. He has received honorary degrees from 10 universities, including the University of Chicago (1982), L'Université de Paris-Sud (1988), Rockefeller University (2001), and Duke University (2009).
Awards (shared with Michael S. Brown)
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- 1976 - Pfizer Award for Enzyme Chemistry, American Chemical Society
- 1978 - Passano Award, Johns Hopkins University
- 1979 - Lounsbery Award, U.S. National Academy of Sciences
- 1981 - Gairdner Foundation International Award
- 1984 - Research Achievement Award, American Heart Association
- 1984 - Louisa Gross Horwitz Award, Columbia University
- 1985 - William Allan Award, American Society of Human Genetics
- 1985 - Albert D. Lasker Award in Basic Medical Research
- 1985 - Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 1986 - Trustees' Medal, Massachusetts General Hospital
- 1988 - U.S. National Medal of Science
- 2000 - Warren Alpert Foundation Prize, Harvard Medical School
- 2002 - Kober Medal, Association of American Physicians
- 2003 - Albany Medical Center Prize in Medicine and Biomedical Research
- 2005 - Herbert Tabor Award, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- 2005 - Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service
- 2007 - Builders of Science Award, Research!America
- 2011 - Stadtman Distinguished Scientist Award, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Historical Papers
- Brown MS, Goldstein JL (1986). "A receptor-mediated pathway for cholesterol homeostasis". Science. 232 (4746): 34–47. doi:10.1126/science.3513311. PMID 3513311.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - Brown MS, Goldstein JL (2004). "A tribute to Akira Endo, discoverer of a "penicillin" for cholesterol". Arterioscler. Supplements. 5 (3): 13–16. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2004.08.007.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - Brown MS, Goldstein JL (2009). "Cholesterol feedback: from Schoenheimer's bottle to Scap's MELADL". J. Lipid Res. 50 (Supplement): S15 – S27. doi:10.1194/jlr.R800054-JLR200. PMC 2674699. PMID 18974038.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - Goldstein JL, Brown MS (2009). "History of Discovery: The LDL Receptor". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 29 (4): 431–438. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.179564. PMC 2740366. PMID 19299327.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - Brown MS, Goldstein JL (2011). "Richard G.W. Anderson (1940-2011) and the birth of receptor-mediated endocytosis". J. Cell Biol. 193 (4): 601–603. doi:10.1083/jcb.201104136. PMID 21576388.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - Brown MS, Goldstein JL (2012). "Reflections - Scientific side trips: six excursions from the beaten path". J. Biol. Chem. 287 (27): 22418–22435. doi:10.1074/jbc.X112.381681. PMID 22584575.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Essays on "The Art of Science"
In his role as Chairman of the Jury for the Lasker Medical Research Awards, Goldstein has written an essay each year (beginning in 2001) that connects creativity in science with creativity in the arts. This collection of writings, published in Nature Medicine and on the Lasker Foundation web site (www.laskerfoundation.org), deals with questions such as “How does a series of scientific experiments come to be regarded as ‘elegant’ or a body research deemed ‘beautiful’?”
In one of the most popular of these essays, entitled “Towering Science: An Ounce of Creativity is Worth a Ton of Impact,” Goldstein likens scientific discovery to the tower of 17 stones erected by the sculptor Andy Goldsworthy. The colossal 1.5-ton stone at the base of the sculpture represents the vast levels of scientific discovery reported in the lay press, i.e., the type of flashy advance that is announced with fanfare (such as a new cure for cancer) but fails to live up to its original promise. Important and enduring research is symbolized by the tiny stone capping the sculpture, weighing a scant 2 ounces; at first, this type of discovery barely makes a ripple, but eventually it leads to the construction of new scientific edifices. “The tower of Goldsworthy,” Goldstein writes, “reveals how we decide which scientific discoveries are true milestones and prizeworthy of being etched in Lasker stone.” (www.nature.com/nm/journal/v10/n10/pdf/nm1004-1015.pdf)
See also
- List of Jewish Nobel laureates
- Stormie Jones
- Foster DW, Wilson JD (2002). "Presentation of the Kober Medal to Joseph L. Goldstein and Michael S. Brown". J. Clin. Invest. 110 (12): S5 – S9. doi:10.1172/JCI120039. PMID 12506882.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - Goldstein JL (2002). "Acceptance of Kober Medal". J. Clin. Invest. 110 (12): S11 – S13. doi:10.1172/JCI120038. PMID 12506883.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)
References
- ^ Nobel Biography
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External links
- Brown/Goldstein Lab Page
- The Official Site of Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize
- The Official Site of The Lasker Foundation
- Misplaced Pages list cleanup from October 2012
- 1940 births
- Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
- Living people
- Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
- American Nobel laureates
- National Medal of Science laureates
- Washington and Lee University alumni
- American biochemists
- American geneticists
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center alumni
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center faculty
- People from Williamsburg County, South Carolina
- Jewish American scientists
- Foreign Members of the Royal Society