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| === Russian Hell in the Year 2000 / Russian Hell 1 === | === Russian Hell in the Year 2000 / Russian Hell 1 === | ||
| The film was shot by amateurs with no film training, and the footage is shaky and poorly zoomed in at several instances, with poor sound quality. It is presented in several fragmentary clips. The sound is instead replaced with ] about ] and ].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Wojtasik |first=Karolina |date=2017 |title=How and Why Do Terrorist Organizations Use the Internet? |journal=Polish Political Science Yearbook |language=en |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=105–117 |issn=0208-7375}}</ref> The film was sold by ] in the United Kingdom as Russian Hell in the Year 2000.<ref name=":5" /> | The film was shot by amateurs with no film training, and the footage is shaky and poorly zoomed in at several instances, with poor sound quality. It is presented in several fragmentary clips. The sound is instead replaced with ] about ] and ].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Wojtasik |first=Karolina |date=2017 |title=How and Why Do Terrorist Organizations Use the Internet? |journal=Polish Political Science Yearbook |language=en |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=105–117 |doi=10.15804/ppsy2017207 |issn=0208-7375}}</ref> The film was sold by ] in the United Kingdom as Russian Hell in the Year 2000.<ref name=":5" /> | ||
| The videos showcase ] giving a sort of "mission brief" to the militants. Afterwards, they move to ambush and attack a convoy of Russian soldiers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cottee |first=Simon |title=Watching Murder: ISIS, Death Videos and Radicalization |publisher=] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-003-27939-6 |edition=1 |location=London |language=en |doi=10.4324/9781003279396}}</ref> It also displays the execution and torture of several Russian soldiers that they had captured.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=Strategic Studies: A Reader |publisher=] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-203-92846-2 |editor-last=Mahnken |editor-first=Thomas G. |edition=1st |location=London |language=en |editor-last2=Maiolo |editor-first2=Joseph A.}}</ref> During the attack, they shout "]". Otherwise they do not actually contain much theologically material, other than "in the militants’ beards".<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | |
The videos showcase ] giving a sort of "mission brief" to the militants. Afterwards, they move to ambush and attack a convoy of Russian soldiers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cottee |first=Simon |title=Watching Murder: ISIS, Death Videos and Radicalization |publisher=] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-003-27939-6 |edition=1 |location=London |language=en |doi=10.4324/9781003279396}}</ref> It also displays the execution and torture of several Russian soldiers that they had captured.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=Strategic Studies: A Reader |publisher=] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-203-92846-2 |editor-last=Mahnken |editor-first=Thomas G. |edition=1st |location=London |language=en |editor-last2=Maiolo |editor-first2=Joseph A.}}</ref> During the attack, they shout "]". Otherwise they do not actually contain much theologically material, other than "in the militants’ beards".<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Holt |first1=Tom |last2=Freilich |first2=Joshua D. |last3=Chermak |first3=Steven |last4=McCauley |first4=Clark |date=2015-05-04 |title=Political radicalization on the Internet: Extremist content, government control, and the power of victim and jihad videos |journal=Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=107–120 |doi=10.1080/17467586.2015.1065101 |issn=1746-7586}}</ref> The tone of the videos is largely optimistic, described as "almost cheery", and focuses on camaraderie between the militants.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
| === Russian Hell 5 === | === Russian Hell 5 === | ||
Latest revision as of 14:46, 9 January 2025
Islamist motivational videos
Russian Hell (Arabic: جحيم الروس, romanized: jaḥīm ạl-rus), also called Russian Hell in Chechnya (Russian: Русский ад на Кавказе) is a series of jihadist propaganda videos. They were produced by Saudi Arabian militant Ibn Khattab in Chechnya, during the Second Chechen War and distributed by Azzam Publications in the United Kingdom. It depicts the torture and execution of Russian troops by Islamist militants. It was likely the first usage of a videotaped execution by jihadists, and has been utilized or viewed as inspiration by several Islamist terrorists and militants worldwide.
