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			{{Short description|Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines}}
	{{language
			{{Distinguish|text=] or ]}}
	|name=Tagalog
			{{Use Philippine English|date=March 2023}}
	|familycolor=Austronesian
			{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2023}}
	|states=]
			{{Infobox language
	|region=Central & south ]
			| name = Tagalog
	|speakers=First language: 22 million<br>
			| altname =
	Second language: more than 65 million
			| nativename = {{lang|tl|Wikang Tagalog}}<br/>{{Script|Tglg|ᜏᜒᜃᜅ᜔ ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜔}}
	|rank=58
			| pronunciation = {{IPA|tl|tɐˈɡaːloɡ||Tl-PH-Tagalog.ogg}}
	|fam2=]
			| states = ]
	|fam3=]
			| region = ]; ], Parts of ], Most of ], Parts of ], and Northwestern ]
	|fam4=]
			| ethnicity = ]
	|nation=] (as ])
			| speakers = ]: {{sigfig|29.211970|2}} million
	|agency=]<br>(Commission on the Filipino Language)
			| date = 2010
	|iso1=tl|iso2=tgl|iso3=tgl
			| ref = e27
			| speakers2 = ]: {{sigfig|54.146000|2}} million (2020)<ref name=e27/> <br/>Total: {{sigfig|83.357970|2}} million<ref name=e27/>
			| speakers_label = Speakers
			| familycolor = Austronesian
			| fam2 = ]
			| fam3 = ]?
			| fam4 = ]
			| fam5 = ]
			| fam6 = ]–Tagalog
			| ancestor = ]
			| ancestor2 = ]
			| ancestor3 = ]
			| ancestor4 = ]
			| dia1 = Bataan
			| dia2 = ]
			| dia3 = Bulacan
			| dia4 = Lubang
			| dia5 = Manila
			| dia6 = Marinduque
			| dia7 = Puray
			| dia8 = Tanay–Paete (Eastern Rizal-Northern Laguna)
			| dia9 = ]<ref name="Manuel 1971">{{Cite book |last=Manuel |first=E. Arsenio |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ropdAAAAIAAJ |title=A Lexicographic Study of Tayabas Tagalog of Quezon Province |date=1971 |publisher=Diliman Review |language=en |access-date=February 24, 2024 |archive-date=February 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224180337/https://books.google.com/books?id=ropdAAAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>
			| dia10 = Soccsksargen Tagalog (Mindanao)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/@jeremiahcordial/the-morphology-of-sox-tagalog-a8288aa4a02d |title=The Morphology of Sox-Tagalog |website=medium.com |date=July 9, 2024 |access-date=2024-11-03}}</ref>
			| stand1 = ]
			| script = {{Unbulleted list|] (])|]|{{Lang|tl|]}} (developing)}}
			| nation = ] (as Filipino)
			----
			] (as Filipino)
			| minority = Philippines (as a ] and an auxiliary official language in the predominantly Tagalog-speaking areas of the Philippines)
			| agency = ]
			| iso1 = tl
			| iso2 = tgl
			| iso3 = tgl
			| lingua = 31-CKA
			| map = Idioma tagalo.png
			| mapcaption = Predominantly Tagalog-speaking regions in the Philippines
			| glotto = taga1280
			| glottoname = Tagalogic
			| glotto2 = taga1269
			| glottoname2 = Tagalog-Filipino
			| glotto3 = taga1270
			| glottoname3 = Tagalog
	}}		}}
			].]]
	'''Tagalog''' (pronunciation: {{IPA|}}) is one of the major languages of the Republic of the ]. It is the largest of the ] in terms of the number of speakers.
			'''Tagalog''' ({{IPAc-en|t|ə|ˈ|ɡ|ɑː|l|ɒ|ɡ}} {{Respell|tə|GAH|log}},<ref name=":0">According to the '']'' and {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121011858/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Tagalog |date=January 21, 2018 }}</ref> {{IPA|tl|tɐˈɡaːloɡ||Tl-PH-Tagalog.ogg|label=native pronunciation:}}; '']'': {{Script|Tglg|ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜔}}) is an ] spoken as a first language by the ethnic ], who make up a quarter of the population of the ], and as a ] by the majority, mostly as or through ]. Its de facto ], codified, national or nationalized, intellectualized, more linguistically inclusive, more linguistically dynamic, and expanded or broadened form, officially named ], is the ] of the Philippines, and is one of the nation's two ]s, alongside ]. Tagalog, like the other and as one of the regional languages of the Philippines, which majority are ], is one of the auxiliary official languages of the Philippines in the regions and also one of the auxiliary media of instruction therein.
	Being an ], it is related to ], ], ], ] (of ]), ], ] (of ]), ], ], ] (of ] and the ]), ] (of ]), and ] (of ]).
			Tagalog is closely related to other ], such as the ], the ], ], ], and ], and more distantly to other Austronesian languages, such as the ] of ], ], ], ], ], ], and many more.
	Tagalog, as its standardized counterpart, ], is the principal language of the national ] in the Philippines. It is the primary language of ]. It is, along with ], a co-] and the sole ]. Tagalog is widely used as a ] throughout the country. However, while Tagalog may be prevalent in those fields, ] is more prevalent in fields such as government and business.
	==History==		==Classification==
			Tagalog is a ] ] within the ] language family. Being ], it is related to other Austronesian languages, such as ], ], ], ], ] (of Timor), and ] (of Taiwan).<ref name="ethnologue.com">{{Cite web |last1=Lewis |first1=M. P. |last2=Simons |first2=G. F. |last3=Fennig |first3=C. D. |date=2014 |title=Tagalog |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/tgl |website=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |access-date=July 30, 2015 |archive-date=December 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212163108/http://www.ethnologue.com/language/TGL |url-status=live }}</ref> It is closely related to the languages spoken in the ] and the ] islands, such as the ] and the ], including ], ] and ].<ref name="ethnologue.com" />
			Tagalog differs from its ] counterparts with its treatment of the ] ] vowel {{IPA|*ə}}. In most ] and ] languages, this sound merged with {{IPA|/u/}} and {{IPA|}}. In Tagalog, it has merged with {{IPA|/i/}}. For example, Proto-Philippine {{IPA|*dəkət}} (adhere, stick) is Tagalog ''dikít'' and Visayan & Bikol ''dukót''.
	The word ''Tagalog'' was derived from ''tagá-ílog'', from ''tagá-'' meaning "native of" and ''ílog'' meaning "river", thus, it means "resident beside the river." Since there are no surviving written samples of Tagalog before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, very little is known about the history of the language. However there is speculation among linguists that the ancestors of the Tagalogs originated, along with their Central Philippine cousins, from northeastern ] or eastern ].
			Proto-Philippine {{IPA|*r}}, {{IPA|*j}}, and {{IPA|*z}} merged with {{IPA|/d/}} but is {{IPA|/l/}} between vowels. Proto-Philippine {{IPA|*ŋajan}} (name) and {{IPA|*hajək}} (kiss) became Tagalog ''ngalan'' and ''halík''. Adjacent to an affix, however, it becomes {{IPA|/r/}} instead: ''bayád'' (paid) → ''bayaran'' (to pay).
	The first known book to be written in Tagalog is the ''Doctrina Cristiana'' (Christian Doctrine) of 1593. It was written in Spanish and two versions of Tagalog; one written in ] and the other in the ].
			Proto-Philippine {{IPA|*R}} merged with {{IPA|/ɡ/}}. {{IPA|*tubiR}} (water) and {{IPA|*zuRuʔ}} (blood) became Tagalog ''tubig'' and ''dugô''.
	Throughout the 300 years of Spanish occupation, there have been grammars and dictionaries written by Spanish clergymen such as ''Vocabulario de Lengua Tagala'' (1613), ''Vocabulario de la lengua tagala'' (1835) and ''Arte de la lengua tagala y manual tagalog para la adminstración de los Santos Sacramentos'' (1850).
			==History==
	Poet ] (1788-1862) is often regarded as the Tagalog equivalent of ]. His most famous work is the early 19th-century ].
			{{Main|Old Tagalog}}
			] script, the original writing system of Tagalog]]
	==Classification==
			The word ''Tagalog'' is possibly derived from the ] ''taga-ilog'' ("river dweller"), composed of ''tagá-'' ("native of" or "from") and ''ilog'' ("river"), or alternatively, ''taga-alog'' deriving from ''alog'' ("pool of water in the lowlands"; "rice or vegetable plantation"). Linguists such as ] and ] speculate that the Tagalogs and other Central Philippine ethno-linguistic groups originated in Northeastern ] or the ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zorc |first=R. David Paul |url=https://archive.org/details/bisayandialectso0044zorc |title=The Bisayan Dialects of the Philippines: Subgrouping and Reconstruction |date=1977 |publisher=The Australian National University |series=Pacific Linguistics, Series C, No. 44 |location=Canberra |doi=10.15144/PL-C44 |hdl=1885/146594 |isbn=9780858831575 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Blust |first=Robert |date=1991 |title=The Greater Central Philippines Hypothesis |journal=Oceanic Linguistics |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=73–129 |doi=10.2307/3623084 |jstor=3623084}}</ref>
	Tagalog is a ] language within the ] language family.
			Possible words of Old Tagalog origin are attested in the ] from the tenth century, which is largely written in ].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Postma |first=Anton |date=1992 |title=The Laguna Copper-Plate Inscription: Text and Commentary |url=https://philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/view/1033 |journal=Philippine Studies |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=183–203 |jstor=42633308 |access-date=April 13, 2022 |archive-date=May 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509173459/http://www.philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/view/1033 |url-status=live }}</ref> The first known complete book to be written in Tagalog is the '']'' (Christian Doctrine), printed in 1593. The ''Doctrina'' was written in Spanish and two transcriptions of Tagalog; one in the ancient, then-current ] script and the other in an early Spanish attempt at a ] orthography for the language.
	It is closely related to the languages spoken in the ] and ] regions such as ], ], ], and ].
			]
	Languages that have made significant contributions to Tagalog are ], ], ], ], ] (via Malay), ] (via Malay/Spanish), and ] such as] spoken on the island of ].
			Throughout the 333 years of Spanish rule, various grammars and dictionaries were written by Spanish clergymen. In 1610, the Dominican priest Francisco Blancas de San José published the ''Arte y reglas de la lengua tagala'' (which was subsequently revised with two editions in 1752 and 1832) in Bataan. In 1613, the Franciscan priest Pedro de San Buenaventura published the first Tagalog dictionary, his '']'' in ].
	==Geographic distribution==
			The first substantial dictionary of the Tagalog language was written by the ] ] missionary ] in the beginning of the 18th century. Clain spoke Tagalog and used it actively in several of his books. He prepared the dictionary, which he later passed over to Francisco Jansens and José Hernandez.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Noceda |first1=Juan José de |title=Vocabulario de la lengua tagala |last2=Sanlucar |first2=Pedro de |date=2013 |publisher=Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino |location=Maynila |page=iv |orig-date=1860}}</ref> Further compilation of his substantial work was prepared by P. Juan de Noceda and P. Pedro de Sanlucar and published as '']'' in Manila in 1754 and then repeatedly<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Noceda |first1=Juan José de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PTIOAAAAIAAJ |title=Vocabulario de la lengua tagala: compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves, y coordinado |last2=Sanlucar |first2=Pedro de |date=1860 |publisher=Ramirez y Giraudier |location=Manila |language=es}}</ref> reedited, with the last edition being in 2013 in Manila.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Noceda |first1=Juan José de |title=Vocabulario de la lengua tagala |last2=Sanlucar |first2=Pedro de |date=2013 |publisher=Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino |location=Maynila |orig-date=1860}}</ref>
			Among others, ''Arte de la lengua tagala y manual tagalog para la administración de los Santos Sacramentos'' (1850) in addition to early studies<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Spieker-Salazar |first=Marlies |date=1992 |title=A Contribution to Asian Historiography: European Studies of Philippines Languages from the 17th to the 20th Century |journal=Archipel |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=183–202 |doi=10.3406/arch.1992.2861 |doi-access=free}}</ref> of the language.
	The Tagalog homeland, or '']'', covers roughly much of the central to southern parts of the island of ] - particularly in ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. Tagalog is also spoken natively by inhabitants living on the islands of ], ], and the northern and eastern parts of ]. According to the Philippine Census of 2000, 21,485,927 out of 76,332,470 Filipinos claimed Tagalog as their first language. An estimated 50 million Filipinos speak it in varying degrees in proficiency.
			The indigenous poet ] (1788–1862) is known as the foremost Tagalog writer, his most notable work being the 19th-century ] '']''.<ref name="Cruz 1906">{{Cite book |last=Cruz |first=Hermenegildo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1S5BAQAAMAAJ |title=Kun Sino ang Kumathâ ng̃ "Florante": Kasaysayan ng̃ Búhay ni Francisco Baltazar at Pag-uulat nang Kanyang Karunung̃a't Kadakilaan |date=1906 |publisher=Librería "Manila Filatélico" |location=Maynilà |language=tl |via=Google Books}}</ref>
	Tagalog speakers are to be found in other parts of the Philippines as well as throughout the world; it is the sixth most-spoken language in the ].
	===Official status===		===Official status===
			{{Main|Filipino language}}
			]'' (Tagalog Newspaper), the first bilingual newspaper in the Philippines founded in 1882 written in both Tagalog and ].]]
			Tagalog was declared the official language by the first revolutionary constitution in the Philippines, the ] in 1897.<ref>{{Citation |title=1897 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato, Article VIII |date=November 1897 |url=https://thecorpusjuris.com/constitutions/1897-constitution.php |mode=cs1 |via=The Corpus Juris |access-date=April 13, 2022 |archive-date=July 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717035029/https://thecorpusjuris.com/constitutions/1897-constitution.php |url-status=live }}</ref>
			In 1935, the Philippine constitution designated English and Spanish as official languages, but mandated the development and adoption of a common national language based on one of the existing native languages.<ref>{{Citation |title=1935 Philippine Constitution (amended), Article XIV, Section 3 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1935-constitution-ammended/ |mode=cs1 |via=Official Gazette |access-date=April 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601164141/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1935-constitution-ammended// |url-status=live }}</ref> After study and deliberation, the National Language Institute, a committee composed of seven members who represented various regions in the Philippines, chose Tagalog as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines.<ref name="MLQspeech">{{Cite speech |last=Quezon |first=Manuel L. |author-link=Manuel L. Quezon |location=Malacañan Palace, Manila |date=December 30, 1937 |title=Speech of His Excellency Manuel L. Quezon President of the Philippines on Filipino National Language |url=http://www.quezon.ph/wp-content/uploads/2007/05/mlq-speech-national-language-1.pdf |via=quezon.ph |access-date=March 26, 2010 |archive-date=February 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225085738/http://www.quezon.ph/wp-content/uploads/2007/05/mlq-speech-national-language-1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Gonzalez">{{Cite journal |last=Gonzalez |first=Andrew |date=1998 |title=The Language Planning Situation in the Philippines |url=http://www.multilingual-matters.net/jmmd/019/0487/jmmd0190487.pdf |journal=Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development |volume=19 |issue=5, 6 |pages=487–488 |doi=10.1080/01434639808666365 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060322083304/http://www.multilingual-matters.net/jmmd/019/0487/jmmd0190487.pdf |archive-date=March 22, 2006 }}</ref> President ] then, on December 30, 1937, proclaimed the selection of the Tagalog language to be used as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines.<ref name=MLQspeech /> In 1939, President Quezon renamed the proposed Tagalog-based national language as ''Wikang Pambansâ'' (national language).<ref name=Gonzalez/> Quezon himself was born and raised in ], which is a native Tagalog-speaking area. Under the Japanese puppet government during ], Tagalog as a national language was strongly promoted; the 1943 Constitution specifying: "The government shall take steps toward the development and propagation of Tagalog as the national language."
	After weeks of study and deliberation, Tagalog was chosen by the National Language Institute, a committee composed of seven members who represented various regions in the Philippines. President ] then proclaimed Tagalog the national language or ''wikang pambansâ'' of the Philippines on December 30, 1937. This was made official upon the Philippines' restoration of independence from the United States on July 4, 1946.
			In 1959, the language was further renamed as "Pilipino".<ref name=Gonzalez/> Along with English, the national language has had official status under the 1973 constitution (as "Pilipino")<ref>{{Citation |title=1973 Philippine Constitution, Article XV, Sections 2–3 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1973-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-2/ |mode=cs1 |via=Official Gazette |access-date=April 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625191553/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1973-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the present 1987 constitution (as Filipino).
	From 1961 to 1987, Tagalog was also known as Pilipino. In 1987, the name changed to ].
			===Controversy===
	Since 1940, Tagalog has been taught in schools throughout the Philippines. It is the only one out of over 160 Philippine languages that is officially taught in schools.
			The adoption of Tagalog in 1937 as basis for a national language is not without its own controversies. Instead of specifying Tagalog, the national language was designated as ''Wikang Pambansâ'' ("National Language") in 1939.<ref name=MLQspeech /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mga Probisyong Pangwika sa Saligang-Batas |url=http://wika.pbworks.com/Kasaysayan |access-date=June 7, 2012 |website=wika.pbworks.com |archive-date=February 21, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100221013557/http://wika.pbworks.com/Kasaysayan |url-status=live }}</ref>{{better source needed|date=April 2022}} Twenty years later, in 1959, it was renamed by then Secretary of Education, ], as '']'' to give it a ]al rather than ] label and connotation. The changing of the name did not, however, result in acceptance among non-], especially ]s who had not accepted the selection.<ref name="Gonzalez" />
			The national language issue was revived once more during the ]. The majority of the delegates were even in favor of scrapping the idea of a "national language" altogether.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tan |first=Nigel |date=August 7, 2014 |title=What the PH Constitutions Say About the National Language |url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/65477-national-language-philippine-constitutions/ |access-date=April 13, 2022 |website=Rappler |archive-date=April 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413194244/https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/65477-national-language-philippine-constitutions/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A compromise solution was worked out—a "universalist" approach to the national language, to be called ''Filipino'' rather than ''Pilipino''. The 1973 constitution makes no mention of Tagalog. When a new constitution was drawn up in 1987, it named Filipino as the national language.<ref name="Gonzalez" /> The constitution specified that as the Filipino language evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages. However, more than two decades after the institution of the "universalist" approach, there seems to be little if any difference between Tagalog and Filipino.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}
	===Dialects===
			Many of the older generation in the Philippines feel that the replacement of English by Tagalog in the popular visual media has had dire economic effects regarding the competitiveness of the Philippines in trade and overseas remittances.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 4, 2009 |title=E for English: The Cost of Being Tongue-Tied in The Colonisers' Tongue |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2009/06/04/e-for-english |url-access=subscription |access-date=April 14, 2022 |newspaper=The Economist |quote=Once it claimed to have more English speakers than all but two other countries, and it has exported millions of them. But these days Filipinos are less boastful. Three decades of decline in the share of Filipinos who speak the language, and the deteriorating proficiency of those who can manage some English, have eroded one of the country's advantages in the global economy. Call-centres complain that they reject nine-tenths of otherwise qualified job applicants, mostly college graduates, because of their poor command of English. This is lowering the chances that the outsourcing industry will succeed in its effort to employ close to 1m people, account for 8.5% of GDP and have 10% of the world market |archive-date=June 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629234014/https://www.economist.com/asia/2009/06/04/e-for-english |url-status=live }}</ref>
	] lists Lubang, Manila, Marinduque, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Tanay-Paete, and Tayabas as dialects of Tagalog. However, there appears to be four main dialects of which the aforementioned are a part; Northern, Central (including Manila), Southern, and Marinduque.
			===Use in education===
	While the dialects have their own peculiarities, they are generally mutually intelligible with each other. Perhaps the most divergent Tagalog dialect is the one spoken on Marinduque; it has many features found in Visayan languages such as different verbal affixes.
			{{Expand section|date=March 2018}}
			Upon the issuance of ''Executive Order No. 134'', Tagalog was declared as basis of the National Language. On April 12, 1940, ''Executive No. 263'' was issued ordering the teaching of the national language in all public and private schools in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Espiritu |first=Clemencia |date=April 29, 2015 |title=Filipino Language in the Curriculum |url=http://ncca.gov.ph/subcommissions/subcommission-on-cultural-disseminationscd/language-and-translation/filipino-language-in-the-curriculum/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821124733/http://ncca.gov.ph/subcommissions/subcommission-on-cultural-disseminationscd/language-and-translation/filipino-language-in-the-curriculum/ |archive-date=August 21, 2018 |access-date=August 21, 2018 |website=National Commission for Culture and the Arts}}</ref>
	Some examples of dialectal variations are the interjections ''ala é'', in Batangas Tagalog.
			Article XIV, Section 6 of the 1987 ] specifies, in part:
	Tagalog dialects:
	*Manila. Tagalog spoken in Manila is often admixed with the various regional vernaculars, Manila being the melting-pot of the nation's ethno-linguistic groups. The Tagalog spoken in Manila is rather slow and full of foreign words. Oftentimes, Taglish and Manila Tagalog are becoming more synonymous to each other because of the large borrowing from the English language. This was the basis for both Pilipino and Filipino. Area: Metro Manila, Cavite, and all towns of Laguna west of Pagsanjan.
	*Bataan. The Tagalog spoken in Bataan and Zambales closely resembles the Tagalog spoken in Manila, although often admixed with Ilocano and/or Kapampangan. Area: Bataan, southern part of Zambales, Olongapo City, and southwestern towns of Pampanga.
	*Bulacan. The variant of Tagalog spoken in Bulacan is rather wordy, as compared to that of the Manila dialect. Many words in the Bulacan dialect are not understood in Manila, furthermore, Bulakeños (natives of Bulacan) speak Tagalog fast. Area: Bulacan, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija
	*Batangas. Batangas is the heartland of the Tagalog language, and so, the Tagalog spoken here closely resembles Old Tagalog better than the other dialects. Words of Sanskrit, Arabic, and Persian origin are still used. Its intonation is quite different from that of Manila, Batangan Tagalog being spoken fast and with a thick accent. Area: Batangas
	*Tanay-Paete. Area: All towns east of Pagsanjan, Laguna, Rizal province.
	*Tayabas. The Tayabas dialect seems to divided further on the basis of geographical location. Those on the western towns of the province speak the Tayabas variant of Tagalog closer to the Batangas Tagalog, and those on the eastern side speak the Tayabas variant more closer to the Bicolano language. It has many words that can be found only in this dialect. Area: Quezon, Camarines Norte
	*Marinduque. The Tagalog dialect spoken in Marinduque have traces of influence from the Visayan languages. Most Tagalog speakers do not understand the variant used in Marinduque, having many cognate words of Visayan origin. Area: Marinduque
	*Lubang. A variant of the Batangas dialect of Tagalog. Area: Mindoro Island, Lubang Islands
			{{blockquote|Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of instruction in the educational system.<ref name="1987constitutionXIV">{{Citation |title=1987 Philippine Constitution, Article XIV, Sections 6–9 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/ |via=Official Gazette |mode=cs1 |access-date=April 13, 2022 |archive-date=January 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105085906/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
	====Quezon (Tayabas) Tagalog====
	The Tagalog language spoken in Quezon province, about 100 kilometers southeast of ] has been totally changed from the rest of the Tagalog dialects. Large amounts of Spanish, Min-Nan Chinese, and Bicolano words have been assimilated, and some words have totally no intelligiblity factor with the rest of the Tagalog dialects. Aside from the usual 'ya', which is the equivalent of Batangan Tagalog 'ala e', there are about 200 words that are used solely in Quezon province, specifically the eastern portions of the province. Examples would be: abyad (to care for, Standard Tagalog: asikasuhin), balam (slow motion, Standard Tagalog: mabagal), dasig (to move, Standard tagalog: usog), dayag (to wash the dishes, Standard Tagalog: maghugas ng mga pinggan), hambo (to take a bath, Standard Tagalog: maligo), lagumba (horseplay, Standard Tagalog, magluku-lukuhan), pulandit (squirt, Standard Tagalog: talsik), tibulbok (vibration, Standard Tagalog: bibrasiyon), yano (extensive, Standard Tagalog: sobra), among others.
			Under Section 7, however:
	===Derived languages===
			{{blockquote|The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein.<ref name=1987constitutionXIV />}}
	Frequent contact between Tagalog speakers and Spanish speakers have given way to ] or ]. There are three known varieties of Chabacano which have Tagalog as their ]: Caviteño, Ternateño, and Ermitaño, spoken in ], ], and ], respectively. Ermitaño is extinct.
			In 2009, the ] promulgated an order institutionalizing a system of mother-tongue based multilingual education ("MLE"), wherein instruction is conducted primarily in a student's mother tongue (one of the various regional Philippine languages) until at least grade three, with additional languages such as Filipino and English being introduced as separate subjects no earlier than grade two. In secondary school, Filipino and English become the primary languages of instruction, with the learner's first language taking on an auxiliary role.<ref>{{Citation |last=Department of Education |title=Order No. 74 |date=2009 |url=http://www.deped.gov.ph/cpanel/uploads/issuanceImg/DO%20No.%2074,%20s.%202009.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616225924/http://www.deped.gov.ph/cpanel/uploads/issuanceImg/DO%20No.%2074,%20s.%202009.pdf |archive-date=June 16, 2012 |mode=cs1}}</ref> After pilot tests in selected schools, the MLE program was implemented nationwide from School Year (SY) 2012–2013.<ref>{{Citation |title=DO 16, s. 2012 |url=http://www.deped.gov.ph/orders/do-16-s-2012 |via=deped.gov.ph |mode=cs1 |access-date=February 7, 2018 |archive-date=February 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208064031/http://www.deped.gov.ph/orders/do-16-s-2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dumlao |first=Artemio |date=May 21, 2012 |title=K+12 to Use 12 Mother Tongues |work=Philstar Global |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2012/05/16/807083/k12-use-12-mother-tongues |access-date=April 13, 2022 |archive-date=April 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413194245/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2012/05/16/807083/k12-use-12-mother-tongues |url-status=live }}</ref>
	===Code-switching===
			Tagalog is the first language of a quarter of the population of the ] (particularly in Central and Southern Luzon) and the second language for the majority.<ref name="Philippine Census 2000">Philippine Census, 2000. Table 11. Household Population by Ethnicity, Sex and Region: 2000</ref>
	] is prevalent in the Philippines. The most common form of code-switching is between Tagalog and English called ].
			==Geographic distribution==
	The intensity of code-switching varies. It can be as simple as one-word borrowings.
			===In the Philippines===
			], Philippines.]]
			], ].]]
			], ].]]
			According to the 2020 census conducted by the ], there were 109 million people living in the Philippines, where the vast majority have some basic level of understanding of the language, mostly, mainly, majority or predominantly because of Filipino. The Tagalog homeland, Katagalugan, covers roughly much of the central to southern parts of the island of ] — particularly in ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. Tagalog is also spoken natively by inhabitants living on the islands of ] and ], as well as ] to a lesser extent. Significant minorities are found in the other Central Luzon provinces of ] and ], ] and ] in Bicol Region, the ] city of ] and various parts of ] especially in the island's urban areas, but especially, more accurately and specifically, officially, sociolinguistically and linguistic politically as, through or in the form of Filipino. Tagalog or Filipino is also the predominant language of ] in ], making it the only place outside of Luzon with a native Tagalog-speaking or also a Filipino-speaking majority. It is also the main lingua franca in ], but especially or more accurately and specifically as, through or in the form of Filipino.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McKenna |first=Thomas M. |url=https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft0199n64c&chunk.id=d0e482&toc.id=d0e359&brand=ucpress |title=Muslim Rulers and Rebels: Everyday Politics and Armed Separatism in the Southern Philippines |date=1998 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |via=UC Press E-Books Collection, 1982–2004 |access-date=May 3, 2020 |archive-date=August 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807215825/https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft0199n64c&chunk.id=d0e482&toc.id=d0e359&brand=ucpress |url-status=live }}</ref>
	Nasirà ang '''computer''' ko kahapon!<br>
	"My computer broke yesterday!"
			According to the 2000 Philippine Census, approximately 96% of the household population who were able to attend school could speak Tagalog, or especially or more accurately and specifically as, through or in the form of Filipino;<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 18, 2005 |title=Educational Characteristics of the Filipinos (Results from the 2000 Census of Population and Housing, NSO) |url=https://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/sr05153tx.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127174205/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/sr05153tx.html |archive-date=January 27, 2008 |access-date=January 21, 2008 |website=National Statistics Office}}</ref> and about 28% of the total population spoke it natively.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Philippines: Population Expected to Reach 100 Million Filipinos in 14 Years (Results from the 2000 Census of Population and Housing, NSO) |date=October 16, 2002 |publisher=National Statistics Office |url=https://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2002/pr02178tx.html |access-date=January 21, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080128222713/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2002/pr02178tx.html |archive-date=January 28, 2008}}</ref>
	The language can even change in mid-sentence.
			The following regions and provinces of the Philippines are majority Tagalog-speaking, or also overlapping with being more accurately and specifically Filipino-speaking (from north to south):
	Huwág kang maninigarilyo, because it is harmful to your health.<br>
			* ]
	"Never smoke cigarettes, ..."
			** ]
			** ]
			** ]
			** ]
			**]
			* ] (National Capital Region)
			*Southern Luzon
			** ] (] and ])
			*** ]
			*** ]
			*** ]
			*** ]
			*** ]
			*** ]
			*** ]
			*** ]
			*** ] (While Romblomanon, Onhan, and Asi are the native languages of the province, Tagalog, or especially or more accurately and specifically as, through or in the form of a provincial variety of Filipino, is used as the ''lingua franca'' between the various language groups.)
			*** ] (Historically a non-Tagalog-speaking province, waves of cross-migration from various other regions, especially Calabarzon, has resulted in Tagalog, or especially or more accurately and specifically as, through or in the form of a provincial variety of Filipino, now being the main spoken language in Palawan.)
			** ] (While the ] have traditionally been the majority languages in the following provinces, heavy Tagalog influence and migration has resulted in its significant presence in these provinces and in many communities, Tagalog is now the majority language.)
			*** ]
			*** ]
			* ]
			** ] and ] (While ] has traditionally been the majority language of these provinces, Tagalog, or especially or more accurately and specifically as, through or in the form of a regional variety of Filipino, is now the main language of "mother tongue" primary education (but here as the local and regional auxiliary official Tagalog language, rather than or instead of the national and official Filipino language) in the province, the majority language in the regional center of ] (either or both Tagalog or Filipino), and the ''lingua franca'' of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao or BARMM (mostly, mainly, majority or predominantly Filipino).)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Maulana |first=Nash |date=August 3, 2014 |title=Filipino or Tagalog Now Dominant Language of Teaching for Maguindanaons |work=Inquirer.net |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/625918/filipino-or-tagalog-now-dominant-language-of-teaching-for-maguindanaons |access-date=April 14, 2022 |archive-date=January 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124203953/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/625918/filipino-or-tagalog-now-dominant-language-of-teaching-for-maguindanaons |url-status=live }}</ref>
			*]
			**] (While ] is the majority language of the region, a linguistic phenomenon has developed whereby local residents have either shifted to Tagalog or Filipino, or significantly mix Tagalog terms and grammar into their Cebuano speech, or especially or more accurately and specifically in the form of a regional metropolitan variety of Filipino, because older generations speak Tagalog or Filipino to their children in home settings, and Cebuano is spoken in everyday settings, making Tagalog or Filipino the secondary lingua franca. Additionally, migrations from Tagalog-speaking provinces to the area are also the contributing factors.)
			*]
