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FedEx Express flight 705
Hijacking
N306FE, the aircraft involved in the hijacking attempt, arriving in Toluca, Mexico, in 2012.
Date	April 7, 1994 (1994-04-07)
Summary	Attempted suicide hijacking for insurance fraud
Site	Memphis, Tennessee, United States
Aircraft
Aircraft type	McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30F
Operator	Federal Express
Registration	N306FEdisaster
Flight origin	Memphis International Airport Memphis, Tennessee
Destination	San Jose International Airport San Jose, California
Passengers	1 (hijacker)
Crew	3
Fatalities	0
Injuries	4
Survivors	4 (all)

On April 7, 1994, Federal Express flight 705, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 cargo jet carrying electronics across the United States from Memphis, Tennessee to San Jose, California, experienced an attempted hijacking for the purpose of a suicide attack.

Auburn Calloway, a Federal Express employee facing possible dismissal for lying about his previous flying experience, boarded the scheduled flight as a deadheading passenger with a guitar case carrying several hammers and a speargun. He intended to disable the aircraft's cockpit voice recorder before take-off and, once airborne, kill the crew using the blunt force of the hammers so their injuries would appear consistent with an accident rather than a hijacking. The speargun would be a last resort. He would then crash the aircraft while just appearing to be an employee killed in an accident. This would make his family eligible for a $2.5 million life insurance policy paid by Federal Express.

Calloway's plan was unsuccessful. Despite severe injuries, the crew was able to fight back, subdue Calloway and land the aircraft safely. An attempt at a mental health defense was unsuccessful and Calloway was subsequently convicted of multiple charges including attempted murder, attempted air piracy and interference with flight crew operations. He received two consecutive life sentences. Calloway's appeal was successful in having his conviction for interference ruled as a lesser included offense of attempted air piracy. The crew members were left with permanent, disabling injuries and have not flown professionally since.

As of 2014, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 aircraft involved, N306FE, remains in service as an upgraded MD-10 though it is expected to be phased out by 2018.

Flight details

Initially, Calloway was the flight engineer on this flight, but he and his crew exceeded the maximum flying hours by one minute the previous day, so the new three-man flight crew consisted of 49-year-old Captain David Sanders, 42-year-old First Officer James Tucker, and 39-year-old flight engineer Andrew Peterson. At the time of the incident, First Officer James Tucker held the position of Captain at Federal Express on the DC-10 and was also a check airman on the type. Aboard flight 705, Tucker assumed the role of first officer. FedEx flight 705 was scheduled to fly to San Jose, California with electronic equipment destined for Silicon Valley.

Hijacker

The then 42-year-old Federal Express flight engineer Auburn Calloway, an alumnus of Stanford University and a former Navy pilot and martial arts expert, faced termination of employment over irregularities in the reporting of flight hours. In order to disguise the hijacking as an accident so his family would benefit from his $2.5 million life insurance policy, Calloway intended to murder the flight crew using blunt force. To accomplish this, he brought aboard two claw hammers, two sledge hammers and a speargun concealed inside a guitar case. It is unclear how Calloway planned to crash the plane. Just before the flight, Calloway had transferred over $54,000 in securities and cashiers checks to his ex-wife. He also carried a note aboard, written to her and "describing the author's apparent despair".

Hijacking

As part of his plan to disguise the intended attack as an accident, Calloway attempted to disable the cockpit voice recorder (CVR) by tripping its circuit breaker. During standard pre-flight checks, Peterson noticed the tripped breaker and reset it before take-off so the CVR was reactivated. However, if Calloway successfully killed the crew members with the CVR still on, he would simply have to fly for 30 minutes to erase any trace of a struggle from the CVR's 30 minute loop. About twenty minutes after takeoff, as the flight crew carried on a casual conversation, Calloway entered the flight deck and commenced his attack. Every member of the crew took multiple hammer blows which fractured both Peterson's and Tucker's skulls, severing Peterson's temporal artery. Sanders reported that during the beginning of the attack, he could not discern any emotion from Calloway, just "simply a face in his eyes". A lengthy struggle ensued with the flight engineer and captain as Tucker, also an ex-Navy pilot, performed extreme aerial maneuvers with the aircraft, at times flying upside down, with the intent to keep the hijacker off-balance.

The flight crew eventually succeeded in restraining Calloway, though only after moments of inverted and near-transonic flight beyond the designed capabilities of a DC-10. Sanders took control and Tucker, who had by then lost use of the right side of his body, went back to assist Peterson in restraining Calloway. Sanders communicated with air traffic control, prepared for an emergency landing back at Memphis International Airport. Meanwhile, after screaming that he could not breathe, Calloway started fighting with the crew again.

Heavily loaded with fuel and cargo, the plane was approaching too fast and too high to land on the scheduled runway 9. Sanders requested by radio to land on the longer runway 36. Ignoring warning messages from the onboard computer and using a series of sharp turns that tested the DC-10's safety limits, Sanders landed the jet safely on the runway at well over its maximum designed landing weight. By that time, Calloway was once again restrained. Emergency personnel gained access to the plane via escape slide and ladder. Inside, they found the cockpit interior covered in blood.

