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{{Short description|Fourth largest city of Kosovo}} | |||
{{Refimprove|date=February 2008}} | |||
{{About|the city in Kosovo|other uses|Peja (disambiguation){{!}}Peja}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}} | |||
{{Update|date=May 2022}} | |||
{{Infobox settlement | |||
| name = Peja<br>Peć | |||
| native_name = | |||
| settlement_type = ] and ] | |||
| image_skyline = {{multiple image | |||
|total_width = 300 | |||
|border = infobox | |||
|perrow = 1/2/2 | |||
|caption_align = center | |||
|image1 = Peja from Veljak Peak -2014 m alt.JPG | |||
|caption1 = View of Peja | |||
|image2 = Muzeu etnologjik (Konaku i Tahir Beut), Pejë 4.jpg | |||
|caption2 = Ethnographic Museum | |||
|image3 = Peja..JPG | |||
|caption3 = City's Center | |||
}} | |||
| image_flag = Flag of Peja.png | |||
| flag_alt = Flag of Peja | |||
| image_seal = ] | |||
| seal_alt = Seal of Peja | |||
| pushpin_map = Kosovo#Europe | |||
| coordinates = {{coord|42|39|37|N|20|17|30|E|type:adm1st_region:RS-KM|display=inline}} | |||
| subdivision_type = Country | |||
| subdivision_name = ] | |||
| subdivision_type1 = ] | |||
| subdivision_name1 = ] | |||
| subdivision_type2 = ] | |||
| subdivision_name2 = Peja | |||
| established_title = | |||
| established_date = | |||
| government_type = ] | |||
| leader_party = ] | |||
| leader_title = Mayor | |||
| leader_name = ] | |||
| leader_title1 = Council | |||
| leader_name1 = Peja Municipal Council | |||
| unit_pref = Metric | |||
| area_blank1_title = | |||
| area_blank1_km2 = | |||
| area_blank2_title = | |||
| area_blank2_km2 = | |||
| elevation_m = 516 | |||
| population_as_of = 2024 | |||
| population_blank1_title = Ethnicity | |||
| population_blank1 = {{ubl|91.22% ]|8.78% ]}} | |||
| population_demonym = {{langx|sq|link=no|Pejan (m), Pejane (f)}} | |||
| timezone = ] | |||
| utc_offset = +1 | |||
| timezone_DST = ] | |||
| utc_offset_DST = +2 | |||
| postal_code_type = ] | |||
| postal_code = 30000 | |||
| area_code_type = Area code | |||
| area_code = +383 (0) 39 | |||
| website = {{URL|https://kk.rks-gov.net/peje/|kk.rks-gov.net/peje/}} | |||
| registration_plate_type = ] | |||
| registration_plate = 03 | |||
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |publisher=] |title=Komisioni për majten e territorit të Republikës së Kosovës |url=https://kryeministri-ks.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Raport_Faktografik_Matja_e_territorit_te_Republikes_se_Kosoves_032017.pdf |access-date=3 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922113615/https://kryeministri-ks.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Raport_Faktografik_Matja_e_territorit_te_Republikes_se_Kosoves_032017.pdf |archive-date=22 September 2020 |page=52 |language=sq |url-status=usurped}}</ref> | |||
| total_type = Municipality | |||
| area_total_km2 = 602.63 | |||
| population_total = 82,661 | |||
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population and housing census in Kosovo preliminary results - July 2024|url=https://askapi.rks-gov.net/Custom/1d268e37-5934-4bd5-bbd1-34a9965cff92.pdf|access-date=2 August 2024}}</ref> | |||
| population_density_km2 = auto | |||
| population_rank = ] | |||
| area_rank = ] | |||
}} | |||
'''Peja'''{{efn|name=fn1|(] ] ]: ''Pejë'', {{IPA-sq|ˈpɛj|pron}})}} or '''Peć'''{{efn|name=fn2|({{lang-sr-Cyrl|Пећ|Peć}}, {{IPA-sr|pêːtɕ|sr}})}}, is the fourth most populous city in ] and serves as the seat of the Peja Municipality and the ]. It is located in the ] region on the eastern section of the ] along the ] in the western part of Kosovo. | |||
In medieval times, the city was under Byzantine, Bulgarian and Serbian rule. After its integration into Serbian territory, it became the seat of the ] in 1346. The ] is a ] ] as part of the ]. Under Ottoman rule the city became a district capital with mosques and civil architecture. From the end of the nineteenth century until today, the city has been the site of nationalist aspirations and claims for both ] and ], often resulting in tense inter-ethnic relations and conflict. | |||
According to the 2011 census, the city of Peja has 48,962 inhabitants, while the municipality has 96,450 inhabitants. The municipality covers an area of {{convert|602|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, including the city of Peja and 95 villages; it is divided into 28 territorial communities. | |||
== Etymology == | |||
The etymology of the city's name is derived from the ] word for cave, ''Pećina''. The connection is in reference to nearby caves to the city.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Everett-Heath |first1=John |title=The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names |date=2005 |publisher=] |location=United Kingdom |isbn=978-0198605379 |page=408 |url=https://archive.org/details/concisedictionar0000ever/page/408/mode/2up?q=pe%C4%87 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref> During the period of Ottoman rule, it was known as ] ''İpek'' (ايپك). The ] name's definite form is ''Peja'' and the indefinite ''Pejë.'' The ] name for the city is ''Peć.'' Other names of the city include ] ''Pescium'' and ] ''Episkion'' (Επισκιον) meaning "Episcopal City". It was also known as ''Siparant''.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
== History == | |||
=== Early development === | |||
] from the 14th century, when its status was upgraded into a patriarchate.]] | |||
The city is located in a strategic position on ], a tributary of the ] to the east of the ]. The medieval city was possibly built on the ruins of ''Siparant(um)'', a Roman '']'' (town or city).<ref name="PakVrišer1980">{{citation|author1=Mirko Pak|author2=Igor Vrišer|title=Urban and industrial geography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4WoLAQAAIAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Inštitut za geografija univerze Edvarda Kardelja v Ljubljani|quote=Prema tome, od gore spomenutih cinjenica mozemo pretpostaviti da je stara Pec bila municipij i da se u dardansko-rimsko doba nazivala Siparant, odnosno Slparantum.}}</ref> The area has the most unearthed ] in all of Kosovo.<ref name="PakVrišer1980"/> | |||
Following Slavic settlements in the 6th century, the ] and the ] fought for control of the area until it finally fell under full ] rule. Between 1180 and 1190, Serbian Grand Prince ] annexed Peja with its surrounding '']'' (district) of ] from the Byzantine Empire, thus establishing Serbian rule over the city of Peja for next 300 years.<ref>{{citation|author1=John V. A. Fine|author2=John Van Antwerp Fine|title=The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QDFVUDmAIqIC|year=1994|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=978-0-472-08260-5|page=7}}</ref> In 1220, Serbian King ] donated Peja and several surrounding villages to his newly founded monastery of ].<ref> {{dead link|date=January 2016}}</ref> As Žiča was the seat of a Serbian archbishop, Peja came under direct rule of Serbian archbishops and later patriarchs who built their residences and numerous churches in the city starting with the church of Holy Apostles built by archbishop ]. After the Žiča monastery was burned by the ] in the 1290s, the seat of Serbian archbishop was transferred to a more secure location, the ].<ref name="Pavlowitch">{{cite book |last1=Pavlowitch |first1=Stevan |title=Serbia: The History Behind the Name |date=2002 |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers |location=London |isbn=9781850654773 |page=11}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=McAllester |first1=Matthew |title=Beyond the Mountains of the Damned: The War Inside Kosovo |date=2003 |publisher=NYU Press |location=New York and London |isbn=9780814756614 |page=52}}</ref> The city became a major religious center of ] under the Serbian Emperor ], who made it the seat of the ] in 1346.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vrousalis |first1=Nicholas |last2=Bechev |first2=Dimitar |last3=Anastasakis |first3=Othon |title=Greece in the Balkans Memory, Conflict and Exchange |date=2009 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |location=UK |isbn=9781527556652 |page=14}}</ref> It remained the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church until the abolition of the ] in 1766.<ref name="Orthodox2014">{{cite book |last1=Aleksov |first1=Bojan |title=CHAPTER 4. Orthodox Christianity and Nationalism in Nineteenth-Century Southeastern Europe |date=2014 |publisher=Fordham University Press |isbn=9780823256099 |pages=65–100 |doi=10.1515/9780823256099-005 |s2cid=234380509 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9780823256099-005/html |access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref> | |||
==== Ottoman Empire ==== | |||
{{See also|League of Peja|Kosovo Vilayet}} | |||
] | |||