			**], ] and ] (Despite ] being the regional main lingua franca, migrations from ] and ] (including influx of migrants from Tagalog-speaking regions) to North Cotabato, South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat has made Tagalog, or especially or more accurately and specifically, as, through or in the form of a regional variety of Filipino, the secondary lingua franca between various ethnolinguistic groups on everyday basis, especially those who cannot speak and understand Hiligaynon. Signages in the region are often written in Tagalog, or especially or more accurately and specifically as, through or in the form of a regional variety of Filipino. Additionally, the language is also used in administrative functions by the local government, in education and in local media, but especially or more accurately and specifically as, through or in the form of a regional variety of Filipino, and not and not as, through nor in the form of Tagalog nor its traditional Tagalog varieties.)
			Tagalog speakers are also found in other parts of the Philippines and especially, more accurately and specifically, officially, sociolinguistically and linguistic politically as and through its standardized, codified, national or nationalized, intellectualized, more linguistically inclusive, more linguistically dynamic, and expanded or broaden form of, as and through ], and the language serves as the national '']'' of the country, but especially or more accurately and specifically as and through Filipino.
	Although it's generally looked down upon, code-switching is prevalent in all levels of society, though urban-dwellers, those with high education, and those born around World War II are more likely to do it. Politicians, like President ], have code-switched in interviews.
			===Outside of the Philippines===
	It is common in television, radio, and print media as well. In the US, advertisements from companies like ], ], ], and ] have had Taglish on them.
			[[File:Tagalosphere.png|thumb|{{legend|#FF0000|Countries with more than 500,000 speakers}}
			{{legend|#FA8077|Countries with between 100,000–500,000 speakers}}
			{{legend|#FFC0CB|Countries where it is spoken by minor communities}}]]
			] at the ] in ] includes words that are uncommonly used in Metro Manila such as "hungkag" (hollow), "sinisila" (prey), "mapanila" (predator), "tibò" (stinger), and "kabatiran" (clue/knowledge/discernment).]]
			Tagalog serves as the common language among ], though its use overseas is usually limited to communication between ]. The largest concentration of Tagalog speakers outside the Philippines is found in the ], wherein 2020, the ] reported (based on data collected in 2018) that it was the fourth most-spoken non-English language at home with over 1.7 million speakers, behind ], ], and ] (with figures for ] and ] combined).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Languages&hidePreview=true&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S1601&vintage=2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030015410/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Languages&hidePreview=true&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S1601&vintage=2018|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-10-30|title=Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over for United States: 2014-2018|website=census.gov}}</ref>
	The Chinese and the non-Tagalog communities also frequently code-switch their language, be it ] or ] Chinese, with Taglish.
			A study based on data from the United States Census Bureau's 2015 American Consumer Survey shows that Tagalog is the most commonly spoken non-English language after Spanish in ], ], and ] states.<ref name="LosAngeles">{{Cite news |date=July 7, 2017 |title=Study: Tagalog California's Most Commonly Spoken Foreign Language After Spanish |language=en-US |work=CBS Los Angeles |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/tagalog-californias-most-commonly-spoken-foreign-language/ |access-date=April 13, 2022 |archive-date=April 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413194244/https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/tagalog-californias-most-commonly-spoken-foreign-language/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
	Filipino Spanish speakers (very few) also frequently code switch with Tagalog and Spanish.
			Tagalog is one of three recognized languages in ], California, along with Spanish and Chinese, making all essential city services be communicated using these languages along with English.<ref name="SF">{{Cite news |date=April 2, 2014 |title=Tagalog Certified As Third Language To Be Used In SF City Services Communications |language=en-US |work=CBS San Francisco |url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2014/04/02/tagalog-certified-as-third-language-to-be-used-in-sf-city-services-communications/ |access-date=April 13, 2022 |archive-date=April 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416183522/https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2014/04/02/tagalog-certified-as-third-language-to-be-used-in-sf-city-services-communications/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Meanwhile, Tagalog and ] (which is primarily spoken in northern Philippines) are among the non-official languages of ] that its state offices and state-funded entities are required to provide oral and written translations to its residents.<ref name="Hawaii01">{{Cite web |title=Office of Language Access: Find a Law |url=https://labor.hawaii.gov/ola/find-a-law/ |access-date=September 7, 2021 |website=Hawaii.gov |publisher=State of Hawaii |archive-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907174547/https://labor.hawaii.gov/ola/find-a-law/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Hawaii02">{{Cite web |title=Office of Language Access: "Free Interpreter Help" in Multi-Languages |url=https://health.hawaii.gov/ola/free-interpreter-help-in-multi-languages/ |access-date=September 7, 2021 |website=Hawaii.gov |publisher=State of Hawaii |archive-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907174547/https://health.hawaii.gov/ola/free-interpreter-help-in-multi-languages/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Election ballots in Nevada include instructions written in Tagalog, which was first introduced in the ].<ref name="Nevada">{{Cite news |date=February 12, 2020 |title=Tagalog Was on the Ballot for the First Time in Nevada |work=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2020/02/12/we-count-voter-series-nevada-orig-jm.cnn/video/playlists/2020-presidential-election/ |access-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-date=January 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124203943/https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2020/02/12/we-count-voter-series-nevada-orig-jm.cnn/video/playlists/2020-presidential-election/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
	=== Binaliktad ===
			Other countries with significant concentrations of overseas Filipinos and Tagalog speakers include ] with 938,490, ] with 676,775, ] with 313,588, ] with 541,593, ] with 187,067, and ] with 620,043.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Distribution on Filipinos Overseas |url=https://dfa.gov.ph/distribution-of-filipinos-overseas |access-date=June 14, 2022 |website=dfa.gov.ph |archive-date=April 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427103043/http://www.dfa.gov.ph/distribution-of-filipinos-overseas |url-status=live }}</ref>
	The phenomena of ''binaliktad'' (reversed), which some consider as ], can be heard in urban areas, some more common than others. Equivalents in other languages are ] and ]. The following are some examples:
			==Dialects==
	* Erpat from pater (father)
			]. While the majority of residents in ] and ] traditionally speak ] as their first language, these provinces nonetheless have significant Tagalog minorities. In addition, Tagalog is used as a ] throughout the country.
	* Ermat from mater (mother)
	* Sanpits from pinsan (cousin)
	* Yosi from sigarilyo (cigarettes)
	* Todits from dito (here)
	* Wetpaks from pwet (buttocks)
	* Dehins from hindi/hinde (No, not) (''Hindî'' is commonly, though by no means always, pronounced /hin·dê/.)
	* Jeproks (well-dressed casually) from the Projects (The name of a middle class residential area in ])
	* Japorms from ''Jacket ang pangporma'' (Jacket is used for fashionable look)
	* Oblo from loób (inside)
	* Senglot from lasing (drunk) (''Lasíng'' is mostly pronounced /la·séng/.)
	* Ngetpa from pangit/panget (ugly)(''Pangit'' is mostly pronounced /pa·nget/.)
	* Astíg from tigás (hard, strong)
	* Atík from kita (income)
	* Lóngkatuts from katulong (maid, helper)
	* Tsekot from kotse (car)
	* Erap from pare (male friend)
	* Topaks from impacto (acting very strangely, illogically, demonically from impacto-devil)
	* Bogchi from chibog (slang for food)
	* Olats from talo (lose)
	* Alaws repapips from ''walang pera, pare'' (have no money, friends)
			{{legend|pink|2=Northern Tagalog dialects: Bataan (Bataan & Zambales) and Bulacan (Bulacan & Nueva Ecija)}}
	==Sounds==
			{{legend|#CF657C|2=Central Tagalog dialects: Manila/] (Metro Manila), and Tanay-Paete (Rizal & Laguna).}}
			{{legend|crimson|2=Southern Tagalog dialects: Batangas (Batangas, Cavite, & Oriental Mindoro), Lubang (Occidental Mindoro), Tayabas (Quezon), and Aurora.}}<ref>While Aurora is geographically northern Tagalog area which borders Bulacan & Nueva Ecija, Aurora Tagalog dialect is closely related to Tayabas Tagalog of Quezon mostly by accent & vocabulary.( {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153829/https://phinder.ph/aurora-philippines/ |date=January 31, 2024 }} in phinder.ph, in Reddit){{Better source needed|date=February 2024}}.</ref>
			{{legend|maroon|2=Marinduque dialects (Marinduque). Source: }}]]
			At present, no comprehensive ] has been done in the Tagalog-speaking regions, though there have been descriptions in the form of dictionaries and grammars of various Tagalog dialects. ] lists Manila, Lubang, ], Bataan (Western Central Luzon), ], Bulacan (Eastern Central Luzon), Tanay-Paete (Rizal-Laguna), and ] (Quezon) <ref name="Manuel 1971"/> as dialects of Tagalog; however, there appear to be four main dialects, of which the aforementioned are a part: Northern (exemplified by the ] dialect), Central (including Manila), Southern (exemplified by Batangas), and Marinduque.
			Some example of dialectal differences are:
			* Many Tagalog dialects, particularly those in the south, preserve the glottal stop found after consonants and before vowels. This has been lost in Standard Tagalog, probably influenced by Spanish, where glottal stop doesn't exist. For example, standard Tagalog ''ngayón'' (now, today), '']'' (broth stew), ''gabí'' (night), ''matamís'' (sweet), are pronounced and written ''ngay-on'', ''sinig-ang'', ''gab-i'', and ''matam-is'' in other dialects.
			* In ]-] Tagalog, {{IPA|}} alternates with {{IPA|}}. For example, ''bundók'' (mountain), ''dagat'' (sea), ''dingdíng'' (wall), ''isdâ'' (fish), and ''litid'' (joints) become ''bunrók'', ''ragat'', ''ringríng'', ''isrâ'', and ''litir'', e.g. "sandók sa dingdíng" ("ladle on a wall" or "ladle on the wall", depending on the sentence) becoming "sanrók sa ringríng". However, exceptions are recent loanwords, and if the next consonant after a {{IPA|}} is an {{IPA|}} (''durog'') or an {{IPA|}} (''dilà'').
			* In many ], the progressive aspect infix of ''-um-'' verbs is ''na-''. For example, standard Tagalog ''kumakain'' (eating) is ''nákáin'' in Aurora, Quezon, and Batangas Tagalog. This is the butt of some jokes by other Tagalog speakers, for should a Southern Tagalog ask ''nákáin ka ba ng patíng?'' ("Do you eat shark?"), he would be understood as saying "Has a shark eaten you?" by speakers of the Manila Dialect.
			* Some dialects have interjections which are considered a regional trademark. For example, the interjection ''ala e!'' usually identifies someone from Batangas as does ''hane?!'' in Rizal and Quezon provinces and ''akkaw'' in Aurora.
			Perhaps the most divergent Tagalog dialects are those spoken in Marinduque.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Soberano |first=Ros |title=The Dialects of Marinduque Tagalog |date=1980 |publisher=The Australian National University |series=Pacific Linguistics, Series B, No. 69 |location=Canberra |doi=10.15144/PL-B69 |hdl=1885/144521 |isbn=9780858832169 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Linguist Rosa Soberano identifies two dialects, western and eastern, with the former being closer to the Tagalog dialects spoken in the provinces of Batangas and Quezon.
			One example is the verb conjugation paradigms. While some of the affixes are different, Marinduque also preserves the imperative affixes, also found in Visayan and Bikol languages, that have mostly disappeared from most Tagalog early 20th century; they have since merged with the infinitive.
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
			|-
			! scope="col" | ]
			! scope="col" | Marinduqueño Tagalog
			! scope="col" | English
			|-
			! scope="row" | Susulat siná María at Esperanza kay Juan.
			| Másúlat da María at Esperanza kay Juan.
			| "María and Esperanza will write to Juan."
			|-
			! scope="row" | Mag-aaral siya sa Maynilà.
			| Gaaral siya sa Maynilà.
			| " will study in Manila."
			|-
			! scope="row" | Maglutò ka na.
			| Paglutò.
			| "Cook now."
			|-
			! scope="row" | Kainin mo iyán.
			| Kaina yaan.
			| "Eat it."
			|-
			! scope="row" | Tinatawag tayo ni Tatay.
			| Inatawag nganì kitá ni Tatay.
			| "Father is calling us."
			|-
			! scope="row" | Tútulungan ba kayó ni Hilario?
			| Atulungan ga kamo ni Hilario?
			| "Is Hilario going to help you?"
			|}
			The Manila Dialect is the basis for the national language.
			Outside of Luzon, a variety of Tagalog called Soccsksargen Tagalog (Sox-Tagalog, also called Kabacan Tagalog) is spoken in ], a southwestern region in ], as well as Cotabato City. This "hybrid" Tagalog dialect is a blend of Tagalog (including its dialects) with other languages where they are widely spoken and varyingly heard such as ] (a regional lingua franca), ], ] as well as ] and other indigenous languages native to region, as a result of migraton from ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], Central Luzon, Calabarzon, Mindoro and Marinduque since the turn of 20th century, therefore making the region a melting pot of cultures and languages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-03 |title=On Writing in Hybrid Language: An Interview with Gerald Galindez |url=https://www.yadukaru.com/2020/08/on-writing-in-hybrid-language-interview.html |access-date=2024-10-28 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Pagsusuri sa Varayti at Varyasyon ng Sox-Tagalog: Isang Komparatibong Pag-aaral.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Leceña |first=Hanna A. |date=2023 |title=Mga Tula sa Filipino-SOX na Zines: Túngo sa Pagpapakilala ng Multilingguwal at Multikultural na Komunidad sa Timog Mindanao |journal=Philippine High School for the Arts, Makiling los Baños |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cordial |first=J. |date=2024-07-09 |title=The Morphology of Sox-Tagalog |url=https://medium.com/@jeremiahcordial/the-morphology-of-sox-tagalog-a8288aa4a02d |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref>
			==Phonology==
			{{Main|Tagalog phonology}}
	{{IPA notice}}		{{IPA notice}}
			Tagalog has 21 ]s: 16 of them are ]s and 5 are ]s. Native Tagalog words follow CV(C) ] structure, though complex consonant clusters are permitted in loanwords.<ref name="Himmelmann 2011 351–352">{{cite book | last = Himmelmann | first = Nikolaus P. | author-link = Nikolaus P. Himmelmann | chapter = Tagalog | pages = 351–352 | editor-last = Adelaar | editor-first = Alexander | editor2-last = Himmelmann | editor2-first = Nikolaus P. | title = The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar | year = 2011 | publisher = Routledge | publication-date = 2005 | isbn = 978-0-415-68153-7}}</ref><ref name="Rubino 2002 351–352">{{cite book | last = Rubino | first = Carl R. Galvez | pages = 351–352 | title = Tagalog-English, English-Tagalog Dictionary | year = 2002 | publisher = Hippocrene Books, Inc. | publication-date = 2002 | isbn = 0-7818-0961-4}}</ref><ref name="Guzman 2001 704">{{cite book | last = Guzman | first = Videa | chapter = Tagalog | pages = 704 | editor-last = Garry | editor-first = Jane | editor2-last = Rubino | editor2-first = Carl | title = Facts about the world's languages : an encyclopedia of the world's major languages, past and present | year = 2001 | publisher = New England Publishing Associates | publication-date = 2001 | isbn = 0-8242-0970-2}}</ref><ref name="Quilis 1985 241–243">{{cite book | last = Quilis | first = Antonio | chapter = A Comparison of the Phonemic Systems of Spanish and Tagalog | pages = 241–243 | editor-last = Jankowsky | editor-first = Kurt R. | title = Scientific and Humanistic Dimensions of Language: Festschrift for Robert Lado | year = 1985 | publisher = Benjamins | publication-date = 1985 | isbn = 90-272-2013-1}}</ref><ref name="Tagalog Reference Grammar">{{cite book | last1 = Schachter | first1 = Paul | last2 = Otanes | first2 = Fe T. | pages = 6 | title = Tagalog Reference Grammar | year = 1972 | publisher = University of California Press | publication-date = 1972 | isbn = 0-520-01776-5 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Zamar | first = Sheila | author-link = Sheila Zamar | chapter = Phonology and Spelling | pages = 3–5 | title = Filipino: An Essential Grammar | date = October 31, 2022 | publisher = Routledge | publication-date = 2023 | isbn = 978-1-138-82628-1}}</ref>
	Tagalog has 21 ]s; 16 ]s and five ]s. Syllable structure is relatively simple. Each syllable contains at least a consonant and a vowel.
	===Vowels===		===Vowels===
			Tagalog has five vowels, and four diphthongs.<ref name="Himmelmann 2011 351–352"/><ref name="Rubino 2002 351–352"/><ref name="Guzman 2001 704"/><ref name="Quilis 1985 241–243"/><ref name="Tagalog Reference Grammar"/> Tagalog originally had three vowel phonemes: {{IPA|/a/}}, {{IPA|/i/}}, and {{IPA|/u/}}. Tagalog is now considered to have five vowel phonemes following the introduction of two marginal phonemes from Spanish, /o/ and /e/.
			{| class="wikitable"
	Before the arrival of the Spanish, Tagalog had three vowel phonemes: {{IPA|/a/}}, {{IPA|/i/}}, and {{IPA|/u/}}. This was later expanded to five vowels with the introduction of Spanish words.
			|+caption | '''Table of the five general Tagalog vowel phonemes'''
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			!
			! ]
			! ]
			! ]
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			!]
			| {{IPA link|i}}&nbsp;{{angbr|i}}
			|
			| {{IPA link|u}}&nbsp;{{angbr|u}}
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			! ]
			| {{IPA link|ɛ}}&nbsp;{{angbr|e}}
			|
			| {{IPA link|o̞}}&nbsp;{{angbr|o}}
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			! ]
			|
			| {{IPA link|a}}&nbsp;{{angbr|a}}
			|
			|}
			* {{IPA|/a/}} an ] roughly similar to English "f'''a'''ther"; in the middle of a word, a ] similar to Received Pronunciation "c'''u'''p"; or an ] similar to Received Pronunciation or California English "h'''a'''t"
			* {{IPA|/ɛ/}} an ] similar to General American English "b'''e'''d"
			* {{IPA|/i/}} a ] similar to English "mach'''i'''ne"
			* {{IPA|/o/}} a ] similar to General American English "s'''o'''ul" or Philippine English "f'''o'''rty"
			* {{IPA|/u/}} a ] similar to English "fl'''u'''te"
			Nevertheless, simplification of pairs {{IPA|}} and {{IPA|}} is likely to take place, especially in some Tagalog as second language, remote location and working class registers.
	They are:
			The four ]s are {{IPA|/aj/}}, {{IPA|/uj/}}, {{IPA|/aw/}}, and {{IPA|/iw/}}. Long vowels are not written apart from pedagogical texts, where an acute accent is used: ''á é í ó ú.''<ref name="ELL">{{ELL2|Tagalog}}</ref>
	*{{IPA|/a/}} an ] similar to English "f'''a'''ther"
	*{{IPA|/&#603;/}} an ] similar to English "b'''e'''d"
	*{{IPA|/i/}} a ] similar to English "mach'''i'''ne"
	*{{IPA|/o/}} a ] similar to English "f'''o'''rty"
	*{{IPA|/u/}} a ] similar to English "fl'''u'''te"
			{| class="wikitable"
	There are four main ]; {{IPA|/a&#618;/}}, {{IPA|/o&#618;/}}, {{IPA|/a&#650;/}}, and {{IPA|/i&#650;/}}.
			|+caption | '''Table of all possible realizations of Tagalog vowels'''
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			!
			! ]
			! ]
			! ]
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			! ]
			| '''{{IPA link|i}}'''&nbsp;{{angbr|i}}
			|
			| '''{{IPA link|u}}'''&nbsp;{{angbr|u}}
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			! ]
			| {{IPA link|ɪ}}&nbsp;{{angbr|i}}
			|
			| {{IPA link|ʊ}}&nbsp;{{angbr|u}}
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			! ]
			| {{IPA link|e}}&nbsp;{{angbr|e/i}}
			|
			| {{IPA link|o}}&nbsp;{{angbr|o/u}}
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			! ]
			| {{IPA link|ɛ̝}}&nbsp;{{angbr|e}}
			|
			| '''{{IPA link|o̞}}'''&nbsp;{{angbr|o}}
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			! ]
			| '''{{IPA link|ɛ}}'''&nbsp;{{angbr|e}}
			|
			| {{IPA link|ɔ}}&nbsp;{{angbr|o}}
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			! ]
			|
			| {{IPA link|ɐ}}&nbsp;{{angbr|a}}
			|
			|- style="text-align:center;"
			! ]
			| {{IPA link|a}}&nbsp;{{angbr|a}}
			| '''{{IPA link|ä}}'''&nbsp;{{angbr|a}}
			|
			|}
			The table above shows all the possible realizations for each of the five vowel sounds depending on the speaker's origin or proficiency. The five general vowels are in '''bold'''.
	===Consonants===		===Consonants===
			Below is a chart of Tagalog consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The ] occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word. Loanword variants using these phonemes are italicized inside the angle brackets.
			{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
	Below is a chart of Tagalog consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The ] occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word.
			|+Tagalog consonant phonemes<ref name=ELL/><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Moran |first1=Steven |last2=McCloy |first2=Daniel |last3=Wright |first3=Richard |date=2012 |title=Revisiting population size vs. phoneme inventory size |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2012.0087 |journal=Language |volume=88 |issue=4 |pages=877–893 |doi=10.1353/lan.2012.0087 |hdl=1773/25269 |s2cid=145423518 |issn=1535-0665 |hdl-access=free |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=April 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427092646/https://muse.jhu.edu/article/492552 |url-status=live }}</ref>
	{|class="wikitable"
			! colspan="2" |
			! <small>]</small>
			! <small>]</small>/<small>]</small>
			! <small>]/</small><br><small>]</small>
			! <small>]</small>
			! <small>]</small>
	|-		|-
			! colspan="2" | <small>]</small>
	|colspan=2|
			| {{IPA link|m}}
	|]
			| {{IPA link|n}}
	|] / <br>]
			|
	|]
			| {{IPA link|ŋ}} {{anglebracket|ng}}
	|]
			|
	|]
	|-		|-
	|rowspan=2 | ]		! rowspan="2" | <small>]</small>
			!<small>]</small>
	|Voiceless
			| {{IPA link|p}}
	|p
			| {{IPA link|t}}
	|t
	|		|
			| {{IPA link|k}}
	|k
	| - {{IPA|}}		| {{IPA link|ʔ}}
	|-		|-
			!<small>]</small>
	|Voiced
			|{{IPA link|b}}
	|b
			|{{IPA link|d}}
	|d
	|		|
			|{{IPA link|ɡ}}
	|g
	|		|
	|-		|-
	| rowspan=2 | ]		! rowspan="2" | <small>]</small>
			!<small>]</small>
	|Voiceless
	|		|
			| ({{IPA link|ts}})
	|
			| ({{IPA link|tʃ}}) {{anglebracket|ts, tiy, ty}}
	|(ts, tiy) {{IPA|}}
	|		|
	|		|
	|-		|-
			!<small>]</small>
	|Voiced
	|		|
			| ({{IPA link|dz}})
	|
			| ({{IPA link|dʒ}}) {{anglebracket|dz, diy, dy}}
	|(diy) {{IPA|}}
	|		|
	|		|
	|-		|-
	| colspan=2 | ]		! colspan="2" | <small>]</small>
	|		|
			| {{IPA link|s}}
	|s
			|({{IPA link|ʃ}}) {{anglebracket|siy, sy, ''sh''}}
	|(siy) {{IPA|}}
	|		|
			| {{IPA link|h}} {{anglebracket|h}}
	|h
	|-		|-
	| colspan=2 | ]		! colspan="2" | <small>]</small>
	|m
	|n
	|		|
	|ng {{IPA|}}		| {{IPA link|l}}
			| {{IPA link|j}} {{anglebracket|y}}
			| {{IPA link|w}}
	|		|
	|-		|-
	| colspan=2 | ]		! colspan="2" | <small>]</small>
	|		|
			| {{IPA link|ɾ}} {{anglebracket|r}}
	|l
	|		|
	|		|
	|		|
			|}
			*{{IPA|/k/}} between vowels has a tendency to become {{IPA|}} as in ''loch'', German ''Bach'', whereas in the initial position it has a tendency to become {{IPA|}}, especially in the Manila dialect.
			*Intervocalic {{IPA|/ɡ/}} and {{IPA|/k/}} tend to become {{IPA|}}, as in Spanish ''agua'', especially in the Manila dialect.
			*{{IPA|/ɾ/}} and {{IPA|/d/}} were once allophones, and they still vary grammatically, with initial {{IPA|/d/}} becoming intervocalic {{IPA|/ɾ/}} in many words.<ref name=ELL/>
			*A glottal stop that occurs in ] (before a pause) is omitted when it is in the middle of a phrase,<ref name=ELL/> especially in the Metro Manila area. The vowel it follows is then lengthened. However, it is preserved in many other dialects.
			*The {{IPA|/ɾ/}} phoneme is an alveolar rhotic that has a free variation between a trill, a flap and an approximant ({{IPA|}}).
			*The {{IPA|/dʒ/}} phoneme may become a consonant cluster {{IPA|}} in between vowels such as ''sadyâ'' {{IPA|}}.
			Glottal stop is not indicated.<ref name="ELL" /> Glottal stops are most likely to occur when:
			*the word starts with a vowel, like '''''a'''so'' (dog)
			*the word includes a dash followed by a vowel, like ''mag-'''a'''ral'' (study)
			*the word has two vowels next to each other, like ''pa'''a'''no'' (how)
			*the word starts with a prefix followed by a verb that starts with a vowel, like ''mag-aayos'' ( fix)
			===Stress and final glottal stop===
			] is a ] in Tagalog. Primary stress occurs on either the final or the penultimate syllable of a word. Vowel lengthening accompanies primary or secondary stress except when stress occurs at the end of a word.
			Tagalog words are often distinguished from one another by the position of the stress or the presence of a final glottal stop. In formal or academic settings, stress placement and the glottal stop are indicated by a ] (''tuldík'') above the final vowel.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Himmelmann |first=Nikolaus |title=The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar |date=2005 |publisher=Routledge |editor-last=Adelaar |editor-first=K. Alexander |location=London |pages=350–376 |chapter=Tagalog |editor-last2=Himmelmann |editor-first2=Nikolaus}}</ref> The penultimate primary stress position (''malumay'') is the default stress type and so is left unwritten except in dictionaries.
			{| class="wikitable" style="margin: auto; text-align: center;"
			|+ Phonetic comparison of Tagalog homographs based on stress and final glottal stop
	|-		|-
			! Common spelling
	| colspan=2 | ]
			! Stressed non-ultimate syllable<br/>no diacritic
			! Stressed ultimate syllable<br/>acute accent (´)
			! Unstressed ultimate syllable with glottal stop<br/>grave accent (`)
			! Stressed ultimate syllable with glottal stop<br/>circumflex accent (^)
			|-
			! baba
			| {{IPA|}} ''baba'' ('father')
			| {{IPA|}} ''babá'' ('piggy back')
			| {{IPA|}} ''babà'' ('chin')
			| {{IPA|}} ''babâ'' ('descend ')
			|-
			! baka
			| {{IPA|}} ''baka'' ('cow')
			| {{IPA|}} ''baká'' ('possible')
	|		|
	|r
	|		|
			|-
			! bata
			| {{IPA|}} ''bata'' ('bath robe')
			| {{IPA|}} ''batá'' ('persevere')
			| {{IPA|}} ''batà'' ('child')
			|
			|-
			! bayaran
			| {{IPA|}} ''bayaran'' ('pay ')
			| {{IPA|}} ''bayarán'' ('for hire')
	|		|
	|		|
	|-		|-
			! labi
	| colspan=2 | ]
	|w
	|		|
	|y
	|		|
			| {{IPA|}}/{{IPA|}} ''labì'' ('lips')
			| {{IPA|}}/{{IPA|}} ''labî'' ('remains')
			|-
			! pito
			| {{IPA|}} ''pito'' ('whistle')
			| {{IPA|}} ''pitó'' ('seven')
	|		|
			|
			|-
			! sala
			| {{IPA|}} ''sala'' ('living room')
			| {{IPA|}} ''salá'' ('interweaving ')
			| {{IPA|}} ''salà'' ('sin')
			| {{IPA|}} ''salâ'' ('filtered')
	|}		|}
	===Stress===		==Grammar==
			{{Main|Tagalog grammar|Austronesian alignment}}
			==Writing system==
	Stress is phonemic in Tagalog. Primary stress occurs on either the last or the next-to-the-last (penultimate) syllable of a word. Vowel lengthening accompanies primary or secondary stress except when stress occurs at the end of a word.
			{{see also|Filipino orthography}}
			{{Contains special characters|Baybayin}}
			Tagalog, like other Philippines languages today, is written using the Latin alphabet. Prior to the arrival of the Spanish in 1521 and the beginning of their colonization in 1565, Tagalog was written in an ]—or ]—called ]. This system of writing gradually gave way to the use and propagation of the Latin alphabet as introduced by the Spanish. As the Spanish began to record and create grammars and dictionaries for the various languages of the Philippine archipelago, they adopted systems of writing closely following the orthographic customs of the Spanish language and were refined over the years. Until the first half of the 20th century, most Philippine languages were widely written in a variety of ways based on Spanish orthography.
	===Phonology===
			In the late 19th century, a number of educated Filipinos began proposing for revising the spelling system used for Tagalog at the time. In 1884, Filipino doctor and student of languages ] published his study on the ancient Tagalog script ''Contribucion para el Estudio de los Antiguos Alfabetos Filipinos'' and in 1887, published his essay ''El Sanscrito en la lengua Tagalog'' which made use of a new writing system developed by him. Meanwhile, Jose Rizal, inspired by Pardo de Tavera's 1884 work, also began developing a new system of orthography (unaware at first of Pardo de Tavera's own orthography).<ref name="Is k foreign 19" /> A major noticeable change in these proposed orthographies was the use of the letter ⟨k⟩ rather than ⟨c⟩ and ⟨q⟩ to represent the phoneme {{IPA|/k/}}.
	*{{IPA|/a/}} is raised slightly in unstressed positions
	*Unstressed {{IPA|/i/}} is usually pronounced {{IPA|}} as in English "b'''i'''t"
	*At the end of a word, {{IPA|/i/}} can be pronounced as {{IPA|}} or {{IPA|}}.
	*{{IPA|/e/}} and {{IPA|/o/}} can sometimes be pronounced as {{IPA|}} and {{IPA|}}
	*Unstressed {{IPA|/u/}} is usually pronounced {{IPA|}} as in English "b'''oo'''k"
	*The diphthong {{IPA|/a&#618;/}} at the beginning or middle of the word can also be pronounced {{IPA|}}
	*The diphthong {{IPA|/a&#650;/}} at the beginning or middle of the word can also be pronounced {{IPA|}}
	*{{IPA|/k/}} has a tendency to become {{IPA|}} between vowels as in German "ba'''ch'''"
	*{{IPA|/&#638;/}} and {{IPA|/d/}} are sometimes interchangeable as {{IPA|/&#638;/}} and {{IPA|/d/}} were once allophones in Tagalog.
	*A glottal stop that occurs at the end of a word is often omitted when it's in the middle of a sentence.
			In 1889, the new bilingual Spanish-Tagalog ''La España Oriental'' newspaper, of which ] was an editor, began publishing using the new orthography stating in a footnote that it would "use the orthography recently introduced by ... learned Orientalis". This new orthography, while having its supporters, was also not initially accepted by several writers. Soon after the first issue of ''La España'', ]'s ''Revista Católica de Filipina'' began a series of articles attacking the new orthography and its proponents. A fellow writer, Pablo Tecson was also critical. Among the attacks was the use of the letters "k" and "w" as they were deemed to be of German origin and thus its proponents were deemed as "unpatriotic". The publishers of these two papers would eventually merge as ''La Lectura Popular'' in January 1890 and would eventually make use of both spelling systems in its articles.<ref name="k is for">{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Megan C. |date=2007 |title=K is for De-Kolonization: Anti-Colonial Nationalism and Orthographic Reform |journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=938–967 |doi=10.1017/S0010417507000813 |s2cid=144161531}}</ref><ref name="Is k foreign 19">{{Cite web |title= Is 'K' a Foreign Agent? Orthography and Patriotism: Accusations of Foreign-ness of the ''Revista Católica de Filipina'' |url=http://www.espanito.com/is-k-a-foreign-agent-orthography-and-patriotism-in-the-late-19.html?part=6 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213092441/http://www.espanito.com/is-k-a-foreign-agent-orthography-and-patriotism-in-the-late-19.html?part=6 |archive-date=December 13, 2019 |access-date=June 2, 2018 |website=espanito.com}}</ref> Pedro Laktaw, a schoolteacher, published the first Spanish-Tagalog dictionary using the new orthography in 1890.<ref name="k is for" />
	===Historical sound changes===
			In April 1890, Jose Rizal authored an article ''Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagalog'' in the Madrid-based periodical ]. In it, he addressed the criticisms of the new writing system by writers like Pobrete and Tecson and the simplicity, in his opinion, of the new orthography. Rizal described the orthography promoted by Pardo de Tavera as "more perfect" than what he himself had developed.<ref name="k is for" /> The new orthography was, however, not broadly adopted initially and was used inconsistently in the bilingual periodicals of Manila until the early 20th century.<ref name="k is for" /> The revolutionary society Kataás-taasan, Kagalang-galang Katipunan ng̃ mg̃á Anak ng̃ Bayan or ] made use of the k-orthography and the letter k featured prominently on many of its flags and insignias.<ref name="k is for" />
	Tagalog differs from its Central Philippine counterparts with its treatment of the ] ] vowel {{IPA|*&#601;}}. In Bikol & Visayan, this sound merged with {{IPA|/u/}} and {{IPA|}}. In Tagalog, it has merged with {{IPA|/i/}}. For example, Proto-Philippine {{IPA|*d&#601;k&#601;t}} (adhere, stick) is Tagalog ''dikít'' and Visayan & Bikol ''dukot''.
			In 1937, Tagalog was selected to serve as basis for the country's ]. In 1940, the ''Balarilâ ng Wikang Pambansâ'' ({{langx|en|Grammar of the National Language}}) of grammarian ] introduced the ] alphabet. This alphabet consists of 20 letters and became the standard alphabet of the national language.<ref name="ebolusyon">{{Cite web |title=Ebolusyon ng Alpabetong Filipino |url=http://wika.pbworks.com/Kasaysayan |access-date=June 22, 2010 |website=wika.pbworks.com |archive-date=February 21, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100221013557/http://wika.pbworks.com/Kasaysayan |url-status=live }}</ref>{{better source needed|date=April 2022}} The orthography as used by Tagalog would eventually influence and spread to the systems of writing used by other Philippine languages (which had been using variants of the Spanish-based system of writing). In 1987, the Abakada was dropped and replaced by the expanded Filipino alphabet.
	Proto-Philippine {{IPA|*r}}, {{IPA|*j}}, and {{IPA|*z}} merged with {{IPA|/d/}} but is {{IPA|/l/}} between vowels. Proto-Philippine {{IPA|*ngajan}} (name) and {{IPA|*haj&#601;k}} (kiss) became Tagalog ''ngalan'' and ''halík''.
			===Baybayin===
	Proto-Philippine {{IPA|*R}} merged with {{IPA|/g/}}. {{IPA|*tubiR}} (water) and {{IPA|*zuRu&#660;}} (blood) became Tagalog ''tubig'' and ''dugô''.
			{{Main|Baybayin}}
			Tagalog was written in an ] (]) called ] prior to the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, in the 16th century. This particular ] was composed of symbols representing three ]s and 14 ]s. Belonging to the ] of scripts, it shares similarities with the ] script of ] and is believed to be descended from the script used by the ] in ].
	== Grammar ==
			Although it enjoyed a relatively high level of literacy, Baybayin gradually fell into disuse in favor of the ] taught by the Spaniards during their rule.
	:''Main article: ]''
			There has been confusion of how to use Baybayin, which is actually an ], or an ], rather than an ]. Not every letter in the Latin alphabet is represented with one of those in the Baybayin alphasyllabary. Rather than letters being put together to make sounds as in Western languages, Baybayin uses symbols to represent syllables.
	== Writing system ==
			A "kudlít" resembling an apostrophe is used above or below a symbol to change the vowel sound after its consonant. If the kudlit is used above, the vowel is an "E" or "I" sound. If the kudlit is used below, the vowel is an "O" or "U" sound. A special kudlit was later added by Spanish missionaries in which a cross placed below the symbol to get rid of the vowel sound all together, leaving a consonant. Previously, the consonant without a following vowel was simply left out (for example, ''bundók'' being rendered as ''budo''), forcing the reader to use context when reading such words.
	=== Baybayin ===
			Example:
	:''Main article: ]''
			<div style="text-align:center; margin:1em 0;">]</div>
			{|
