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{{Short description|American politician and commentator (born 1958)}}
{{Infobox senator
{{pp-move|small=yes}}
| name = Richard John Santorum
{{Use American English|date = April 2019}}
| image = Rick Santorum official photo.jpg
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2012}}
| jr/sr = United States Senator
{{Infobox officeholder
| state = ]
|name = Rick Santorum
| party = ]
| term = January 3, 1995 January 3, 2007 |image = Rick Santorum by Gage Skidmore 12.jpg
|caption = Santorum in 2017
| preceded = ]
|office = ]
| succeeded = ]
| state2 = ] |leader = ]<br>]
|term_start = January 3, 2001
| district2 = ]
| term2 = January 3, 1991 – January 3, 1995 |term_end = January 3, 2007
| preceded2 = ] |predecessor = ]
| succeeded2 = ] |successor = ]
|jr/sr1 = United States Senator
| date of birth = {{Birth date and age|1958|05|10}}
|state1 = ]
| place of birth = ], ]
|term_start1 = January 3, 1995
| dead = alive
|term_end1 = January 3, 2007
| occupation = Attorney
|predecessor1 = ]
| residence = ]
|successor1 = ]
| law school = ], 1986
| spouse = Karen Garver Santorum |state2 = ]
|district2 = {{ushr|PA|18|18th}}
| alma_mater = ] <br/> ] <br/> ]
|term_start2 = January 3, 1991
| religion = ]<ref name="sokolove" />
|term_end2 = January 3, 1995
| footnotes =
|predecessor2 = ]
|successor2 = ]
|birth_name = Richard John Santorum
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|5|10}}
|birth_place = ], U.S.
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party = ]
|spouse = {{marriage|Karen Garver|1990}}
|children = 8
|education = ] (])<br>] (])<br>] (])
|signature = Rick Santorum signature.png
|website = {{official URL}}
|module = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Sen. Rick Santorum on the September 11 Attacks.ogg|title=Rick Santorum's voice|type=speech|description=Rick Santorum on necessary actions after the ]<br/>Recorded September 12, 2001}}
}} }}
<!-- Do not remove this without discussion. -->
'''Richard John "Rick" Santorum''' (born May 10, 1958) is a former ] from the Commonwealth of ]. Santorum is a member of the ] and was the chairman of the ], the number-three job in the party leadership of the Senate.


'''Richard John Santorum''' ({{IPAc-en|s|æ|n|'|t|oʊr|ə|m}} {{Respell|san|TOR|əm}}; born May 10, 1958) is an American politician, attorney, author, and political commentator who represented ] in the ] from 1995 to 2007. He was the Senate's ] during the final six years of his tenure. He also ] for ] in the ], finishing second to ].
Santorum is considered a social and fiscal ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ontheissues.org/senate/rick_santorum.htm |title=Rick Santorum on the Issues |publisher=Ontheissues.org |date= |accessdate=2010-06-18}}</ref> He is particularly known for his stances on the ], ], ], ], and the ].<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news|url=http://www.commondreams.org/headlines06/0110-04.htm|title=The Religious Right Faces its Purgatory|author=Peter S. Canellos|publisher=The Boston Globe|date=January 10, 2006}}</ref>
Santorum was defeated 59% to 41% in the ] by Democratic candidate ] This was the largest margin of defeat for an incumbent Senator since ].


Santorum was elected to the ] from Pennsylvania in 1994. He served two terms until losing his ] to his opponent, ]. A Roman ], Santorum is a ] who opposes abortion and ] and embraced a cultural warrior image during his Senate tenure. While serving as a senator, Santorum authored the ], which would have promoted the teaching of ]. He was a leading sponsor of the 2003 federal law known as the ].
In March 2007, Santorum joined the law firm Eckert Seamans Cherin & Mellott, LLC. He was to primarily practice law in the firm’s Pittsburgh and Washington, D.C. offices, where he was to provide business and strategic counseling services to the firm's clients. In addition to his work with the firm, Santorum also serves as a Senior Fellow with the ] in Washington, D.C., and is a contributor to ]. Santorum is currently considering a bid for ].