Peja came under ] after its capture in 1455.<ref>{{cite book|title=Prilozi za orijentalnu filologiju: Revue de philologie orientale, Volume 37|year=1988|publisher=Orijentalni institut u Sarajevu|location=Sarajevo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c05pAAAAMAAJ|access-date=1 August 2011|page=174|quote=Poslije pada juznih dijelova Despotovine pod osmansku vlast 1455. godine, oba sjedista srpske patrijarsije, Peć i Ziča više nisu bili pod srpskom vlašću}}</ref> In Turkish, the town was known as ''İpek''. The town became the center of the ] (or Dukagjin), governed by the Albanian Mahmud Pasha Dukagjini as its first '']'' (lord).<ref>{{cite book|last=Altimari|first=Francesco|title=Albanci|year=1984|publisher=Cankarjeva založba|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HNJBAAAAYAAJ|author2=Janez Stanič|access-date=1 August 2011|page=41|language=sl|quote=Z zavzetjem Peči je bil ustanovjjen du- kagjinski sandžak s sedežem v Peči, za sandžakbega pa postavljen Mahmut paša Dukagjini.}}</ref> The Sanjak of Dukagjin had four '']s'': Peja, ], ] and ].<ref>{{cite book|last=Samardžić|first=Radovan|title=Istorija srpskog naroda: pt. 1. Od Berlinskog kongresa do ujedinjenja 1878–1918|year=1983|publisher=Srpska knjiiževna zadruga|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uHNpAAAAMAAJ|access-date=2 August 2011|page=264|quote=Пећки санџак је обухватао пећку, ђаковичку, гусињску и беранску (Доњи Васојевићи) казу.}}</ref> | |||
During the 15th and 16th centuries, Orthodox ] formed the majority of the region's population whereas ] formed a minority. The Slavs had arrived during the period of ] through the ] as colonists from Slavic regions north of ] or as a stratum of the ruling class. In the Ottoman defters of the time, there existed a designation for new arrivals to the region; in the region of Peja and Suhogërla, new arrivals existed within about a third of the villages, with their anthroponomy indicating that only 4 of these new 180 arrivals had Albanian names, whereas the rest had characteristically Slavic names. This suggests that an arrival of a Slavic element to the northeast of the ] occurred during the 15th-16th centuries, and the absence of this trend in the rest of the Sanjak of Shkodra indicates that these Slav populations hailed from Slavic-inhabited regions outside of Peja itself. In 1582, Ottoman cadastral records indicated that 23 villages in the Nahiya of Peja were inhabited by an Albanian majority due to the dominance of Albanian anthroponomy amongst its inhabitants; 85 villages had mixed Albanian-Slavic anthroponomy, and the rest contained almost exclusively Slavic anthroponomy. The villages with a certain Albanian majority were ''Osak (Usak), Kramor, Ljepovaç, Trakagjin, Strelec, Romaniça, Sredna Çirna Goi, Nivokas, Temshenica, Trepova pole, Novasel, Dobri Lipari, Boshanica, Brestovac, Baç (Beç), Tokina pole, Novasel (another Novasel), Dujak, Dobroshi i Madh, Vraniq, Mraç or Çirna Potok, Dolina Çirna Goi'' and ''Preloniça''. The documentation of Albanians in Peja at the end of the 15th centuries - which coincides with the very beginning of ] - presupposes that the Albanians of Peja were early inhabitants of the region.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pulaha |first1=Selami |title=Popullsia Shqiptare e Kosoves Gjate Shekujve XV XVI |date=1984 |publisher=8 Nëntori |location=Tirana |pages=68–69, 71|url=https://vdocuments.mx/179876370-s-pulaha-popullsia-shqiptare-e-kosoves-gjate-shekujve-xv-xvi.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pulaha |first1=Selami |title=Defter i Sanxhakut të Shkodrës 1485 |date=1974 |publisher=Academy of Sciences of Albania |pages=34, 40 |url=https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B3ma9plMXxAEZi1PZTVXMXV1NFE/edit}}</ref> By the 1582 ], the city of Peja itself had been significantly Islamised - several cases exist where Muslim inhabitants have a blend of Islamic and Albanian anthroponomy (such as the widespread Deda family - ''Rizvan Deda, Haxhi Deda, Ali Deda...''). The Muslim neighbourhoods include ''Xhamia Sherif, Sinan Vojvoda, Piri bej, Ahmed Bej, Hysein, Hasan Çelebi, Mustafa bej, Mahmud Kadi, Orman, Kapishniça, Mesxhidi Haxhi Mahmud, Bali bej'' and ''Çeribash''. The Christian neighbourhoods include ''Gjura Papuxhi, Nikolla (abandoned), Nikolla Vukman (abandoned), Andrija (abandoned)'' and ''Olivir''. The inhabitants of the two Christian neighbourhoods - ''Olivir'' and ''Gjura Papuxhi'' - had a blend of characteristically Albanian and Slavic/Orthodox anthroponomy.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pulaha |first1=Selami |title=Popullsia Shqiptare e Kosoves Gjate Shekujve XV XVI |date=1984 |publisher=8 Nëntori |location=Tirana |pages=504–507, 71|url=https://vdocuments.mx/179876370-s-pulaha-popullsia-shqiptare-e-kosoves-gjate-shekujve-xv-xvi.html}}</ref> | |||
During this period the town of Peja had a majority Muslim population, the Ottoman tax register from 1582 lists 158 households with only 15 being Christian.<ref>Rebels, Believers, Survivors - Malcolm p. 346</ref><ref>S. Pulaha, Popullsia shqiptare e Kosovés gjaté shekujve XV-XVI (studime dhe dokumente) (Tirana, 1983), pp. 476-7)</ref> Travelling Kosova in the 1660's, ] wrote that the town lay in 'Albania'.<ref>'At the base of the fortress flows the ..... river, which originates in the mountains of Peja (4) in Albania, joins the Llap river, and flows down until it joins the Morava. In these regions, this fortress is called Mitrovica of Kosova. There is also a fortress called Mitrovica of Srem, (5) but it is in ruins.'</ref> According to a report from 1681, the town had a majority of 1,000 Muslim Albanian households, and 100 Christian Serb households.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Malcolm |first1=Noel |title=Rebels, Believers, Survivors: Studies in the History of the Albanians |date=2020 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780192599230 |page=143 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ti7wDwAAQBAJ}}</ref> | |||
In 1835 the Albanian population supported by other Albanian rebels from Shkodra took over the town from the Ottomans.<ref name=Pollo1984p124>{{harvnb|Pollo|1984|p.124}}</ref> | |||
The Albanian nationalist organization ] established in 1899 was based in the city. The organization, led by ], adopted the character of the earlier ] to defend the rights of Ottoman Albanians and seek autonomous status within the empire. After an armed clash with Ottoman forces in 1900 the organization ended its operations.<ref>Bep Jubani et al., ''Historia e popullit shqiptar: për shkollat e mesme'' (Libri Shkollor: Pristina, 2002) 182-185.</ref>{{better source needed|date=December 2020}} | |||
=== Modern period === | |||
Ottoman rule came to an end in the ] of 1912–13, when ] took control of the city on 28 October 1912. On 8 January 1916, during ], ] took the city. Peja was taken by Serbian forces under the command of ] on 13 October 1918, taking approximately 2,000 Austro-Hungarian ].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tasić |first1=Dmitar |title=Paramilitarism in the Balkans: The Cases of Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Albania, 1917-1924 |date=2020 |publisher=] |location=United Kingdom |isbn=978-0-19-885832-4 |page=37}}</ref> After World War I, the city became part of ] (at first officially called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes). Between 1931 and 1941 the city was part of ]. | |||
] | |||
During ] Peja was occupied by the Italian puppet state of ]. Following Italy's capitulation in the last months of 1943, several hundred Serbs were massacred by Albanian paramilitaries in Peja and its vicinity.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Antonijević |first1=Nenad |title=Албански злочини над Србима на Косову и Метохији у Другом светском рату, документа |date=2009 |publisher=Muzej žrtava genocida |isbn=9788690632992 |page=42 |url=http://www.muzejgenocida.rs/images/izdanja/Antonijevic,%20Nenad,%20Albanski%20zlocini.pdf}}</ref> After the war, Peja again became part of ] as part of the ], an autonomous unit within the ]. | |||
Relations between ] and ], who were the majority population, were often tense during the 20th century. They came to a head in the ] of 1999, during which the city suffered heavy damage and mass killings.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mcgeary |first=Johanna |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,991342-1,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203000824/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,991342-1,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 3, 2008 |title=Crimes Of War |publisher=Time |date=1999-06-28 |access-date=2016-01-13}}</ref> The ] occurred in Peja, and the perpetrators of the massacre remained unknown until the Serbian government admitted that the massacre was a black operation carried out by Serbian intelligence operatives, although news agencies falsely reported that it was done by the KLA.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Everts |first=Daan W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mkrhDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT50 |title=Peacekeeping in Albania and Kosovo: Conflict Response and International Intervention in the Western Balkans, 1997 - 2002 |date=2020-06-25 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-83860-449-3 |language=en}}</ref> More than 80 percent of the total 5280 houses in the city were heavily damaged (1590) or destroyed (2774).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/2001/kosovo/undword-03.htm |title=UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo – 4. March-June 1999: An Overview |website=Hrw.org |access-date=2016-01-13}}</ref> It suffered further damage in violent inter-ethnic ]. | |||
