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{{short description|People group}}
'''Mashwani''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|مشوانی}}}}) (also  Mishwani, Meshwani, or  Moshwani) is Arab origin tribe mainly settled in different parts of ], in addition to some other neighboring regions. They are ]s by adoption and Arabs by descent. They use Mashwani, Banuri, Ludin, Kazmi (due to Ali al Kadhim bin Ismail Araj), Roghani, Jafari as their surnames. Mashwanis played a vital role in fighting against Sikh Khalsa army and are known as heroes of their time. '''Mashwani''' ({{langx|ps|مشواڼي|Maṣwāṇī}}) (also Mishwani, Meshwani, Moshwani, Mushwani, {{IPA-ps|maʃwɑːɳiː}}) is Arab origin tribe mainly settled in different parts of ] and ], in addition to some other neighboring regions. They are ]s by adoption and Arabs by descent. They use Mashwani, Banuri, Ludin, Kazmi (due to Ali al Kadhim bin Ismail Araj), Roghani, Jafari as their surnames. Mashwanis played a vital role in fighting against Sikh Khalsa army.


== Demographics == == Demographics ==
Mashwanis are mainly settled in some parts of ], ], ] and ].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Mashwanis are mainly settled in some parts of ], ], ].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />


* In Afghanistan they live in ] and ] provinces. * In Afghanistan they live in ] and ] provinces.
* In Pakistan they are settled in different cities of all provinces. The majority of them live in ], ], ], ], Dir, Kohat, Gadwalian, ] of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province; Panjpai, Panjgur, ] and ] cities of Baluchistan province; Shakargarh, Faisalabad and Sarghodahh cities of Punjab; and in the ] city of Sindh province. * In Pakistan they are settled in different cities of all provinces. The majority of them live in ], ], ], ], Dir, Kohat, Gadwalian, ] of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province; Panjpai, Panjgur, ], ] and ] cities of Baluchistan province; Shakargarh, Faisalabad and Sarghodahh cities of Punjab; and in the ], ], city of district ] city of Sindh province.
* In Iran Mashwanis live in ] city of ]. * In Iran Mashwanis live in ] city of ].
* In India they live in ] and ].


== Culture == == Culture ==
Mashwanis are very friendly and are famous for their hospitality. The majority of Mashwanis are ] speakers, hence follow ] and adhere to the ] codes. They wear ] shalwar kameez. Women cover their head with a shawl while males usually wear kufi, Peshawari cap, turban, Sindhi cap, or pakul as traditional headgear and ] as footwear. They are Muslims and follow Islam as their religion. Mashwanis are very friendly and are famous for their hospitality. The majority of Mashwanis are ] speakers, hence follow ]. They wear ] shalwar kameez. Women cover their head with a shawl while males usually wear kufi, Peshawari cap, turban, Sindhi cap, or pakol as traditional headgear and ] as footwear. They are Muslims and follow Islam as their religion.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />


== Progenitor of the Mashwani Tribe == == Progenitor of the Mashwani Tribe ==
Syed Muhammad Kalan also known as Gesudaraz I (because of his long hair) was born in village Kollan of Dalgan, Sistan and Baluchistan province of Iran. He was the Prince of Persia or "Governor of Persia". He  sided  from  Iran  to Sulayman  Mountain and settled among the Afghans, and fixed his residence between the ], ]  and ] . These three tribes enjoyed his blessed presence, and, learning from him the fundamental truths of Islam. The commanders of  these Pashtuns tribes (], ]  and ]) had  presented  their  daughters  to him  in  respect  of  his  family  and  mysticism. He  married  women from  each tribe  and had sons, Sherani woman had the son known as, "Storyani". Karlani woman had two Sons known as, Wardak and Hanni, Wardak and Hanni were the Sons of Syed Gesudaraz from His Wife Karlani Woman,who were known as progenitors of  these tribes. The  Arab  tribes  descended  from  Gesudaraz I sons  are  using  his  sons  titles  as  there  "surnames". Mashwani was son of Gesudaraz I from his ] wife Sher Bano. Syed Muhammad Kalan (Gesu daraz I) was performing Fajr prayer when his maid came and gave him news about the birth of his son, Syed titled him "Mashwani" which means light of education or "Feather and Inkpot". Mashwani had nine sons, Tukuz, Lodin, Matakati, Suleiman, Roghani, Kazbuli, Ghareb, Khar bari, and Diaz.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Harwi ہروی|first=Nimatullah خواجہ نعمت اللہ|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ognjAAAAMAAJ|title=Tarikh-i-khan jahani makhzan-i-Afghani: A complete history of the Afghans in Indo-Pak sub-continent, Volume 2, تاریخ خان جھانی مخزن افغانی|year=1613|pages=648–649}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book|last1=Dorn|first1=Bernhard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7xVfAAAAcAAJ|title=History of the Afghans, , (English translation of Tarikh-i-khan jahani makhzan-i-Afghani), Volume 2|date=1829|publisher=London|pages=56–57}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Henry|first1=Walter Bellew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cVJUAAAAcAAJ|title=Journal of a Political Mission to Afghanistan in 1857, Under Major Lumsden: With an Account of the Country and People|date=1862|publisher=Elder Smith, 1862|location=National Library of the Netherlands|pages=Part 1, Chapter 2 “Afghanistan and its People”, page 64}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Balfour|first=Edward|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kyE_AQAAMAAJ|title=The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia: Commercial, Industrial and Scientific, Products of the Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal Kingdoms, Useful Arts and Manufactures, Volume 2|date=1885|publisher=B. Quartitch, 1885|location=India|pages=215}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Gandapur|first=Sher Muhammad Khan|title=تواریخ خورشید جھاں|publisher=Islamiya Kutab|year=1894|location=Lahore|pages=275–309}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=(Pakistan)|first=Baluchistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=48gJAQAAIAAJ|title=Balochistan Through the Ages: Tribes|date=1979|publisher=Nisa Traders : sole distributors Gosha-e-Adab|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Khān|first=Muḥammad Ḥayāt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hopEAQAAMAAJ|title=Afghanistan and Its Inhabitants|date=1981|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bellew|first=Henry Walter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ogWTEzdWXVYC|title=Journal of a Political Mission to Afghanistan, in 1857, Under Major (now Colonel) Lumsden: With an Account of the Country and People|date=1978|publisher=Orient Research Centre|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=(Pakistan)|first=Baluchistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jr21AAAAIAAJ|title=Baluchistan District Gazetteer Series: Quetta-Pishin|date=1907|publisher=printed at Bombay Education Society's Press|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Khalil|first=Malik Muhammad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KyvhBgAAQBAJ|title=Tribe Khalil & The Brighten Persons Of Khalil: Tribe Khalil, famous people of tribe khalil|publisher=AttaUrRehman}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=Juma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3QVWswEACAAJ|title=Hayat-e-Mashwani|date=2015|publisher=Yūnīvarsiṭī Buk Ejansī}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Syed Yousaf|first=Shah|title=Halat-e-Mashwani حالات مشوانی|publisher=Lahore: Muhammad Press|year=1930}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Shah|first=Umar Khitab|title=Khitab-e-Mashwani|publisher=Karachi|year=2014|location=Karachi}}</ref> Syed Muhammad Kalan also known as Gesudaraz I (because of his long hair) was born in village Kollan of Dalgan, Sistan and Baluchistan province of Iran. He was the Prince of Persia or "Governor of Persia". He  sided  from  Iran  to Sulayman  Mountain and settled among the Afghans, and fixed his residence between the ], ]  and ] . These three tribes enjoyed his blessed presence, and, learning from him the fundamental truths of Islam. The commanders of  these Pashtuns tribes (], ]  and ]) had  presented  their  daughters  to him  in  respect  of  his  family  and  mysticism. He  married  women from  each tribe  and had sons, Sherani woman had the son known as, "Storyani". Karlani woman had two Sons known as, Wardak and Hanni, Wardak and Hanni were the Sons of Syed Gesudaraz from His Wife Karlani Woman, who were known as progenitors of  these tribes. The  Arab  tribes  descended  from  Gesudaraz I sons  are  using  his  sons  titles  as  there  "surnames". Mashwani was son of Gesudaraz I from his ] wife Sher Bano. Syed Muhammad Kalan (Gesu daraz I) was performing Fajr prayer when his maid came and gave him news about the birth of his son, Syed titled him "Mashwani" which means light of education or "Feather and Inkpot". Mashwani had nine sons, Tukuz, Lodin, Matakati, Suleiman, Roghani, Kazbuli, Ghareb, Khar bari, and Diaz.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Harwi ہروی|first=Nimatullah خواجہ نعمت اللہ|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ognjAAAAMAAJ|title=Tarikh-i-khan jahani makhzan-i-Afghani: A complete history of the Afghans in Indo-Pak sub-continent, Volume 2, تاریخ خان جھانی مخزن افغانی|year=1613|pages=648–649}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book|last1=Dorn|first1=Bernhard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7xVfAAAAcAAJ|title=History of the Afghans, (English translation of Tarikh-i-khan jahani makhzan-i-Afghani), Volume 2|date=1829|publisher=London|pages=56–57}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Henry|first1=Walter Bellew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cVJUAAAAcAAJ|title=Journal of a Political Mission to Afghanistan in 1857, Under Major Lumsden: With an Account of the Country and People|date=1862|publisher=Elder Smith, 1862|location=National Library of the Netherlands|pages=Part 1, Chapter 2 "Afghanistan and its People", page 64}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Balfour|first=Edward|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kyE_AQAAMAAJ|title=The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia: Commercial, Industrial and Scientific, Products of the Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal Kingdoms, Useful Arts and Manufactures, Volume 2|date=1885|publisher=B. Quartitch, 1885|location=India|pages=215}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Gandapur|first=Sher Muhammad Khan|title=تواریخ خورشید جھاں|publisher=Islamiya Kutab|year=1894|location=Lahore|pages=275–309}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=(Pakistan)|first=Baluchistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=48gJAQAAIAAJ|title=Balochistan Through the Ages: Tribes|date=1979|publisher=Nisa Traders : sole distributors Gosha-e-Adab|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Khān|first=Muḥammad Ḥayāt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hopEAQAAMAAJ|title=Afghanistan and Its Inhabitants|date=1981|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bellew|first=Henry Walter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ogWTEzdWXVYC|title=Journal of a Political Mission to Afghanistan, in 1857, Under Major (now Colonel) Lumsden: With an Account of the Country and People|date=1978|publisher=Orient Research Centre|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=(Pakistan)|first=Baluchistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jr21AAAAIAAJ|title=Baluchistan District Gazetteer Series: Quetta-Pishin|date=1907|publisher=printed at Bombay Education Society's Press|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Khalil|first=Malik Muhammad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KyvhBgAAQBAJ|title=Tribe Khalil & The Brighten Persons of Khalil: Tribe Khalil, famous people of tribe khalil|publisher=AttaUrRehman}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=Juma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3QVWswEACAAJ|title=Hayat-e-Mashwani|date=2015|publisher=Yūnīvarsiṭī Buk Ejansī}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Syed Yousaf|first=Shah|title=Halat-e-Mashwani حالات مشوانی|publisher=Lahore: Muhammad Press|year=1930}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Shah|first=Umar Khitab|title=Khitab-e-Mashwani|publisher=Karachi|year=2014|location=Karachi}}</ref>