In the years following his departure from the Senate, Santorum has worked as a consultant, private practice lawyer, and news contributor. He ran for the ]. Before suspending his campaign on April 10, 2012, Santorum exceeded expectations by winning 11 ] and receiving nearly four million votes, making him the runner-up to eventual nominee ]. Santorum ran for president again ], but ended his campaign in February 2016 after a poor showing in the ]. In January 2017, he became a ] senior ]. However, he was terminated from his contract with CNN in May 2021 due to comments he made about Native Americans a few weeks prior which were deemed "dismissive".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/22/business/media/rick-santorum-cnn.html|title=CNN Drops Rick Santorum After Dismissive Comments About Native Americans|date=May 22, 2021|work=]|access-date=May 23, 2021}}</ref>
==Early life, education, and legal career==
{{TOC limit|3}}
Santorum was born in Winchester, ], and raised in ], and ], the son of Aldo Santorum (born 1923) and Catherine (née Dughi; born 1918). Both his father and maternal grandfather were ]s from ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~battle/senators/santorum.htm |title=Santorum genealogy |publisher=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-18}}</ref><ref name="offbio">{{cite web|url=http://santorum.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=AboutRickSantorum.Biography&CFID=5631024&CFTOKEN=61712707|title=The Senator's Biography|work=Santorum's Senate website (no longer exists)|accessdate=2006-08-23}}</ref>


==Early life and education==
Both of Santorum's parents worked at the Veteran's Administration Hospital in Butler, and the family lived on the VA hospital post. His father became licensed as a psychologist in August 1974. After attending schools in the Butler Area School District,<ref>Butler Senior High School classbook, "The Magnet", 1975</ref> where he gained the nickname "Rooster",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/060616/16santorum.htm |title=Nation & World: 20 things about Rick Santorum - US News and World Report |publisher=Usnews.com |date=1958-05-10 |accessdate=2010-06-18}}</ref> allegedly because he ''"always had a few errant hairs on the back of his head that refused to stay down"'' (because of an orthodontic head brace), and he was ''"noisy, showy, dogged and determined like a rooster and never backed down"''.
Richard John Santorum was born in ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://washington.cbslocal.com/2012/01/31/gop-candidate-rick-santorums-daughter-hospitalized-in-virginia/|title=GOP Candidate Rick Santorum's Daughter Hospitalized In Virginia|date=January 31, 2012|publisher=]|access-date=February 19, 2012}}</ref> He is the second of the three children of Aldo Santorum (1923–2011), a ] who immigrated to the United States at age seven from ], ], ],<ref name="legacy1"/> and Catherine (Dughi) Santorum (1918–2019), an administrative nurse<ref name="legacy1"/><ref name="patownhall"/><ref name="psychologist"/> who was of ] and ] ancestry.<ref name="mother's descent"/>


Santorum grew up in ], and ]. In West Virginia, his family lived in an apartment provided by the ].<ref>{{cite news|work=]|date=February 26, 2012|url=https://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-gop-culture-war-20120227,0,2611211.story|author=Paul West|title=Santorum and Romney fight their own class war in Michigan}}</ref> Santorum attended elementary school at Butler Catholic School and then went on to Butler Senior High School. He was nicknamed "Rooster", supposedly for both a ] strand of hair and an assertive nature, particularly on important political issues.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ball|first=Molly|title=Who Is Rick Santorum?|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/01/who-is-rick-santorum/250740/|access-date=January 20, 2012|newspaper=]|date=January 2, 2012}} quoting a 2005 article: {{cite news|last=Newall|first=Mike|title=The Path of the Righteous Man: How Rick Santorum became the nation's evangelical poster boy|url=http://archives.citypaper.net/articles/2005-09-29/cover.shtml|access-date=January 20, 2012|newspaper=Philadelphia CityPaper|date=October 5, 2005|quote=Everybody called him "Rooster" because of a strand of hair on the back of his head which stood up, and because of his competitive, in-your-face attitude. 'He would debate anything and everything with you, mostly sports,' says Goettler. 'He was like a rooster. He never backed down.{{'-}}|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123055215/http://archives.citypaper.net/articles/2005-09-29/cover.shtml|archive-date=January 23, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="long on substance"/><ref name="Magnet"/><ref name="20things"/> After his parents transferred to the ] in northern Illinois, Santorum attended the ] in ], for one year, graduating in 1976.<ref name="political alumni"/>
Santorum graduated from ] in ] in 1976.,<ref>{{cite news|author=Tony Scifo|work=Daily Herald|title=Carmel's political alumni return for chat with students Carmel High School|date=November 5, 1996}}</ref> where his father transferred within the VA hospital system. He lists his residency as ], Pennsylvania, and maintains a home in ], for his work in ]


