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{{Short description|Subtribe of Pashtuns}} |
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The '''Ghoryakhel''' ({{langx|ps|غورياخېل}}) is a ] sub-tribe. |
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Ghoryakhel consists of tribes led by the son of Kand, son of ], son of ], and son of ], who lived in Ghwara Marghay ] ], mostly in ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ],], and ]. <ref name="Bar Durranis">{{cite web |last1=Ali Khan |first1=zahoor |title=Bar Durranis |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44155773 |publisher=Darius Dara 22 |jstor=44155773 |access-date=14 September 2022 }}</ref> |
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==Wars with The Mughals== |
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The first confrontation of the Ghoryakhels with the Mughals occurred during 1510 to 1515 with the Founder of Mughal Empire Babur in Ghazni where Babur tried to Loot their Wealths but refraind by doing so after a little skirmish and Changed his mind to go for the Ghilzais instead of The Mohmands |
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<ref name="Tuzk e Baburi">{{cite book |last1= Babur Nama |first1=Tuzk |title=Babur Nama |date=1952 |publisher=Shah Jahan Khan |location=Khyber Bazar Peshawar |page=120 and 124}}</ref> |
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The '''Ghoryakhel''' ({{lang-ps|غورياخېل}}) and '''Bar Durranis''' by Ahmad Shah Abdali sometimes referred as '''Ghori''' by some authors is a ] sub-tribe which consists of tribes led by the son of Kand, son of ], son of ], and son of ], who lived in Ghwara Marghay ] ] but mostly settled in ] on the basin of Tarnak River and ], ], ], ], ], ],],] of Afghanistan while S. ] also Resides in ] and are also living in ], which is the largest Pashtun tribe living in ] for Century.<ref name="Bar Durranis">{{cite web |last1=Ali Khan |first1=zahoor |title=Bar Durranis |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44155773 |publisher=Darius Dara 22 |jstor=44155773 |access-date=14 September 2022 }}</ref> |
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==Distribution== |
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==Distribution== |
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This tribe has also settled in Pakistan, ], ], Charsada, Mardan, Nowshehra, ], ], ], ], ] Districts and settled between 15th and 16th century. The largest tribe belonging to the Ghoryakhel confederacy is ] and second-largest his brother ], son of Daulatyar while other tribes belonging to the confederacy include, ], ], ], Zakhil known by Zakhilwal, Tarakzai, Khawezai,HazarBuz.They are also known as Bar Durranis (Upper Durranis) a title given by Ahmad Shah Abdali.<ref name=":0"> Khyber.ORG.</ref> The legendary ] Poet ] also belonged to Momand tribe of Ghoryakhel. |
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This tribe has also settled in Pakistan, ], ], Charsada, Mardan, Nowshehra, ], ], ], ], ] Districts and settled between 15th and 16th century. The largest tribe belonging to the Ghoryakhel confederacy is Khalil's ] and second-largest his brother ], son of Daulatyar while other tribes belonging to the confederacy include, ], ], ], Zakhil known by Zakhilwal, Tarakzai, Khawezai,HazarBuz.They are also known as Bar Durranis (Upper Durranis) a title given by Ahmad Shah Abdali.<ref name=":0"> Khyber.ORG.</ref> The legendary ] Poet ] also belonged to Momand tribe of Ghoryakhel. |
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According to the Pata Khazana Pashtun History Book written by Abdulhai, Habibi ] and Sharkhbun are brothers, of who ] had three sons, Kand, Zamand and Kasi, while Sharkhbun had six sons, Urmar, Babar, Baraich, Miana, Tareen and Sheerani. Kand had two sons, Ghoryakhel and Khakhykhel. Zamand had five sons, of which Muhammadzai and Kheshgi being the more popular among them. Kasi had eleven sons. Shinwari and Zhamaryani are the most popular.<ref name="Biography of Rahman Baba">{{cite web |last1=Rashid |first1=Haroon |title=History of Pashtuns |url=https://historyofpashtuns.blogspot.com/2022/08/biography-of-rahman-baba-abdur-rahman.html |publisher=Darius Dara 22 |access-date=14 September 2022 }}</ref> |
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According to the Pata Khazana Pashtun History Book written by Abdulhai, Habibi ] and Sharkhbun are brothers, of who ] had three sons, Kand, Zamand and Kasi, while Sharkhbun had six sons, Urmar, Babar, Baraich, Miana, Tareen and Sheerani. Kand had two sons, Ghoryakhel and Khakhykhel. Zamand had five sons, of which Muhammadzai and Kheshgi being the more popular among them. Kasi had eleven sons. ] and Zhamaryani are the most popular.<ref name="Biography of Rahman Baba">{{cite web |last1=Rashid |first1=Haroon |title=History of Pashtuns |url=https://historyofpashtuns.blogspot.com/2022/08/biography-of-rahman-baba-abdur-rahman.html |publisher=Darius Dara 22 |access-date=14 September 2022 }}</ref> |
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Ghoryakhel had four sons: 1st son Khalil; 2nd son Daulatyar; 3rd Zeerani;and 4th Chamkani, who is the youngest son. Many historians mention in different Pashto and Dari books about Zeerani Pashtun tribe settled in ], ], ] in Afghanistan and majority people speak ] and ] languages because of close relation and cross marriages with ]. Daulatyar had two sons ], ], and other tribes like ], ], ], Zakhil known by ], Tarakzai, Khawezai. |
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==Wars with the British== |
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==Wars with the British== |