=== Ancestor === === Ancestor ===
Mashwanis are descended from the Islamic ], through his daughter ] and ].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Mashwanis are descended from the Islamic prophet ], through his daughter ] and ].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />
*] 605-632 AD w/o ] *] 605-632 AD w/o ]
*] 625-680 *] 625–680
*] 659-713 *] 659–713
*] 676–733 *] 676–733
*] 702–765 *] 702–765
* Isma'il ibn Jafar 719–755. Fatima bint al-Hussain'l-Athram bin al-Hasan bin Ali (mother) * Isma'il ibn Jafar 719–755. Fatima bint al-Hussain'l-Athram bin al-Hasan bin Ali (mother)
* Ali ibn Ismail 752-856 * Ali ibn Ismail 752–856
* Syed Faateh (Syed-al-Rajal) * Syed Faateh (Syed-al-Rajal)
* Syed Qaim * Syed Qaim
Line 29: Line 29:
* Syed Omar * Syed Omar
* Syed Ghafar (Yousaf) * Syed Ghafar (Yousaf)
* Syed Muhammad Kalan (Gesudaraz I) 907-999.  * Syed Muhammad Kalan (Gesudaraz I) 907–999. 
* Syed Muhammad Masood (Mashwani 959-1016). Brothers: Syed Muhammad Sani (Storyani), Syed Abbas (Wardak), Syed Fakhruddin (Hanni) * Syed Muhammad Masood (Mashwani 959–1016). Brothers: Syed Muhammad Sani (Storyani), Syed Abbas (Wardak), Syed Fakhruddin (Hanni)