== Geography == | |||
] near the city of Peja, in the region of ]]] | |||
Peja is located in western Kosovo near the ]. ] is a mountainous region entered through the north-west part of the city of Peja. It is the third region of ]. In 2013 it became a National Park. Rugova is known for its natural environment and access to the mountains. The city is located some {{convert|85|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} west of ], {{convert|250|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} north of ], ], {{convert|150|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} north-west of ], ], and some {{convert|180|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} east of ], ]. | |||
=== Hydrology === | |||
] flows through the city.]]The region of Peja is rich in water resources. The ] and ] rivers pass through the municipality of Peja.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft – Plani Zhvillimor Komunal i Pejës 2019 - 2027+ |url=https://kk.rks-gov.net/peje/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2019/08/Draft_PZHK_Peja_27062019.pdf}}</ref> | |||
=== Climate === | |||
Peja has an ] (Cfb) as of the ] with an average annual temperature of {{cvt|9.0|C}}.<ref name="Climate-data">{{cite web |publisher=Climate-Data |title=Climate: Prizren |url=https://en.climate-data.org/europe/republic-of-kosovo/peje/peje-912020/ |access-date=3 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003183049/https://en.climate-data.org/europe/republic-of-kosovo/peje/peje-912020/ |archive-date=3 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> The warmest month in Peja is August with an average temperature of {{cvt|19.7|C}}, while the coldest month is January with an average temperature of {{cvt|-1.9|C}}.<ref name="Climate-data"/> | |||
{{Weather box | |||
| width = auto | |||
| location = Peja (1961–1990) | |||
| metric first = y | |||
| single line = y | |||
| Jan record high C = 15.4 | |||
| Feb record high C = 22.6 | |||
| Mar record high C = 25.0 | |||
| Apr record high C = 28.0 | |||
| May record high C = 31.5 | |||
| Jun record high C = 35.8 | |||
| Jul record high C = 38.2 | |||
| Aug record high C = 35.9 | |||
| Sep record high C = 34.1 | |||
| Oct record high C = 28.3 | |||
| Nov record high C = 22.9 | |||
| Dec record high C = 18.9 | |||
| year record high C = 38.2 | |||
| Jan high C = 2.8 | |||
| Feb high C = 6.0 | |||
| Mar high C = 10.9 | |||
| Apr high C = 16.1 | |||
| May high C = 20.9 | |||
| Jun high C = 24.1 | |||
| Jul high C = 26.5 | |||
| Aug high C = 26.4 | |||
| Sep high C = 22.7 | |||
| Oct high C = 16.9 | |||
| Nov high C = 10.1 | |||
| Dec high C = 4.5 | |||
| year high C = 15.7 | |||
| Jan mean C = -0.5 | |||
| Feb mean C = 2.1 | |||
| Mar mean C = 6.4 | |||
| Apr mean C = 11.2 | |||
| May mean C = 15.9 | |||
| Jun mean C = 19.0 | |||
| Jul mean C = 21.1 | |||
| Aug mean C = 20.8 | |||
| Sep mean C = 17.2 | |||
| Oct mean C = 11.8 | |||
| Nov mean C = 5.9 | |||
| Dec mean C = 1.2 | |||
| year mean C = 11.1 | |||
| Jan low C = -3.6 | |||
| Feb low C = -1.5 | |||
| Mar low C = 2.0 | |||
| Apr low C = 6.1 | |||
| May low C = 10.3 | |||
| Jun low C = 13.3 | |||
| Jul low C = 15.0 | |||
| Aug low C = 14.8 | |||
| Sep low C = 11.5 | |||
| Oct low C = 6.8 | |||
| Nov low C = 2.3 | |||
| Dec low C = -1.8 | |||
| year low C = 6.3 | |||
| Jan record low C = -24.8 | |||
| Feb record low C = -19.3 | |||
| Mar record low C = -13.6 | |||
| Apr record low C = -3.8 | |||
| May record low C = 0.6 | |||
| Jun record low C = 3.5 | |||
| Jul record low C = 6.7 | |||
| Aug record low C = 5.2 | |||
| Sep record low C = -1.2 | |||
| Oct record low C = -4.8 | |||
| Nov record low C = -15.3 | |||
| Dec record low C = -15.2 | |||
| year record low C = -24.8 | |||
| precipitation colour = green | |||
| Jan precipitation mm = 85.9 | |||
| Feb precipitation mm = 71.5 | |||
| Mar precipitation mm = 65.2 | |||
| Apr precipitation mm = 67.2 | |||
| May precipitation mm = 68.2 | |||
| Jun precipitation mm = 53.0 | |||
| Jul precipitation mm = 54.7 | |||
| Aug precipitation mm = 48.0 | |||
| Sep precipitation mm = 52.1 | |||
| Oct precipitation mm = 75.3 | |||
| Nov precipitation mm = 118.2 | |||
| Dec precipitation mm = 91.4 | |||
| year precipitation mm = 850.7 | |||
| Jan humidity = 81 | |||
| Feb humidity = 75 | |||
| Mar humidity = 68 | |||
| Apr humidity = 63 | |||
| May humidity = 64 | |||
| Jun humidity = 64 | |||
| Jul humidity = 60 | |||
| Aug humidity = 60 | |||
| Sep humidity = 67 | |||
| Oct humidity = 73 | |||
| Nov humidity = 81 | |||
| Dec humidity = 83 | |||
| year humidity = 70 | |||
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm | |||
| Jan precipitation days = 12.0 | |||
| Feb precipitation days = 12.3 | |||
| Mar precipitation days = 11.3 | |||
| Apr precipitation days = 11.5 | |||
| May precipitation days = 13.0 | |||
| Jun precipitation days = 13.2 | |||
| Jul precipitation days = 9.9 | |||
| Aug precipitation days = 8.7 | |||
| Sep precipitation days = 8.1 | |||
| Oct precipitation days = 9.5 | |||
| Nov precipitation days = 12.3 | |||
| Dec precipitation days = 13.3 | |||
| year precipitation days = 135.1 | |||
| Jan snow days = 8.1 | |||
| Feb snow days = 6.0 | |||
| Mar snow days = 3.7 | |||
| Apr snow days = 0.6 | |||
| May snow days = 0.0 | |||
| Jun snow days = 0.0 | |||
| Jul snow days = 0.0 | |||
| Aug snow days = 0.0 | |||
| Sep snow days = 0.0 | |||
| Oct snow days = 0.1 | |||
| Nov snow days = 2.0 | |||
| Dec snow days = 6.5 | |||
| year snow days = 27.0 | |||
| Jan sun = 69.5 | |||
{{redirect|Ipek|places in Azerbaijan|İpək}} | |||
| Feb sun = 93.3 | |||
| Mar sun = 143.0 | |||
| Apr sun = 172.0 | |||
| May sun = 207.8 | |||
| Jun sun = 257.7 | |||
| Jul sun = 274.3 | |||
| Aug sun = 264.9 | |||
| Sep sun = 206.3 | |||
| Oct sun = 152.6 | |||
| Nov sun = 86.8 | |||
| Dec sun = 55.3 | |||
| year sun = 1983.5 | |||
| source = ]<ref>{{cite web |publisher=] |title=Peć: Monthly and annual means, maximum and minimum values of meteorological elements for the period 1961 - 1990 |url=http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/eng/meteorologija/stanica_sr.php?moss_id=13473 |access-date=3 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003183356/http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/eng/meteorologija/stanica_sr.php?moss_id=13473 |archive-date=3 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
{{Infobox Settlement<!--See Infobox Settlement for more fields -->| | |||
official_name = Peć / Пећ<br>Peja / Pejë| | |||
image_flag = | | |||
image_map = Pejë 2006.PNG| | |||
leader_name =Mr ] | | |||
leader_title = Mayor| | |||
area_total_km2 = 602| | |||
elevation_m = 550| | |||
population_total = ca. 170,000 (municipality)</br>ca. 82,300 (town)| | |||
population_footnotes =<ref name="OSCE profile Pec 2008"/>| | |||
population_as_of = 2009| | |||
population_density_km2 = | | |||
postal code= 30000 | | |||
|subdivision_type = | |||
|subdivision_name = | |||
|subdivision_type1 = District | |||
|subdivision_name1 = ] | |||
|subdivision_type2 = Municipality | |||
|subdivision_name2 = Municipality of Peć | |||
|timezone = ] |utc_offset =+1| | |||
website = | | |||
footnotes = | | |||
}} | }} | ||
== Politics == | |||
] | |||
].]] | |||
The municipality covers an area of {{convert|602|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, including the city of Peja and 95 villages; it is divided into 28 territorial communities.<ref name="OSCE profile Peja 2009"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606101953/http://www.osce.org/documents/html/pdftohtml/1197_en.pdf.html|date=June 6, 2011}}</ref> {{As of|2011}}, the whole municipality has a population of approximately 95,723,<ref name="OSCE profile Peja 2009"/> of which ca. 48,962 live in the city of Peja.<ref name="World Gazetteer">World Gazetteer: {{cite web |url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-4&srt=npan&col=adhoq&msz=1500&geo=-248 |title=Kosovo: largest cities and city and statistics of their population |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105165148/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-4&srt=npan&col=adhoq&msz=1500&geo=-248 |archive-date=2013-01-05 |url-status = dead}}. – Retrieved on 12 May 2011.</ref> | |||
'''Peć''' or '''Peja''' is a town and ] in north-western ], and the administrative centre of the ]. | |||
== Economy == | |||