Content
There are five such videos.
Russian Hell in the Year 2000 / Russian Hell 1
The film was shot by amateurs with no film training, and the footage is shaky and poorly zoomed in at several instances, with poor sound quality. It is presented in several fragmentary clips. The sound is instead replaced with a cappella music about fighting and dying for God. The film was sold by Azzam Publications in the United Kingdom as Russian Hell in the Year 2000.
The videos showcase Ibn Khattab giving a sort of "mission brief" to the militants. Afterwards, they move to ambush and attack a convoy of Russian soldiers. It also displays the execution and torture of several Russian soldiers that they had captured. During the attack, they shout "Allahu Akbar". Otherwise they do not actually contain much theologically material, other than "in the militants’ beards". The tone of the videos is largely optimistic, described as "almost cheery", and focuses on camaraderie between the militants.
Russian Hell 5
Filmed in Chechnya and Uzbekistan, the film was first published in 2004 on the Islamic Awakening forum. Like Azzam Publications, the forum was hosted in the United Kingdom and had notable members including neo-Nazi David Myatt.
History and usage
The videos were produced by Saudi militant Ibn Khattab in Chechnya, during the Second Chechen War. The purpose of the recording was to showcase the successes of Chechen militants, showcasing their training and ruthlessness towards their enemies. It was initially released as a forty-minute film in 2000. Shortly after its creation, al-Qaeda copied the idea and released their own film The Destruction of the Destroyer USS Cole, and afterwards many terrorist groups desired to document their "achievements" in such a manner. It was likely the first videotaped execution by jihadists.
While produced in a Chechen context, it was popular among western jihadists, the most popular video of its kind. The video is further popular among militant extremist Muslims worldwide, including in South Asia, Australia, the Middle East and Indonesia.
The film was sold by Azzam Publications in the United Kingdom as Russian Hell in the Year 2000. Terrorist plotters Colleen LaRose and Momin Khawaja utilized the videos. The film was entered into evidence during the trial of former U.S. sailor Hassan Abujihaad. The film was viewed by the suicide bombers behind the 2003 Casablanca bombings the night before the attacks.
References
- ^ Bunt, Gary R. (2009). iMuslims: Rewiring the House of Islam. Islamic Civilization and Muslim Networks. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-3258-5.
- ^ Wojtasik, Karolina (2017). "How and Why Do Terrorist Organizations Use the Internet?". Polish Political Science Yearbook. 46 (2): 105–117. doi:10.15804/ppsy2017207. ISSN 0208-7375.
- ^ McGregor, Andrew (23 February 2006). "Distant Relations: Hamas and the Mujahideen of Chechnya". North Caucasus Weekly. Vol. 7, no. 8. The Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
- Cottee, Simon (2022). Watching Murder: ISIS, Death Videos and Radicalization (1 ed.). London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781003279396. ISBN 978-1-003-27939-6.
- ^ Mahnken, Thomas G.; Maiolo, Joseph A., eds. (2008). Strategic Studies: A Reader (1st ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-203-92846-2.
- ^ Holt, Tom; Freilich, Joshua D.; Chermak, Steven; McCauley, Clark (4 May 2015). "Political radicalization on the Internet: Extremist content, government control, and the power of victim and jihad videos". Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict. 8 (2): 107–120. doi:10.1080/17467586.2015.1065101. ISSN 1746-7586.
- ^ Stenersen, Anne (2017). "A History of Jihadi Cinematography". In Hegghammer, Thomas (ed.). Jihadi Culture: The Art and Social Practices of Militant Islamists. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01795-5.
- "Court analyses material support to terrorists - United States v. Abu-Jihaad, No. 3:07CR57 (D. Conn. 03/04/2009)". biotech.law.lsu.edu. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
- Aloumliki, Abderrafii (31 July 2003). "Ils voulaient fuir en Algérie" [They wanted to flee to Algeria]. Aujourd'hui Le Maroc (in French). Casablanca. ISSN 1114-4807. Retrieved 30 December 2024.