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{{Infobox royalty
Emperor '''Seinei''' (清寧天皇) was the 22nd ] of ], according to the traditional order of succession. No firm dates can be assigned to this emperor or to his reign, but he is believed to have ruled the country during the late ] CE.
| name = Emperor Seinei<br>{{nobold|{{lang|ja|清寧天皇}}}}
| image = Orekidai seinei.png
| succession = ]
| reign = 480 – 484 (traditional)<ref name="lineofs">{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322210732/http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/genealogy/img/keizu-e.pdf|archivedate=March 22, 2011|url=http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/genealogy/img/keizu-e.pdf|title=Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan|work=Kunaicho.go.jp|access-date=March 27, 2024}}</ref>
| coronation =
| cor-type = Japan
| predecessor = ]
| successor = ]<br>(or possibly ])
| posthumous name = ]:<br/>Emperor Seinei ({{lang|ja|清寧天皇}})<br/><br/>]:<br/>Shiraka-no-takehiro-kunioshiwaka-yamato-neko no Sumeramikoto ({{lang|ja|白髪武広国押稚日本根子天皇}})
| spouse =
| issue =
| royal house = ]
| father = ]<ref name=descent>{{cite web|url=https://reichsarchiv.jp/%E5%AE%B6%E7%B3%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6#emp022|title=Genealogy|website=Reichsarchiv|date=30 April 2010 |access-date=March 27, 2024|language=ja}}</ref>
| mother = {{ill|Katsuragi no Karahime|ja|葛城韓媛|vertical-align=sup}}<ref name="Fane.M">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VHgtAQAAMAAJ&q=Seinei#v=snippet&q=Seinei&f=false|chapter=Table of Emperors Mothers|title=The Imperial Family of Japan|author=Ponsonby-Fane, Richard|publisher=Ponsonby Memorial Society|year=1915|page=xiii|author-link=Richard Ponsonby-Fane}}</ref>
| birth_name = Shiraka ({{lang|ja|白髪}})
| birth_date = 444<ref name=descent/><ref name="Longford">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9wDAQAAIAAJ&q=Seinei+444|chapter=List of Emperors: II. The Dawn of History and The great Reformers|author=]|title=Japan|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|year=1923|page=304}}</ref><ref name="Henshall">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmYYAgAAQBAJ&q=444-484|title=Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945|author=Kenneth Henshall|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2013|page=488|isbn=9780810878723}}</ref>
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|484|444}}<ref name="Brown">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&pg=PA258|title=A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219|chapter=(23) Emperor Seinei|author=]|publisher=Gukanshō|year=1979|page=258|isbn=978-0-520-03460-0 }}</ref>
| death_place = Iware no Mikakuri Palace
| burial_place = {{Nihongo||河内坂門原陵|''Kawachi no Sakado no hara no misasagi''}} (Osaka)
}}


{{Nihongo|'''Emperor Seinei'''|清寧天皇|Seinei-tennō}} (444 – 484) was the 22nd ], according to the traditional ].<ref name="Titsingh">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA28|title=Annales des empereurs du japon|author=Titsingh, Isaac.|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland|language=fr|year=1834|pages=28–29|author-link=Isaac Titsingh}}</ref><ref name="kunaicho">{{cite web|url=http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/ryobo/guide/022/|title=雄略天皇 (22)|work=] (Kunaichō)|language=ja|access-date=December 27, 2024}}</ref>
According to '']'' and '']'', he was a son of Emperor ]. His name in birth was ''Shiraka''. After the death of his father, Seinei won the fight against Prince Hoshikawa, his brother, for the throne and so succeeded his father. He reigned from ] till ].


<ref>]. (1834). ; ] (1979). ; ]. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki'', pp. 115–116.</ref>
He had no child and worried about it. Two grandsons of the Emperor ], ] and ], were found by chance and Seinei adopted them and made the elder of them, Prince Oke, the crown prince.


No firm dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign, but he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 480 to 484.<ref>]. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan,'' p. 41.</ref>
His tomb was made in Kawachi province, which is today in the eastern ].