The ] name of the city is ''Peć'' (Пећ); the ] name's definite form is ''Peja'' and the indefinite one ''Pejë''. Other names of the city include the ] ''Pescium'' and ''Siparantum'', the ] ''Episkion'' (Επισκιον), the ] ''Ipek'' or ''İpek'', and the formerly used form ''Pentza''. | |||
=== Tourism === | |||
The municipality covers an area of {{convert|602|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, including the town of Peć and 95 villages; it is divided into 28 territorial | |||
communities. As of 2009, the whole municipality has a population of approximately 170,000, of which ca. 82,300 live in the town of Peć.<ref name="OSCE profile Pec 2008">] , March 2009. – Retrieved on 14 May 2009.</ref><ref name="World Gazetteer">World Gazetteer: . – Retrieved on 12 May 2009.</ref> | |||
Peja is rapidly developing a significant tourist infrastructure. Information for the "Trail of Cultural Monuments" can be found at the Tourist Information Office as well as maps and attractions in the ] and surrounding mountains. | |||
==History== | |||
The city is located in a strategic position on the ] river, a tributary of the ] to the east of the ]. The city was known as ''Pescium'' during the ] era; or as reported by ] in his '']'', ''Siparantum''. | |||
Skiing is available at the ] in ] nearby. One of the most exciting new attractions is the Peak of the Balkans trail. The trail wanders through 3 countries with mountain views and can be supported by local guides and tour companies.{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}} ] is a township located in the municipality of ], ]. To many people it is known with the name Ilixhe. It is a touristic-health center with services in Istog and in the region, highly developed infrastructure and every service needed for healthy living.<ref name="kk.rks-gov.net">{{cite web |url=http://kk.rks-gov.net/istog/getattachment/465e4c68-103a-4b53-ba3b-9ec119266d53/Plani-zhvillimor-i-sub-qendres-BANJE-pdf.aspx |format=PDF |title=PLANI ZHVILLIMOR URBAN I SUB QENDRËS—BANJË |website=Kk.krs-gov.net |access-date=2016-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054723/http://kk.rks-gov.net/istog/getattachment/465e4c68-103a-4b53-ba3b-9ec119266d53/Plani-zhvillimor-i-sub-qendres-BANJE-pdf.aspx |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status = dead}}</ref> The cite has seen a bloom of tourism with a new Zip Line, and two ], built between 2013 and 2016. In the city there are a number of tour operators that function, with , being the main one with a full palette of services. | |||
The town became a major religious center of ] under the Serbian Tsar ], who made it the seat of the ] in 1346. It retained this status until 1766, when the ] was abolished. Today, Peć holds the Patriarchate of Serbia. The town and its surrounding area are still revered by adherents of Serbian Orthodoxy; the town is the site of the patriarchal monastery, which stands above the town and consists of four fresco-decorated churches, a library, and a treasury. The 14th century ], a ] ], lies about {{convert|19|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} south, in nearby ]. | |||
In close proximity to the city of Peja lie the ] and the ]. Both are located in the ] and are natural tourist attractions. | |||
Peć was captured by the ] in the late 14th century, and underwent major changes under their rule, including a change of name to ''Ipek''. The town was settled by a large number of ], many of whose descendants still live in the area, and took on a distinctly oriental character with narrow streets and old-style Turkish houses. It also gained an ]ic character with the construction of a number of ]s, many of which still survive. One of these is the ], built by the Ottomans in the 15th century and located in the center of the city. | |||
{{Multiple image | |||
The five centuries of Ottoman rule came to an end in the ] of 1912-1913, when ] took control of the town. In the late 1915, during ], ] took the city. Peć was retaken in October 1918. After World War I, the city became part of the ]. Between 1931 and 1941 the city was part of ]. During the ] Peć was occupied by ]. After World War II, Peć became part of ] as part of the ]. | |||
| image1 = Burimi i Drinit të Bardhë, Pejë.jpg | |||
| image2 = Radavc Shpella.jpg | |||
| caption1 = The ] is considered to be the source of ] river. | |||
| image3 = BogëKosovë.jpg | |||
| caption3 = Ski center in ], ]. The region of Rugova is well known for its ski resorts. | |||
| caption2 = ] is one of the few caves in Kosovo. | |||
| direction = horizontal | |||
| total_width = 750 | |||
| align = center | |||
| width = | |||
| caption_align = center | |||
}} | |||
== Infrastructure == | |||
Relations between ] and ], who were the majority population, were often tense during the 20th century. They came to a head in the ] of 1999, during which the city suffered heavy damage and mass killings.<ref>, '']'', June 28, 1999</ref>. It suffered further damage in violent inter-ethnic ] in 2004. | |||
== |
=== Education === | ||
{{Main|Education in Peja}} | |||
Education in Peja is a system with no tuition or fees, mandatory for all children between the ages of 6–18. It consists of a nine-year basic comprehensive school (starting at age six and ending at the age of fifteen) secondary general and professional education commonly known as high school and higher education at ]. It also includes non-mandatory daycare programs for babies and toddlers and a one-year "preschool". The school year runs from early September to late June of the following year. Winter break runs from late December to early January, dividing the school year into two semesters. Peja is the only city in Kosovo that offers high school education in arts and there is also a ]. | |||
The economy was inevitably badly affected by the war, but historically it has centered on agricultural activities and craftworks produced by the city's traditional craftsmen – coppersmiths, goldsmiths, slipper makers, leather tanners, saddle makers, etc. | |||
The most influential business family is "DEVOLLI" family which are one of the richest in Peć. | |||
== Demography == | |||
==Touristic Places== | |||
{{Main|Demographics of Peja}} | |||
{{Historical populations | |||
Peć has beautiful, if undeveloped touristic places, including ] and skiing is possible in the mountains nearby. | |||
| type = | |||
| percentages = pagr | |||
|1948|47009 |1953|53548 |1961|66656 |1971|90124 |1981|111071 |1991|127796 |2011|96450 |2024|82,661| source = | |||
}} | |||
The ] estimated the population of the municipality of Peja at 96,450 in 2011.<ref name="2011 census">{{cite web |publisher=Agjencia e Statistikave të Kosovës (ASK) |title=Estimation of Kosovo population 2011 |url=https://ask.rks-gov.net/media/2129/estimation-of-kosovo-population-2011.pdf |access-date=20 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920093039/https://ask.rks-gov.net/media/2129/estimation-of-kosovo-population-2011.pdf |archive-date=20 September 2020 |location=Pristina |page=30 |date=February 2013}}</ref> | |||
==Demographics== | |||
According to the 1981 census, the city urban area had a population of 54,497 inhabitants; according to the 1991 census it had grown to 68,163.<ref name="World Gazetteer" /> According to the 2011 census, around 49,000 people live in the city of Peja.<ref name="World Gazetteer" /> | |||
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" width="98%" style="clear:all; margin:5px 0 0em 0em; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:85%; empty-cells:show" | |||
|colspan="14" align=center style="background:#778899; color:white"|'''Ethnic Composition | |||
The population is predominantly ], comprising 91.22% of the residents. The largest minority group consists of ], making up 3.59% of the population. Additionally, ] account for 2.32%, ] for 1.07%, and the remaining residents are ], ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=TË DHËNAT DEMOGRAFIKE SIPAS KOMUNAVE |url=http://ask.rks-gov.net/rekos2011/repository/docs/Te%20dhenat%20kryesore%20demografike%20sipas%20komunave.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081103/http://ask.rks-gov.net/rekos2011/repository/docs/Te%20dhenat%20kryesore%20demografike%20sipas%20komunave.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> | |||
The ethnic composition of the municipality: | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:88%" | |||
|+ Ethnic Composition in the municipality | |||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="#FFEBCD" | |||
!Year/Population | !Year/Population | ||
!Albanians | !Albanians | ||
Line 70: | Line 334: | ||
!Montenegrins | !Montenegrins | ||
! % | ! % | ||
!Roma (Ashkali, Egyptians) | |||
!Roma | |||
! % | ! % | ||
!Bosniaks | !Bosniaks | ||
Line 77: | Line 341: | ||
! % | ! % | ||
!Total | !Total | ||
|- bgcolor="#fffaf0" | |||
|1961 Census ||41,532 ||62.35 ||8,852 || ||12,701 || ||728 || ||1,397 ||2.1 || || ||66,656 | |||
|- bgcolor="#f5f5f5" | |||