	Tagalog was written in an ] called ] prior to the arrival of the Spaniards in the 16th century. This particular ] was composed of symbols representing three ]s and 14 ]s. Belonging to the ] of scripts, it shares similarities with the old ] script of ] and is believed to be descended from the script used by the ] in ].
			|- style="vertical-align:top;"
			|
	Although it enjoyed a relatively high level of literacy, the script gradually fell into disuse in favor of the ] during Spanish colonial rule.
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
			|+ vowels
			! scope="row" |
			| {{script|Tglg| ᜔}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | a
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜀ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | i<br />''e''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜁ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | u <br /> ''o''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜂ}}
			|}
			|
	=== Latin alphabet ===
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
			|+ b
			! scope="row" | b
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜊ᜔}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | ba
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜊ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | bi<br />''be''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜊᜒ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | bu <br /> ''bo''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜊᜓ}}
			|}
			|
	Until the first half of the 20th century, Tagalog was widely written in a variety of ways based on Spanish orthography. When Tagalog became the national language, grammarian Lope K. Santos introduced a new alphabet consisting of 20 letters called ''ABAKADA'' in school grammar books called ''balarilà''; A B K D E G H I L M N NG O P R S T U W Y.
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
			|+ k
			! scope="row" | k
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜃ᜔}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | ka
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜃ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | ki<br />''ke''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜃᜒ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | ku <br /> ''ko''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜃᜓᜓ}}
			|}
			|
	The alphabet was again expanded in 1976 to include the letters C, CH, F, J, Q, RR, V, X, and Z in order to accommodate words of Spanish and English origin.
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
			|+ d/r
			! scope="row" | d/r
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜇ᜔}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | da/ra
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜇ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | di/ri<br />''de/re''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜇᜒ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | du/ru <br /> ''do/ro''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜇᜓ}}
			|}
			|
	The most recent reform of the alphabet occurred in 1987. The number of letters was reduced from 33 to 28; A B C D E F G H I J K L M N Ñ Ng O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z.
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
			|+ g
			! scope="row" | g
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜄ᜔}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | ga
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜄ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | gi<br />''ge''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜄᜒ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | gu <br /> ''go''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜄᜓ}}
			|}
			|
	==== Diacritics ====
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
			|+ h
			! scope="row" | h
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜑ᜔}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | ha
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜑ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | hi<br />''he''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜑᜒ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | hu <br /> ''ho''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜑᜓ}}
			|}
			|
	Diacritics are normally not written in everyday usage, be it in publications or personal correspondence. The teaching of diacritics is inconsistent in Filipino schools and many Filipinos do not know how to use them. However, diacritics are normally used in dictionaries and in textbooks aimed at teaching the languages to foreigners.
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
			|+ l
			! scope="row" | l
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜎ᜔}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | la
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜎ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | li<br />''le''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜎᜒ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | lu <br /> ''lo''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜎᜓ}}
			|}
			|
	There are three kinds of diacritics used in Tagalog:
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
			|+ m
			! scope="row" | m
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜋ᜔}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | ma
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜋ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | mi<br />''me''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜋᜒ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | mu <br /> ''mo''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜋᜓ}}
			|}
			|
	;Acute accent or ''pahilís'' : Used to indicate primary or secondary stress on a particular syllable. It is usually omitted on words that are stressed on the penultimate syllable; ''talagá''.
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
			|+ n
			! scope="row" | n
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜈ᜔}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | na
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜈ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | ni<br />''ne''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜈᜒ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | nu <br /> ''no''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜈᜓ}}
			|}
			|
	;Grave accent or ''paiwà'' : Placed only on the last syllable. It indicates that there is a ] at the end of the word and that penultimate syllable receives stress; ''mabutì''.
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
			|+ ng
			! scope="row" | ng
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜅ᜔}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | nga
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜅ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | ngi<br />''nge''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜅᜒ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | ngu <br /> ''ngo''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜅᜓ}}
			|}
			|
	;Circumflex accent or ''pakupyâ'' : Placed only on the last syllable. It indicates that the final syllable of a word receives stress while there is a glottal stop that follows; ''sampû''.
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
			|+ p
			! scope="row" | p
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜉ᜔}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | pa
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜉ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | pi<br />''pe''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜉᜒ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | pu <br /> ''po''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜉᜓ}}
			|}
			|
	==== ''ng'' and ''mga'' ====
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
			|+ s
			! scope="row" | s
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜐ᜔}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | sa
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜐ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | si<br />''se''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜐᜒ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | su <br /> ''so''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜐᜓ}}
			|}
			|
	The genitive marker ''ng'' and the plural marker ''mga'' are abbreviations that are pronounced ''nang'' {{IPA|}} and ''mangá'' {{IPA|}}.
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
			|+ t
			! scope="row" | t
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜆ᜔}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | ta
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜆ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | ti<br />''te''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜆᜒ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | tu <br /> ''to''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜆᜓ}}
			|}
			|
	==Vocabulary and borrowed words==
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
			|+ w
			! scope="row" | w
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜏ᜔}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | wa
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜏ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | wi<br />''we''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜏᜒ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | wu <br /> ''wo''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜏᜓ}}
			|}
			|
	Tagalog vocabulary is composed mostly of words of Austronesian origin with borrowings from Spanish, ] (also known as ] or Fujianese), Malay, ], ], ], ], ], languages spoken on ], and others, especially other Austronesian languages.
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
			|+ y
			! scope="row" | y
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜌ᜔}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | ya
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜌ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | yi<br />''ye''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜌᜒ}}
			|-
			! scope="row" | yu <br /> ''yo''
			| {{script|Tglg|ᜌᜓ}}
			|}
			|}
	English has borrowed some words from Tagalog, such as abaca, adobo, aggrupation, barong, balisong, boondocks, jeepney, Manila hemp, pancit, and yaya, although the vast majority of these borrowed words are only used in the Philippines as part of the vocabularies of ].
			===Latin alphabet===
	===Tagalog words of foreign origin chart===
			====Abecedario====
			Until the first half of the 20th century, Tagalog was widely written in a variety of ways based on Spanish orthography consisting of 32 letters called ''''ABECEDARIO'''' (]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gómez Rivera |first=Guillermo |author-link=Guillermo Gómez Rivera |date=April 10, 2001 |title=The Evolution of the Native Tagalog Alphabet |url=http://emanila.com/news/opinion/ggrivera_2001_04_10_opinion_tagalog.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919003751/http://emanila.com/news/opinion/ggrivera_2001_04_10_opinion_tagalog.html |archive-date=September 19, 2013 |access-date=August 3, 2010 |website=Emanila News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Signey |first=Richard C. |date=2005 |title=The Evolution and Disappearance of the "Ğ" in Tagalog Orthography since the 1593 Doctrina Christiana |url=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18813686 |url-status=dead |journal=Philippine Journal of Linguistics |volume=36 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113010354/http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18813686 |archive-date=January 13, 2012 |access-date=August 3, 2010}}</ref> The additional letters from the 26-letter ] are: ch, ll, ng, ñ, n͠g / ñg, and rr.
			{| class="wikitable"
	See main article: ]
	For the Min Nan Chinese borrowings, the parentheses indicate the equivalent in standard Chinese.
	{|class="wikitable"
	! style="background:#efefef;" | Tagalog
	! style="background:#efefef;" | meaning
	! style="background:#efefef;" | language of origin
	! style="background:#efefef;" | original spelling
	|-		|-
			! Majuscule !! Minuscule !! Majuscule !! Minuscule
	|dasál
	|pray
	|Spanish
	|rezar
	|-		|-
	|kabayo		| A || a || Ng || ng
	|horse
	|Spanish
	|caballo
	|-		|-
	|silya		| B || b || Ñ || ñ
	|chair
	|Spanish
	|silla
	|-		|-
	|kotse		| C || c || N͠g / Ñg || n͠g / ñg
	|car
	|Spanish
	|coche
	|-		|-
	|sabón		| Ch || ch || O || o
	|soap
	|Spanish
	|jabón
	|-		|-
	|relós		| D || d || P || p
	|watch
	|Spanish
	|reloj
	|-		|-
	|tsismis		| E || e || Q || q
	|gossip
	|Spanish
	|chismes
	|-		|-
	|gyera, gera		| F || f || R || r
	|war
	|Spanish
	|guerra
	|-		|-
	|tsinelas		| G || g || Rr || rr
	|slippers
	|Spanish
	|chinelas
	|-		|-
	|sapatos		| H || h || S || s
	|shoes
	|Spanish
	|zapatos
	|-		|-
	|harina		| I || i || T || t
	|flour
	|Spanish
	|harina
	|-		|-
	|sugál		| J || j || U || u
	|gambling
	|Spanish
	|jugar
	|-		|-
			| K || k || V || v
	|baryo
	|village
	|Spanish
	|barrio
	|-		|-
			| L || l || W || w
	|swerte
	|luck
	|Spanish
	|suerte
	|-		|-
			| Ll || ll || X || x
	|ensaymada
	|a kind of pastry
	|]
	|ensaïmada
	|-		|-
	|nars		| M || m || Y || y
	|nurse
	|English
	|&nbsp;
	|-		|-
	|bolpen		| N || n || Z || z
			|}
	|ballpoint pen
	|English
			====Abakada====
	|&nbsp;
			{{Main|Abakada alphabet}}
			When the national language was based on Tagalog, grammarian Lope K. Santos introduced a new alphabet consisting of 20 letters called ''Abakada'' in school grammar books called ''balarilâ''.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781566399388/page/ |title=Contemporary Asian American Communities: Intersections and Divergences |date=2002 |publisher=Temple University Press |isbn=978-1-56639-938-8 |editor-last=Võ |editor-first=Linda Trinh |pages=96, 100 |ref={{Harvid|Trinh|Bonus|2002}} |editor-last2=Bonus |editor-first2=Rick}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1971 |url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=k6oqAAAAMAAJ }} |journal=Philippine Journal of Education |title=Philippine Journal of Education |volume=50 |page=556}}</ref>{{full citation needed|date=April 2022}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Martin |first=Perfecto T. |url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=Bv5HAAAAMAAJ }} |title=Diksiyunaryong Adarna: Mga Salita at Larawan para sa Bata |date=1986 |publisher=Children's Communication Center |isbn=978-971-12-1118-9}}</ref> The only letter not in the ] is ng.
			{| class="wikitable"
	|-		|-
			! Majuscule !! Minuscule !! Majuscule !! Minuscule
	|drayber
	|driver
	|English
	|&nbsp;
	|-		|-
			| A || a || N || n
	|tráysikel
	|tricycle
	|English
	|&nbsp;
	|-		|-
	|lumpiâ		| B || b || Ng || ng
	|spring roll
	|Min Nan Chinese
	|&#28516;&#39173; (&#26149;&#25458;)
	|-		|-
	|siopao		| K || k || O || o
	|steamed buns
	|Min Nan Chinese
	|&#29138;&#21253; (&#32905;&#21253;)
	|-		|-
	|pansít		| D || d || P || p
	|noodles
	|Min Nan Chinese
	|&#20415;&#39135; (&#40629;)
	|-		|-
	|susì		| E || e || R || r
	|key
	|Min Nan Chinese
	|&#37782;&#21273;
	|-		|-
	|kuya		| G || g || S || s
	|older brother
	|Min Nan Chinese
	|&#21733;&#20122; (&#21733;&#20180;)
	|-		|-
	|ate		| H || h || T || t
	|older sister
	|Min Nan Chinese
	|&#20124;&#22992; (&#38463;&#22992;)
	|-		|-
	|bwisit		| I || i || U || u
	|annoyance
	|Min Nan Chinese
	|&#28961;&#34915;&#39135;
	|-		|-
	|bakyâ		| L || l || W || w
	|wooden shoes
	|Min Nan Chinese
	|&#26408;&#23653;
	|-		|-
	|hikaw		| M || m || Y || y
			|}
	|earrings
	|Min Nan Chinese
			====Revised alphabet====
	|&#32819;&#37390; (&#32819;&#29872;)
			{{Main|Filipino alphabet}}
			In 1987, the ] issued a memo stating that the Philippine alphabet had changed from the Pilipino-Tagalog Abakada version to a new 28-letter alphabet<ref>{{Harvnb|Trinh|Bonus|2002|pp=, }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Perdon |first=Renato |url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=4X1Musto3h0C }} |title=Pocket Tagalog Dictionary: Tagalog-English/English-Tagalog |date=2005 |publisher=Periplus Editions |isbn=978-0-7946-0345-8 |pages=}}</ref> to make room for loans, especially family names from Spanish and English.<ref>{{Cite book |url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=tM3PrFFSiVgC }} |title=Undoing and Redoing Corpus Planning |date=1997 |publisher=Mouton de Gruyter |isbn=3-11-015509-5 |editor-last=Clyne |editor-first=Michael |page=}}</ref> The additional letters from the 26-letter ] are: ñ, ng.
			{| class="wikitable"
	|-		|-
			! Majuscule !! Minuscule !! Majuscule !! Minuscule
	|kanan
	|right
	|Malay
	|kanan
	|-		|-
			| A || a || Ñ || ñ
	|tulong
	|help
	|Malay
	|tolong
	|-		|-
			| B || b || Ng || ng
	|tanghalì
	|afternoon
	|Malay
	|tengah hari
	|-		|-
			| C || c || O || o
	|dalamhatì
	|grief
	|Malay
	|dalam + hati
	|-		|-
			| D || d || P || p
	|luwalhatì
	|glory
	|Malay
	|luwar + hati
	|-		|-
			| E || e || Q || q
	|duryán
	|durian
	|Malay
	|durian
	|-		|-
			| F || f || R || r
	|rambután
	|rambutan
	|Malay
	|rambutan
	|-		|-
			| G || g || S || s
	|batík
	|spot
	|Malay
	|batik
	|-		|-
			| H || h || T || t
	|saráp
	|delicious
	|Malay
	|sedap
	|-		|-
	|asa		| I || i || U || u
	|hope
	|Sanskrit
	|&#2310;&#2358;&#2366;
	|-		|-
	|salitâ		| J || j || V || v
	|speak
	|Sanskrit
	|&#2330;&#2352;&#2367;&#2340;&#2305; (cerita)
	|-		|-
	|balità		| K || k || W || w
	|news
	|Sanskrit
	|&#2357;&#2366;&#2352;&#2381;&#2340;&#2366; (berita)
	|-		|-
			| L || l || X || x
	|karma
	|karma
	|Sanskrit
	|कर्म
	|-		|-
	|alak		| M || m || Y || y
	|liquor
	|Persian
	|&#1575;&#1604;&#1603;&#1604;
	|-		|-
			| N || n || Z || z
	|manggá
			|}
	|mango
	|Tamil
			====''ng'' and ''mga''====
	|mankay
			{{See also|ng (digraph)}}
			The ] marker ''ng'' and the plural marker ''mga'' (e.g. ''Iyan ang '''mga''' damít ko.'' (Those are my clothe'''s''')) are abbreviations that are pronounced ''nang'' {{IPA|}} and ''mangá'' {{IPA|}}. ''Ng'', in most cases, roughly translates to "of" (ex. ''Siyá ay kapatíd '''ng''' nanay ko.'' She is the sibling ''of'' my mother) while ''nang'' usually means "when" or can describe how something is done or to what extent (equivalent to the suffix ''-ly'' in English adverbs), among other uses.
			* '''''Nang''' si Hudas ay nadulás.''—When ] slipped.
			* ''Gumising siya '''nang''' <u>maaga</u>.''—He woke up <u>early</u>.
			* ''Gumalíng '''nang''' <u>{{sic|hide=y|todo}}</u> si Juan dahil nag-ensayo siyá.''—Juan <u>greatly</u> improved because he practiced.
			In the first example, ''nang'' is used in lieu of the word ''noong'' (when; ''<u>Noong</u> si Hudas ay madulás''). In the second, ''nang'' describes that the person woke up (''gumising'') early (''maaga''); ''gumising nang maaga''. In the third, ''nang'' described up to what extent that Juan improved (''gumalíng''), which is "greatly" (''nang {{sic|hide=y|todo}}''). In the latter two examples, the ligature ''na'' and its variants ''-ng'' and ''-g'' may also be used (''Gumising <u>na</u> maaga/Maaga<u>ng</u> gumising''; ''Gumalíng <u>na</u> {{sic|hide=y|todo}}/Todo<u>ng</u> gumalíng'').
			The longer ''nang'' may also have other uses, such as a ] that joins a repeated word:
			*''Naghintáy sila '''nang''' naghintáy.''—They kept on waiting" (a closer calque: "They were waiting and waiting.")
			===''pô/hô'' and ''opò/ohò''===
			The words {{lang|tl|pô/hô}} originated from the word "{{lang|tl|Panginoon}}." and "{{lang|tl|Poon}}." ("Lord."). When combined with the basic affirmative {{lang|tl|Oo}} "yes" (from ] *heqe), the resulting forms are {{lang|tl|opò}} and {{lang|tl|ohò}}.
			"{{lang|tl|Pô}}" and "{{lang|tl|opò}}" are specifically used to denote a high level of respect when addressing older persons of close affinity like parents, relatives, teachers and family friends. "{{lang|tl|Hô}}" and "{{lang|tl|ohò}}" are generally used to politely address older neighbours, strangers, public officials, bosses and nannies, and may suggest a distance in societal relationship and respect determined by the addressee's social rank and not their age. However, "{{lang|tl|pô}}" and "{{lang|tl|opò}}" can be used in any case in order to express an elevation of respect.
			*Example: "{{lang|tl|Pakitapon namán '''pô/hô''' yung basura.}}" ("Please throw away the trash.")
			Used in the affirmative:
			*Ex: "{{lang|tl|Gutóm ka na ba?" "'''Opò/Ohò'''}}". ("Are you hungry yet?" "Yes.")
			{{lang|tl|Pô/Hô}} may also be used in negation.
			*Ex: "{{lang|tl|Hindi ko '''pô/hô''' alám 'yan.}}" ("I don't know that.")
			==Vocabulary and borrowed words==
			{{see also|List of loanwords in Tagalog}}
			Tagalog vocabulary is mostly of native Austronesian or Tagalog origin, such as most of the words that end with the ] -iw, (e.g. giliw) and words that exhibit ] (e.g. halo-halo, patpat, etc.). Besides inherited cognates, this also accounts for innovations in Tagalog vocabulary, especially traditional ones within its dialects. Tagalog has also incorporated many Spanish and English loanwords; the necessity of which increases in more technical parlance.
			In precolonial times, ] was widely known and spoken throughout ], contributing a significant number of Malay vocabulary into the Tagalog language. Malay loanwords, identifiable or not, may often already be considered native as these have existed in the language before colonisation.
			Tagalog also includes loanwords from ] (] and ], mostly through Malay), ]s (mostly ], followed by ], ], etc.), ], ] and ].
			English has borrowed some words from Tagalog, such as abaca, barong, ], ], ], Manila hemp, ], ylang-ylang, and yaya. Some of these loanwords are more often used in ].<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 13, 2021 |title=English Words Used in Filipino |url=https://www.filipinopod101.com/blog/2021/05/13/english-loanwords-in-filipino/ |access-date=July 19, 2022 |website=FilipinoPod101.com Blog |language=en |archive-date=July 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719095214/https://www.filipinopod101.com/blog/2021/05/13/english-loanwords-in-filipino/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
			|+ Other examples of Tagalog words used in English
			! scope="col " | Example
			! scope="col " | Definition
	|-		|-
			! scope="row" | ]
	|bagay
			| meaning "rural" or "back country", borrowed through American soldiers stationed in the Philippines in the Philippine–American War as a corruption of the Tagalog word ''bundok'', which means "mountain"
	|thing
	|Tamil
	|/vakai/
	|-		|-
			! scope="row" | ]
	|hukóm
			| a type of grass, used for thatching, came from the Tagalog word ''kugon'' (a species of tall grass)
	|judge
	|Arabic
	|&#1581;&#1603;&#1605;
	|-		|-
			! scope="row" | ]
	|salamat
			| a tree whose fragrant flowers are used in perfumes
	|thanks
	|Arabic
	|&#1587;&#1604;&#1575;&#1605;&#1577;
	|-		|-
			! scope="row" | ]
	|bakit
			| a type of hemp fiber made from a plant in the banana family, came from the Tagalog word ''abaká''
	|why
	|Kapampangan
	|obakit
	|-		|-
			! scope="row" | ]
	|akyát
			| a light brown cardboard material used for folders and paper, usually made from abaca hemp, from ], the capital of the ]
	|climb
	|Kapampangan
	|akyát
	|-		|-
			! scope="row" | ]
	|at
			| a type of marine mollusc also known as a "windowpane oyster" used to make windows
	|and
			|}
	|Kapampangan
	|at
			Tagalog has contributed several words to ], like ''barangay'' (from ''balan͠gay,'' meaning ''barrio''), the ''abacá'', ''cogon'', ''palay'', ''dalaga'' etc.
			<!--
			abaca&nbsp;— Via Spanish. http://en.wiktionary.org/abaca#Etymology "Tagalog name for the plant, via Spanish abacá"
			adobo&nbsp;— May be heard from communities with interest in Filipino cuisine. Reminiscent of the Hispanic concept. (Dec 2021, Myrnamyers)
			aggrupation&nbsp;— Rarely heard outside of FilAm communities.
			barong&nbsp;— Rarely heard outside of FilAm communities.
			balisong&nbsp;— A popular term among international enthusiasts of this type of knife; interchangeable with the term "butterfly knife". (Dec 2021, Myrnamyers)
			boondocks&nbsp;— Yes.
			jeepney&nbsp;— Rarely heard outside of FilAm communities.
			Manila hemp&nbsp;— Someone must be kidding here. For "Hemp" see ]. ... in response to this, the word being referred to is the adjective "manila". (Dec 2021, Myrnamyers)
			pancit&nbsp;— Rarely heard outside of FilAm communities.
			ylang ylang&nbsp;— Rarely heard outside of FilAm communities.
			yaya&nbsp;— Rarely heard outside of FilAm communities.
			-->
			===Tagalog words of foreign origin===
			{{Main|List of loanwords in Tagalog}}
			==Taglish (Englog)==
			{{more citations needed section|date=July 2024}}
			{{main|Taglish}}
			{{See also|Singlish|Spanglish}}
			''Taglish'' and ''Englog'' are names given to a mix of English and Tagalog. The amount of English vs. Tagalog varies from the occasional use of English loan words to changing language in mid-sentence. Such code-switching is prevalent throughout the Philippines and in various languages of the Philippines other than Tagalog.<ref name="Bautista-2004">{{cite journal |last1=Bautista |first1=Maria Lourdes S. |title=Tagalog-English Code Switching as a Mode of Discourse |journal=Asia Pacific Education Review |date=June 2004 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=226–231 |doi=10.1007/BF03024960 |url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ720543.pdf |access-date=July 3, 2023 |publisher=Education Research Institute, ] |issn=1598-1037 |oclc=425894528 |s2cid=145684166}}</ref>
			Code-mixing also entails the use of foreign words that are "Filipinized" by reforming them using Filipino rules, such as verb conjugations. Users typically use Filipino or English words, whichever comes to mind first or whichever is easier to use.
			{{Verse translation
			|Magshoshopping kamí sa mall. Sino ba ang magdadrive sa shopping center?
			|We will go shopping at the mall. Who will drive to the shopping center?
			}}
			Urbanites are the most likely to speak like this.
			The practice is common in television, radio, and print media as well.<ref name="Bautista-2004" /> Advertisements from companies like ], ], ], ] and ] have contained Taglish.
			===Cognates with other Philippine languages===
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
	|-		|-
			! scope="col" | Tagalog word
	|bundók
			! scope="col" | Meaning
	|mountain
			! scope="col" | Language of cognate
	|Kapampangan
			! scope="col" | Spelling
	|bunduk
	|-		|-
			! scope="row" | bakit
	|huwág
			| why (from ''bakin'' + ''at'')
	|don't
			| ]
	|Pangasinan
			| obakit
	|ag
	|-		|-
			! scope="row" | akyát
	|aso
			| climb/step up
	|dog
			| Kapampangan
	|Luzon languages
			| ukyát/mukyát
	|aso
	|-		|-
			! scope="row" | bundók
	|tayo
			| mountain
	|we (inc.)
			| Kapampangan
	|Luzon languages
			| bunduk
	|&nbsp;
			|-
			! scope="row" | at
			| and
			| Kapampangan <br />]
			| at <br />tan
			|-
			! scope="row" | aso
			| dog
			| Kapampangan and ] <br />Pangasinan, ], and ]
			| asu <br />aso
			|-
			! scope="row" | huwág
			| don't
			| Pangasinan
			| ag
			|-
			! scope="row" | tayo
			| we (inc.)
			| Pangasinan <br />Ilocano <br />Kapampangan <br />] <br />Maguindanao <br />Maranao <br />] <br />] <br />] <br />] <br />]
			| sikatayo <br />datayo <br />ikatamu <br />kitaniyu <br />tanu <br />tano <br />yaten <br />sittam <br />sikitam <br />ikkanetam <br />tekuy
			|-
			! scope="row" | itó, nitó
			| this, its
			| Ilocano <br />]
			| to <br />iyó/ini
			|-
			! scope="row" | ng
			| of
			| ] <br />] <br />] <br />Kapampangan <br />Pangasinan <br />Bicolano <br />Ilocano
			| sa/og <br />sang/sing <br />han/hin/san/sin <br />ning <br />na <br />kan/nin <br />a
			|-
			! scope="row" | araw
			| sun; day
			| ] <br />Kapampangan <br />Pangasinan <br />Bicolano (]/]) and Ilocano <br />] <br />Ivatan <br />Ibanag<br />Yogad <br />Gaddang <br />Tboli
			| adlaw <br />aldo <br />agew <br />aldaw <br />aldəw <br />araw <br />aggaw <br />agaw <br />aw <br />kdaw
			|-
			! scope="row" | ang
			| definite article
			| Visayan languages (except Waray) <br />Bicolano and Waray
			| ang <br />an
	|}		|}
			==Comparisons with Austronesian languages==
	===Austronesian comparison chart===
			Below is a chart of Tagalog and a number of other Austronesian languages ] thirteen words.
			{| class="wikitable sortable"
	Below is a chart of Tagalog and thirteen other Austronesian languages comparing twelve words; the first twelve languages are spoken in the Philippines and the other two are spoken in Indonesia and in Hawai'i.
			|-
			! scope="col" | English
	{|class="wikitable"
	! style="background:#efefef;" | &nbsp;		! scope="col" | one
	! style="background:#efefef;" | one		! scope="col" | two
	! style="background:#efefef;" | two		! scope="col" | three
	! style="background:#efefef;" | three		! scope="col" | four
	! style="background:#efefef;" | four		! scope="col" | person
	! style="background:#efefef;" | person		! scope="col" | house
	! style="background:#efefef;" | house		! scope="col" | dog
	! style="background:#efefef;" | dog		! scope="col" | coconut
	! style="background:#efefef;" | coconut		! scope="col" | day
	! style="background:#efefef;" | day		! scope="col" | new
			! scope="col" | we (inclusive)
	! style="background:#efefef;" | new
			! scope="col" | what
	! style="background:#efefef;" | !we (inc.)
	! style="background:#efefef;" | what		! scope="col" | fire
			|-
			! scope="row" | Tagalog
			| isá
			| dalawá
			| tatló
			| apat
			| tao
			| bahay
			| aso
			| niyóg
			| araw
			| bago
			| táyo
			| anó
			| apóy
			|-
			! scope="row" | ] (])
			| esa
			| zua/rua
			| telu
			| epat
			| tou
			| walé
			| asu
			| po'po'
			| endo
			| weru
			| kai/kita
			| apa
			| api
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]
			| sarô
			| rowspan="2" | duwa
			| rowspan="2" | tulo
			| apat
			| tawo
			| harong
			| ayam
			| niyog
			| rowspan="2" | aldaw
			| rowspan="2" | bâgo
			| rowspan="2" | kita
			| ano
			| kalayo
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]
			| rowspan="2" | əsad
			| rowspan="2" | əpat
			| taw
			| balay
			| ayam/ido
			| nuyog
			| unu/uno
			| rowspan="2" | kalayō
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]
			| darwā
			| tolō
			| tawō
			| baləy
			| ayam
			| noyog
			| aldəw
			| bāgo
			| kitā
			| onō
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]
			| usá
			| rowspan="2" | duhá
			| rowspan="2" | tuló
			| rowspan="2" | upát
			| rowspan="5" | tawo
			| rowspan="4" | baláy
			| ayám/idô
			| rowspan="3" | lubí
			| rowspan="6" | adlaw
			| rowspan="5" | bag-o
			| rowspan="5" | kitá
			| anú/nano
			| rowspan="4" | kalayo
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]
			|usá/isá (Mindanao Cebuano)
			| irô
			| unsa
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]
			| isá
			| duhá/duá
			| rowspan="3" | tatlo
			| rowspan="2" | apat
			| idô
			| rowspan="3" | ano
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]
			| sara
			| darwa
			| rowspan="2" | ayam
			| rowspan="2" | niyog
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]
			| isaea/sambilog
			| daywa
			| ap-at
			| baeay
			| kaeayo
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]
			| isa/hambuuk
			| duwa
			| tu
			| upat
			| rowspan="2" | tau
			| bay
			| iru'
			| rowspan="2" | niyug
			| ba-gu
			| kitaniyu
			| unu
			| kayu
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]
			| rowspan="2" | isa
			| dua
			| telu
			| pat
			| rowspan="2" | walay
			| asu
			| gay
			| bagu
			| tanu
			| ngin
			| apuy
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]
			| dowa
			| t'lo
			| phat
			| taw
			| aso
			| neyog
			| gawi'e
			| bago
			| tano
			| tonaa
			| apoy
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]
			| isa/metung
			| adwa
			| atlu
			| apat
			| tau
			| bale
			| asu
			| ngungut
			| aldo
			| bayu
			| ikatamu
			| nanu
			| api
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]
			| sakey
			| dua/duara
			| talo/talora
			| apat/apatira
			| too
			| abong
			| rowspan="2" | aso
			| niyog
			| ageo/agew
			| balo
			| sikatayo
			| anto
			| pool
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]
			| maysa
			| dua
			| tallo
			| uppat
			| rowspan="2" | tao
			| balay
			| niog
			| aldaw
			| baro
			| datayo
			| ania
			| rowspan="2" | apoy
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]
			| asa
			| dadowa
			| tatdo
			| apat
			| vahay
			| chito
			| niyoy
			| araw
			| va-yo
			| yaten
			| ango
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]
			| tadday
			| dua
			| rowspan="2" | tallu
			| appa'
			| rowspan="3" | tolay
			| balay
			| kitu
			| niuk
			| aggaw
			| rowspan="2" | bagu
			| sittam
			| anni
			| afi
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]
			| tata
			| addu
			| rowspan="2" | appat
			| binalay
			| rowspan="2" | atu
			| iyyog
			| agaw
			| sikitam
			| gani
			| rowspan="2" | afuy
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]
			| antet
			| addwa
			| tallo
			| balay
			| ayog
			| aw
			| bawu
			| ikkanetam
			| sanenay
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]
			| sotu
			| lewu
			| tlu
			| fat
			| tau
			| gunu
			| ohu
			| lefo
			| kdaw
			| lomi
			| tekuy
			| tedu
			| ofih
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]
			| iso
			| duvo
			| tohu
			| apat
			| tuhun
			| hamin
			| tasu
			| piasau
			| tadau
			| vagu
			| tokou
			| onu
			| tapui
			|-
			! scope="row" | ]/''']'''
			| satu
			| dua
			| tiga
			| empat
			| orang
			| rumah/balai
			| anjing
			| kelapa/nyiur
			| hari
			| baru/baharu
			| rowspan="2" | kita
			| apa
			| api
	|-		|-
			! scope="row" | ]
	! style="background:#efefef;" | '''Tagalog'''
			| siji
	|isa
			| loro
	|dalawa
			| telu
	|tatlo
			| papat
	|apat
			| uwong
	|tao
			| omah/bale
	|bahay
			| asu
	|aso
			| klapa/kambil
	|niyog
			| hari/dina/dinten
	|araw
			| anyar/enggal
	|bago
			| apa/anu
	|tayo
			| geni
	|ano
	|-		|-
			! scope="row" | ]
	! style="background:#efefef;" | ''']'''
			| sa
	|saro
	|duwa		| duwa
			| lhèë
	|tulo
			| peuët
	|apat
			| ureuëng
	|tawo
			| rumoh/balèë
	|harong
			| asèë
	|ayam
			| u
	|niyog
			| uroë
	|aldaw
			| barô
	|ba-go
			| (geu)tanyoë
	|kita
			| peuë
	|ano
			| apuy
	|-		|-
			! scope="row" | ]
	! style="background:#efefef;" | ''']'''
			| sai
	|usa
			| khua
	|duha
			| telu
	|tulo
			| pak
	|upat
			| jelema
	|tawo
			| lamban
	|balay
			| rowspan="2" | asu
	|iro
			| nyiwi
	|lubi
			| khani
	|adlaw
			| rowspan="4" | baru
	|bag-o
			| kham
	|kita
			| api
	|unsa
			| apui
	|-		|-
	! style="background:#efefef;" | ''']'''		! scope="row" | ]
			| se'di
	|usa
			| rowspan="2" | dua
	|duha
			| tellu
	|tulo
			| eppa'
	|upat
			| tau
	|tawo
			| bola
	|balay
			| kaluku
	|ayam
			| esso
	|lubi
			| idi'
	|adlaw
			| aga
	|bag-o
			| rowspan="3" | api
	|kita
	|ano
	|-		|-
			! scope="row" | ]
	! style="background:#efefef;" | ''']'''
			| sada
	|hambuuk
			| tolu
	|duwa
			| opat
	|tu
			| halak
	|upat
			| jabu
	|tau
			| biang
	|bay
			| harambiri
	|iru'
			| rowspan="2" | ari
	|niyug
			| hita
	|adlaw
			| aha
	|ba-gu
	|kitaniyu
	|unu
	|-		|-
			!]
	! style="background:#efefef;" | ''']'''
			|ciek
	|sara
			|duo
	|darwa
			|tigo
	|tatlo
			|ampek
	|apat
			|urang
	|taho
			|rumah
	|balay
			|anjiang
	|ayam
			|karambia
	|niyog
			|kito
	|adlaw
			|apo
	|bag-o
	|kita, taten
	|ano
	|-		|-
			! scope="row" | ]
	! style="background:#efefef;" | ''']'''
			| ida
	|metung
			| rowspan="2" | rua
	|adwa
			| tolu
	|atlu
			| haat
	|apat
			| ema
	|tau
			| uma
	|bale
	|asu		| asu
			| nuu
	|ngungut
			| loron
	|aldo
			| foun
	|bayu
			| ita
	|ikatamu
			| saida
	|nanu
			| rowspan="2" | ahi
	|-		|-
			! scope="row" | ]
	! style="background:#efefef;" | ''']'''
			| tahi
	|sakey
			| toru
	|duara
			| wha
	|talora
			| tangata
	|apatira
			| whare
	|too
			| rowspan="2" | kuri
	|abong
			| kokonati
	|aso
			| ra
	|niyog
			| hou
	|agew
			| taua
	|balo
			| aha
	|sikatayo
	|anto
	|-		|-
	! style="background:#efefef;" | ''']'''		! scope="row" | ]
			| tasi
	|maysa
			| rowspan="2" | lua
	|dua
			| tolu
	|tallo
			| fá
	|uppat
			| toko
	|tao
			| fale
	|balay
			| moku
	|aso
			| aso
	|niog
			| fou
	|aldaw
			| tāua
	|baro
			| ā
	|datayo
			| afi
	|ania
	|-		|-
			! scope="row" | ]
	! style="background:#efefef;" | ''']'''
			| kahi
	|asa
			| kolu
	|dadowa
			| hā
	|tatdo
			| kanaka
	|apat
			| hale
	|tao
			| 'īlio
	|vahay
			| niu
	|chito
			| ao
	|niyoy
			| hou
	|araw
			| kākou
	|va-yo
			| aha
	|yaten
			| ahi
	|ango
	|-		|-
	! style="background:#efefef;" | ''']'''		! scope="row" | ]
			| asa
	|tadday
	|dua		| dua
			| talu
	|tallu
			| ampat
	|appa'