==Protohistoric narrative==
{{japan-bio-stub}}
The Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign's historical existence, and a mausoleum (misasagi) for Seinei is currently maintained. The following information available is taken from the ] '']'' and '']'', which are collectively known as {{Nihongo|''Kiki''|記紀}} or ''Japanese chronicles''. These chronicles include legends and myths, as well as potential historical facts that have since been ] over time. It is recorded in the ''Kiki'' that Seinei was born to {{Nihongo|''Katsuragi no Karahime''|葛城韓媛}} sometime in 444 AD, and was given the name {{Nihongo||白髪皇子|Shiraka}}.<ref name="Longford"/>


<ref name="Fane1">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VHgtAQAAMAAJ&q=Seinei#v=onepage&q=Seinei&f=false|title=Seinei (480–484)|work=The Imperial Family of Japan|author=Ponsonby-Fane, Richard|publisher=Ponsonby Memorial Society|year=1915|page=14|author-link=Richard Ponsonby-Fane}}</ref>
⚫ {{start box}}
⚫ {{succession box | title=] | before=] | after=] | years=480-484<br>''(traditional dates)''}}
⚫ {{end box}}


According to '']'' and '']'', he was a son of ] and his consort Katsuragi no Karahime. Seinei's full sister was Princess Takuhatahime. His name in birth was {{Nihongo||白髪皇子|Shiraka}}. It is said that the color of his hair was white since birth.<ref>Titsingh, p. 29; n.b., there is speculation that this unusual hair color suggests ].</ref> After the death of his father, Seinei won ], his brother, for the throne and so succeeded his father.
⚫ ]
⚫ ]
⚫ ]


Seinei fathered no children; however, two grandsons of the 17th Emperor, ], were found—later to ascend as ] and ]. Seinei adopted them as his heirs.<ref>Aston, William. (1998). ''Nihongi,'' Vol. 1, pp. 373–377.</ref>
]

]
==Historical assessment==
]
Seinei was a 5th-century monarch.<ref>Kelly, Charles F. 27 April 2009.</ref> The reign of ] ({{circa|509}}&nbsp;– 571 AD), the 29th emperor,<ref name="Titsingh pp. 34-36">Titsingh, ; Brown, ; Varley, pp. 123–124.</ref> is the first for which contemporary historiography is able to assign verifiable dates;<ref>Hoye, Timothy. (1999). ''Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds,'' p. 78; excerpt, "According to legend, the first Japanese Emperor was Jinmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jinmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kinmei.</ref> however, the conventionally accepted names and dates of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of ] (737–806), the 50th sovereign of the ].<ref>]. (1896). ''Nihongi,'' pp. 109.</ref>

Seinei's contemporary title would not have been ''tennō'', as most historians believe this title was not introduced until the reigns of ] and ]. Rather, it was presumably {{Nihongo|''Sumeramikoto'' or ''Amenoshita Shiroshimesu Ōkimi''|治天下大王}}, meaning "the great king who rules all under heaven". Alternatively, Seinei might have been referred to as {{Nihongo2|ヤマト大王/大君}} or the "Great King of Yamato".

The actual site of Seinei's ] is not known.<ref name="kunaicho"/> The emperor is traditionally venerated at a ] ] ] (''misasagi'') at ].

The ] designates this location as Seinei's ]. It is formally named ''Kawachi no Sakado no hara no misasagi''.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, p. 419.</ref>

==See also==
* ]
* ] (Empress Tsunuzashi)
* ]

==Notes==
] — a stylized ] blossom]]
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* ] (1896). London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. {{OCLC|448337491}}
* ] and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-03460-0}}; {{OCLC|251325323}}
* Nippon Gakujutsu Shinkokai (1969). ''The Manyōshū: The Nippon Gakujutsu Shinkokai Translation of One Thousand Poems.'' New York: ]. {{ISBN|0-231-08620-2}}
* ]. (1959). Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. {{OCLC|194887}}
* ] (1834). '']''; ou, Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. {{OCLC|5850691}}
* ] (1980). New York: Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-231-04940-5}}; {{OCLC|59145842}}

==External links==
* Online English Translations.

⚫ {{S-start}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=]}}
⚫ {{s-ttl|title=]:<br>Seinei|years=11 February 480 – 27 February 484<br>''(traditional dates)''}}
{{s-aft|after=]}}
⚫ {{S-end}}

{{Emperors of Japan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Seinei}}
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]
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⚫ ]

Latest revision as of 07:11, 30 December 2024

Emperor of Japan
Emperor Seinei
清寧天皇
Emperor of Japan
Reign480 – 484 (traditional)
PredecessorYūryaku
SuccessorKenzō
(or possibly Princess Iitoyo)
BornShiraka (白髪)
444
Died484(484-00-00) (aged 39–40)
Iware no Mikakuri Palace
BurialKawachi no Sakado no hara no misasagi (河内坂門原陵) (Osaka)
Posthumous name
Chinese-style shigō:
Emperor Seinei (清寧天皇)

Japanese-style shigō:
Shiraka-no-takehiro-kunioshiwaka-yamato-neko no Sumeramikoto (白髪武広国押稚日本根子天皇)
HouseImperial House of Japan
FatherEmperor Yūryaku
MotherKatsuragi no Karahime

Emperor Seinei (清寧天皇, Seinei-tennō) (444 – 484) was the 22nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

No firm dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign, but he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 480 to 484.