|1971 Census ||63,193 ||70.12 ||9,298 || ||11,306 || ||433 || ||5,203 || || || ||90,124 | |||
|- bgcolor="#fffaf0" | |||
|1981 Census ||79,965 ||71.99 ||7,995 || ||9,796 || ||3,844 ||3.46 ||8,739 || || || ||111,071 | |||
|- bgcolor="#f5f5f5" | |||
|1991 Census ||96,441|| 75.5 ||7,815 || ||6,960 || ||4,442|| 3.5 ||9,875 || || || ||127,796 | |||
|- bgcolor="#fffaf0" | |||
|January 1999 ||104,600|| ||950|| |||| || 3,500-4,000|| || || ||4,000-4,200|| ||113,000 | |||
|- bgcolor="#f5f5f5" | |||
|Estimate figures May 2006 ||78,712||86.3||1000|| 1.2 ||1,800|| 1.9 ||4,500 ||4.9 ||5000 ||5.4|| || ||91,112 | |||
|- bgcolor="#f5f5f5" | |||
|- | |- | ||
|1961 Census ||41,532 ||62.35 ||8,852 ||13.28 ||12,701 ||19.05 ||728 ||1.09 ||1,397 ||2.1 || || ||66,656 | |||
|colspan="14" align=center style="background:#dcdcdc;"|<small>Source: Yugoslav Population Censuses for data through 1991, ] estimates for data from 1999 and 2006</small> | |||
|- style="background:#f5f5f5;" | |||
|1971 Census ||63,193 ||70.12 ||9,298 ||10.31 ||11,306 ||12.54 ||433 ||0.48 ||5,203 ||5.77 || || ||90,124 | |||
|- | |||
|1981 Census ||79,965 ||71.99 ||7,995 ||7.2 ||9,796 ||8.82 ||3,844 ||3.46 ||8,739 ||7.86 || || ||111,071 | |||
|- style="background:#f5f5f5;" | |||
|1991 Census ||96,441 || 75.5 ||7,815 ||6.11 ||6,960 ||5.44 ||4,442|| 3.5 ||9,875 ||7.72 || || ||127,796 | |||
|- | |||
|January 1999 ||~104,600 ||~92 ||n/a ||n/a ||n/a ||n/a ||~3,500–4,000 ||~3.3 ||n/a ||n/a ||~4,000–4,200||~3.6 ||~113,000 | |||
|- style="background:#f5f5f5;" | |||
| 2011 Census ||87,975 ||91.2 ||332 || 0.4 || || ||3,836 ||3.9 ||3,786 ||3.9|| 521 ||0.5 ||96,450 | |||
|- | |||
|2024 Census | |||
|75,479 | |||
|91.2 | |||
|813 | |||
|0.98 | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|3,114 | |||
|3.76 | |||
|2,974 | |||
|3.59 | |||
|365 | |||
|0.44 | |||
|82,745 | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="14" style="font-size:88%;text-align:center;" | Source: Yugoslav Population Censuses for data through 1991, ] estimates for data from 1999, 2011 and 2024 census from Kosovo Republic.<ref name="OSCE profile Peja 2009" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://esk.rks-gov.net/rekos2011/?cid=1,92 |title=Agjencia e Statistikave të Kosovës - Â |publisher=Esk.rks-gov.net |access-date=2016-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125230339/http://esk.rks-gov.net/rekos2011/?cid=1,92 |archive-date=2013-11-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Culture == | |||
According to the 1981 census, the town had a population of 54,497; according to the 1991 census it had grown to 68,163.<ref name="World Gazetteer"/> In 2003 the town had a population of 81,800.{{Fact|date=June 2007}} | |||
=== Architecture === | |||
As of 2008 the whole municipality has a population of approximately 170,000,<ref name="OSCE profile Pec 2008"/> of which as of 2009 ca. 82,300 live in the town of Peć.<ref name="World Gazetteer"/> | |||
The architecture in Peja show different architectural styles, from the ], ], Yugoslav, and contemporary architecture. Because of this there are many churches, mosques, buildings which are attraction points in the city and were built by the aforementioned influences. | |||
The vast majority of the inhabitants are ], but there is also a large minority community. Most ] live in the village ] of ], with a population of approximately 850. There is also a large ] community in the town of Peć and in Vitomirica, while significant ], ] and ] communities reside in urban and rural areas.<ref>] , April 2008. – Source: Municipal Communities Officer. – Retrieved on 12 November 2008.</ref> | |||
Notable architectural traits of Peja include: | |||
==Sport== | |||
*Home of Tahir Beg, dates back to the 18th century and is a monument of cultural heritage in Peja, Kosovo. The Ethnographic Museum of Peja is currently located in Tahir Beg's Mansion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Muzeu i Pejës artefakte vepra artizanale në Muzeun Etnografik |url=https://www.atdheu.com/muzeu-pejes.html |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=www.atdheu.com}}</ref> | |||
Peć is one of the more successful cities in Kosovan sport leagues. Its premier football team is ], its basketball teams are ] and ]. Both of them are active in the ]. KB Peja is the older and more established basketball team. Additionally the city is host to a handball team, ], a volleyball team ], a judo team ], as well as a women's basketball team ]. Since June 2008 Peć has also a Taekwondo Team: ] (''Klubi i Tae Kwon Do-së Peja'').<ref>http://www.tkd-peja.tk</ref> | |||
*], Ottoman-built mosque in the Bazaar of Peja. It was destroyed during World War II and then rebuilt. | |||
*], Ottoman-era bath | |||
*], Ottoman-era market in the center of the city. It was destroyed during World War II and the Kosovo War. It has been fully rebuilt. | |||
{{Multiple image | |||
==See also== | |||
| image1 = Muzeu etnologjik (Konaku i Tahir Beut), Pejë 4.jpg | |||
* ] | |||
| image2 = Bajrakli Xhami.JPG | |||
| caption1 = Home of Tahir Beg in Peja is today an ethnological museum. | |||
| image3 = Turkish public bath.JPG | |||
| caption3 = The ] is an Ottoman bath built in the 15th century. | |||
| caption2 = The ] is the main mosque situated in the center of the Bazaar of Peja and it was built in 1471. | |||
| direction = horizontal | |||
| total_width = 1000 | |||
| align = center | |||
| width = | |||
| caption_align = center | |||
| image4 = Qarshia e gjate.JPG | |||
| caption4 = ] is a market place in the center of the city of Peja. | |||
}} | |||
== |
=== Cinema === | ||
{{reflist}} | |||
Peja has one local cinema, Kinema Jusuf Gërvalla, which also functions as a cultural center. It was built in 1955 with money of the Workers’ Union. Back then, the cinema was called 'Kino Rad' ('Workers' Cinema'). Its goals was to provide a cultural space in the city of Peja. During the period 1955-1998 it served as a central point of joint cultural activities for the residents of Peja. Activities included screenings of the latest films, public discussions, music concerts, theatrical performances and children's programs. The cinema was closed down when the war started in 1998 and was heavily damaged in the years after, just like the rest of Peja. In 2000, the building was renovated and partly reconstructed. In 2001, the cinema was reopened, with its name changed to ‘Kinema Jusuf Gërvalla’ in 2002. However, activities became more sporadic, due to technical difficulties and lack of public interest.<ref name="Bioskopi">{{Cite web|url=https://anibar.org/cinema/bioskopi/|title = Bioskopi}}</ref> | |||
== External links == | |||
* | |||
<br clear=all> | |||
In 2016, by a municipal decision, the cinema with all its assets was given to the non-governmental organization ], which since 2010 organized the Anibar International Animation Festival in the cinema. The goal was to revitalize Kinema Jusuf Gërvalla. But later that year the Privatization Agency of Kosovo put the building on the list of buildings for privatization, which meant it would lose its public function. However, backlash emerged against the idea of taking this important historic and cultural site from the local community. The protests secured Kinema Jusuf Gërvalla a spot on the temporary list of protected cultural heritage buildings in Kosovo.<ref name="Bioskopi" /> Currently, Kinema Jusuf Gërvalla is functioning as a cultural center which hosts movie screenings, musical performances, poetry nights, board game nights, and more. It also offers guided tours, which introduces you to the rich history of the cinema. | |||
{{Kosovo municipalities}} | |||
] | |||
{{coord|42|40|N|20|18|E|display=title|region:RS_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}} | |||
=== Festivals === | |||
{{Main|Events and festivals in Peja}} | |||
*] | |||
=== Sport === | |||
Peja is one of the more successful cities in Kosovan sport.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}} The city is home to the first Olympic Medal for Kosovo, won by Judoka ] in ] in 2016. Her team also has won numerous other medals including gold and bronze in the World and European championships. | |||
The main football team of the city is ] and its basketball teams is ]. Additionally the city is host to a handball team, KH Besa Famiglia, a volleyball team KV Besa, a judo team ], an athletic team Besa, as well as a women's basketball team KB Penza. Since June 2008 Peja has also a Taekwondo Team: Tae Kwon Do Club Peja (''Klubi i Tae Kwon Do-së Peja'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tkd-peja.tk/ |title=TKD-peja.tk |access-date=2020-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126221343/http://www.tkd-peja.tk/ |archive-date=2018-11-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