			| urang
	|tolay
			| rumah
	|balay
			| hadupan
	|kitu
			| kalapa
	|niuk
			| hari
	|aggaw
			| hanyar
	|bagu
			| kita
	|sittam
			| apa
	|anni
			| api
	|-		|-
			! scope="row" | ]
	! style="background:#efefef;" | ''']'''
			| isa
	|antet
			| roa
	|addwa
			| telo
	|tallo
			| efatra
	|appat
			| olona
	|tolay
			| trano
	|balay
			| alika
	|atu
			| voanio
	|ayog
			| andro
	|aw
			| vaovao
	|bawu
			| isika
	|ikkanetem
			| inona
	|sanenay
			| afo
	|-		|-
			! scope="row" | ]
	! style="background:#efefef;" | ''']'''
			| iso
	|sotu
			| duo
	|lewu
			| tolu
	|tlu
			| apat
	|fat
			| tulun
	|tau
			| walai
	|gunu
			| tasu
	|ohu
			| piasau
	|lefo
			| tadau
	|kdaw
			| wagu
	|lomi
			| tokou
	|tekuy
			| onu/nu
	|tedu
			| tapui
	|-		|-
			! scope="row" | ]
	! style="background:#efefef;" | ''']'''
			| sa/san
	|satu
			| duan
	|dua
			| dangku
	|tiga
			| dangkan
	|empat
	|orang		| orang
	|rumah/balai		| rumah
			| ukui/uduk
	|anjing
			| nyiur
	|kelapa
	|hari		| hari
	|baru		| baru
			| kitai
	|kita
			| rowspan="2" | nama
	|apa
			| api
	|-		|-
			! scope="row" | ]
	! style="background:#efefef;" | ''']'''
			| satu
	|'ekahi
			| dua
	|'elua
			| telou
	|'ekolu
			| empat
	|'eh&#257;
			| apah
	|kanaka
			| lebok
	|hale
			| asou
	|'&#299;lio
			| nyior
	|niu
			| lau
	|ao
			| baew
	|hou
			| teleu
	|k&#257;kou
			| apui
	|aha
	|}		|}
			==Religious literature==
	===Contribution to other languages===
			] in Tagalog.]]
			Religious literature remains one of the most dynamic components to ]. The first Bible in Tagalog, then called ''Ang Biblia''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Worth |first=Roland H. |title=Biblical Studies on the Internet: A Resource Guide |date=2008 |publisher=McFarland |edition=2nd |page=43}}</ref> ("the Bible") and now called ''Ang Dating Biblia''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genesis 1 |url=http://adb.scripturetext.com/genesis/1.htm |access-date=April 14, 2022 |publisher=Bible Hub |website=biblehub.com |archive-date=August 18, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818113747/http://adb.scripturetext.com/genesis/1.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> ("the Old Bible"), was published in 1905. In 1970, the Philippine Bible Society translated the ] into modern Tagalog. Even before the ], devotional materials in Tagalog had been in circulation. There are at least four circulating Tagalog translations of the Bible
	Tagalog itself has contributed a few words into English. The word ] which means 'rural' or 'back country', was imported by American soldiers stationed in the Philippines from the Tagalog ''bundok'', which means "'mountain." Another word is '']'', which is a type of grass, used for thatching. This word came from the Tagalog word ''kugon.'' There is also '']'', which is a type of flower known for its fragrance. ] is a type of fiber made from a banana plant, from ''abaká''. ] is a light brown cardboard material used for folders and paper usually made from abaca. ], also known as window oyster, is used to make windows. A ] is a toy.
			* the '']'' (a parallel translation of the '']''), which is the ] version
			* the '']''
			* the 1905 ''Ang Biblia'', used more by Protestants
			* the ''Bagong Sanlibutang Salin ng Banal na Kasulatan'' ('']''), exclusive to the ]
			When the ], (specifically the ]) permitted the universal prayers to be translated into ], the ] was one of the first to translate the ] into Tagalog. The ] in Tagalog was published as early as 1982.
	Tagalog has contributed several words to ], like ''barangay'' (from ''balañgay'' meaning ''barrio''), the ''abacá'', ''cogon'', ''palay'', etc.
			In 2012, the ] revised the 41-year-old liturgy with an English version of the Roman Missal, and later translated it in the ] to several native languages in the Philippines.<ref>{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Manila Archdiocese starts seminars for new translation of Roman Missal|url= https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/244743/manila-archdiocese-starts-seminars-for-new-translation-of-roman-missal/story/|accessdate=April 27, 2024 |publisher=] |date=January 16, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Aning|first1= Jerome |title=Church revises Roman Missal|url= https://globalnation.inquirer.net/19401/church-revises-roman-missal|accessdate=April 27, 2024 |publisher=] |date=November 25, 2011}}</ref> For instance, in 2024, the ] uses the Tagalog translation of the ] entitled "Ang Aklat ng Mabuting Balita."<ref>{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Sandigan|url=https://dioceseofmalolos.ph/ |accessdate=April 27, 2024 |publisher= ]|date=January 1, 2024}}</ref>
			Jehovah's Witnesses were printing Tagalog literature at least as early as 1941<ref>{{Cite book |title=2003 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses |publisher=Watch Tower Society |page=155}}</ref> and '']'' (the primary magazine of Jehovah's Witnesses) has been published in Tagalog since at least the 1950s. New releases are now regularly released simultaneously in a number of languages, including Tagalog. The official website of Jehovah's Witnesses also has some publications available online in Tagalog.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watchtower Online Library |url=http://wol.jw.org/tl/wol/h/r27/lp-tg |publisher=Watch Tower Society |language=tl |access-date=November 3, 2014 |archive-date=November 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111215106/http://wol.jw.org/tl/wol/h/r27/lp-tg |url-status=live }}</ref> The revised ] edition, the ''New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures,'' was released in Tagalog on 2019<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 21, 2019 |title=''New World Translation'' Released in Tagalog |url=https://www.jw.org/en/whats-new/nwt-tagalog/#?insight |access-date=April 14, 2022 |website=Jw.org |archive-date=September 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928132201/https://www.jw.org/en/whats-new/nwt-tagalog/#?insight |url-status=live }}</ref> and it is distributed without charge both printed and .
	==Examples==
			Tagalog is quite a stable language, and very few revisions have been made to Catholic ]. Also, as Protestantism in the Philippines is relatively young, ] prayers tend to be more ].
	===The ] (''Ama Namin'')===
	:''Ama namin, sumasalangit ka,<br>''
	:''Sambahin ang Ngalan Mo.<br>''
	:''Mapasaamin ang kaharian Mo,<br>''
	:''Sundin ang Loob Mo<br>''
	:''dito sa lupa para ng sa Langit.<br>''
	:''Bigyan Mo po kami ng aming kakanin sa araw-araw.<br>''
	:''At patawarin Mo po kami sa aming mga sala,<br>''
	:''para ng pagpapatawad namin sa mga nagsala sa amin.<br>''
	:''At huwag Mo po kaming ipahintulot sa tukso,<br>''
	:''At iadya Mo po kami sa lahat ng masama,<br>''
	:''[Sapagkat sa Iyo ang kaharian,<br>''
	:''ang kapangyarihan,<br>''
	:''at ang kapurihan<br>''
	:''ngayon at magpakailanman.]<br>''
	:''Amen.''
	===Common phrases===		==Example texts==
			===Lord's Prayer===
	*English: ''Ingglés'' {{IPA|}} (ing-GLES)
			In Tagalog, the ] is known by its ], ''Amá Namin'' (literally, "Our Father").
	*Filipino: ''Pilipino'' {{IPA|}} (pih-lih-PIH-noh)
	*Tagalog: ''Tagalog'' {{IPA|}} (tah-GAH-log)
	*What is your name?: ''Anó ang pangalan ninyó?'' {{IPA|}} (uh-NOH ahng puh-NGAH-lan nin-YOH)
	*How are you?: ''kumustá'' {{IPA|}} (koo-mus-TAH)
	*Good morning!: ''Magandáng umaga!'' {{IPA|}} (muh-gun-DAHNG oo-MAH-gah)
	*Good afternoon! (from 11 am to 1 pm): ''Magandáng tanghali!'' {{IPA|}} (muh-gun-DAHNG tahng-HAH-leh)
	*Good afternoon! (from 1 pm to dusk): ''Magandáng hapon!'' {{IPA|}} (muh-gun-DAHNG HAH-pawn)
	*Good evening!: ''Magandáng gabí!'' {{IPA|}} (muh-gun-DAHNG gah-BEH)
	*Good-bye: ''paalam'' {{IPA|}} (literal - "with your blessing") (pa-AH-lam)
	*Please: Depending on the nature of the verb, either ''pakí-'' {{IPA|}} (pah-KEE) or ''makí-'' {{IPA|}} (mah-KEE) is attached as a prefix to a verb. ''ngâ'' {{IPA|}} (ngah) is optionally added after verb to increase politeness.
	*Thank you: ''salamat'' {{IPA|}} (sah-LAH-mat)
	*That one: ''iyan'' {{IPA|}} (ee-YAN)
	*How much?: ''magkano?'' {{IPA|}} (mag-KAH-noh?)
	*Yes: ''oo'' {{IPA|}} (OH-oh)
	*No: ''hindî'' {{IPA|}} (hin-DEH)
	*Sorry: ''pasensya pô'' or ''sorry/sori'' {{IPA|}} (pah-SEN-shah PO) '', patawad po'' (pah-TAH-wahd PO)
	*Because: ''kasí'' {{IPA|}} (kah-SEH)
	*Hurry!: ''Dalí!'' {{IPA|}} (dah-LEE), ''Bilís!'' {{IPA|}} (bih-LEES)
	*Again: ''mulí'' (moo-LEE), ''ulít'' (oo-LET)
	*I don't understand: ''Hindî ko maintindihan'' {{IPA|}} (hin-DEE koh ma-in-TIN-dih-HAN)
	*Where's the bathroom?: ''Nasaán ang banyo?'' {{IPA|}} (NA-sa-AN ang BAN-yoh?)
	*Generic toast: ''Mabuhay!'' {{IPA|}} (mah-BOO-high)
	*Do you speak English? ''Marunong ka bang magsalitâ ng Ingglés?'' {{IPA|}} (mah-ROO-nohng kah bang mag-sah-li-TAH nahng eeng-GLESS?)
			{{Poemquote
	===Proverbs===
			| style=font-style:italic; line-height:2.1em;
			| text={{lang|tl|
			Amá namin, sumasalangit Ka,
			Sambahín ang ngalan Mo.
			Mapasaamin ang kaharián Mo.
			Sundín ang loób Mo,
			Dito sa lupà, gaya nang sa langit.
			Bigyán Mo kamí ngayón ng aming kakanin sa araw-araw,
			At patawarin Mo kamí sa aming mga salà,
			Para nang pagpápatawad namin,
			Sa nagkakasalà sa amin;
			At huwág Mo kamíng ipahintulot sa tuksô,
			At iadyâ Mo kamí sa lahát ng masamâ.
			[Sapagkát sa Inyó ang kaharián, at ang kapangyarihan,
			At ang kaluwálhatian, ngayón, at magpakailanman.]
			Amen.}}
			}}
			===Universal Declaration of Human Rights===
	Here are some proverbs in Tagalog.
			This is Article 1 of the ] (''Pangkalahatáng Pagpapahayág ng Karapatáng Pantao'')
			;Tagalog (Latin)
	''Ang hindî marunong lumingón sa pinanggalingan ay hindî makararatíng sa paroroonan.''<br>
			{{lang|tl|Bawat tao'y isinilang na may layà at magkakapantáy ang tagláy na dangál at karapatán. Silá'y pinagkalooban ng pangangatwiran at budhî, na kailangang gamitin nilá sa pagtuturingan nilá sa diwà ng pagkakapatiran.}}
	"He who does not look back from where he came will never reach his destination."
			;Tagalog (Baybayin)
			{{lang|tl|{{Script|Tglg| ᜊᜏᜆ᜔ ᜆᜂᜌ᜔ ᜁᜐᜒᜈᜒᜎᜅ᜔ ᜈ ᜋᜌ᜔ ᜎᜌ ᜀᜆ᜔ ᜋᜄ᜔ᜃᜃᜉᜈ᜔ᜆᜌ᜔ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜆᜄ᜔ᜎᜌ᜔ ᜈ ᜇᜅᜎ᜔ ᜀᜆ᜔ ᜃᜇᜉᜆᜈ᜔᜶ ᜐᜒᜎᜌ᜔ ᜉᜒᜈᜄ᜔ᜃᜎᜓᜂᜊᜈ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜃᜆ᜔ᜏᜒᜇᜈ᜔ ᜀᜆ᜔ ᜊᜓᜇᜑᜒ᜵ ᜈ ᜃᜁᜎᜅᜅ᜔ ᜄᜋᜒᜆᜒᜈ᜔ ᜈᜒᜎ ᜐ ᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜆᜓᜇᜒᜅᜈ᜔ ᜈᜒᜎ ᜐ ᜇᜒᜏ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜉᜄ᜔ᜃᜃᜉᜆᜒᜇᜈ᜔᜶}}}}
			;English
			All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.<ref>{{Citation |title=The Universal Declaration of Human Rights |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/human-rights/universal-declaration/translations/english |mode=cs1 |via=ohchr.org |access-date=April 13, 2022 |archive-date=March 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322040025/https://www.ohchr.org/en/human-rights/universal-declaration/translations/english |url-status=live }}</ref>
			===Numbers===
	''Ang isdâ ay hinuhuli sa bibig. Ang tao, sa salitâ.''<br>
			Numbers (''mga bilang/mga numero'') in Tagalog follow two systems. The first consists of native Tagalog words and the other are Spanish-derived. (This may be compared to other East Asian languages, except with the second set of numbers borrowed from Spanish instead of Chinese.) For example, when a person refers to the number "seven", it can be translated into Tagalog as "''pitó''" or "''siyete''" (Spanish: ''siete'').
	"Fish are caught by the mouth. People, by their word."
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
	''Ang hindî magmahál sa kaniyáng wikà ay mahigít pa sa hayop at malansáng isdâ.'' (])<br>
			|-
	"He who doesn't love his language is worse than an animal or a rotten fish."
			! scope="col" | Number
			! scope="col" | Cardinal
			! scope="col" | Spanish-derived<br />(Original Spanish)
			! scope="col" | Ordinal
			|-
			! scope="row" | 0
			| sero / walâ (lit. "null")
			| sero (cero)
			| –
			|-
			! scope="row" | 1
			| isá
			| uno (uno)
			| una
			|-
			! scope="row" | 2
			| dalawá
			| dos (dos)
			| pangalawá / ikalawá
			|-
			! scope="row" | 3
			| tatló
			| tres (tres)
			| pangatló / ikatló
			|-
			! scope="row" | 4
			| apat
			| kuwatro (cuatro)
			| pang-apat / ikaapat (In standard Filipino orthography, "ika" and the number-word are never hyphenated.)
			|-
			! scope="row" | 5
			| limá
			| singko (cinco)
			| panlimá / ikalimá
			|-
			! scope="row" | 6
			| anim
			| seis (seis)
			| pang-anim / ikaanim
			|-
			! scope="row" | 7
			| pitó
			| siyete (siete)
			| pampitó / ikapitó
			|-
			! scope="row" | 8
			| waló
			| otso (ocho)
			| pangwaló / ikawaló
			|-
			! scope="row" | 9
			| siyám
			| nuwebe (nueve)
			| pansiyám / ikasiyám
			|-
			! scope="row" | 10
			| sampû / pû (archaic)
			| diyés (diez)
			| pansampû / ikasampû (or ikapû in some literary compositions)
			|-
			! scope="row" | 11
			| labíng-isá
			| onse (once)
			| panlabíng-isá / pang-onse / ikalabíng-isá
			|-
			! scope="row" | 12
			| labíndalawá
			| dose (doce)
			| panlabíndalawá / pandose / ikalabíndalawá
			|-
			! scope="row" | 13
			| labíntatló
			| trese (trece)
			| panlabíntatló / pantrese / ikalabíntatló
			|-
			! scope="row" | 14
			| labíng-apat
			| katorse (catorce)
			| panlabíng-apat / pangkatorse / ikalabíng-apat
			|-
			! scope="row" | 15
			| labínlimá
			| kinse (quince)
			| panlabínlimá / pangkinse / ikalabínlimá
			|-
			! scope="row" | 16
			| labíng-anim
			| disisais (dieciséis)
			| panlabíng-anim / pandyes-sais / ikalabíng-anim
			|-
			! scope="row" | 17
			| labímpitó
			| disisiyete (diecisiete)
			| panlabímpitó / pandyes-syete / ikalabímpitó
			|-
			! scope="row" | 18
			| labíngwaló
			| disiotso (dieciocho)
			| panlabíngwaló / pandyes-otso / ikalabíngwaló
			|-
			! scope="row" | 19
			| labinsiyám / labins'yam / labingsiyam
			| disinuwebe (diecinueve)
			| panlabinsiyám / pandyes-nwebe / ikalabinsiyám
			|-
			! scope="row" | 20
			| dalawampû
			| beynte (veinte)
			| pandalawampû / ikadalawampû (rare literary variant: ikalawampû)
			|-
			! scope="row" | 21
			| dalawampú't isá
			| beynte y uno / beynte'y uno (veintiuno)
			| pang-dalawampú't isá / ikalawamapú't isá
			|-
			! scope="row" | 30
			| tatlumpû
			| treynta (treinta)
			| pantatlumpû / ikatatlumpû (rare literary variant: ikatlumpû)
			|-
			! scope="row" | 40
			| apatnapû
			| kuwarenta (cuarenta)
			| pang-apatnapû / ikaapatnapû
			|-
			! scope="row" | 50
			| limampû
			| singkuwenta (cincuenta)
			| panlimampû / ikalimampû
			|-
			! scope="row" | 60
			| animnapû
			| sesenta (sesenta)
			| pang-animnapû / ikaanimnapû
			|-
			! scope="row" | 70
			| pitumpû
			| setenta (setenta)
			| pampitumpû / ikapitumpû
			|-
			! scope="row" | 80
			| walumpû
			| otsenta (ochenta)
			| pangwalumpû / ikawalumpû
			|-
			! scope="row" | 90
			| siyamnapû
			| nobenta (noventa)
			| pansiyamnapû / ikasiyamnapû
			|-
			! scope="row" | 100
			| sándaán / daán
			| siyen (cien)
			| pan(g)-(i)sándaán / ikasándaán (rare literary variant: ikaisándaán)
			|-
			! scope="row" | 200
			| dalawandaán
			| dosyentos (doscientos)
			| pandalawándaán / ikadalawandaan (rare literary variant: ikalawándaán)
			|-
			! scope="row" | 300
			| tatlóndaán
			| tresyentos (trescientos)
			| pantatlóndaán / ikatatlondaan (rare literary variant: ikatlóndaán)
			|-
			! scope="row" | 400
			| apat na raán
			| kuwatrosyentos (cuatrocientos)
			| pang-apat na raán / ikaapat na raán
			|-
			! scope="row" | 500
			| limándaán
			| kinyentos (quinientos)
			| panlimándaán / ikalimándaán
			|-
			! scope="row" | 600
			| anim na raán
			| seissiyentos (seiscientos)
			| pang-anim na raán / ikaanim na raán
			|-
			! scope="row" | 700
			| pitondaán
			| setesyentos (setecientos)
			| pampitóndaán / ikapitóndaán (or ikapitóng raán)
			|-
			! scope="row" | 800
			| walóndaán
			| otsosyentos (ochocientos)
			| pangwalóndaán / ikawalóndaán (or ikawalóng raán)
			|-
			! scope="row" | 900
			| siyám na raán
			| nobesyentos (novecientos)
			| pansiyám na raán / ikasiyám na raán
			|-
			! scope="row" | 1,000
			| sánlibo / libo
			| mil / uno mil (mil)
			| pan(g)-(i)sánlibo / ikasánlibo
			|-
			! scope="row" | 2,000
			| dalawánlibo
			| dos mil (dos mil)
			| pangalawáng libo / ikalawánlibo
			|-
			! scope="row" | 10,000
			| sánlaksâ / sampúng libo
			| diyes mil (diez mil)
			| pansampúng libo / ikasampúng libo
			|-
			! scope="row" | 20,000
			| dalawanlaksâ / dalawampúng libo
			| beynte mil (veinte mil)
			| pangalawampúng libo / ikalawampúng libo
			|-
			! scope="row" | 100,000
			| sangyutá / sandaáng libo
			| siyento mil (cien mil)
			|
			|-
			! scope="row" | 200,000
			| dalawangyutá / dalawandaáng libo
			| dosyentos mil (doscientos mil)
			|
			|-
			! scope="row" | 1,000,000
			| sang-angaw / sangmilyón
			| milyón (un millón)
			|
			|-
			! scope="row" | 2,000,000
			| dalawang-angaw / dalawang milyón
			| dos milyónes (dos millones)
			|
			|-
			! scope="row" | 10,000,000
			| sangkatì / sampung milyón
			| diyes milyónes (diez millones)
			|
			|-
			! scope="row" | 100,000,000
			| sambahalà / sampúngkatì / sandaáng milyón
			| siyen milyónes (cien millones)
			|
			|-
			! scope="row" | 1,000,000,000
			| sanggatós / sang-atós / sambilyón
			| bilyón / mil milyón (un billón (]),<ref name="DRAE billón">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=billón |encyclopedia=Diccionario de la lengua española |publisher=Real Academia Española and ASALE |url=https://dle.rae.es/bill%C3%B3n?m=form |access-date=April 6, 2020 |date=2019 |edition=23rd electronic |language=es |archive-date=April 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406171732/https://dle.rae.es/bill%25C3%25B3n%3Fm%3Dform |url-status=live }}</ref> mil millones, millardo<ref name="DPD billón">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=billón |encyclopedia=Diccionario panhispánico de dudas |publisher=Real Academia Española |url=https://www.rae.es/dpd/bill%2525C3%2525B3n |access-date=April 6, 2020 |date=2005 |language=es |archive-date=April 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406171734/https://www.rae.es/dpd/bill%252525C3%252525B3n |url-status=live }}</ref>)
			|
			|-
			! scope="row" | 1,000,000,000,000
			| sang-ipaw{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} / santrilyón
			| trilyón / bilyón (un trillón (US),<ref name="RAE trillón">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=trillón |encyclopedia=Diccionario de la lengua española |publisher=Real Academia Española and ASALE |url=https://dle.rae.es/trill%C3%B3n |access-date=April 6, 2020 |date=2019 |edition=23rd electronic |language=es |archive-date=April 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406171734/https://dle.rae.es/trill%25C3%25B3n |url-status=live }}</ref> un billón<ref name="DRAE billón" />)
			|
			|}
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
	''Nasa Diyos ang awà, nasa tao ang gawâ.''<br>
			|-
	"God has compassion, man has action."
			! scope="col" | Number
			! scope="col" | English
			! scope="col" | Spanish
			! scope="col" | Ordinal / Fraction / Cardinal
			|-
			! scope="row" | 1st
			| first
			| primer, primero, primera
			| una / ikaisá
			|-
			! scope="row" | 2nd
			| second
			| segundo/a
			| ikalawá
			|-
			! scope="row" | 3rd
			| third
			| tercero/a
			| ikatló
			|-
			! scope="row" | 4th
			| fourth
			| cuarto/a
			| ikaapat
			|-
			! scope="row" | 5th
			| fifth
			| quinto/a
			| ikalimá
			|-
			! scope="row" | 6th
			| sixth
			| sexto/a
			| ikaanim
			|-
			! scope="row" | 7th
			| seventh
			| séptimo/a
			| ikapitó
			|-
			! scope="row" | 8th
			| eighth
			| octavo/a
			| ikawaló
			|-
			! scope="row" | 9th
			| ninth
			| noveno/a
			| ikasiyám
			|-
			! scope="row" | 10th
			| tenth
			| décimo/a
			| ikasampû
			|-
			! scope="row" | {{1/2}}
			| half
			| medio/a, mitad
			| kalahatì
			|-
			! scope="row" | {{1/4}}
			| one quarter
			| cuarto
			| kapat
			|-
			! scope="row" | {{frac|3|5}}
			| three fifths
			| tres quintas partes
			| tatlóng-kalimá
			|-
			! scope="row" | {{frac|2|3}}
			| two thirds
			| dos tercios
			| dalawáng-katló
			|-
			! scope="row" | {{frac|1|1|2}}
			| one and a half
			| uno y medio
			| isá't kalahatì
			|-
			! scope="row" | {{frac|2|2|3}}
			| two and two thirds
			| dos y dos tercios
			| dalawá't dalawáng-katló
			|-
			! scope="row" | 0.5
			| zero point five
			| cero punto cinco, cero coma cinco,<ref name="DPD coma">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=coma |encyclopedia=Diccionario panhispánico de dudas |publisher=Real Academia Española |url=https://www.rae.es/dpd/coma#4 |access-date=April 6, 2020 |date=2005 |language=es |archive-date=April 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406171758/https://www.rae.es/dpd/coma#4 |url-status=live }}</ref> cero con cinco
			| salapî / limá hinatì sa sampû
			|-
			! scope="row" | 0.05
			| zero point zero five
			| cero punto cero cinco, cero coma cero cinco, cero con cero cinco
			| bagól / limá hinatì sa sandaán
			|-
			! scope="row" | 0.005
			| zero point zero zero five
			| cero punto cero cero cinco, cero coma cero cero cinco, cero con cero cero cinco
			| limá hinatì sa sanlibo
			|-
			! scope="row" | 1.25
			| one point two five
			| uno punto veinticinco, uno coma veinticinco, uno con veinticinco
			| isá't dalawampú't limá hinatì sa sampû
			|-
			! scope="row" | 2.025
			| two point zero two five
			| dos punto cero veinticinco, dos coma cero veinticinco, dos con cero veinticinco
			| dalawá't dalawampú't limá hinatì sa sanlibo
			|-
			! scope="row" | 25%
			| twenty-five percent
			| veinticinco por ciento
			| dalawampú't-limáng bahagdán
			|-
			! scope="row" | 50%
			| fifty percent
			| cincuenta por ciento
			| limampúng bahagdán
			|-
			! scope="row" | 75%
			| seventy-five percent
			| setenta y cinco por ciento
			| pitumpú't-limáng bahagdán
			|}
			===Months and days===
	''Magbirô lamang sa lasíng, huwág lang sa bagong gising.''<br>
			Months and days in Tagalog are also localised forms of Spanish months and days. "Month" in Tagalog is ''buwán'' (also the word for ]) and "day" is ''araw'' (the word also means ]). Unlike Spanish, however, months and days in Tagalog are always capitalised.
	"Joke around with someone who is drunk, but not with someone newly awoken.
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
	''Magsama-sama at malakás, magwaták-waták at babagsák.''<br>
			|-
	"United we stand, divided we fall."
			! scope="col" | Month
			! scope="col" | Original Spanish
			! scope="col" | Tagalog (abbreviation)
			|-
			! scope="row" | January
			| enero
			| Enero (Ene.)
			|-
			! scope="row" | February
			| febrero
			| Pebrero (Peb.)
			|-
			! scope="row" | March
			| marzo
			| Marso (Mar.)
			|-
			! scope="row" | April
			| abril
			| Abríl (Abr.)
			|-
			! scope="row" | May
			| mayo
			| Mayo (Mayo)
			|-
			! scope="row" | June
			| junio
			| Hunyo (Hun.)
			|-
			! scope="row" | July
			| julio
			| Hulyo (Hul.)
			|-
			! scope="row" | August
			| agosto
			| Agosto (Ago.)
			|-
			! scope="row" | September
			| septiembre
			| Setyembre (Set.)
			|-
			! scope="row" | October
			| octubre
			| Oktubre (Okt.)
			|-
			! scope="row" | November
			| noviembre
			| Nobyembre (Nob.)
			|-
			! scope="row" | December
			| diciembre
			| Disyembre (Dis.)
			|}
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
	''Aanhín pa ang damó kung patáy na ang kabayo.''<br>
			|-
	"What's the use of grass when the horse is already dead."
			! scope="col" | Day
			! scope="col" | Original Spanish
			! scope="col" | Tagalog
			|-
			! scope="row" | Sunday
			| domingo
			| Linggó
			|-
			! scope="row" | Monday
			| lunes
			| Lunes
			|-
			! scope="row" | Tuesday
			| martes
			| Martes
			|-
			! scope="row" | Wednesday
			| miércoles
			| Miyérkules / Myérkules
			|-
			! scope="row" | Thursday
			| jueves
			| Huwebes / Hwebes
			|-
			! scope="row" | Friday
			| viernes
			| Biyernes / Byernes
			|-
			! scope="row" | Saturday
			| sábado
			| Sábado
			|}
			===Time===
	''Habang may buhay, may pag-asa.''<br>
			Time expressions in Tagalog are also Tagalized forms of the corresponding Spanish. "Time" in Tagalog is ''panahón'' or ''oras''.
	"While there is life, there is hope."
			{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
	=== The ], Article 1 in Tagalog ===
			|-
			! scope="col" | Time
			! scope="col" | English
			! scope="col" | Original Spanish
			! scope="col" | Tagalog
			|-
			! scope="row" | 1 hour
			| one hour
			| una hora
			| Isáng oras
			|-
			! scope="row" | 2 min
			| two minutes
			| dos minutos
			| Dalawáng sandalî/minuto
			|-
			! scope="row" | 3 sec
			| three seconds
			| tres segundos
			| Tatlóng saglít/segundo
			|-
			! scope="row" |
			| morning
			| mañana
			| Umaga
			|-
			! scope="row" |
			| afternoon
			| tarde
			| Hápon
			|-
			! scope="row" |
			| evening/night
			| noche
			| Gabí
			|-
			! scope="row" |
			| noon
			| mediodía
			| Tanghalì
			|-
			! scope="row" |
			| midnight
			| medianoche
			| Hatinggabí
			|-
			! scope="row" | 1:00 am
			| one in the morning
			| una de la mañana
			| Ika-isá ng umaga
			|-
			! scope="row" | 7:00 pm
			| seven at night
			| siete de la noche
			| Ikapitó ng gabí
			|-
			! scope="row" | 1:15
			| quarter past one<br />one-fifteen
			| una y cuarto
			| Kapat makalipas ika-isá<br />Labínlimá makalipas ika-isá<br />Apatnapú't-limá bago mag-ikalawá<br />Tatlong-kapat bago mag-ikalawá
			|-
			! scope="row" | 2:30
			| half past two<br />two-thirty<br/ >half-way to/of three
			| dos y media
			| Kalahatì makalipas ikalawá<br />Tatlumpû makalipas ikalawá<br />Tatlumpû bago mag-ikatló<br />Kalahatì bago mag-ikatló
			|-
			! scope="row" | 3:45
			| three-forty-five<br />quarter to/of four
			| tres y cuarenta y cinco<br />cuatro menos cuarto
			| Tatlóng-kapat makalipas ikatló<br />Apatnapú't-limá makalipas ikatló<br />Labínlimá bago mag-ikaapat<br />Kapat bago mag-ikaapat
			|-
			! scope="row" | 4:25
			| four-twenty-five<br />twenty-five past four
			| cuatro y veinticinco
			| Dalawampú't-limá makalipas ikaapat<br />Tatlumpú't-limá bago mag-ikaapat
			|-
			! scope="row" | 5:35
			| five-thirty-five<br />twenty-five to/of six
			| cinco y treinta y cinco<br />seis menos veinticinco
			| Tatlumpú't-limá makalipas ikalimá<br />Dalawampú't-limá bago mag-ikaanim
			|}
			==Common phrases==
	Ang lahat ng tao'y isinilang na malaya at pantay-pantay sa karangalan at mga karapatan. Sila'y pinagkalooban ng katwiran at budhi at dapat magpalagayan ang isa't isa sa diwa ng pagkakapatiran.
			{| class="wikitable sortable"
			|-
			! scope="col" | English
			! scope="col" | Tagalog (with Pronunciation)
			|-
			| Filipino || {{lang|tl|Pilipino}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| English || {{lang|tl|Inglés}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| Tagalog || {{lang|tl|Tagálog}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| Spanish || {{lang|tl|Espanyol}}/{{lang|tl|Español}}/{{lang|tl|Kastila}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| What is your name? ||{{lang|tl|Anó ang pangálan ninyó/nilá*?}} (plural or polite) {{IPA|}}, {{lang|tl|Anó ang pangálan mo?}} (singular) {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| How are you? || {{lang|tl|Kumustá}} {{IPA|}} (modern), {{lang|tl|Anó pô ang lagáy ninyó/nilá?}} (old use) {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| Knock knock || {{lang|tl|Táo pô}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| Good day! || {{lang|tl|Magandáng araw!}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| Good morning! || {{lang|tl|Magandáng umaga!}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| Good noontime! (from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m.) || {{lang|tl|Magandáng tanghali!}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| Good afternoon! (from 1 p.m. to 6:00&nbsp;p.m.)|| {{lang|tl|Magandáng hapon!}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| Good evening! || {{lang|tl|Magandáng gabí!}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| Good-bye || {{lang|tl|Paálam}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			|Please || Depending on the nature of the verb, either {{lang|tl|pakí-}} {{IPA|}} or {{lang|tl|makí-}} {{IPA|}} is attached as a prefix to a verb. {{lang|tl|Ngâ}} {{IPA|}} is optionally added after the verb to increase politeness. (e.g. {{lang|tl|Pakipasa ngâ ang tinapay.}} ("Can you pass the bread, please?"))
			|-
			|Thank you ||{{lang|tl|Salamat}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| This one || {{lang|tl|Itó}} {{IPA|}}, sometimes pronounced {{IPA|}} (literally—"it", "this")
			|-
			|That one (close to addressee) ||{{lang|tl|Iyán}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			|That one (far from speaker and addressee) || {{lang|tl|Iyón}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| Here || {{lang|tl|Dito}} {{IPA|}}, {{lang|tl|heto}} {{IPA|}}, simplified to {{lang|tl|eto}} {{IPA|}} ("Here it is")
			|-
			| Right there || {{lang|tl|Diyán}} {{IPA|}}, {{lang|tl|(h)ayán}} {{IPA|}} ("There it is")
			|-
			| Over there || {{lang|tl|Doón}} {{IPA|}}, {{lang|tl|ayón}} {{IPA|}} ("There it is")
			|-
			| How much? || {{lang|tl|Magkano?}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| How many? || {{lang|tl|Ilán?}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| Yes || {{lang|tl|Oo}} {{IPA|}}
			{{lang|tl|Opò}} {{IPA|}} or {{lang|tl|ohò}} {{IPA|}} (formal/polite form)
			|-
			| No ||{{lang|tl|Hindî}} {{IPA|}} (at the end of a pause or sentence), often shortened to {{lang|tl|dî}} {{IPA|}}
			{{lang|tl|Hindî pô}} {{IPA|}} (formal/polite form)
			|-
			| I don't know ||{{lang|tl|Hindî ko alám}} {{IPA|}}
			Very informal: {{lang|tl|Ewan}} {{IPA|}}, archaic {{lang|tl|aywan}} {{IPA|}} (closest English equivalent: colloquial dismissive 'Whatever' or 'Dunno')
			|-
			| Sorry || {{lang|tl|Pasénsiya pô}} {{IPA|}} (literally from the word "patience") or {{lang|tl|paumanhín pô}} {{IPA|}}, {{lang|tl|patawad pô}} {{IPA|}} (literally—"asking your forgiveness")
			|-
			|Because || {{lang|tl|Kasí}} {{IPA|}} or {{lang|tl|dahil}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| Hurry! || {{lang|tl|Dalî!}} {{IPA|}}, {{lang|tl|Bilís!}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| Again || {{lang|tl|Mulî}} {{IPA|}}, {{lang|tl|ulít}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| I don't understand || {{lang|tl|Hindî ko naíintindihán}} {{IPA|}} or
			{{lang|tl|Hindî ko naúunawáan}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| What? ||{{lang|tl|Anó?}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| Where? ||{{lang|tl|Saán?}} {{IPA|}}, {{lang|tl|Nasaán?}} {{IPA|}} (literally – "Where at?")
			|-
			| Why? || {{lang|tl|Bakit?}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| When? ||{{lang|tl|Kailán?}} {{IPA|}}, {{IPA|}}, or {{IPA|}} (literally—"In what order?/"At what count?")
			|-
			| How? || {{lang|tl|Paánó?}} {{IPA|}} (literally—"By what?")
			|-
			| Where's the bathroom? || {{lang|tl|Nasaán ang banyo?}} {{IPA|}}
			|-
			| ''Generic toast''|| {{lang|tl|]!}} {{IPA|}} (literally—"long live")
			|-
			| Do you speak English? || {{lang|tl|Marunong ka bang magsalitâ ng Inglés?}} {{IPA|}}
			{{lang|tl|Marunong pô ba kayóng magsalitâ ng Inglés?}} {{IPA|}} (polite version for elders and strangers)<br />
			{{lang|tl|Marunong ka bang mag-Inglés?}} {{IPA|}} (short form)<br />
			{{lang|tl|Marunong pô ba kayóng mag-Inglés?}} {{IPA|}} (short form, polite version for elders and strangers)
			|-
			| It is fun to live. || {{lang|tl|Masayá ang mabuhay!}} {{IPA|}} or {{lang|tl|Masaya'ng mabuhay}} (contracted version)
			|}
			<small>*Pronouns such as {{lang|tl|niyó}} (2nd person plural) and {{lang|tl|nilá}} (3rd person plural) are used on a single 2nd person in polite or formal language. See ].</small>
	(Every person is born free and equal with honor and rights. They are given reason and conscience and they must always trust each other for the spirit of brotherhood.)
			===Proverbs===
	==Resources for learning Tagalog==
			''Ang hindî marunong lumingón sa pinánggalingan ay hindî makaráratíng sa paroroonan.''
			:(— ])
			One who knows not how to look back to whence he came will never get to where he is going.
			''Unang kagát, tinapay pa rin.''<br />First bite, still bread.<br />All fluff, no substance.
	*''Conversational Tagalog'' by Teresita V. Ramos ISBN 0824809440
	*''Intermediate Tagalog'' by Teresita V. Ramos ISBN 0824807766
			''Tao ka nang humaráp, bilang tao kitáng haharapin.''<br />You reach me as a human, I will treat you as a human and never act as a traitor.<br />(A proverb in Southern Tagalog that has made people aware of the significance of sincerity in Tagalog communities.)
	*''Learn Filipino: Book One'' by Victor Eclar Romero ISBN 1932956417
	*''Lonely Planet Filipino Tagalog (TravelTalk)'' ISBN 1591253640
			''Hulí man daw (raw) at magalíng, nakáhahábol pa rin.''<br />If one is behind but capable, one will still be able to catch up.
	*''Lonely Planet Pilipino Phrasebook'' ISBN 0864424329
	*''Tagalog/English English/Tagalog Standard Dictionary'' by Carl R. Galvez Rubino ISBN 0781809614
			''Magbirô ka na sa lasíng, huwág lang sa bagong gising.''<br />Make fun of someone drunk, if you must, but never one who has just awakened.
	*''Tagalog Reference Grammar'' by Paul Schachter and Fe T. Otanes ISBN 0520017765
	*''Tagalog Slang Dictionary'' by R. David Zorc and Rachel San Miguel ISBN 9711181320
			''Aanhín pa ang damó kung patáy na ang kabayò?''<br />What use is the grass if the horse is already dead?
	*''Teach Yourself Tagalog'' by Corazon Salvacion Castle ISBN 0071434178
	*''UP Diksyonaryong Filipino'' by Virgilio Armario (ed.) ISBN 9718781986, and ISBN 9718781994
			''Ang sakít ng kalingkingan, damdám ng buóng katawán.''<br />The pain in the pinkie is felt by the whole body.<br />
	*''English-Tagalog and Tagalog-English Dictionary'' by Maria Odulio De Guzman ISBN 9710807137
			In a group, if one goes down, the rest follow.
	*''New Vicassan's English-Pilipino Dictionary'' ISBN 9712704241
			''Nasa hulí ang pagsisisi.''<br />Regret is always in the end.
			''Pagkáhabà-habà man ng prusisyón, sa simbahan pa rin ang tulóy.''<br />The ] may stretch on and on, but it still ends up at the church.<br />
			(In romance: refers to how certain people are destined to be married. In general: refers to how some things are inevitable, no matter how long you try to postpone it.)
			''Kung 'dî mádaán sa santóng dasalan, daanin sa santóng paspasan.''<br />If it cannot be got through holy prayer, get it through blessed force.<br />
			(In romance and courting: ''santóng paspasan'' literally means 'holy speeding' and is a euphemism for ]. It refers to the two styles of courting by Filipino boys: one is the traditional, protracted, restrained manner favored by older generations, which often featured ] and manual labor for the girl's family; the other is upfront seduction, which may lead to a slap on the face or a pregnancy out of wedlock. The second conclusion is known as ''pikot'' or what Western cultures would call a ']'. This proverb is also applied in terms of diplomacy and negotiation.)
	==See also==		==See also==
			*]
	*] (Official regulating body of the Tagalog language)
	*]		**]
			**]
			**]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
	*]		*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	==External links==		==References==
			{{Reflist}}
	{{InterWiki|code=tl}}
	*, official regulating body of the Filipino language
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
	*
			==Further reading==
	]
			* {{Cite journal |last=Tupas |first=Ruanni |date=2015 |title=The Politics of "P" and "F": A Linguistic History of Nation-Building in the Philippines |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277951403 |journal=Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development |volume=36 |issue=6 |pages=587–597 |doi=10.1080/01434632.2014.979831 |s2cid=143332545}}
	]
	]
	]
			==External links==
	{{Wikibookspar||Filipino|Tagalog Lesson 1}}
			{{Wiktionary category|category=Tagalog language}}
			{{InterWiki|code=tl|Tagalog}}
			{{Wikibooks|Tagalog}}
			{{WikisourceWiki|Tagalog}}
			{{Wikivoyage|Filipino phrasebook|Filipino|a phrasebook}}
			{{Commons category|Tagalog language}}
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			* ]
			{{Navboxes
			|title= Tagalog
			|list1=
			{{Languages of the Philippines}}
			{{Philippine languages}}
			}}
			{{Portal bar|Philippines|Language}}
			{{Authority control}}
			{{DEFAULTSORT:Tagalog language}}
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Latest revision as of 14:58, 24 December 2024

Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines Not to be confused with Tagalag (or Tagalaka) language or Filipino language.

Tagalog
Wikang Tagalog ᜏᜒᜃᜅ᜔ ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜔
Pronunciation	[tɐˈɡaːloɡ]
Native to	Philippines
Region	Katagalugan; Metro Manila, Parts of Central Luzon, Most of Calabarzon, Parts of Mimaropa, and Northwestern Bicol Region
Ethnicity	Tagalog
Speakers	L1: 29 million (2010) L2: 54 million (2020) Total: 83 million
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine? Greater Central Philippine Central Philippine Kasiguranin–Tagalog Tagalog
Early forms	Proto-Austronesian Proto-Malayo-Polynesian Proto-Philippine Old Tagalog
Standard forms	Filipino
Dialects	Bataan Batangas Bulacan Lubang Manila Marinduque Puray Tanay–Paete (Eastern Rizal-Northern Laguna) Tayabas Soccsksargen Tagalog (Mindanao)
Writing system	Filipino alphabet (Latin script) Philippine Braille Baybayin (developing)
Official status
Official language in	Philippines (as Filipino) ASEAN (as Filipino)
Recognised minority language in	Philippines (as a regional language and an auxiliary official language in the predominantly Tagalog-speaking areas of the Philippines)
Regulated by	Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino
Language codes
ISO 639-1	tl
ISO 639-2	tgl
ISO 639-3	tgl
Glottolog	taga1280  Tagalogic taga1269  Tagalog-Filipino taga1270  Tagalog
Linguasphere	31-CKA
Predominantly Tagalog-speaking regions in the Philippines