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In 1924 the Battle of Sheenday (Shahindagan) (Ghorya khel victory),1926 sack of Jahangir Abad (British victory), 1926 Surizai campaign (British victory),1926 Urmar Campaign 1927 Azakhel operation. |
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In 1924 the Battle of Sheenday (Shahindagan) (Ghorya khel victory),1926 sack of Jahangir Abad (British victory), 1926 Surizai campaign (British victory),1926 Urmar Campaign 1927 Azakhel operation. |
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<ref name="Pir Roshan">{{cite book |last1=Rokhani Inqilab |first1=Peer rokhan |title=Peer rokhan |date=1997 |publisher=Sabir Shah |location=Khyber Bazar Peshawar |page=420 and 238}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Pir Roshan">{{cite book |last1=Chand Haqayiq |first1=Ghayas Ahmad Khan |title=Chand Haqayiq|date=2003 |publisher=Ghayas Ahmad Khan |location=Sadar bazar Peshawar |page= 120 and 123 }}</ref> |
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===Battle of Sarband=== |
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The British troops formed their line from Pishtakhara to Sarband while on the front side the Pashtuns lined their tribemens from Sheikh Muhammadi, Peshawar to ]. The British numbering 2431 Raaj troops Majority Sikhs and the Pashtuns tribes numbering 1452 (estimated numbers) Tribemens the Battle begans at Morning When the Tribesmens were offering Morning Dawn prayer the British Indian troops Opened fire on the Pashtuns the Pashtun reserve guards successfully defended their main tribal Army. The battle continued at 11 Am a Pashtun tribesmen from Ghoryakhel Crossed the Hill and Exploded the dynamites on the Post on the Hills Capturing the key area in the battlefield in Sheikh Muhammadi. Fighting continue until the main Commander of the British pm the ] Army was totally routed. |
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===Aftermath=== |
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The British never attacked the Ghoryakhels as in major battle. While the Ghoryakhel maintained their Tribal Freedom and did not stop to raid the British. The Pashtun raiders gave too much damage to the British specially during World War II. |
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===Campaign of Mohmand=== |
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===Campaign of Mohmand=== |
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{{Main|Mohmand campaign of 1935}} |
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{{Main|Mohmand campaign of 1935}} |
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==Tribal wars and migration== |
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Ghoryakhel tribe was the most powerful Afghan tribe. The first recorded Ghoryakhel tribe is that of Niazi. In Tawarikh Bahadur khan it is said that once in the area of the Niazi, a Ghoryakhel man was killed in the mosque when the news approached to the Tribal chief of the Ghorya Khel Amaan Shah declared war on the Niazi. The Battle was fought in today's ], ] in which Niazi were decisively defeated and were swooped out of Afghanistan. the Ghoryakhel conquered ]. In 15CE, Yousafzai migrated to Swabi and other regions. At the end of 15CE, many tribes migrated to today's KPK and thus this area was called Pukhtunkhwa. In b/w 16th to 17th or before The Ghorya khel chasing a tribe first to ], then to ], then to ] and ] where a battle was fought, and again Ghorya khel were victorious. Seeing the riches of the Peshawar, they returned to their lands and prepared for a battle to conquer Peshawar. In response, a massive tribal army of the ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ] people was prepared to battle in the outskirts of ]. Ghorya Khel, under their tribal chiefs Zmaray and Khukhah, crossed the ] through Nangarhar where they were welcomed by the ] and ] tribes. In late November, they reached ], where a battle was fought. In this battle, the allied forces were defeated and lost their 30,000 men. Ghorya Khel entering into Peshawar chasing the Niazi as they were their old enemies and swipe out them to Mianwali. Bahadur Khan describes that when this news reached other tribes most of them said, "They were mad or fools that they confronted the Ghoryakhels If they were not Muslims then every man of their against tribe in this battle would be killed. By God, It was punishment to them". |
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===War with Dilzak=== |
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The ] tribe was cut off from the main Afghan tribes in the past because of close marriages between Dilzak and Hindkowan After Afghan Tribe Yousafzai completely take over the Dilzak in Pukhtunkhwa region Dilzak tribe acted as an allied tribe of ] as the Dilzak tribe became a weak tribe because of their marriages they were cut off from the main Afghan tribes So that they have no choice but to surrender to the Yousafzai. After the decisive victory of the GhoryaKhels against the Allied forces. The Dilzak tribe seeking to expand attacked the area of the GhoryaKhels. Ghoryakhels did not respond to this attack as they thought it is just a minor problem because the Dilzak understood as a weak tribe. After this the Dilzak attacked the Swat against the Yousafzai and Captured some areas. Yousafzai called upon the Ghoryakhels. Ghorya Khels And Yousafzai were Cousins tribes. The Ghoryakhel marched towards the Swat and informed the Yousafzai chiefs The Yousafzai were withdrawing further to the North as a message came to the Yousafzai chief that the Ghoryakhel has crossed the Swat and are a few minutes away listening to the News Yousafzai tribe marched to the South. Ghoryakhel Khel Attacked the Dilzaks in which the Dilzaaks were defeated. Dilzak Regrouped in the Shangla Where They were again defeated by the GhoryaKhels In this battle the Dilzaki Chief was Killed and his head was sent to the Yousafzai Chief. The Ghoryakhel were returning to their areas attacked by Mohammadzai and Kheshgi tribes the Ghoryakhels Khel sent a letter to the Yousafzai but the Yousafzai did not come for help. Although this raid was repulsed by the GhoryaKhels this created a series of Wars with Yousafzai. |