Peja has its ] called "Aeroklub Peja", which was founded in 1948. Last years this club is part of competitions in several countries. In June 2013 it was the organizer of "second Paragliding event" which included paragliders from Kosovo and ].<ref>{{webarchive|date=13 Feb 2016|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213204723/http://www.aeroclubalbania.com/newsfeed/peja-aeroclub-kosovo-organizes-the-second-paragliding-event}}</ref> In 2014 it was the organizer of an international contest called "Peja open PARAGLIDING CUP 2014".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gazetalokale.com/aeroklub-peja-organizon-peja-open-paragliding-cup-2014/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140612021517/http://gazetalokale.com/aeroklub-peja-organizon-peja-open-paragliding-cup-2014/ |url-status = dead|archive-date=2014-06-12 |title=Aeroklub Peja organizon "Peja open PARAGLIDING CUP 2014" |publisher=Gazeta Lokale |date=2014-06-15 |access-date=2016-01-13 }}</ref> | |||
{{Clear}} | |||
== International relations == | |||
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Kosovo}} | |||
Peja is ] with: | |||
{{div col|colwidth=20em}} | |||
*{{flagicon|TUR}} ], Turkey<ref>{{cite web |title=Kardeş Şehir Hamm|url=https://www.afyon.bel.tr/icerikdetay/269/319/kardes-sehir-hamm.aspx|website=afyon.bel.tr|publisher=Afyonkarahisar|language=tr|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> | |||
*{{flagicon|TUR}} ], Turkey<ref>{{cite web |title=Kardeş Belediyeler|url=http://www.bagcilar.bel.tr/kardesbelediyeler|website=bagcilar.bel.tr|publisher=Bağcılar|language=tr|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> | |||
*{{flagicon|MNE}} ], Montenegro<ref>{{cite web |title=Међународна сарадња|url=https://berane.me/bratimljenje/|website=berane.me|publisher=Berane|language=cnr|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> | |||
*{{flagicon|HUN}} ], Hungary<ref>Kosovo in Hungary (October 27, 2022) ''Twitter.com''</ref> | |||
*{{flagicon|ALB}} ], Albania<ref>{{cite web|title=Binjakezim|url=http://bashkiafier.gov.al/sq-al/Bashkia/Pages/Binjakezime.aspx|website=bashkiafier.gov.al|publisher=Fier|language=sq|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=3 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703103219/http://bashkiafier.gov.al/sq-al/Bashkia/Pages/Binjakezime.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
*{{flagicon|MNE}} ], Montenegro<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 September 2018|title=Marrëveshja për Binjakëzim|trans-title=Twinning Agreement|url=https://kk.rks-gov.net/peje/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/10/Vendim-Nr.58-2018.pdf|language=sq}}</ref> | |||
*{{flagicon|SWE}} ], Sweden<ref>{{cite web |title=Vänorter och projekt|url=https://www.horby.se/kommun-och-politik/vanorter-och-projekt/|website=horby.se|publisher=Hörby kommun|language=sv|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> | |||
*{{flagicon|USA}} ], United States<ref>{{cite web |title=Kosovo Sister City – Peja, Kosovo|url=https://www.cityofjohnston.com/763/Kosovo-Sister-City|website=cityofjohnston.com|publisher=City of Johnston|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> | |||
*{{flagicon|TUR}} ], Turkey<ref>{{cite web |title=Kardeş Kentler|url=http://www.nilufer.bel.tr/icerik-96-kardes_kentler|website=nilufer.bel.tr|publisher=Nilüfer|language=tr|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> | |||
*{{flagicon|BIH}} ], Bosnia and Herzegovina<ref>{{cite web|title=Općine prijatelji|url=http://starigrad.ba/v2/txt.php?id=98&naslov=Op%C4%87ine%20prijatelji|website=starigrad.ba|publisher=Stari Grad|language=bs|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=15 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515161512/http://starigrad.ba/v2/txt.php?id=98&naslov=Op%C4%87ine%20prijatelji|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
*{{flagicon|TUR}} ], Turkey<ref>{{cite web |title=Kardeş Şehirler|url=http://www.yalova.bel.tr/belediyemiz/kardes-sehirler|website=yalova.bel.tr|publisher=Yalova|language=tr|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> | |||
{{div col end}} | |||
== See also == | |||
*] | |||
== Notes == | |||
{{Notelist}} | |||
== References == | |||
{{Reflist}} | |||
== External links == | |||
{{Sister project links|voy=Peja|collapsible=collapsed}} | |||
*{{spaced ndash}}Official Website | |||
{{Kosovo municipalities|state=collapsed}} | |||
] | |||
{{Authority control}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Peja}} | |||
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Latest revision as of 01:20, 4 January 2025
Fourth largest city of Kosovo This article is about the city in Kosovo. For other uses, see Peja.
This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2022) |
Peja Peć | |
---|---|
City and municipality | |
View of PejaEthnographic MuseumCity's Center | |
FlagSeal | |
Peja PećShow map of KosovoPeja PećShow map of Europe | |
Coordinates: 42°39′37″N 20°17′30″E / 42.66028°N 20.29167°E / 42.66028; 20.29167 | |
Country | Kosovo |
District | Peja |
Municipality | Peja |
Government | |
• Type | Mayor–council |
• Mayor | Gazmend Muhaxheri (LDK) |
• Council | Peja Municipal Council |
Area | |
• Municipality | 602.63 km (232.68 sq mi) |
• Rank | 3rd in Kosovo |
Elevation | 516 m (1,693 ft) |
Population | |
• Municipality | 82,661 |
• Rank | 5th in Kosovo |
• Density | 140/km (360/sq mi) |
• Ethnicity | |
Demonym(s) | Albanian: Pejan (m), Pejane (f) |
Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
Postal code | 30000 |
Area code | +383 (0) 39 |
Vehicle registration | 03 |
Website | kk.rks-gov.net/peje/ |
Peja or Peć, is the fourth most populous city in Kosovo and serves as the seat of the Peja Municipality and the District of Peja. It is located in the Rugova region on the eastern section of the Accursed Mountains along the Peja's Lumbardh in the western part of Kosovo.
In medieval times, the city was under Byzantine, Bulgarian and Serbian rule. After its integration into Serbian territory, it became the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church in 1346. The Patriarchal monastery of Peć is a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Medieval Monuments in Kosovo. Under Ottoman rule the city became a district capital with mosques and civil architecture. From the end of the nineteenth century until today, the city has been the site of nationalist aspirations and claims for both ethnic Albanians and Serbs, often resulting in tense inter-ethnic relations and conflict.
According to the 2011 census, the city of Peja has 48,962 inhabitants, while the municipality has 96,450 inhabitants. The municipality covers an area of 602 km (232 sq mi), including the city of Peja and 95 villages; it is divided into 28 territorial communities.
Etymology
The etymology of the city's name is derived from the South Slavic word for cave, Pećina. The connection is in reference to nearby caves to the city. During the period of Ottoman rule, it was known as Ottoman Turkish İpek (ايپك). The Albanian name's definite form is Peja and the indefinite Pejë. The Serbian name for the city is Peć. Other names of the city include Latin Pescium and Greek Episkion (Επισκιον) meaning "Episcopal City". It was also known as Siparant.
History
Early development
The city is located in a strategic position on Peja's Lumbardh, a tributary of the White Drin to the east of the Accursed Mountains. The medieval city was possibly built on the ruins of Siparant(um), a Roman municipium (town or city). The area has the most unearthed stelae in all of Kosovo.
Following Slavic settlements in the 6th century, the Byzantine Empire and the First Bulgarian Empire fought for control of the area until it finally fell under full Serbian rule. Between 1180 and 1190, Serbian Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja annexed Peja with its surrounding župa (district) of Hvosno from the Byzantine Empire, thus establishing Serbian rule over the city of Peja for next 300 years. In 1220, Serbian King Stefan Nemanjić donated Peja and several surrounding villages to his newly founded monastery of Žiča. As Žiča was the seat of a Serbian archbishop, Peja came under direct rule of Serbian archbishops and later patriarchs who built their residences and numerous churches in the city starting with the church of Holy Apostles built by archbishop Saint Arsenije I Sremac. After the Žiča monastery was burned by the Cumans in the 1290s, the seat of Serbian archbishop was transferred to a more secure location, the Patriarchal Monastery of Peć. The city became a major religious center of medieval Serbia under the Serbian Emperor Stefan Dušan, who made it the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church in 1346. It remained the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church until the abolition of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć in 1766.
Ottoman Empire
See also: League of Peja and Kosovo VilayetPeja came under Ottoman rule after its capture in 1455. In Turkish, the town was known as İpek. The town became the center of the Sanjak of İpek (or Dukagjin), governed by the Albanian Mahmud Pasha Dukagjini as its first sanjakbey (lord). The Sanjak of Dukagjin had four kazas: Peja, Gjakova, Gusinje and Berane.