Tagalog (/təˈɡɑːlɒɡ/ tə-GAH-log, native pronunciation: [tɐˈɡaːloɡ] ; Baybayin: ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜔) is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by the ethnic Tagalog people, who make up a quarter of the population of the Philippines, and as a second language by the majority, mostly as or through Filipino. Its de facto standardized, codified, national or nationalized, intellectualized, more linguistically inclusive, more linguistically dynamic, and expanded or broadened form, officially named Filipino, is the national language of the Philippines, and is one of the nation's two official languages, alongside English. Tagalog, like the other and as one of the regional languages of the Philippines, which majority are Austronesian, is one of the auxiliary official languages of the Philippines in the regions and also one of the auxiliary media of instruction therein.

Tagalog is closely related to other Philippine languages, such as the Bikol languages, the Bisayan languages, Ilocano, Kapampangan, and Pangasinan, and more distantly to other Austronesian languages, such as the Formosan languages of Taiwan, Indonesian, Malay, Hawaiian, Māori, Malagasy, and many more.

Classification

Tagalog is a Central Philippine language within the Austronesian language family. Being Malayo-Polynesian, it is related to other Austronesian languages, such as Malagasy, Javanese, Indonesian, Malay, Tetum (of Timor), and Yami (of Taiwan). It is closely related to the languages spoken in the Bicol Region and the Visayas islands, such as the Bikol group and the Visayan group, including Waray-Waray, Hiligaynon and Cebuano.

Tagalog differs from its Central Philippine counterparts with its treatment of the Proto-Philippine schwa vowel *ə. In most Bikol and Visayan languages, this sound merged with /u/ and . In Tagalog, it has merged with /i/. For example, Proto-Philippine *dəkət (adhere, stick) is Tagalog dikít and Visayan & Bikol dukót.

Proto-Philippine *r, *j, and *z merged with /d/ but is /l/ between vowels. Proto-Philippine *ŋajan (name) and *hajək (kiss) became Tagalog ngalan and halík. Adjacent to an affix, however, it becomes /r/ instead: bayád (paid) → bayaran (to pay).

Proto-Philippine *R merged with /ɡ/. *tubiR (water) and *zuRuʔ (blood) became Tagalog tubig and dugô.

History

Main article: Old Tagalog

The word Tagalog is possibly derived from the endonym taga-ilog ("river dweller"), composed of tagá- ("native of" or "from") and ilog ("river"), or alternatively, taga-alog deriving from alog ("pool of water in the lowlands"; "rice or vegetable plantation"). Linguists such as David Zorc and Robert Blust speculate that the Tagalogs and other Central Philippine ethno-linguistic groups originated in Northeastern Mindanao or the Eastern Visayas.

Possible words of Old Tagalog origin are attested in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription from the tenth century, which is largely written in Old Malay. The first known complete book to be written in Tagalog is the Doctrina Christiana (Christian Doctrine), printed in 1593. The Doctrina was written in Spanish and two transcriptions of Tagalog; one in the ancient, then-current Baybayin script and the other in an early Spanish attempt at a Latin orthography for the language.

Throughout the 333 years of Spanish rule, various grammars and dictionaries were written by Spanish clergymen. In 1610, the Dominican priest Francisco Blancas de San José published the Arte y reglas de la lengua tagala (which was subsequently revised with two editions in 1752 and 1832) in Bataan. In 1613, the Franciscan priest Pedro de San Buenaventura published the first Tagalog dictionary, his Vocabulario de la lengua tagala in Pila, Laguna.

The first substantial dictionary of the Tagalog language was written by the Czech Jesuit missionary Pablo Clain in the beginning of the 18th century. Clain spoke Tagalog and used it actively in several of his books. He prepared the dictionary, which he later passed over to Francisco Jansens and José Hernandez. Further compilation of his substantial work was prepared by P. Juan de Noceda and P. Pedro de Sanlucar and published as Vocabulario de la lengua tagala in Manila in 1754 and then repeatedly reedited, with the last edition being in 2013 in Manila.

Among others, Arte de la lengua tagala y manual tagalog para la administración de los Santos Sacramentos (1850) in addition to early studies of the language.

The indigenous poet Francisco Balagtas (1788–1862) is known as the foremost Tagalog writer, his most notable work being the 19th-century epic Florante at Laura.

Official status

Main article: Filipino language

Tagalog was declared the official language by the first revolutionary constitution in the Philippines, the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato in 1897.

In 1935, the Philippine constitution designated English and Spanish as official languages, but mandated the development and adoption of a common national language based on one of the existing native languages. After study and deliberation, the National Language Institute, a committee composed of seven members who represented various regions in the Philippines, chose Tagalog as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines. President Manuel L. Quezon then, on December 30, 1937, proclaimed the selection of the Tagalog language to be used as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines. In 1939, President Quezon renamed the proposed Tagalog-based national language as Wikang Pambansâ (national language). Quezon himself was born and raised in Baler, Aurora, which is a native Tagalog-speaking area. Under the Japanese puppet government during World War II, Tagalog as a national language was strongly promoted; the 1943 Constitution specifying: "The government shall take steps toward the development and propagation of Tagalog as the national language."

In 1959, the language was further renamed as "Pilipino". Along with English, the national language has had official status under the 1973 constitution (as "Pilipino") and the present 1987 constitution (as Filipino).

Controversy

The adoption of Tagalog in 1937 as basis for a national language is not without its own controversies. Instead of specifying Tagalog, the national language was designated as Wikang Pambansâ ("National Language") in 1939. Twenty years later, in 1959, it was renamed by then Secretary of Education, José E. Romero, as Pilipino to give it a national rather than ethnic label and connotation. The changing of the name did not, however, result in acceptance among non-Tagalogs, especially Cebuanos who had not accepted the selection.

The national language issue was revived once more during the 1971 Constitutional Convention. The majority of the delegates were even in favor of scrapping the idea of a "national language" altogether. A compromise solution was worked out—a "universalist" approach to the national language, to be called Filipino rather than Pilipino. The 1973 constitution makes no mention of Tagalog. When a new constitution was drawn up in 1987, it named Filipino as the national language. The constitution specified that as the Filipino language evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages. However, more than two decades after the institution of the "universalist" approach, there seems to be little if any difference between Tagalog and Filipino.

Many of the older generation in the Philippines feel that the replacement of English by Tagalog in the popular visual media has had dire economic effects regarding the competitiveness of the Philippines in trade and overseas remittances.

Use in education

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2018)

Upon the issuance of Executive Order No. 134, Tagalog was declared as basis of the National Language. On April 12, 1940, Executive No. 263 was issued ordering the teaching of the national language in all public and private schools in the country.

Article XIV, Section 6 of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines specifies, in part:

Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of instruction in the educational system.

Under Section 7, however:

The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein.

In 2009, the Department of Education promulgated an order institutionalizing a system of mother-tongue based multilingual education ("MLE"), wherein instruction is conducted primarily in a student's mother tongue (one of the various regional Philippine languages) until at least grade three, with additional languages such as Filipino and English being introduced as separate subjects no earlier than grade two. In secondary school, Filipino and English become the primary languages of instruction, with the learner's first language taking on an auxiliary role. After pilot tests in selected schools, the MLE program was implemented nationwide from School Year (SY) 2012–2013.

Tagalog is the first language of a quarter of the population of the Philippines (particularly in Central and Southern Luzon) and the second language for the majority.

Geographic distribution

In the Philippines

According to the 2020 census conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority, there were 109 million people living in the Philippines, where the vast majority have some basic level of understanding of the language, mostly, mainly, majority or predominantly because of Filipino. The Tagalog homeland, Katagalugan, covers roughly much of the central to southern parts of the island of Luzon — particularly in Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Metro Manila, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, and Rizal. Tagalog is also spoken natively by inhabitants living on the islands of Marinduque and Mindoro, as well as Palawan to a lesser extent. Significant minorities are found in the other Central Luzon provinces of Pampanga and Tarlac, Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur in Bicol Region, the Cordillera city of Baguio and various parts of Mindanao especially in the island's urban areas, but especially, more accurately and specifically, officially, sociolinguistically and linguistic politically as, through or in the form of Filipino. Tagalog or Filipino is also the predominant language of Cotabato City in Mindanao, making it the only place outside of Luzon with a native Tagalog-speaking or also a Filipino-speaking majority. It is also the main lingua franca in Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, but especially or more accurately and specifically as, through or in the form of Filipino.

According to the 2000 Philippine Census, approximately 96% of the household population who were able to attend school could speak Tagalog, or especially or more accurately and specifically as, through or in the form of Filipino; and about 28% of the total population spoke it natively.

The following regions and provinces of the Philippines are majority Tagalog-speaking, or also overlapping with being more accurately and specifically Filipino-speaking (from north to south):

• Central Luzon Region
  • Aurora
  • Bataan
  • Bulacan
  • Nueva Ecija
  • Zambales
• Metro Manila (National Capital Region)
• Southern Luzon
  • Southern Tagalog (Calabarzon and Mimaropa)
    • Batangas
    • Cavite
    • Laguna
    • Rizal
    • Quezon
    • Marinduque
    • Occidental Mindoro
    • Oriental Mindoro
    • Romblon (While Romblomanon, Onhan, and Asi are the native languages of the province, Tagalog, or especially or more accurately and specifically as, through or in the form of a provincial variety of Filipino, is used as the lingua franca between the various language groups.)
    • Palawan (Historically a non-Tagalog-speaking province, waves of cross-migration from various other regions, especially Calabarzon, has resulted in Tagalog, or especially or more accurately and specifically as, through or in the form of a provincial variety of Filipino, now being the main spoken language in Palawan.)
  • Bicol Region (While the Bikol languages have traditionally been the majority languages in the following provinces, heavy Tagalog influence and migration has resulted in its significant presence in these provinces and in many communities, Tagalog is now the majority language.)
    • Camarines Norte
    • Camarines Sur
• Bangsamoro
  • Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur (While Maguindanao has traditionally been the majority language of these provinces, Tagalog, or especially or more accurately and specifically as, through or in the form of a regional variety of Filipino, is now the main language of "mother tongue" primary education (but here as the local and regional auxiliary official Tagalog language, rather than or instead of the national and official Filipino language) in the province, the majority language in the regional center of Cotabato City (either or both Tagalog or Filipino), and the lingua franca of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao or BARMM (mostly, mainly, majority or predominantly Filipino).)
• Davao Region
  • Metro Davao (While Cebuano is the majority language of the region, a linguistic phenomenon has developed whereby local residents have either shifted to Tagalog or Filipino, or significantly mix Tagalog terms and grammar into their Cebuano speech, or especially or more accurately and specifically in the form of a regional metropolitan variety of Filipino, because older generations speak Tagalog or Filipino to their children in home settings, and Cebuano is spoken in everyday settings, making Tagalog or Filipino the secondary lingua franca. Additionally, migrations from Tagalog-speaking provinces to the area are also the contributing factors.)
• Soccsksargen
  • North Cotabato, South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat (Despite Hiligaynon being the regional main lingua franca, migrations from Luzon and Visayas (including influx of migrants from Tagalog-speaking regions) to North Cotabato, South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat has made Tagalog, or especially or more accurately and specifically, as, through or in the form of a regional variety of Filipino, the secondary lingua franca between various ethnolinguistic groups on everyday basis, especially those who cannot speak and understand Hiligaynon. Signages in the region are often written in Tagalog, or especially or more accurately and specifically as, through or in the form of a regional variety of Filipino. Additionally, the language is also used in administrative functions by the local government, in education and in local media, but especially or more accurately and specifically as, through or in the form of a regional variety of Filipino, and not and not as, through nor in the form of Tagalog nor its traditional Tagalog varieties.)

Tagalog speakers are also found in other parts of the Philippines and especially, more accurately and specifically, officially, sociolinguistically and linguistic politically as and through its standardized, codified, national or nationalized, intellectualized, more linguistically inclusive, more linguistically dynamic, and expanded or broaden form of, as and through Filipino, and the language serves as the national lingua franca of the country, but especially or more accurately and specifically as and through Filipino.

Outside of the Philippines

Tagalog serves as the common language among Overseas Filipinos, though its use overseas is usually limited to communication between Filipino ethnic groups. The largest concentration of Tagalog speakers outside the Philippines is found in the United States, wherein 2020, the United States Census Bureau reported (based on data collected in 2018) that it was the fourth most-spoken non-English language at home with over 1.7 million speakers, behind Spanish, French, and Chinese (with figures for Cantonese and Mandarin combined).

A study based on data from the United States Census Bureau's 2015 American Consumer Survey shows that Tagalog is the most commonly spoken non-English language after Spanish in California, Nevada, and Washington states.

Tagalog is one of three recognized languages in San Francisco, California, along with Spanish and Chinese, making all essential city services be communicated using these languages along with English. Meanwhile, Tagalog and Ilocano (which is primarily spoken in northern Philippines) are among the non-official languages of Hawaii that its state offices and state-funded entities are required to provide oral and written translations to its residents. Election ballots in Nevada include instructions written in Tagalog, which was first introduced in the 2020 United States presidential elections.