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In future, the Ghoryakhels and Yousafzai and allies fought 27 battles in which 16th battles were won by ] which was a little skirmish while 11 battles were won by the Ghoryakhel from 1st to 15th and from 17th to 27th. The most important battle was during the chief of Yousafzai Gaju Khan and Chief of Ghoryakhel Hyeose in which 10,000 Yousafzai were defeated by the 4000 Ghoryakhel conquering today's Mohmand agency. ] feared from Ghoryakhel and never fought a war against the Ghoryakhels. After this battle, the Khattak and Ghoryakhel were in alliance and conquered Nowshera from ] and ] tribes. But after that, the Ghoryakhel and the Yousafzai tribe make an alliance against the Mughals and this Kand Tribe alliance was never broken and resulted in the fall of the Mughal empire. |
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==History== |
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{{unreferenced section|date=May 2021}} |
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Pashtuns are said to be ] or ] or ] or early ]ns, etc. Meanwhile, Pashtuns are classified as Eastern Iranian group of the ] people. The language that ] (Pukhtuns, Pakhtuns, Afghans) speak ] (Pukhto or Pakhto) is classified as ]or a Saka language and itself to be the part of the larger ]. ] is a pure Afghan tribe. They have been lived in ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]. while the concept of the son of kand is disagreed by many historians that it is just a story. If it is, then Kands grandfather ] have also his tribesmen, then who were the historians that deny that it is just a story. If you want to learn more about the history of Pashtun you can do so by clicking on this link ]. |
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Kamal Khan Daudzai was also from Ghorya Khel tribe Daudzai tribe and Mohmands along With Khalils, Muhammadzai laid siege to Peshawar Fort but failed due to the Unexpected Retreat of Abdul Qadir of Roshanis and Bangashs. Aurangzeb Alamgir, after becoming the new Padishah, confronted the Pashtuns in the northwest and was defeated by the Pashtuns. Darya Khan Afridi, Aimal Khan Mohmand, Mubarak Khalil and Rostam Khan Daudzai were the main figures in this battle. Mughal losses were estimated from 20,000 to 40,000 troops, while the Pashtun losses were less than 5000. Like the other tribes, Ghoryakhel also never accepted the ] rule and killed about 10000 Sikh in little skirmishes. Meanwhile, the Sikhs controlled the forts and Hindkowan walled city; also, the British fought the Battle of Sarband in response to the arresting of Bacha Khan |
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==Prominent Figures== |
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{{unreferenced section|date=May 2021}} |
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Hussain Bakhsh Kausar Ghoryakhel was a prominent leader of ] ] hailed from ]. He was a preeminent linguist and philologist of the 20th century in the greater Pashtun territories. He died in Peshawar in the 1990s.<ref>. Khyber Tribe Listing. Accessed November 1, 2012.</ref> |
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], ], ], ],],] Daudzai,Darya Khan Daudzai,Zain Khan Momand (Durrani Governor of Sirhind),],], ], ], ],],],Kamal Khan Daudzai, ],],],], ],],],] |
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According to Sir Olaf Caroe mentioned in his book (The Pathans), that the ] or<ref name=":0" /> ] most powerful in non-Afghan tribes, and the Ghoryakhel are the Most powerful in Afghan tribes. Ghoryakhel and Khakhykhel are the largest Pashtoon Sarbani tribes in northwest or Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa of Pakistan and Afghanistan. |
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==Ghoryakhel tribes== |
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==Ghoryakhel tribes== |
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*] (Another name for descendant of Daulatyar) |
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*Barozai |
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*Shalmani (debatable) |
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==See also== |
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==See also== |
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{{Pashtun tribes}} |
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{{Pashtun tribes}} |
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] |
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] |
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The first confrontation of the Ghoryakhels with the Mughals occurred during 1510 to 1515 with the Founder of Mughal Empire Babur in Ghazni where Babur tried to Loot their Wealths but refraind by doing so after a little skirmish and Changed his mind to go for the Ghilzais instead of The Mohmands
In 1924 the Battle of Sheenday (Shahindagan) (Ghorya khel victory),1926 sack of Jahangir Abad (British victory), 1926 Surizai campaign (British victory),1926 Urmar Campaign 1927 Azakhel operation.