Santorum attended ] for his undergraduate studies, serving as chairman of the university's ] chapter and graduating with a ] degree with honors in ] in 1980.<ref>{{cite web|title=Santorum to visit Penn State|url=http://www.collegian.psu.edu/archive/2011/08/26/santorum_to_visit_penn_state.aspx|last=Murray|first=Michael|date=August 26, 2011|work=The Daily Collegian|access-date=February 14, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602071353/http://www.collegian.psu.edu/archive/2011/08/26/santorum_to_visit_penn_state.aspx|archive-date=June 2, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> While at Penn State, Santorum joined the ] ].<ref name=fratbro1>{{cite news|last=Cherkis|first=Jason|title=Rick Santorum's Frat Brothers Perplexed By Claims Of Cultural Oppression|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/01/rick-santorum-frat_n_1312924.html|access-date=June 30, 2012|newspaper=]|date=March 5, 2012}}</ref> He then completed a one-year ] program at the ]'s ], graduating in 1981.<ref> October 1, 2011</ref> In 1986, Santorum received a ] degree with honors from ].<ref name="pa manual"/>
Santorum earned a ] ], majoring in ], from ] in 1980, and a ] degree from the ] in 1981. He is a member of ] fraternity.


==Early career==
In 1986, Santorum earned a ] (J.D.) from the ], was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar, and began practicing law in ]. While working at the ] of ], he represented the ], arguing that ] should be exempt from federal ] regulations because it was not a sport.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://citypaper.net/articles/2005-09-29/cover.shtml|title=The Path of the Righteous Man: How Rick Santorum became the nation's evangelical poster boy|author=Mike Newall|publisher=Philadelphia citypaper.net|date=September 29, 2005|accessdate=2006-08-23}}</ref> Santorum left private practice after first being elected to the House in November 1990.
Santorum first became actively involved in politics in the 1970s through volunteering for Senator ], a Republican from Pennsylvania (whose seat Santorum himself would later occupy).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/26/rick-santorum-conservative_n_1300434.html|title=Rick Santorum: A Conservative Who Once Defended Labor Unions, Gays In Military, Art Funding|work=]|access-date=March 9, 2012|first=Jason|last=Cherkis|date=February 26, 2012}}</ref> Additionally, while in law school, Santorum was an administrative assistant to Republican state senator ], serving as Executive Director of the Pennsylvania Senate Local Government Committee from 1981 to 1984, then Executive Director of the Senate Transportation Committee.<ref name="pa manual"/>