Other countries with significant concentrations of overseas Filipinos and Tagalog speakers include Saudi Arabia with 938,490, Canada with 676,775, Japan with 313,588, United Arab Emirates with 541,593, Kuwait with 187,067, and Malaysia with 620,043.

Dialects

At present, no comprehensive dialectology has been done in the Tagalog-speaking regions, though there have been descriptions in the form of dictionaries and grammars of various Tagalog dialects. Ethnologue lists Manila, Lubang, Marinduque, Bataan (Western Central Luzon), Batangas, Bulacan (Eastern Central Luzon), Tanay-Paete (Rizal-Laguna), and Tayabas (Quezon) as dialects of Tagalog; however, there appear to be four main dialects, of which the aforementioned are a part: Northern (exemplified by the Bulacan dialect), Central (including Manila), Southern (exemplified by Batangas), and Marinduque.

Some example of dialectal differences are:

• Many Tagalog dialects, particularly those in the south, preserve the glottal stop found after consonants and before vowels. This has been lost in Standard Tagalog, probably influenced by Spanish, where glottal stop doesn't exist. For example, standard Tagalog ngayón (now, today), sinigáng (broth stew), gabí (night), matamís (sweet), are pronounced and written ngay-on, sinig-ang, gab-i, and matam-is in other dialects.
• In Teresian-Morong Tagalog, alternates with . For example, bundók (mountain), dagat (sea), dingdíng (wall), isdâ (fish), and litid (joints) become bunrók, ragat, ringríng, isrâ, and litir, e.g. "sandók sa dingdíng" ("ladle on a wall" or "ladle on the wall", depending on the sentence) becoming "sanrók sa ringríng". However, exceptions are recent loanwords, and if the next consonant after a is an (durog) or an (dilà).
• In many southern dialects, the progressive aspect infix of -um- verbs is na-. For example, standard Tagalog kumakain (eating) is nákáin in Aurora, Quezon, and Batangas Tagalog. This is the butt of some jokes by other Tagalog speakers, for should a Southern Tagalog ask nákáin ka ba ng patíng? ("Do you eat shark?"), he would be understood as saying "Has a shark eaten you?" by speakers of the Manila Dialect.
• Some dialects have interjections which are considered a regional trademark. For example, the interjection ala e! usually identifies someone from Batangas as does hane?! in Rizal and Quezon provinces and akkaw in Aurora.

Perhaps the most divergent Tagalog dialects are those spoken in Marinduque. Linguist Rosa Soberano identifies two dialects, western and eastern, with the former being closer to the Tagalog dialects spoken in the provinces of Batangas and Quezon.

One example is the verb conjugation paradigms. While some of the affixes are different, Marinduque also preserves the imperative affixes, also found in Visayan and Bikol languages, that have mostly disappeared from most Tagalog early 20th century; they have since merged with the infinitive.

Manileño Tagalog	Marinduqueño Tagalog	English
Susulat siná María at Esperanza kay Juan.	Másúlat da María at Esperanza kay Juan.	"María and Esperanza will write to Juan."
Mag-aaral siya sa Maynilà.	Gaaral siya sa Maynilà.	" will study in Manila."
Maglutò ka na.	Paglutò.	"Cook now."
Kainin mo iyán.	Kaina yaan.	"Eat it."
Tinatawag tayo ni Tatay.	Inatawag nganì kitá ni Tatay.	"Father is calling us."
Tútulungan ba kayó ni Hilario?	Atulungan ga kamo ni Hilario?	"Is Hilario going to help you?"

The Manila Dialect is the basis for the national language.

Outside of Luzon, a variety of Tagalog called Soccsksargen Tagalog (Sox-Tagalog, also called Kabacan Tagalog) is spoken in Soccsksargen, a southwestern region in Mindanao, as well as Cotabato City. This "hybrid" Tagalog dialect is a blend of Tagalog (including its dialects) with other languages where they are widely spoken and varyingly heard such as Hiligaynon (a regional lingua franca), Ilocano, Cebuano as well as Maguindanaon and other indigenous languages native to region, as a result of migraton from Panay, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor, Ilocandia, Cagayan Valley, Cordillera Administrative Region, Central Luzon, Calabarzon, Mindoro and Marinduque since the turn of 20th century, therefore making the region a melting pot of cultures and languages.

Phonology

Main article: Tagalog phonology This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between , / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Tagalog has 21 phonemes: 16 of them are consonants and 5 are vowels. Native Tagalog words follow CV(C) syllable structure, though complex consonant clusters are permitted in loanwords.

Vowels

Tagalog has five vowels, and four diphthongs. Tagalog originally had three vowel phonemes: /a/, /i/, and /u/. Tagalog is now considered to have five vowel phonemes following the introduction of two marginal phonemes from Spanish, /o/ and /e/.

Table of the five general Tagalog vowel phonemes

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i ⟨i⟩		u ⟨u⟩
Mid	ɛ ⟨e⟩		o̞ ⟨o⟩
Open		a ⟨a⟩

• /a/ an open central unrounded vowel roughly similar to English "father"; in the middle of a word, a near-open central vowel similar to Received Pronunciation "cup"; or an open front unrounded vowel similar to Received Pronunciation or California English "hat"
• /ɛ/ an open-mid front unrounded vowel similar to General American English "bed"
• /i/ a close front unrounded vowel similar to English "machine"
• /o/ a mid back rounded vowel similar to General American English "soul" or Philippine English "forty"
• /u/ a close back rounded vowel similar to English "flute"

Nevertheless, simplification of pairs and is likely to take place, especially in some Tagalog as second language, remote location and working class registers.

The four diphthongs are /aj/, /uj/, /aw/, and /iw/. Long vowels are not written apart from pedagogical texts, where an acute accent is used: á é í ó ú.

Table of all possible realizations of Tagalog vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i ⟨i⟩		u ⟨u⟩
Near-close	ɪ ⟨i⟩		ʊ ⟨u⟩
Close-mid	e ⟨e/i⟩		o ⟨o/u⟩
Mid	ɛ̝ ⟨e⟩		o̞ ⟨o⟩
Open-mid	ɛ ⟨e⟩		ɔ ⟨o⟩
Near-open		ɐ ⟨a⟩
Open	a ⟨a⟩	ä ⟨a⟩

The table above shows all the possible realizations for each of the five vowel sounds depending on the speaker's origin or proficiency. The five general vowels are in bold.

Consonants

Below is a chart of Tagalog consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word. Loanword variants using these phonemes are italicized inside the angle brackets.

Tagalog consonant phonemes

		Bilabial	Alv./Dental	Post-alv./ Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n		ŋ ⟨ng⟩
Stop	voiceless	p	t		k	ʔ
	voiced	b	d		ɡ
Affricate	voiceless		(ts)	(tʃ) ⟨ts, tiy, ty⟩
	voiced		(dz)	(dʒ) ⟨dz, diy, dy⟩
Fricative			s	(ʃ) ⟨siy, sy, sh⟩		h ⟨h⟩
Approximant			l	j ⟨y⟩	w
Rhotic			ɾ ⟨r⟩

• /k/ between vowels has a tendency to become as in loch, German Bach, whereas in the initial position it has a tendency to become , especially in the Manila dialect.
• Intervocalic /ɡ/ and /k/ tend to become , as in Spanish agua, especially in the Manila dialect.
• /ɾ/ and /d/ were once allophones, and they still vary grammatically, with initial /d/ becoming intervocalic /ɾ/ in many words.
• A glottal stop that occurs in pausa (before a pause) is omitted when it is in the middle of a phrase, especially in the Metro Manila area. The vowel it follows is then lengthened. However, it is preserved in many other dialects.
• The /ɾ/ phoneme is an alveolar rhotic that has a free variation between a trill, a flap and an approximant ().
• The /dʒ/ phoneme may become a consonant cluster in between vowels such as sadyâ .

Glottal stop is not indicated. Glottal stops are most likely to occur when:

• the word starts with a vowel, like aso (dog)
• the word includes a dash followed by a vowel, like mag-aral (study)
• the word has two vowels next to each other, like paano (how)
• the word starts with a prefix followed by a verb that starts with a vowel, like mag-aayos ( fix)

Stress and final glottal stop

Stress is a distinctive feature in Tagalog. Primary stress occurs on either the final or the penultimate syllable of a word. Vowel lengthening accompanies primary or secondary stress except when stress occurs at the end of a word.

Tagalog words are often distinguished from one another by the position of the stress or the presence of a final glottal stop. In formal or academic settings, stress placement and the glottal stop are indicated by a diacritic (tuldík) above the final vowel. The penultimate primary stress position (malumay) is the default stress type and so is left unwritten except in dictionaries.

Phonetic comparison of Tagalog homographs based on stress and final glottal stop

Common spelling	Stressed non-ultimate syllable no diacritic	Stressed ultimate syllable acute accent (´)	Unstressed ultimate syllable with glottal stop grave accent (`)	Stressed ultimate syllable with glottal stop circumflex accent (^)
baba	baba ('father')	babá ('piggy back')	babà ('chin')	babâ ('descend ')
baka	baka ('cow')	baká ('possible')
bata	bata ('bath robe')	batá ('persevere')	batà ('child')
bayaran	bayaran ('pay ')	bayarán ('for hire')
labi			/ labì ('lips')	/ labî ('remains')
pito	pito ('whistle')	pitó ('seven')
sala	sala ('living room')	salá ('interweaving ')	salà ('sin')	salâ ('filtered')

Grammar

Main articles: Tagalog grammar and Austronesian alignment

Writing system

See also: Filipino orthography This article contains Baybayin script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Baybayin characters.

Tagalog, like other Philippines languages today, is written using the Latin alphabet. Prior to the arrival of the Spanish in 1521 and the beginning of their colonization in 1565, Tagalog was written in an abugida—or alphasyllabary—called Baybayin. This system of writing gradually gave way to the use and propagation of the Latin alphabet as introduced by the Spanish. As the Spanish began to record and create grammars and dictionaries for the various languages of the Philippine archipelago, they adopted systems of writing closely following the orthographic customs of the Spanish language and were refined over the years. Until the first half of the 20th century, most Philippine languages were widely written in a variety of ways based on Spanish orthography.

In the late 19th century, a number of educated Filipinos began proposing for revising the spelling system used for Tagalog at the time. In 1884, Filipino doctor and student of languages Trinidad Pardo de Tavera published his study on the ancient Tagalog script Contribucion para el Estudio de los Antiguos Alfabetos Filipinos and in 1887, published his essay El Sanscrito en la lengua Tagalog which made use of a new writing system developed by him. Meanwhile, Jose Rizal, inspired by Pardo de Tavera's 1884 work, also began developing a new system of orthography (unaware at first of Pardo de Tavera's own orthography). A major noticeable change in these proposed orthographies was the use of the letter ⟨k⟩ rather than ⟨c⟩ and ⟨q⟩ to represent the phoneme /k/.

In 1889, the new bilingual Spanish-Tagalog La España Oriental newspaper, of which Isabelo de los Reyes was an editor, began publishing using the new orthography stating in a footnote that it would "use the orthography recently introduced by ... learned Orientalis". This new orthography, while having its supporters, was also not initially accepted by several writers. Soon after the first issue of La España, Pascual H. Poblete's Revista Católica de Filipina began a series of articles attacking the new orthography and its proponents. A fellow writer, Pablo Tecson was also critical. Among the attacks was the use of the letters "k" and "w" as they were deemed to be of German origin and thus its proponents were deemed as "unpatriotic". The publishers of these two papers would eventually merge as La Lectura Popular in January 1890 and would eventually make use of both spelling systems in its articles. Pedro Laktaw, a schoolteacher, published the first Spanish-Tagalog dictionary using the new orthography in 1890.

In April 1890, Jose Rizal authored an article Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagalog in the Madrid-based periodical La Solidaridad. In it, he addressed the criticisms of the new writing system by writers like Pobrete and Tecson and the simplicity, in his opinion, of the new orthography. Rizal described the orthography promoted by Pardo de Tavera as "more perfect" than what he himself had developed. The new orthography was, however, not broadly adopted initially and was used inconsistently in the bilingual periodicals of Manila until the early 20th century. The revolutionary society Kataás-taasan, Kagalang-galang Katipunan ng̃ mg̃á Anak ng̃ Bayan or Katipunan made use of the k-orthography and the letter k featured prominently on many of its flags and insignias.

In 1937, Tagalog was selected to serve as basis for the country's national language. In 1940, the Balarilâ ng Wikang Pambansâ (English: Grammar of the National Language) of grammarian Lope K. Santos introduced the Abakada alphabet. This alphabet consists of 20 letters and became the standard alphabet of the national language. The orthography as used by Tagalog would eventually influence and spread to the systems of writing used by other Philippine languages (which had been using variants of the Spanish-based system of writing). In 1987, the Abakada was dropped and replaced by the expanded Filipino alphabet.

Baybayin

Main article: Baybayin

Tagalog was written in an abugida (alphasyllabary) called Baybayin prior to the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, in the 16th century. This particular writing system was composed of symbols representing three vowels and 14 consonants. Belonging to the Brahmic family of scripts, it shares similarities with the Old Kawi script of Java and is believed to be descended from the script used by the Bugis in Sulawesi.

Although it enjoyed a relatively high level of literacy, Baybayin gradually fell into disuse in favor of the Latin alphabet taught by the Spaniards during their rule.

There has been confusion of how to use Baybayin, which is actually an abugida, or an alphasyllabary, rather than an alphabet. Not every letter in the Latin alphabet is represented with one of those in the Baybayin alphasyllabary. Rather than letters being put together to make sounds as in Western languages, Baybayin uses symbols to represent syllables.

A "kudlít" resembling an apostrophe is used above or below a symbol to change the vowel sound after its consonant. If the kudlit is used above, the vowel is an "E" or "I" sound. If the kudlit is used below, the vowel is an "O" or "U" sound. A special kudlit was later added by Spanish missionaries in which a cross placed below the symbol to get rid of the vowel sound all together, leaving a consonant. Previously, the consonant without a following vowel was simply left out (for example, bundók being rendered as budo), forcing the reader to use context when reading such words.

Example:

vowels ᜔ a ᜀ i e ᜁ u o ᜂ

b b ᜊ᜔ ba ᜊ bi be ᜊᜒ bu bo ᜊᜓ

k k ᜃ᜔ ka ᜃ ki ke ᜃᜒ ku ko ᜃᜓᜓ

d/r d/r ᜇ᜔ da/ra ᜇ di/ri de/re ᜇᜒ du/ru do/ro ᜇᜓ

g g ᜄ᜔ ga ᜄ gi ge ᜄᜒ gu go ᜄᜓ

h h ᜑ᜔ ha ᜑ hi he ᜑᜒ hu ho ᜑᜓ

l l ᜎ᜔ la ᜎ li le ᜎᜒ lu lo ᜎᜓ

m m ᜋ᜔ ma ᜋ mi me ᜋᜒ mu mo ᜋᜓ

n n ᜈ᜔ na ᜈ ni ne ᜈᜒ nu no ᜈᜓ

ng ng ᜅ᜔ nga ᜅ ngi nge ᜅᜒ ngu ngo ᜅᜓ

p p ᜉ᜔ pa ᜉ pi pe ᜉᜒ pu po ᜉᜓ

s s ᜐ᜔ sa ᜐ si se ᜐᜒ su so ᜐᜓ

t t ᜆ᜔ ta ᜆ ti te ᜆᜒ tu to ᜆᜓ

w w ᜏ᜔ wa ᜏ wi we ᜏᜒ wu wo ᜏᜓ

y y ᜌ᜔ ya ᜌ yi ye ᜌᜒ yu yo ᜌᜓ

Latin alphabet

Abecedario

Until the first half of the 20th century, Tagalog was widely written in a variety of ways based on Spanish orthography consisting of 32 letters called 'ABECEDARIO' (Spanish for "alphabet"). The additional letters from the 26-letter English alphabet are: ch, ll, ng, ñ, n͠g / ñg, and rr.

Majuscule	Minuscule	Majuscule	Minuscule
A	a	Ng	ng
B	b	Ñ	ñ
C	c	N͠g / Ñg	n͠g / ñg
Ch	ch	O	o
D	d	P	p
E	e	Q	q
F	f	R	r
G	g	Rr	rr
H	h	S	s
I	i	T	t
J	j	U	u
K	k	V	v
L	l	W	w
Ll	ll	X	x
M	m	Y	y
N	n	Z	z

Abakada

Main article: Abakada alphabet

When the national language was based on Tagalog, grammarian Lope K. Santos introduced a new alphabet consisting of 20 letters called Abakada in school grammar books called balarilâ. The only letter not in the English alphabet is ng.

Majuscule	Minuscule	Majuscule	Minuscule
A	a	N	n
B	b	Ng	ng
K	k	O	o
D	d	P	p
E	e	R	r
G	g	S	s
H	h	T	t
I	i	U	u
L	l	W	w
M	m	Y	y

Revised alphabet

Main article: Filipino alphabet

In 1987, the Department of Education, Culture and Sports issued a memo stating that the Philippine alphabet had changed from the Pilipino-Tagalog Abakada version to a new 28-letter alphabet to make room for loans, especially family names from Spanish and English. The additional letters from the 26-letter English alphabet are: ñ, ng.

Majuscule	Minuscule	Majuscule	Minuscule
A	a	Ñ	ñ
B	b	Ng	ng
C	c	O	o
D	d	P	p
E	e	Q	q
F	f	R	r
G	g	S	s
H	h	T	t
I	i	U	u
J	j	V	v
K	k	W	w
L	l	X	x
M	m	Y	y
N	n	Z	z

ng and mga

See also: ng (digraph)

The genitive marker ng and the plural marker mga (e.g. Iyan ang mga damít ko. (Those are my clothes)) are abbreviations that are pronounced nang and mangá . Ng, in most cases, roughly translates to "of" (ex. Siyá ay kapatíd ng nanay ko. She is the sibling of my mother) while nang usually means "when" or can describe how something is done or to what extent (equivalent to the suffix -ly in English adverbs), among other uses.

• Nang si Hudas ay nadulás.—When Judas slipped.
• Gumising siya nang maaga.—He woke up early.
• Gumalíng nang todo si Juan dahil nag-ensayo siyá.—Juan greatly improved because he practiced.

In the first example, nang is used in lieu of the word noong (when; Noong si Hudas ay madulás). In the second, nang describes that the person woke up (gumising) early (maaga); gumising nang maaga. In the third, nang described up to what extent that Juan improved (gumalíng), which is "greatly" (nang todo). In the latter two examples, the ligature na and its variants -ng and -g may also be used (Gumising na maaga/Maagang gumising; Gumalíng na todo/Todong gumalíng).

The longer nang may also have other uses, such as a ligature that joins a repeated word:

• Naghintáy sila nang naghintáy.—They kept on waiting" (a closer calque: "They were waiting and waiting.")

pô/hô and opò/ohò

The words pô/hô originated from the word "Panginoon." and "Poon." ("Lord."). When combined with the basic affirmative Oo "yes" (from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *heqe), the resulting forms are opò and ohò.

"Pô" and "opò" are specifically used to denote a high level of respect when addressing older persons of close affinity like parents, relatives, teachers and family friends. "Hô" and "ohò" are generally used to politely address older neighbours, strangers, public officials, bosses and nannies, and may suggest a distance in societal relationship and respect determined by the addressee's social rank and not their age. However, "pô" and "opò" can be used in any case in order to express an elevation of respect.

• Example: "Pakitapon namán pô/hô yung basura." ("Please throw away the trash.")

Used in the affirmative:

• Ex: "Gutóm ka na ba?" "Opò/Ohò". ("Are you hungry yet?" "Yes.")

Pô/Hô may also be used in negation.

• Ex: "Hindi ko pô/hô alám 'yan." ("I don't know that.")

Vocabulary and borrowed words

See also: List of loanwords in Tagalog

Tagalog vocabulary is mostly of native Austronesian or Tagalog origin, such as most of the words that end with the diphthong -iw, (e.g. giliw) and words that exhibit reduplication (e.g. halo-halo, patpat, etc.). Besides inherited cognates, this also accounts for innovations in Tagalog vocabulary, especially traditional ones within its dialects. Tagalog has also incorporated many Spanish and English loanwords; the necessity of which increases in more technical parlance.

In precolonial times, Trade Malay was widely known and spoken throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, contributing a significant number of Malay vocabulary into the Tagalog language. Malay loanwords, identifiable or not, may often already be considered native as these have existed in the language before colonisation.

Tagalog also includes loanwords from Indian languages (Sanskrit and Tamil, mostly through Malay), Chinese languages (mostly Hokkien, followed by Cantonese, Mandarin, etc.), Japanese, Arabic and Persian.

English has borrowed some words from Tagalog, such as abaca, barong, balisong, boondocks, jeepney, Manila hemp, pancit, ylang-ylang, and yaya. Some of these loanwords are more often used in Philippine English.

Other examples of Tagalog words used in English

Example	Definition
boondocks	meaning "rural" or "back country", borrowed through American soldiers stationed in the Philippines in the Philippine–American War as a corruption of the Tagalog word bundok, which means "mountain"
cogon	a type of grass, used for thatching, came from the Tagalog word kugon (a species of tall grass)
ylang-ylang	a tree whose fragrant flowers are used in perfumes
abacá	a type of hemp fiber made from a plant in the banana family, came from the Tagalog word abaká
Manila hemp	a light brown cardboard material used for folders and paper, usually made from abaca hemp, from Manila, the capital of the Philippines
capiz	a type of marine mollusc also known as a "windowpane oyster" used to make windows

Tagalog has contributed several words to Philippine Spanish, like barangay (from balan͠gay, meaning barrio), the abacá, cogon, palay, dalaga etc.

Tagalog words of foreign origin

Main article: List of loanwords in Tagalog

Taglish (Englog)

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Main article: Taglish See also: Singlish and Spanglish

Taglish and Englog are names given to a mix of English and Tagalog. The amount of English vs. Tagalog varies from the occasional use of English loan words to changing language in mid-sentence. Such code-switching is prevalent throughout the Philippines and in various languages of the Philippines other than Tagalog.

Code-mixing also entails the use of foreign words that are "Filipinized" by reforming them using Filipino rules, such as verb conjugations. Users typically use Filipino or English words, whichever comes to mind first or whichever is easier to use.

Magshoshopping kamí sa mall. Sino ba ang magdadrive sa shopping center?

We will go shopping at the mall. Who will drive to the shopping center?

Urbanites are the most likely to speak like this.

The practice is common in television, radio, and print media as well. Advertisements from companies like Wells Fargo, Wal-Mart, Albertsons, McDonald's and Western Union have contained Taglish.

Cognates with other Philippine languages

Tagalog word	Meaning	Language of cognate	Spelling
bakit	why (from bakin + at)	Kapampangan	obakit
akyát	climb/step up	Kapampangan	ukyát/mukyát
bundók	mountain	Kapampangan	bunduk
at	and	Kapampangan Pangasinan	at tan
aso	dog	Kapampangan and Maguindanaon Pangasinan, Ilocano, and Maranao	asu aso
huwág	don't	Pangasinan	ag
tayo	we (inc.)	Pangasinan Ilocano Kapampangan Tausug Maguindanao Maranao Ivatan Ibanag Yogad Gaddang Tboli	sikatayo datayo ikatamu kitaniyu tanu tano yaten sittam sikitam ikkanetam tekuy
itó, nitó	this, its	Ilocano Bicolano	to iyó/ini
ng	of	Cebuano Hiligaynon Waray Kapampangan Pangasinan Bicolano Ilocano	sa/og sang/sing han/hin/san/sin ning na kan/nin a
araw	sun; day	Visayan languages Kapampangan Pangasinan Bicolano (Central/East Miraya) and Ilocano Rinconada Bikol Ivatan Ibanag Yogad Gaddang Tboli	adlaw aldo agew aldaw aldəw araw aggaw agaw aw kdaw
ang	definite article	Visayan languages (except Waray) Bicolano and Waray	ang an

Comparisons with Austronesian languages

Below is a chart of Tagalog and a number of other Austronesian languages comparing thirteen words.