Descendants of the Mashwani are considered to carry the unchanged y chromosome of Prophet Muhammad through the males. It is traced from Ali Ibn-e-abu Talib, the spouse of Fatima al Zahra. His father Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib, who was the brother of Prophet Muhammad's father. This means they all shared the same y-chromosome passed through unchanged only to the male children of this lineage.

== Defeat of Hari Singh Nalwa (Sikh Khalsa Army) ==
Mashwanis played an active role in resistance against the Sikh invasion and occupation of the Hazara region during the 19th century. ], who was the Commander-in-chief of the Sikh Khalsa Army, marched towards ] in 1824. Where the battle between Sikh Khalasa Army and Mashwani took place. At Nara which stands at the mouth of a path leading up to ], the Mashwanis and Saidkhani Utmanzais made a gallant stand, repulsed the Sikh force, which was 8,000 strong, and sent it back to Haripur with a loss of 500 men. A white pillar, erected at later date by Major Abbot, and conspicuous from afar, commemorates the scene of their victory. Hari Singh himself was struck down by a stone hurled from the walls of the village and rolled into the ravine below, where he lay for a long time senseless and undiscovered. It was reported, indeed, that he was dead, but in a short time, having recovered from his wounds.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sharma|first=Shashikant Nishant|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4yUBgAAQBAJ&q=mashwani+sikh+hari+singh&pg=PA8|title=International Journal of Research (IJR)|publisher=Lulu|year=2014|isbn=978-1-304-97715-1|volume=1|language=en|issue=3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Watson|first=Hubert Digby|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V1NuAAAAMAAJ|title=Gazetteer of the Hazara District, 1907|date=1907|publisher=Sarhad Urdu Academy|language=en}}</ref>


== Notable Mashwanis == == Notable Mashwanis ==
Line 48: Line 43:


] ]
Bahre Bostan Mashwani (President Mashwani Tribe KPK)

Latest revision as of 16:04, 9 January 2025

People group

Mashwani (Pashto: مشواڼي, romanized: Maṣwāṇī) (also Mishwani, Meshwani, Moshwani, Mushwani, Pashto pronunciation: [maʃwɑːɳiː]) is Arab origin tribe mainly settled in different parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan, in addition to some other neighboring regions. They are Afghans by adoption and Arabs by descent. They use Mashwani, Banuri, Ludin, Kazmi (due to Ali al Kadhim bin Ismail Araj), Roghani, Jafari as their surnames. Mashwanis played a vital role in fighting against Sikh Khalsa army.

Demographics

Mashwanis are mainly settled in some parts of Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran.

Culture

Mashwanis are very friendly and are famous for their hospitality. The majority of Mashwanis are Pashto speakers, hence follow Pakhtun culture. They wear Pashtun traditional dress shalwar kameez. Women cover their head with a shawl while males usually wear kufi, Peshawari cap, turban, Sindhi cap, or pakol as traditional headgear and Peshawari Chappal as footwear. They are Muslims and follow Islam as their religion.

Progenitor of the Mashwani Tribe

Syed Muhammad Kalan also known as Gesudaraz I (because of his long hair) was born in village Kollan of Dalgan, Sistan and Baluchistan province of Iran. He was the Prince of Persia or "Governor of Persia". He  sided  from  Iran  to Sulayman  Mountain and settled among the Afghans, and fixed his residence between the Kakar, Shirani  and Karlani . These three tribes enjoyed his blessed presence, and, learning from him the fundamental truths of Islam. The commanders of  these Pashtuns tribes (Kakar, Shirani  and Karlani) had  presented  their  daughters  to him  in  respect  of  his  family  and  mysticism. He  married  women from  each tribe  and had sons, Sherani woman had the son known as, "Storyani". Karlani woman had two Sons known as, Wardak and Hanni, Wardak and Hanni were the Sons of Syed Gesudaraz from His Wife Karlani Woman, who were known as progenitors of  these tribes. The  Arab  tribes  descended  from  Gesudaraz I sons  are  using  his  sons  titles  as  there  "surnames". Mashwani was son of Gesudaraz I from his Kakar wife Sher Bano. Syed Muhammad Kalan (Gesu daraz I) was performing Fajr prayer when his maid came and gave him news about the birth of his son, Syed titled him "Mashwani" which means light of education or "Feather and Inkpot". Mashwani had nine sons, Tukuz, Lodin, Matakati, Suleiman, Roghani, Kazbuli, Ghareb, Khar bari, and Diaz.