After graduating, Santorum was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar and practiced law for four years at the Pittsburgh law firm Kirkpatrick & Lockhart, a firm known for raising political candidates and lobbyists (later named ]). As an associate, he successfully lobbied on behalf of the ] to deregulate professional wrestling, arguing that it should be exempt from federal ] regulations because it was entertainment, not a sport.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/01/rick-santorum-mr-bipartisan-compromise-and-mr-pro-wrestling/|title=Rick Santorum, Mr. Bipartisan Compromise – and Mr. Pro Wrestling?|work=]|date=January 4, 2012|first=Jake|last=Tapper|access-date=February 12, 2012}}</ref><ref name="11 things">{{cite news|title=11 Things You Might Not Know About Rick Santorum|first=Molly|last=Ball|work=]|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/45873944/ns/politics-decision_2012/t/things-you-might-not-know-about-santorum/#.W-JgmpNKiUk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307205015/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/45873944/ns/politics-decision_2012/t/things-you-might-not-know-about-santorum/#.W-JgmpNKiUk|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 7, 2013|access-date=November 6, 2018|date=January 2, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Conn. race a body slam – with Pa. ties: GOP Senate hopefuls rise got boost from Santorum.|author=Fitzgerald, Thomas|work=The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=October 22, 2010|page=A.1}}</ref> Santorum left his private law practice in 1990 after his election to the House of Representatives.
==Family==
Santorum and his wife, Karen Garver Santorum, have seven children: Elizabeth Anne (born 1991); Richard John ("Johnny"), Jr. (born 1993); Daniel James (born 1995); Sarah Maria (born 1998); Peter Kenneth (born 1999); Patrick Francis (born 2001); and Isabella "Bella" Maria (born 2008). Bella was subsequently diagnosed with ], a serious genetic disorder which is fatal before birth in 90 per cent of cases.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic.org/politics/story.php?id=34416|title=Senator Rick Santorum Pondering a Run for the U.S. Presidency|author=John-Henry Westen|publisher=LifeSiteNews.com|date=September 13, 2009|accessdate=2009-10-31}}</ref> In 1996, their son Gabriel Michael was born prematurely and lived for only two hours (a ] taken before Gabriel was born revealed that his posterior urethral valve was closed and that the prognosis for his survival was therefore poor).


==U.S. House of Representatives (1991–1995)==
Karen Santorum wrote a book about the experience: ''Letters to Gabriel: The True Story of Gabriel Michael Santorum''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Letters to Gabriel|author=Karen Garver Santorum|year=1998|publisher=CCC of America|isbn=1-56814-528-4}}</ref> In it, she writes that the couple brought the deceased infant home from the hospital and introduced the dead child to their living children as "your brother Gabriel" and slept with the body overnight before returning it to the hospital. The anecdote was also written about by Michael Sokolove in a 2005 ''New York Times Magazine'' story on Santorum.<ref name="sokolove">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/22/magazine/22SANTORUM.html?ei=5088&en=83d72ed75fbada1d&ex=1274414400&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&pagewanted=all|title=The Believer|author=Michael Sokolove|publisher=]|date=May 22, 2005}}</ref> Karen is also the author of a book on etiquette for children.<ref>{{cite book|title=Everyday Graces: Child's Book Of Good Manners (Foundations) (Hardcover) |author=Karen Santorum|publisher=]|year=2003|month=April|isbn=1-932236-09-0}}</ref>
] and ] stand behind him.]]
Having been groomed by Kirkpatrick & Lockhart, Santorum decided Democratic congressman ] was vulnerable, and took up residence in Walgren's district. Needing money and political support, he courted GOP activist and major donor ],<ref name="Hillman" /> the chair of the state Republican Party.<ref name="Hillman">{{Cite journal |last1=Konigsberg |first1=Eric |year=1995 |title=A Funny Thing Happened On the Way To Santorum |journal=] |volume=86 |issue=12 |page=150 |publisher=] |url=http://big.assets.huffingtonpost.com/PhillyMagSantorum.pdf |access-date=August 27, 2013}}</ref>
In 1990, at age 32, Santorum was elected to the ] to represent ], located in the eastern suburbs of ]. He scored a significant upset in the heavily Democratic district, defeating seven-term ] incumbent ] by a 51% to 49% margin.<ref name="news google 2"/> During his campaign Santorum repeatedly criticized Walgren for living outside the district for most of the year.<ref name="news google 3"/> Although the 18th District was ] for the 1992 elections, and the new district had a 3:1 ratio of registered Democrats to Republicans, Santorum still won reelection with 61% of the vote.<ref name="news google 4"/>