English	one	two	three	four	person	house	dog	coconut	day	new	we (inclusive)	what	fire
Tagalog	isá	dalawá	tatló	apat	tao	bahay	aso	niyóg	araw	bago	táyo	anó	apóy
Tombulu (Minahasa)	esa	zua/rua	telu	epat	tou	walé	asu	po'po'	endo	weru	kai/kita	apa	api
Central Bikol	sarô	duwa	tulo	apat	tawo	harong	ayam	niyog	aldaw	bâgo	kita	ano	kalayo
East Miraya Bikol	əsad			əpat	taw	balay	ayam/ido	nuyog				unu/uno	kalayō
Rinconada Bikol		darwā	tolō		tawō	baləy	ayam	noyog	aldəw	bāgo	kitā	onō
Waray	usá	duhá	tuló	upát	tawo	baláy	ayám/idô	lubí	adlaw	bag-o	kitá	anú/nano	kalayo
Cebuano	usá/isá (Mindanao Cebuano)						irô					unsa
Hiligaynon	isá	duhá/duá	tatlo	apat			idô					ano
Kinaray-a	sara	darwa					ayam	niyog
Akeanon	isaea/sambilog	daywa		ap-at		baeay							kaeayo
Tausug	isa/hambuuk	duwa	tu	upat	tau	bay	iru'	niyug		ba-gu	kitaniyu	unu	kayu
Maguindanao	isa	dua	telu	pat		walay	asu		gay	bagu	tanu	ngin	apuy
Maranao		dowa	t'lo	phat	taw		aso	neyog	gawi'e	bago	tano	tonaa	apoy
Kapampangan	isa/metung	adwa	atlu	apat	tau	bale	asu	ngungut	aldo	bayu	ikatamu	nanu	api
Pangasinan	sakey	dua/duara	talo/talora	apat/apatira	too	abong	aso	niyog	ageo/agew	balo	sikatayo	anto	pool
Ilocano	maysa	dua	tallo	uppat	tao	balay		niog	aldaw	baro	datayo	ania	apoy
Ivatan	asa	dadowa	tatdo	apat		vahay	chito	niyoy	araw	va-yo	yaten	ango
Ibanag	tadday	dua	tallu	appa'	tolay	balay	kitu	niuk	aggaw	bagu	sittam	anni	afi
Yogad	tata	addu		appat		binalay	atu	iyyog	agaw		sikitam	gani	afuy
Gaddang	antet	addwa	tallo			balay		ayog	aw	bawu	ikkanetam	sanenay
Tboli	sotu	lewu	tlu	fat	tau	gunu	ohu	lefo	kdaw	lomi	tekuy	tedu	ofih
Kadazan	iso	duvo	tohu	apat	tuhun	hamin	tasu	piasau	tadau	vagu	tokou	onu	tapui
Indonesian/Malay	satu	dua	tiga	empat	orang	rumah/balai	anjing	kelapa/nyiur	hari	baru/baharu	kita	apa	api
Javanese	siji	loro	telu	papat	uwong	omah/bale	asu	klapa/kambil	hari/dina/dinten	anyar/enggal		apa/anu	geni
Acehnese	sa	duwa	lhèë	peuët	ureuëng	rumoh/balèë	asèë	u	uroë	barô	(geu)tanyoë	peuë	apuy
Lampung	sai	khua	telu	pak	jelema	lamban	asu	nyiwi	khani	baru	kham	api	apui
Buginese	se'di	dua	tellu	eppa'	tau	bola		kaluku	esso		idi'	aga	api
Batak	sada		tolu	opat	halak	jabu	biang	harambiri	ari		hita	aha
Minangkabau	ciek	duo	tigo	ampek	urang	rumah	anjiang	karambia			kito	apo
Tetum	ida	rua	tolu	haat	ema	uma	asu	nuu	loron	foun	ita	saida	ahi
Māori	tahi		toru	wha	tangata	whare	kuri	kokonati	ra	hou	taua	aha
Tuvaluan	tasi	lua	tolu	fá	toko	fale		moku	aso	fou	tāua	ā	afi
Hawaiian	kahi		kolu	hā	kanaka	hale	'īlio	niu	ao	hou	kākou	aha	ahi
Banjarese	asa	dua	talu	ampat	urang	rumah	hadupan	kalapa	hari	hanyar	kita	apa	api
Malagasy	isa	roa	telo	efatra	olona	trano	alika	voanio	andro	vaovao	isika	inona	afo
Dusun	iso	duo	tolu	apat	tulun	walai	tasu	piasau	tadau	wagu	tokou	onu/nu	tapui
Iban	sa/san	duan	dangku	dangkan	orang	rumah	ukui/uduk	nyiur	hari	baru	kitai	nama	api
Melanau	satu	dua	telou	empat	apah	lebok	asou	nyior	lau	baew	teleu		apui

Religious literature

Religious literature remains one of the most dynamic components to Tagalog literature. The first Bible in Tagalog, then called Ang Biblia ("the Bible") and now called Ang Dating Biblia ("the Old Bible"), was published in 1905. In 1970, the Philippine Bible Society translated the Bible into modern Tagalog. Even before the Second Vatican Council, devotional materials in Tagalog had been in circulation. There are at least four circulating Tagalog translations of the Bible

• the Magandang Balita Biblia (a parallel translation of the Good News Bible), which is the ecumenical version
• the Bibliya ng Sambayanang Pilipino
• the 1905 Ang Biblia, used more by Protestants
• the Bagong Sanlibutang Salin ng Banal na Kasulatan (New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures), exclusive to the Jehovah's Witnesses

When the Second Vatican Council, (specifically the Sacrosanctum Concilium) permitted the universal prayers to be translated into vernacular languages, the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines was one of the first to translate the Roman Missal into Tagalog. The Roman Missal in Tagalog was published as early as 1982. In 2012, the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines revised the 41-year-old liturgy with an English version of the Roman Missal, and later translated it in the vernacular to several native languages in the Philippines. For instance, in 2024, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Malolos uses the Tagalog translation of the Roman Missal entitled "Ang Aklat ng Mabuting Balita."

Jehovah's Witnesses were printing Tagalog literature at least as early as 1941 and The Watchtower (the primary magazine of Jehovah's Witnesses) has been published in Tagalog since at least the 1950s. New releases are now regularly released simultaneously in a number of languages, including Tagalog. The official website of Jehovah's Witnesses also has some publications available online in Tagalog. The revised bible edition, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, was released in Tagalog on 2019 and it is distributed without charge both printed and online versions.

Tagalog is quite a stable language, and very few revisions have been made to Catholic Bible translations. Also, as Protestantism in the Philippines is relatively young, liturgical prayers tend to be more ecumenical.

Example texts

Lord's Prayer

In Tagalog, the Lord's Prayer is known by its incipit, Amá Namin (literally, "Our Father").

Amá namin, sumasalangit Ka,
Sambahín ang ngalan Mo.
Mapasaamin ang kaharián Mo.
Sundín ang loób Mo,
Dito sa lupà, gaya nang sa langit.
Bigyán Mo kamí ngayón ng aming kakanin sa araw-araw,
At patawarin Mo kamí sa aming mga salà,
Para nang pagpápatawad namin,
Sa nagkakasalà sa amin;
At huwág Mo kamíng ipahintulot sa tuksô,
At iadyâ Mo kamí sa lahát ng masamâ.
[Sapagkát sa Inyó ang kaharián, at ang kapangyarihan,
At ang kaluwálhatian, ngayón, at magpakailanman.]
Amen.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

This is Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Pangkalahatáng Pagpapahayág ng Karapatáng Pantao)

Tagalog (Latin)

Bawat tao'y isinilang na may layà at magkakapantáy ang tagláy na dangál at karapatán. Silá'y pinagkalooban ng pangangatwiran at budhî, na kailangang gamitin nilá sa pagtuturingan nilá sa diwà ng pagkakapatiran.

Tagalog (Baybayin)

ᜊᜏᜆ᜔ ᜆᜂᜌ᜔ ᜁᜐᜒᜈᜒᜎᜅ᜔ ᜈ ᜋᜌ᜔ ᜎᜌ ᜀᜆ᜔ ᜋᜄ᜔ᜃᜃᜉᜈ᜔ᜆᜌ᜔ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜆᜄ᜔ᜎᜌ᜔ ᜈ ᜇᜅᜎ᜔ ᜀᜆ᜔ ᜃᜇᜉᜆᜈ᜔᜶ ᜐᜒᜎᜌ᜔ ᜉᜒᜈᜄ᜔ᜃᜎᜓᜂᜊᜈ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜃᜆ᜔ᜏᜒᜇᜈ᜔ ᜀᜆ᜔ ᜊᜓᜇᜑᜒ᜵ ᜈ ᜃᜁᜎᜅᜅ᜔ ᜄᜋᜒᜆᜒᜈ᜔ ᜈᜒᜎ ᜐ ᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜆᜓᜇᜒᜅᜈ᜔ ᜈᜒᜎ ᜐ ᜇᜒᜏ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜉᜄ᜔ᜃᜃᜉᜆᜒᜇᜈ᜔᜶

English

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Numbers

Numbers (mga bilang/mga numero) in Tagalog follow two systems. The first consists of native Tagalog words and the other are Spanish-derived. (This may be compared to other East Asian languages, except with the second set of numbers borrowed from Spanish instead of Chinese.) For example, when a person refers to the number "seven", it can be translated into Tagalog as "pitó" or "siyete" (Spanish: siete).

Number	Cardinal	Spanish-derived (Original Spanish)	Ordinal
0	sero / walâ (lit. "null")	sero (cero)	–
1	isá	uno (uno)	una
2	dalawá	dos (dos)	pangalawá / ikalawá
3	tatló	tres (tres)	pangatló / ikatló
4	apat	kuwatro (cuatro)	pang-apat / ikaapat (In standard Filipino orthography, "ika" and the number-word are never hyphenated.)
5	limá	singko (cinco)	panlimá / ikalimá
6	anim	seis (seis)	pang-anim / ikaanim
7	pitó	siyete (siete)	pampitó / ikapitó
8	waló	otso (ocho)	pangwaló / ikawaló
9	siyám	nuwebe (nueve)	pansiyám / ikasiyám
10	sampû / pû (archaic)	diyés (diez)	pansampû / ikasampû (or ikapû in some literary compositions)
11	labíng-isá	onse (once)	panlabíng-isá / pang-onse / ikalabíng-isá
12	labíndalawá	dose (doce)	panlabíndalawá / pandose / ikalabíndalawá
13	labíntatló	trese (trece)	panlabíntatló / pantrese / ikalabíntatló
14	labíng-apat	katorse (catorce)	panlabíng-apat / pangkatorse / ikalabíng-apat
15	labínlimá	kinse (quince)	panlabínlimá / pangkinse / ikalabínlimá
16	labíng-anim	disisais (dieciséis)	panlabíng-anim / pandyes-sais / ikalabíng-anim
17	labímpitó	disisiyete (diecisiete)	panlabímpitó / pandyes-syete / ikalabímpitó
18	labíngwaló	disiotso (dieciocho)	panlabíngwaló / pandyes-otso / ikalabíngwaló
19	labinsiyám / labins'yam / labingsiyam	disinuwebe (diecinueve)	panlabinsiyám / pandyes-nwebe / ikalabinsiyám
20	dalawampû	beynte (veinte)	pandalawampû / ikadalawampû (rare literary variant: ikalawampû)
21	dalawampú't isá	beynte y uno / beynte'y uno (veintiuno)	pang-dalawampú't isá / ikalawamapú't isá
30	tatlumpû	treynta (treinta)	pantatlumpû / ikatatlumpû (rare literary variant: ikatlumpû)
40	apatnapû	kuwarenta (cuarenta)	pang-apatnapû / ikaapatnapû
50	limampû	singkuwenta (cincuenta)	panlimampû / ikalimampû
60	animnapû	sesenta (sesenta)	pang-animnapû / ikaanimnapû
70	pitumpû	setenta (setenta)	pampitumpû / ikapitumpû
80	walumpû	otsenta (ochenta)	pangwalumpû / ikawalumpû
90	siyamnapû	nobenta (noventa)	pansiyamnapû / ikasiyamnapû
100	sándaán / daán	siyen (cien)	pan(g)-(i)sándaán / ikasándaán (rare literary variant: ikaisándaán)
200	dalawandaán	dosyentos (doscientos)	pandalawándaán / ikadalawandaan (rare literary variant: ikalawándaán)
300	tatlóndaán	tresyentos (trescientos)	pantatlóndaán / ikatatlondaan (rare literary variant: ikatlóndaán)
400	apat na raán	kuwatrosyentos (cuatrocientos)	pang-apat na raán / ikaapat na raán
500	limándaán	kinyentos (quinientos)	panlimándaán / ikalimándaán
600	anim na raán	seissiyentos (seiscientos)	pang-anim na raán / ikaanim na raán
700	pitondaán	setesyentos (setecientos)	pampitóndaán / ikapitóndaán (or ikapitóng raán)
800	walóndaán	otsosyentos (ochocientos)	pangwalóndaán / ikawalóndaán (or ikawalóng raán)
900	siyám na raán	nobesyentos (novecientos)	pansiyám na raán / ikasiyám na raán
1,000	sánlibo / libo	mil / uno mil (mil)	pan(g)-(i)sánlibo / ikasánlibo
2,000	dalawánlibo	dos mil (dos mil)	pangalawáng libo / ikalawánlibo
10,000	sánlaksâ / sampúng libo	diyes mil (diez mil)	pansampúng libo / ikasampúng libo
20,000	dalawanlaksâ / dalawampúng libo	beynte mil (veinte mil)	pangalawampúng libo / ikalawampúng libo
100,000	sangyutá / sandaáng libo	siyento mil (cien mil)
200,000	dalawangyutá / dalawandaáng libo	dosyentos mil (doscientos mil)
1,000,000	sang-angaw / sangmilyón	milyón (un millón)
2,000,000	dalawang-angaw / dalawang milyón	dos milyónes (dos millones)
10,000,000	sangkatì / sampung milyón	diyes milyónes (diez millones)
100,000,000	sambahalà / sampúngkatì / sandaáng milyón	siyen milyónes (cien millones)
1,000,000,000	sanggatós / sang-atós / sambilyón	bilyón / mil milyón (un billón (US), mil millones, millardo)
1,000,000,000,000	sang-ipaw / santrilyón	trilyón / bilyón (un trillón (US), un billón)

Number	English	Spanish	Ordinal / Fraction / Cardinal
1st	first	primer, primero, primera	una / ikaisá
2nd	second	segundo/a	ikalawá
3rd	third	tercero/a	ikatló
4th	fourth	cuarto/a	ikaapat
5th	fifth	quinto/a	ikalimá
6th	sixth	sexto/a	ikaanim
7th	seventh	séptimo/a	ikapitó
8th	eighth	octavo/a	ikawaló
9th	ninth	noveno/a	ikasiyám
10th	tenth	décimo/a	ikasampû
1⁄2	half	medio/a, mitad	kalahatì
1⁄4	one quarter	cuarto	kapat
3⁄5	three fifths	tres quintas partes	tatlóng-kalimá
2⁄3	two thirds	dos tercios	dalawáng-katló
1+1⁄2	one and a half	uno y medio	isá't kalahatì
2+2⁄3	two and two thirds	dos y dos tercios	dalawá't dalawáng-katló
0.5	zero point five	cero punto cinco, cero coma cinco, cero con cinco	salapî / limá hinatì sa sampû
0.05	zero point zero five	cero punto cero cinco, cero coma cero cinco, cero con cero cinco	bagól / limá hinatì sa sandaán
0.005	zero point zero zero five	cero punto cero cero cinco, cero coma cero cero cinco, cero con cero cero cinco	limá hinatì sa sanlibo
1.25	one point two five	uno punto veinticinco, uno coma veinticinco, uno con veinticinco	isá't dalawampú't limá hinatì sa sampû
2.025	two point zero two five	dos punto cero veinticinco, dos coma cero veinticinco, dos con cero veinticinco	dalawá't dalawampú't limá hinatì sa sanlibo
25%	twenty-five percent	veinticinco por ciento	dalawampú't-limáng bahagdán
50%	fifty percent	cincuenta por ciento	limampúng bahagdán
75%	seventy-five percent	setenta y cinco por ciento	pitumpú't-limáng bahagdán

Months and days

Months and days in Tagalog are also localised forms of Spanish months and days. "Month" in Tagalog is buwán (also the word for moon) and "day" is araw (the word also means sun). Unlike Spanish, however, months and days in Tagalog are always capitalised.

Month	Original Spanish	Tagalog (abbreviation)
January	enero	Enero (Ene.)
February	febrero	Pebrero (Peb.)
March	marzo	Marso (Mar.)
April	abril	Abríl (Abr.)
May	mayo	Mayo (Mayo)
June	junio	Hunyo (Hun.)
July	julio	Hulyo (Hul.)
August	agosto	Agosto (Ago.)
September	septiembre	Setyembre (Set.)
October	octubre	Oktubre (Okt.)
November	noviembre	Nobyembre (Nob.)
December	diciembre	Disyembre (Dis.)

Day	Original Spanish	Tagalog
Sunday	domingo	Linggó
Monday	lunes	Lunes
Tuesday	martes	Martes
Wednesday	miércoles	Miyérkules / Myérkules
Thursday	jueves	Huwebes / Hwebes
Friday	viernes	Biyernes / Byernes
Saturday	sábado	Sábado

Time

Time expressions in Tagalog are also Tagalized forms of the corresponding Spanish. "Time" in Tagalog is panahón or oras.

Time	English	Original Spanish	Tagalog
1 hour	one hour	una hora	Isáng oras
2 min	two minutes	dos minutos	Dalawáng sandalî/minuto
3 sec	three seconds	tres segundos	Tatlóng saglít/segundo
	morning	mañana	Umaga
	afternoon	tarde	Hápon
	evening/night	noche	Gabí
	noon	mediodía	Tanghalì
	midnight	medianoche	Hatinggabí
1:00 am	one in the morning	una de la mañana	Ika-isá ng umaga
7:00 pm	seven at night	siete de la noche	Ikapitó ng gabí
1:15	quarter past one one-fifteen	una y cuarto	Kapat makalipas ika-isá Labínlimá makalipas ika-isá Apatnapú't-limá bago mag-ikalawá Tatlong-kapat bago mag-ikalawá
2:30	half past two two-thirty half-way to/of three	dos y media	Kalahatì makalipas ikalawá Tatlumpû makalipas ikalawá Tatlumpû bago mag-ikatló Kalahatì bago mag-ikatló
3:45	three-forty-five quarter to/of four	tres y cuarenta y cinco cuatro menos cuarto	Tatlóng-kapat makalipas ikatló Apatnapú't-limá makalipas ikatló Labínlimá bago mag-ikaapat Kapat bago mag-ikaapat
4:25	four-twenty-five twenty-five past four	cuatro y veinticinco	Dalawampú't-limá makalipas ikaapat Tatlumpú't-limá bago mag-ikaapat
5:35	five-thirty-five twenty-five to/of six	cinco y treinta y cinco seis menos veinticinco	Tatlumpú't-limá makalipas ikalimá Dalawampú't-limá bago mag-ikaanim

Common phrases

English	Tagalog (with Pronunciation)
Filipino	Pilipino
English	Inglés
Tagalog	Tagálog
Spanish	Espanyol/Español/Kastila
What is your name?	Anó ang pangálan ninyó/nilá*? (plural or polite) , Anó ang pangálan mo? (singular)
How are you?	Kumustá (modern), Anó pô ang lagáy ninyó/nilá? (old use)
Knock knock	Táo pô
Good day!	Magandáng araw!
Good morning!	Magandáng umaga!
Good noontime! (from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m.)	Magandáng tanghali!
Good afternoon! (from 1 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.)	Magandáng hapon!
Good evening!	Magandáng gabí!
Good-bye	Paálam
Please	Depending on the nature of the verb, either pakí- or makí- is attached as a prefix to a verb. Ngâ is optionally added after the verb to increase politeness. (e.g. Pakipasa ngâ ang tinapay. ("Can you pass the bread, please?"))
Thank you	Salamat
This one	Itó , sometimes pronounced (literally—"it", "this")
That one (close to addressee)	Iyán
That one (far from speaker and addressee)	Iyón
Here	Dito , heto , simplified to eto ("Here it is")
Right there	Diyán , (h)ayán ("There it is")
Over there	Doón , ayón ("There it is")
How much?	Magkano?
How many?	Ilán?
Yes	Oo Opò or ohò (formal/polite form)
No	Hindî (at the end of a pause or sentence), often shortened to dî Hindî pô (formal/polite form)
I don't know	Hindî ko alám Very informal: Ewan , archaic aywan (closest English equivalent: colloquial dismissive 'Whatever' or 'Dunno')
Sorry	Pasénsiya pô (literally from the word "patience") or paumanhín pô , patawad pô (literally—"asking your forgiveness")
Because	Kasí or dahil
Hurry!	Dalî! , Bilís!
Again	Mulî , ulít
I don't understand	Hindî ko naíintindihán or Hindî ko naúunawáan
What?	Anó?
Where?	Saán? , Nasaán? (literally – "Where at?")
Why?	Bakit?
When?	Kailán? , , or (literally—"In what order?/"At what count?")
How?	Paánó? (literally—"By what?")
Where's the bathroom?	Nasaán ang banyo?
Generic toast	Mabuhay! (literally—"long live")
Do you speak English?	Marunong ka bang magsalitâ ng Inglés? Marunong pô ba kayóng magsalitâ ng Inglés? (polite version for elders and strangers) Marunong ka bang mag-Inglés? (short form) Marunong pô ba kayóng mag-Inglés? (short form, polite version for elders and strangers)
It is fun to live.	Masayá ang mabuhay! or Masaya'ng mabuhay (contracted version)

*Pronouns such as niyó (2nd person plural) and nilá (3rd person plural) are used on a single 2nd person in polite or formal language. See Tagalog grammar.

Proverbs

Ang hindî marunong lumingón sa pinánggalingan ay hindî makaráratíng sa paroroonan.

(— José Rizal)

One who knows not how to look back to whence he came will never get to where he is going.

Unang kagát, tinapay pa rin.
First bite, still bread.
All fluff, no substance.

Tao ka nang humaráp, bilang tao kitáng haharapin.
You reach me as a human, I will treat you as a human and never act as a traitor.
(A proverb in Southern Tagalog that has made people aware of the significance of sincerity in Tagalog communities.)

Hulí man daw (raw) at magalíng, nakáhahábol pa rin.
If one is behind but capable, one will still be able to catch up.

Magbirô ka na sa lasíng, huwág lang sa bagong gising.
Make fun of someone drunk, if you must, but never one who has just awakened.

Aanhín pa ang damó kung patáy na ang kabayò?
What use is the grass if the horse is already dead?

Ang sakít ng kalingkingan, damdám ng buóng katawán.
The pain in the pinkie is felt by the whole body.
In a group, if one goes down, the rest follow.

Nasa hulí ang pagsisisi.
Regret is always in the end.

Pagkáhabà-habà man ng prusisyón, sa simbahan pa rin ang tulóy.
The procession may stretch on and on, but it still ends up at the church.
(In romance: refers to how certain people are destined to be married. In general: refers to how some things are inevitable, no matter how long you try to postpone it.)

Kung 'dî mádaán sa santóng dasalan, daanin sa santóng paspasan.
If it cannot be got through holy prayer, get it through blessed force.
(In romance and courting: santóng paspasan literally means 'holy speeding' and is a euphemism for sexual intercourse. It refers to the two styles of courting by Filipino boys: one is the traditional, protracted, restrained manner favored by older generations, which often featured serenades and manual labor for the girl's family; the other is upfront seduction, which may lead to a slap on the face or a pregnancy out of wedlock. The second conclusion is known as pikot or what Western cultures would call a 'shotgun marriage'. This proverb is also applied in terms of diplomacy and negotiation.)

See also

• Filipino language
  • Filipino alphabet
  • Filipino orthography
  • Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino
• Abakada alphabet
• Old Tagalog
• Taglish
• Tagalog Misplaced Pages
• Languages of the Philippines

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Further reading

• Tupas, Ruanni (2015). "The Politics of "P" and "F": A Linguistic History of Nation-Building in the Philippines". Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 36 (6): 587–597. doi:10.1080/01434632.2014.979831. S2CID 143332545.

External links

• Tagalog Dictionary
• Tagalog verbs with conjugation
• Tagalog Lessons Dictionary
• Tagalog Quotes
• Patama Quotes
• Tagalog Translate
• Tagalog Forum
• Kaipuleohone archive of Tagalog

Tagalog

v t e Languages of the Philippines Official languages Filipino English Regional languages Bikol Cebuano Chavacano Hiligaynon Ibanag Ilocano Kapampangan Karay-a Maguindanao Maranao Pangasinan Tagalog Waray Indigenous languages (by region) Bangsamoro Iranun Pangutaran Sama Sama Tausug Yakan Bicol Region Albay Bikol Inagta Partido Manide Masbateño Mount Iraya Agta Mount Iriga Agta Northern Sorsogon Pandan Bikol Rinconada Bikol Southern Catanduanes Bikol Southern Sorsogon Cagayan Valley Arta Atta Bugkalot Central Cagayan Agta Dinapigue Agta Dupaningan Agta Gaddang Isinai Itawis Itbayat Ivatan Kalanguya Karao Malaweg Nagtipunan Agta Paranan Agta Paranan Yogad Calabarzon Inagta Alabat Manide Hatang Kayi (Remontado) Southern Alta Umiray Dumaget Caraga Agusan Ata Manobo Butuanon Higaonon Kamayo Mamanwa Surigaonon Central Luzon Abellen Ambala Antsi Botolan Casiguran Dumagat Agta Indi Kasiguranin Mariveleño Northern Alta Sambal Southern Alta Umiray Dumaget Central Visayas Bantayanon Eskayan Karolanos Magahat Porohanon Cordillera Atta Balangao Bontoc Ga'dang Ibaloi Ifugao Isnag Itawis Itneg Iwaak Kalanguya Kalinga Kankanaey Malaweg Tuwali Davao Region Blaan Davaoeño Kalagan Klata Mandaya Mansaka Obo Sangirese Sarangani Tagabawa Eastern Visayas Abaknon Baybay Kabalian Ilocos Region Bolinao Metro Manila Taglish Mimaropa Agutaynen Alangan Asi Batak Buhid Calamian Tagbanwa Central Tagbanwa Cuyonon Hanunoo Iraya Kagayanen Molbog Onhan Palawano Ratagnon Romblomanon Tadyawan Tawbuid Northern Mindanao Bukid Higaonon Ilianen Iranun Kamigin Matigsalug Subanen Western Bukidnon Soccsksargen Blaan Cotabato Manobo Ilianen Iranun Obo Tboli Tiruray Western Visayas Aklanon Ata Ati Caluyanon Capiznon Sulod Zamboanga Peninsula Subanen Immigrant languages Arabic Basque Chinese Hokkien Mandarin French German Japanese Korean Malay Indonesian Malaysian Sindhi Spanish status Sign languages Filipino Sign Language Historical languages Proto-Philippine Old Tagalog Old Cebuano v t e Philippine languages Batanic (Bashiic) Itbayat Ivatan Yami Bilic Blaan Tboli Teduray Central Luzon Hatang Kayi (Remontado) Kapampangan Sambalic Abellen Ambala Bolinao Botolan Mag-antsi Mag-indi Mariveleño Sambal Greater Central Philippine Central Philippine Bikol Albay Bikol Central Bikol Isarog Agta Mount Iraya Agta Mount Iriga Agta Pandan Bikol Rinconada Bisayan Aklanon Asi Bantayanon Baybay Butuanon Caluyanon Capiznon Cebuano Boholano Old Cebuano † Cuyonon Hiligaynon Kabalian Karay-a Karolanos Magahat Masbateño Northern Sorsogon Onhan Porohanon Ratagnon Romblomanon Southern Sorsogon Sulod Surigaonon Tausug Waray Mansakan Davawenyo Kalagan Kamayo Mamanwa Mandaya Mansaka Tagalogic Kasiguranin Tagalog Old Tagalog † Batangueño Filipino (unclassified) Ata † Danao Iranun Maguindanao Maranao Gorontalo–Mongondow Bintauna Bolango Buol Gorontalo Kaidipang Lolak Mongondow Ponosakan Suwawa Manobo Agusan Ata Manobo Binukid Cotabato Manobo Higaonon Ilianen Kagayanen Kamigin Matigsalug Obo Sarangani Tagabawa Western Bukidnon Palawanic Aborlan Tagbanwa Batak Central Tagbanwa Palawano Taawʼt Bato Southern Mindoro Buhid Hanunoo Tawbuid Subanen Western Subanon Kalamian Agutaynen Calamian Tagbanwa Minahasan Tombulu Tondano Tonsawang Tonsea Tontemboan Northern Luzon Arta Dicamay Agta † Ilocano Cagayan Valley Atta Cagayan Agta Gaʼdang Gaddang Ibanag Isnag Itawis Yogad Meso-Cordilleran Northern Alta Southern Alta Central Cordilleran Balangao Bontoc Ifugao Isinai Itneg Kalinga Kankanaey Tuwali Southern Cordilleran Bugkalot Ibaloi Iwaak Kalanguya Karao Pangasinan Northern Mindoro Alangan Iraya Tadyawan Sangiric Bantik Ratahan Sangir Talaud Other branches Ati Klata Umiray Dumaget Manide–Alabat Inagta Alabat Manide Reconstructed Proto-Philippine † † indicates extinct status ? indicates classification dispute

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• Tagalog language
• Languages attested from the 10th century
• Languages of the Philippines
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• Agglutinative languages
• Subject–verb–object languages
• Verb–object–subject languages
• Verb–subject–object languages