Protohistoric narrative

The Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign's historical existence, and a mausoleum (misasagi) for Seinei is currently maintained. The following information available is taken from the pseudo-historical Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, which are collectively known as Kiki (記紀) or Japanese chronicles. These chronicles include legends and myths, as well as potential historical facts that have since been exaggerated and/or distorted over time. It is recorded in the Kiki that Seinei was born to Katsuragi no Karahime (葛城韓媛) sometime in 444 AD, and was given the name Shiraka (白髪皇子).

According to Kojiki and Nihonshoki, he was a son of Emperor Yūryaku and his consort Katsuragi no Karahime. Seinei's full sister was Princess Takuhatahime. His name in birth was Shiraka (白髪皇子). It is said that the color of his hair was white since birth. After the death of his father, Seinei won the fight against Prince Hoshikawa, his brother, for the throne and so succeeded his father.

Seinei fathered no children; however, two grandsons of the 17th Emperor, Emperor Richū, were found—later to ascend as Prince Woke and Prince Oke. Seinei adopted them as his heirs.

Historical assessment

Seinei was a 5th-century monarch. The reign of Emperor Kinmei (c. 509 – 571 AD), the 29th emperor, is the first for which contemporary historiography is able to assign verifiable dates; however, the conventionally accepted names and dates of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kanmu (737–806), the 50th sovereign of the imperial dynasty.

Seinei's contemporary title would not have been tennō, as most historians believe this title was not introduced until the reigns of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jitō. Rather, it was presumably Sumeramikoto or Amenoshita Shiroshimesu Ōkimi (治天下大王), meaning "the great king who rules all under heaven". Alternatively, Seinei might have been referred to as ヤマト大王/大君 or the "Great King of Yamato".

The actual site of Seinei's grave is not known. The emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) at Osaka.

The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Seinei's mausoleum. It is formally named Kawachi no Sakado no hara no misasagi.

See also

Notes

Japanese Imperial kamon — a stylized chrysanthemum blossom
  1. "Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan" (PDF). Kunaicho.go.jp. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 22, 2011. Retrieved March 27, 2024.
  2. ^ "Genealogy". Reichsarchiv (in Japanese). 30 April 2010. Retrieved March 27, 2024.
  3. ^ Joseph Henry Longford (1923). "List of Emperors: II. The Dawn of History and The great Reformers". Japan. Houghton Mifflin. p. 304.
  4. Kenneth Henshall (2013). Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945. Scarecrow Press. p. 488. ISBN 9780810878723.
  5. Brown, Delmer M. (1979). "(23) Emperor Seinei". A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219. Gukanshō. p. 258. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0.
  6. Ponsonby-Fane, Richard (1915). "Table of Emperors Mothers". The Imperial Family of Japan. Ponsonby Memorial Society. p. xiii.
  7. Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon (in French). Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. pp. 28–29.
  8. ^ "雄略天皇 (22)". Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō) (in Japanese). Retrieved December 27, 2024.
  9. Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, pp. 28–29; Brown, Delmer M. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 258–259; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, pp. 115–116.
  10. Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 41.
  11. Ponsonby-Fane, Richard (1915). "Seinei (480–484)". The Imperial Family of Japan. Ponsonby Memorial Society. p. 14.
  12. Titsingh, p. 29; n.b., there is speculation that this unusual hair color suggests albinism.
  13. Aston, William. (1998). Nihongi, Vol. 1, pp. 373–377.
  14. Kelly, Charles F. "Kofun Culture," Japanese Archaeology. 27 April 2009.
  15. Titsingh, pp. 34–36; Brown, pp. 261–262; Varley, pp. 123–124.
  16. Hoye, Timothy. (1999). Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds, p. 78; excerpt, "According to legend, the first Japanese Emperor was Jinmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jinmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kinmei.
  17. Aston, William. (1896). Nihongi, pp. 109.
  18. Ponsonby-Fane, p. 419.

References

External links

Regnal titles
Preceded byEmperor Yūryaku Emperor of Japan:
Seinei
11 February 480 – 27 February 484
(traditional dates) 		Succeeded byEmperor Kenzō
Japan Emperors of Japan (list)
Legendary
Jōmon
660 BC–291 BC
Yayoi
290 BC–269 AD
Yamato
Kofun
269–539
Asuka
539–710
Nara
710–794
Heian
794–1185
Kamakura
1185–1333
Northern Court
1333–1392
Muromachi
1333–1573
Azuchi-Momoyama
1573–1603
Edo
1603–1868
Empire of Japan
1868–1947
Japan
1947–present

Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are in CE / AD  Imperial Consort and Regent Empress Jingū is not traditionally listed.

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