During the 15th and 16th centuries, Orthodox Albanians formed the majority of the region's population whereas Slavs formed a minority. The Slavs had arrived during the period of Serbian rule in Kosovo through the Middle Ages as colonists from Slavic regions north of Kosovo or as a stratum of the ruling class. In the Ottoman defters of the time, there existed a designation for new arrivals to the region; in the region of Peja and Suhogërla, new arrivals existed within about a third of the villages, with their anthroponomy indicating that only 4 of these new 180 arrivals had Albanian names, whereas the rest had characteristically Slavic names. This suggests that an arrival of a Slavic element to the northeast of the Sanjak of Shkodra occurred during the 15th-16th centuries, and the absence of this trend in the rest of the Sanjak of Shkodra indicates that these Slav populations hailed from Slavic-inhabited regions outside of Peja itself. In 1582, Ottoman cadastral records indicated that 23 villages in the Nahiya of Peja were inhabited by an Albanian majority due to the dominance of Albanian anthroponomy amongst its inhabitants; 85 villages had mixed Albanian-Slavic anthroponomy, and the rest contained almost exclusively Slavic anthroponomy. The villages with a certain Albanian majority were Osak (Usak), Kramor, Ljepovaç, Trakagjin, Strelec, Romaniça, Sredna Çirna Goi, Nivokas, Temshenica, Trepova pole, Novasel, Dobri Lipari, Boshanica, Brestovac, Baç (Beç), Tokina pole, Novasel (another Novasel), Dujak, Dobroshi i Madh, Vraniq, Mraç or Çirna Potok, Dolina Çirna Goi and Preloniça. The documentation of Albanians in Peja at the end of the 15th centuries - which coincides with the very beginning of Ottoman rule in Kosovo - presupposes that the Albanians of Peja were early inhabitants of the region. By the 1582 Defter, the city of Peja itself had been significantly Islamised - several cases exist where Muslim inhabitants have a blend of Islamic and Albanian anthroponomy (such as the widespread Deda family - Rizvan Deda, Haxhi Deda, Ali Deda...). The Muslim neighbourhoods include Xhamia Sherif, Sinan Vojvoda, Piri bej, Ahmed Bej, Hysein, Hasan Çelebi, Mustafa bej, Mahmud Kadi, Orman, Kapishniça, Mesxhidi Haxhi Mahmud, Bali bej and Çeribash. The Christian neighbourhoods include Gjura Papuxhi, Nikolla (abandoned), Nikolla Vukman (abandoned), Andrija (abandoned) and Olivir. The inhabitants of the two Christian neighbourhoods - Olivir and Gjura Papuxhi - had a blend of characteristically Albanian and Slavic/Orthodox anthroponomy.
During this period the town of Peja had a majority Muslim population, the Ottoman tax register from 1582 lists 158 households with only 15 being Christian. Travelling Kosova in the 1660's, Evliya Celebi wrote that the town lay in 'Albania'. According to a report from 1681, the town had a majority of 1,000 Muslim Albanian households, and 100 Christian Serb households.
In 1835 the Albanian population supported by other Albanian rebels from Shkodra took over the town from the Ottomans.
The Albanian nationalist organization League of Peja established in 1899 was based in the city. The organization, led by Haxhi Zeka, adopted the character of the earlier League of Prizren to defend the rights of Ottoman Albanians and seek autonomous status within the empire. After an armed clash with Ottoman forces in 1900 the organization ended its operations.
Modern period
Ottoman rule came to an end in the First Balkan War of 1912–13, when Montenegro took control of the city on 28 October 1912. On 8 January 1916, during World War I, Austria-Hungary took the city. Peja was taken by Serbian forces under the command of Kosta Pećanac on 13 October 1918, taking approximately 2,000 Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war. After World War I, the city became part of Yugoslavia (at first officially called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes). Between 1931 and 1941 the city was part of Zeta Banovina.
During World War II Peja was occupied by the Italian puppet state of Albania. Following Italy's capitulation in the last months of 1943, several hundred Serbs were massacred by Albanian paramilitaries in Peja and its vicinity. After the war, Peja again became part of Yugoslavia as part of the Autonomous Region of Kosovo and Metohija (1945–1963), an autonomous unit within the Socialist Republic of Serbia.
Relations between Serbs and Albanians, who were the majority population, were often tense during the 20th century. They came to a head in the Kosovo War of 1999, during which the city suffered heavy damage and mass killings. The Panda Bar massacre occurred in Peja, and the perpetrators of the massacre remained unknown until the Serbian government admitted that the massacre was a black operation carried out by Serbian intelligence operatives, although news agencies falsely reported that it was done by the KLA. More than 80 percent of the total 5280 houses in the city were heavily damaged (1590) or destroyed (2774). It suffered further damage in violent inter-ethnic unrest in 2004.
Geography
Peja is located in western Kosovo near the Rugova Canyon or Gorge. Rugova is a mountainous region entered through the north-west part of the city of Peja. It is the third region of Accursed Mountains. In 2013 it became a National Park. Rugova is known for its natural environment and access to the mountains. The city is located some 85 km (53 mi) west of Pristina, 250 km (155 mi) north of Tirana, Albania, 150 km (93 mi) north-west of Skopje, North Macedonia, and some 180 km (112 mi) east of Podgorica, Montenegro.
Hydrology
The region of Peja is rich in water resources. The White Drin and Lumbardhi i Pejës rivers pass through the municipality of Peja.
Climate
Peja has an Oceanic climate (Cfb) as of the Köppen climate classification with an average annual temperature of 9.0 °C (48.2 °F). The warmest month in Peja is August with an average temperature of 19.7 °C (67.5 °F), while the coldest month is January with an average temperature of −1.9 °C (28.6 °F).
Climate data for Peja (1961–1990) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 15.4 (59.7) |
22.6 (72.7) |
25.0 (77.0) |
28.0 (82.4) |
31.5 (88.7) |
35.8 (96.4) |
38.2 (100.8) |
35.9 (96.6) |
34.1 (93.4) |
28.3 (82.9) |
22.9 (73.2) |
18.9 (66.0) |
38.2 (100.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) |
6.0 (42.8) |
10.9 (51.6) |
16.1 (61.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
24.1 (75.4) |
26.5 (79.7) |
26.4 (79.5) |
22.7 (72.9) |
16.9 (62.4) |
10.1 (50.2) |
4.5 (40.1) |
15.7 (60.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.5 (31.1) |
2.1 (35.8) |
6.4 (43.5) |
11.2 (52.2) |
15.9 (60.6) |
19.0 (66.2) |
21.1 (70.0) |
20.8 (69.4) |
17.2 (63.0) |
11.8 (53.2) |
5.9 (42.6) |
1.2 (34.2) |
11.1 (52.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.6 (25.5) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
2.0 (35.6) |
6.1 (43.0) |
10.3 (50.5) |
13.3 (55.9) |
15.0 (59.0) |
14.8 (58.6) |
11.5 (52.7) |
6.8 (44.2) |
2.3 (36.1) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
6.3 (43.3) |
Record low °C (°F) | −24.8 (−12.6) |
−19.3 (−2.7) |
−13.6 (7.5) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
0.6 (33.1) |
3.5 (38.3) |
6.7 (44.1) |
5.2 (41.4) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
−15.3 (4.5) |
−15.2 (4.6) |
−24.8 (−12.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 85.9 (3.38) |
71.5 (2.81) |
65.2 (2.57) |
67.2 (2.65) |
68.2 (2.69) |
53.0 (2.09) |
54.7 (2.15) |
48.0 (1.89) |
52.1 (2.05) |
75.3 (2.96) |
118.2 (4.65) |
91.4 (3.60) |
850.7 (33.49) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 12.0 | 12.3 | 11.3 | 11.5 | 13.0 | 13.2 | 9.9 | 8.7 | 8.1 | 9.5 | 12.3 | 13.3 | 135.1 |
Average snowy days | 8.1 | 6.0 | 3.7 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2.0 | 6.5 | 27.0 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 81 | 75 | 68 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 60 | 60 | 67 | 73 | 81 | 83 | 70 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 69.5 | 93.3 | 143.0 | 172.0 | 207.8 | 257.7 | 274.3 | 264.9 | 206.3 | 152.6 | 86.8 | 55.3 | 1,983.5 |
Source: Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia |
Politics
The municipality covers an area of 602 km (232 sq mi), including the city of Peja and 95 villages; it is divided into 28 territorial communities. As of 2011, the whole municipality has a population of approximately 95,723, of which ca. 48,962 live in the city of Peja.
Economy
Tourism
Peja is rapidly developing a significant tourist infrastructure. Information for the "Trail of Cultural Monuments" can be found at the Tourist Information Office as well as maps and attractions in the Rugova Canyon and surrounding mountains.
Skiing is available at the ski center in Bogë nearby. One of the most exciting new attractions is the Peak of the Balkans trail. The trail wanders through 3 countries with mountain views and can be supported by local guides and tour companies. Banja of Peja is a township located in the municipality of Istog, Kosovo. To many people it is known with the name Ilixhe. It is a touristic-health center with services in Istog and in the region, highly developed infrastructure and every service needed for healthy living. The cite has seen a bloom of tourism with a new Zip Line, and two Via Ferrata, built between 2013 and 2016. In the city there are a number of tour operators that function, with Balkan Natural Adventure, being the main one with a full palette of services.
In close proximity to the city of Peja lie the White Drin Waterfall and the Bukuroshja e Fjetur Cave. Both are located in the Accursed Mountains and are natural tourist attractions.
The White Drin Waterfall is considered to be the source of White Drin river.Bukuroshja e Fjetur Cave is one of the few caves in Kosovo.Ski center in Bogë, Rugova. The region of Rugova is well known for its ski resorts.Infrastructure
Education
Main article: Education in PejaEducation in Peja is a system with no tuition or fees, mandatory for all children between the ages of 6–18. It consists of a nine-year basic comprehensive school (starting at age six and ending at the age of fifteen) secondary general and professional education commonly known as high school and higher education at Haxhi Zeka University. It also includes non-mandatory daycare programs for babies and toddlers and a one-year "preschool". The school year runs from early September to late June of the following year. Winter break runs from late December to early January, dividing the school year into two semesters. Peja is the only city in Kosovo that offers high school education in arts and there is also a school for the visually impaired.