Ancestor

Mashwanis are descended from the Islamic prophet Muhammad, through his daughter Syeda Fatima-tuz-Zahra and Ali Ibn-e-Abu Talib.

Notable Mashwanis

  • Sheikh Syed Adam Banuri was a famous Sufi scholar in the 16th century, and is known as the progenitor of Benuri tribe. He traces back his own roots to Mashwani in his own book titled "Nikatul Asrar". He wrote a book on the teaching of the Mujadddid and the Naqshbandiyya entitled Kalimatul Ma Arif, two of his other works, the Khulasatu Ma Arif and the Nikatul Asrar, were among other well-known works on Sufi teachings and on the importance of the Naqshbandiyya order. Sayed Adam Banoori was the first to spread the Mujaddid teachings in the Hijaz. Muhammad Yousuf Banuri was one of his grandchildren, was also a famous Islamic scholar, founder of Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia and former President of Wifaq ul Madaris Al-Arabia, Pakistan. A town in Karachi city was renamed as Allama Banuri town in honor of the known hadith scholar Muhammad Yousuf Banuri.
  • Sirajul Haq is a famous Pakistani politician.
  • Pir Sabir Shah is a former chief minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and a famous Pakistani Politician.
  • Iftikhar Ali Mushwani, a Pakistani politician.

References

  1. ^ Khan, Juma (2015). Hayat-e-Mashwani. Yūnīvarsiṭī Buk Ejansī.
  2. ^ Syed Yousaf, Shah (1930). Halat-e-Mashwani حالات مشوانی. Lahore: Muhammad Press.
  3. ^ Shah, Umar Khitab (2014). Khitab-e-Mashwani. Karachi: Karachi.
  4. ^ Harwi ہروی, Nimatullah خواجہ نعمت اللہ (1613). Tarikh-i-khan jahani makhzan-i-Afghani: A complete history of the Afghans in Indo-Pak sub-continent, Volume 2, تاریخ خان جھانی مخزن افغانی. pp. 648–649.
  5. ^ Dorn, Bernhard (1829). History of the Afghans, (English translation of Tarikh-i-khan jahani makhzan-i-Afghani), Volume 2. London. pp. 56–57.
  6. Henry, Walter Bellew (1862). Journal of a Political Mission to Afghanistan in 1857, Under Major Lumsden: With an Account of the Country and People. National Library of the Netherlands: Elder Smith, 1862. pp. Part 1, Chapter 2 "Afghanistan and its People", page 64.
  7. Balfour, Edward (1885). The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia: Commercial, Industrial and Scientific, Products of the Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal Kingdoms, Useful Arts and Manufactures, Volume 2. India: B. Quartitch, 1885. p. 215.
  8. Gandapur, Sher Muhammad Khan (1894). تواریخ خورشید جھاں. Lahore: Islamiya Kutab. pp. 275–309.
  9. (Pakistan), Baluchistan (1979). Balochistan Through the Ages: Tribes. Nisa Traders : sole distributors Gosha-e-Adab.
  10. Khān, Muḥammad Ḥayāt (1981). Afghanistan and Its Inhabitants. Sang-e-Meel Publications.
  11. Bellew, Henry Walter (1978). Journal of a Political Mission to Afghanistan, in 1857, Under Major (now Colonel) Lumsden: With an Account of the Country and People. Orient Research Centre.
  12. (Pakistan), Baluchistan (1907). Baluchistan District Gazetteer Series: Quetta-Pishin. printed at Bombay Education Society's Press.
  13. Khalil, Malik Muhammad. Tribe Khalil & The Brighten Persons of Khalil: Tribe Khalil, famous people of tribe khalil. AttaUrRehman.
  14. Banuri, Sheikh Syed Adam (1626). Nikatul Asrar (in Urdu).
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