Aftermath

The crew of flight 705 sustained serious injuries. Tucker's skull was severely fractured, causing motor control problems in his right arm and right leg. Calloway had also dislocated Tucker's jaw, attempted to gouge out one of his eyes and stabbed his right arm. Sanders suffered several deep gashes in his head and doctors had to sew his right ear back in place. Flight engineer Peterson's skull was fractured and his temporal artery severed. The aircraft itself incurred damages in the amount of $800,000 ($1,644,544 when adjusted for inflation).

Calloway pleaded temporary insanity but was sentenced to two consecutive life sentences on August 15, 1995, for attempted murder and attempted air piracy. Calloway, Federal Bureau of Prisons Inmate #14601-076, is imprisoned in the United States Penitentiary, Atwater, near Atwater, California.

On May 26, 1994, the Air Line Pilots Association awarded Dave Sanders, James Tucker and Andrew Peterson the Gold Medal Award for heroism, the highest award a civilian pilot can receive. Due to the extent and severity of their injuries, none of the crew has, so far, been recertified as medically fit to fly commercially. The attempted hijacking was later featured on Discovery Channel Canada's television show Mayday (otherwise known as Air Crash Investigation or Air Emergency). The episode (season 3, episode 4) was titled "Fight for Your Life" (Also known as "Suicide Attack").

Although medically unfit to return to commercial aviation, James Tucker returned to recreational flying in his Luscombe 8A.

References

"FAA Registry (N306FE)". Federal Aviation Administration.
^ National Geographic, Mayday (Air Crash Investigation or Air Emergency). Episode (Season 3, Episode 4), "Fight for Your Life (Suicide Attack)"
^ "U.S. v. Calloway". Leagle. Retrieved 2013-12-16.
http://www.planespotters.net/Airline/Federal-Express-(FedEx)?show=whole#AirlineFleetList
^ Cockpit Voice Recorder Database, 7 April 1994 - Fedex 705, tailstrike.com. Accessed 2012-4-7.
"Auburn Calloway." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved May 29, 2010.
"" AVWeb. Retrieved Aug 10, 2014.

External links

v t e Aviation accidents and incidents in 1994 (1994)
Jan 3 Baikal Airlines Flight 130Jan 7 United Express Flight 6291Feb 24 Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 9045Feb 28 Banja Luka incidentMar 8 Indira Gandhi Airport collisionMar 17 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdownMar 19 British Army Lynx shootdownMar 23 Aeroflot Flight 593Mar 23 Green Ramp disasterApr 4 KLM Cityhopper Flight 433Apr 6 Assassination of Habyarimana and NtaryamiraApr 7 Federal Express Flight 705Apr 14 Black Hawk shootdownApr 24 South Pacific Airmotive DC-3 crashApr 26 China Airlines Flight 140Jun 2 Mull of Kintyre Chinook crashJun 6 China Northwest Airlines Flight 2303Jun 24 Fairchild Air Force Base B-52 crashJun 30 Airbus Industrie Flight 129Jul 1 Air Mauritanie Flight 625Jul 2 USAir Flight 1016Jul 19 Alas Chiricanas Flight 00901Aug 10 Korean Air Flight 2033Aug 21 Royal Air Maroc Flight 630Sep 8 USAir Flight 427Sep 18 1994 Oriental Airlines crashSep 26 Vanavara air disasterOct 12 Iran Aseman Airlines Flight 746Oct 31 American Eagle Flight 4184Nov 3 SAS Flight 347Nov 22 TWA Flight 427Dec 11 Philippine Airlines Flight 434Dec 13 Flagship Airlines Flight 3379Dec 19 Nigeria Airways Flight 9805Dec 21 Air Algérie Flight 702PDec 24 Air France Flight 8969Dec 29 Turkish Airlines Flight 278
1993 ◄ ► 1995

Aviation accidents and incidents in 1994 (1994)

Jan 3 Baikal Airlines Flight 130Jan 7 United Express Flight 6291Feb 24 Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 9045Feb 28 Banja Luka incidentMar 8 Indira Gandhi Airport collisionMar 17 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdownMar 19 British Army Lynx shootdownMar 23 Aeroflot Flight 593Mar 23 Green Ramp disasterApr 4 KLM Cityhopper Flight 433Apr 6 Assassination of Habyarimana and NtaryamiraApr 7 Federal Express Flight 705Apr 14 Black Hawk shootdownApr 24 South Pacific Airmotive DC-3 crashApr 26 China Airlines Flight 140Jun 2 Mull of Kintyre Chinook crashJun 6 China Northwest Airlines Flight 2303Jun 24 Fairchild Air Force Base B-52 crashJun 30 Airbus Industrie Flight 129Jul 1 Air Mauritanie Flight 625Jul 2 USAir Flight 1016Jul 19 Alas Chiricanas Flight 00901Aug 10 Korean Air Flight 2033Aug 21 Royal Air Maroc Flight 630Sep 8 USAir Flight 427Sep 18 1994 Oriental Airlines crashSep 26 Vanavara air disasterOct 12 Iran Aseman Airlines Flight 746Oct 31 American Eagle Flight 4184Nov 3 SAS Flight 347Nov 22 TWA Flight 427Dec 11 Philippine Airlines Flight 434Dec 13 Flagship Airlines Flight 3379Dec 19 Nigeria Airways Flight 9805Dec 21 Air Algérie Flight 702PDec 24 Air France Flight 8969Dec 29 Turkish Airlines Flight 278

1993 ◄ ► 1995

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