Demography
Main article: Demographics of PejaYear | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1948 | 47,009 | — |
1953 | 53,548 | +2.64% |
1961 | 66,656 | +2.77% |
1971 | 90,124 | +3.06% |
1981 | 111,071 | +2.11% |
1991 | 127,796 | +1.41% |
2011 | 96,450 | −1.40% |
2024 | 82,661 | −1.18% |
Source: Division of Kosovo |
The Agjencia e Statistikave të Kosovës (ASK) estimated the population of the municipality of Peja at 96,450 in 2011.
According to the 1981 census, the city urban area had a population of 54,497 inhabitants; according to the 1991 census it had grown to 68,163. According to the 2011 census, around 49,000 people live in the city of Peja.
The population is predominantly Albanian, comprising 91.22% of the residents. The largest minority group consists of Bosniaks, making up 3.59% of the population. Additionally, Egyptians account for 2.32%, Roma for 1.07%, and the remaining residents are Serbs, Ashkali and Gorani.
The ethnic composition of the municipality:
Year/Population | Albanians | % | Serbs | % | Montenegrins | % | Roma (Ashkali, Egyptians) | % | Bosniaks | % | Others | % | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1961 Census | 41,532 | 62.35 | 8,852 | 13.28 | 12,701 | 19.05 | 728 | 1.09 | 1,397 | 2.1 | 66,656 | ||
1971 Census | 63,193 | 70.12 | 9,298 | 10.31 | 11,306 | 12.54 | 433 | 0.48 | 5,203 | 5.77 | 90,124 | ||
1981 Census | 79,965 | 71.99 | 7,995 | 7.2 | 9,796 | 8.82 | 3,844 | 3.46 | 8,739 | 7.86 | 111,071 | ||
1991 Census | 96,441 | 75.5 | 7,815 | 6.11 | 6,960 | 5.44 | 4,442 | 3.5 | 9,875 | 7.72 | 127,796 | ||
January 1999 | ~104,600 | ~92 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ~3,500–4,000 | ~3.3 | n/a | n/a | ~4,000–4,200 | ~3.6 | ~113,000 |
2011 Census | 87,975 | 91.2 | 332 | 0.4 | 3,836 | 3.9 | 3,786 | 3.9 | 521 | 0.5 | 96,450 | ||
2024 Census | 75,479 | 91.2 | 813 | 0.98 | 3,114 | 3.76 | 2,974 | 3.59 | 365 | 0.44 | 82,745 | ||
Source: Yugoslav Population Censuses for data through 1991, OSCE estimates for data from 1999, 2011 and 2024 census from Kosovo Republic. |
Culture
Architecture
The architecture in Peja show different architectural styles, from the medieval Serbian, Ottoman, Yugoslav, and contemporary architecture. Because of this there are many churches, mosques, buildings which are attraction points in the city and were built by the aforementioned influences.
Notable architectural traits of Peja include:
- Home of Tahir Beg, dates back to the 18th century and is a monument of cultural heritage in Peja, Kosovo. The Ethnographic Museum of Peja is currently located in Tahir Beg's Mansion.
- Bajrakli Mosque, Ottoman-built mosque in the Bazaar of Peja. It was destroyed during World War II and then rebuilt.
- Hamam of Peja, Ottoman-era bath
- Bazaar of Peja, Ottoman-era market in the center of the city. It was destroyed during World War II and the Kosovo War. It has been fully rebuilt.
Cinema
Peja has one local cinema, Kinema Jusuf Gërvalla, which also functions as a cultural center. It was built in 1955 with money of the Workers’ Union. Back then, the cinema was called 'Kino Rad' ('Workers' Cinema'). Its goals was to provide a cultural space in the city of Peja. During the period 1955-1998 it served as a central point of joint cultural activities for the residents of Peja. Activities included screenings of the latest films, public discussions, music concerts, theatrical performances and children's programs. The cinema was closed down when the war started in 1998 and was heavily damaged in the years after, just like the rest of Peja. In 2000, the building was renovated and partly reconstructed. In 2001, the cinema was reopened, with its name changed to ‘Kinema Jusuf Gërvalla’ in 2002. However, activities became more sporadic, due to technical difficulties and lack of public interest.
In 2016, by a municipal decision, the cinema with all its assets was given to the non-governmental organization Anibar, which since 2010 organized the Anibar International Animation Festival in the cinema. The goal was to revitalize Kinema Jusuf Gërvalla. But later that year the Privatization Agency of Kosovo put the building on the list of buildings for privatization, which meant it would lose its public function. However, backlash emerged against the idea of taking this important historic and cultural site from the local community. The protests secured Kinema Jusuf Gërvalla a spot on the temporary list of protected cultural heritage buildings in Kosovo. Currently, Kinema Jusuf Gërvalla is functioning as a cultural center which hosts movie screenings, musical performances, poetry nights, board game nights, and more. It also offers guided tours, which introduces you to the rich history of the cinema.
Festivals
Main article: Events and festivals in PejaSport
Peja is one of the more successful cities in Kosovan sport. The city is home to the first Olympic Medal for Kosovo, won by Judoka Majlinda Kelmendi in Rio de Janeiro Games in 2016. Her team also has won numerous other medals including gold and bronze in the World and European championships.
The main football team of the city is FC Besa Pejë and its basketball teams is KB Peja. Additionally the city is host to a handball team, KH Besa Famiglia, a volleyball team KV Besa, a judo team Ippon, an athletic team Besa, as well as a women's basketball team KB Penza. Since June 2008 Peja has also a Taekwondo Team: Tae Kwon Do Club Peja (Klubi i Tae Kwon Do-së Peja).
Peja has its aeroclub called "Aeroklub Peja", which was founded in 1948. Last years this club is part of competitions in several countries. In June 2013 it was the organizer of "second Paragliding event" which included paragliders from Kosovo and Albania. In 2014 it was the organizer of an international contest called "Peja open PARAGLIDING CUP 2014".
International relations
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in KosovoPeja is twinned with:
- Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
- Bağcılar, Turkey
- Berane, Montenegro
- Eger, Hungary
- Fier, Albania
- Gusinje, Montenegro
- Hörby, Sweden
- Johnston, United States
- Nilüfer, Turkey
- Stari Grad (Sarajevo), Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Yalova, Turkey
See also
Notes
- (Albanian indefinite form: Pejë, pronounced [ˈpɛj])
- (Serbian Cyrillic: Пећ, romanized: Peć, Serbian pronunciation: [pêːtɕ])
References
- "Komisioni për majten e territorit të Republikës së Kosovës" (PDF) (in Albanian). Prime Minister Office of Kosovo. p. 52. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
- "Population and housing census in Kosovo preliminary results - July 2024" (PDF). Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ Everett-Heath, John (2005). The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 408. ISBN 978-0198605379. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
- ^ Mirko Pak; Igor Vrišer (1980), Urban and industrial geography, Inštitut za geografija univerze Edvarda Kardelja v Ljubljani,
Prema tome, od gore spomenutih cinjenica mozemo pretpostaviti da je stara Pec bila municipij i da se u dardansko-rimsko doba nazivala Siparant, odnosno Slparantum.
- John V. A. Fine; John Van Antwerp Fine (1994), The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest, University of Michigan Press, p. 7, ISBN 978-0-472-08260-5
- Pavlowitch, Stevan (2002). Serbia: The History Behind the Name. London: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 11. ISBN 9781850654773.
- McAllester, Matthew (2003). Beyond the Mountains of the Damned: The War Inside Kosovo. New York and London: NYU Press. p. 52. ISBN 9780814756614.
- Vrousalis, Nicholas; Bechev, Dimitar; Anastasakis, Othon (2009). Greece in the Balkans Memory, Conflict and Exchange. UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 14. ISBN 9781527556652.
- Aleksov, Bojan (2014). CHAPTER 4. Orthodox Christianity and Nationalism in Nineteenth-Century Southeastern Europe. Fordham University Press. pp. 65–100. doi:10.1515/9780823256099-005. ISBN 9780823256099. S2CID 234380509. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
- Prilozi za orijentalnu filologiju: Revue de philologie orientale, Volume 37. Sarajevo: Orijentalni institut u Sarajevu. 1988. p. 174. Retrieved 1 August 2011.
Poslije pada juznih dijelova Despotovine pod osmansku vlast 1455. godine, oba sjedista srpske patrijarsije, Peć i Ziča više nisu bili pod srpskom vlašću
- Altimari, Francesco; Janez Stanič (1984). Albanci (in Slovenian). Cankarjeva založba. p. 41. Retrieved 1 August 2011.
Z zavzetjem Peči je bil ustanovjjen du- kagjinski sandžak s sedežem v Peči, za sandžakbega pa postavljen Mahmut paša Dukagjini.
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Пећки санџак је обухватао пећку, ђаковичку, гусињску и беранску (Доњи Васојевићи) казу.
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External links
- Municipality of Peja – Official Website
Municipalities of Kosovo | ||
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District of Ferizaj | ||
District of Gjakova | ||
District of Gjilan | ||
District of Mitrovica | ||
District of Peja | ||
District of Pristina | ||
District of Prizren |