In 1993, Santorum was one of 17 House Republicans who sided with most Democrats to support legislation that prohibited employers from permanently replacing ] employees.<ref name="pro labor"/> He also joined a minority of Republicans to vote against the ] that year.<ref>John Vaught LaBeaume (January 9, 2012) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210095501/http://campaign2012.washingtonexaminer.com/blogs/beltway-confidential/santorum-examiner-stands-93-nafta-nay/302866 |date=February 10, 2012 }} '']''</ref> As a member of the ], Santorum was involved in exposing members of Congress involved in the ].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Toeplitz|first1=Shira|title=Santorum and Gingrich Share Complicated Past|url=http://www.rollcall.com/issues/57_85/Santorum-and-Gingrich-Share-Complicated-Past-211813-1.htm|access-date=April 27, 2016|publisher=Roll Call|date=January 25, 2012}}</ref>
Santorum and his family usually attend ] at ] church, near ] On November 12, 2004, Santorum and his wife were invested as Knight and Dame of Magistral Grace of the ] in a ceremony at ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maltausa.org/files/newsletter_hospitallers_04.pdf|format=PDF|title=HOSPITALLERS|publisher=Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and Malta|work=Volume 1|date=Winter 2004/2005|accessdate=2006-08-25}}</ref>


==U.S. Senate (1995–2007)==
==Political career==
===Elections===
Santorum first became actively involved in politics volunteering for the late Senator ].
]


Santorum served in the ] representing Pennsylvania from 1995 to 2007. From 2001 until 2007, he was the Senate's ].<ref name="fox news"/> He was first ] during the ], narrowly defeating incumbent Democrat ], 49% to 47%. The theme of Santorum's 1994 campaign signs was "Join the Fight!" During the race, he was considered an underdog, as his opponent was 32 years his senior.<ref name="politics news"/> He was ], defeating U.S. congressman ] by a 52% to 46% margin. In his reelection bid of ], he lost to Democrat ]<ref> ''NJ Today''. Retrieved February 12, 2012.</ref> by a 59% to 41% margin.
After earning his Juris Doctor, Santorum became an administrative assistant to Republican State Senator ] (until 1986). He was director of the Pennsylvania Senate's local government committee from 1981 to 1984, then director of the Pennsylvania Senate's Transportation Committee until 1986.


===Tenure===
In 1990, at age 32, Santorum was elected to the ] from ], located in the eastern suburbs of ]. He scored a significant upset, defeating a seven-term ] incumbent, ]. Although the 18th was heavily Democratic, Santorum attacked Walgren for living outside the district for most of the year. He was reelected in 1992, in part because the district lost its share of Pittsburgh as a result of redistricting. In Congress, as a member of the ], Santorum worked to expose congressional corruption by outing the guilty parties in the ].
After his election to the Senate in 1994, Santorum sought to "practice what preached" and hired five people for his staff who were on welfare, food stamps, or other government aid.<ref>Santorum, Rick. ''Blue Collar Conservatives: Recommitting to an America that Works''. Regnery Publishing, 2014, p. 97.</ref>


In 1996, Santorum served as Chairman of the Republican Party Task Force on Welfare Reform, and contributed to legislation that became the ]. Santorum was an author and the floor manager of the bill.<ref name="Fact Checker – Welfare reform">{{cite news |last=Hicks |first=Josh |title=Rick Santorum and welfare reform (Fact Checker biography) |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/post/rick-santorum-and-welfare-reform-fact-checker-biography/2012/01/12/gIQAmmUTtP_blog.html |newspaper=] |department=The Fact Checker |access-date=December 15, 2013 |date=January 12, 2012}}</ref> In 1996, Santorum endorsed moderate Republican ] in his short-lived campaign for president. Reporters have observed that though Santorum and Specter differed on social policy, Specter provided him with key political staff for his successful run in 1994.<ref name="post gazette"/>
]
In 1994, at the age of 36, Santorum was ], defeating the incumbent Democrat, ], who was 32 years his senior. The theme of Santorum's 1994 campaign, as portrayed on his campaign's signs, was "Join the Fight!"{{Citation needed|date=May 2008}} Santorum was ] in 2000 defeating Congressman ] by a 52.4% to 45.5% margin.


The ], a fiscal conservative organization, gave Santorum an "A−" score for his votes on fiscal issues, meaning that he was one of "the strongest supporters of responsible tax and spending policies" during his tenure, and ranked fifth in the group's rankings out of 50 senators who served at the same time.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/was-santorum-senate-spendthrift_629850.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216012830/http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/was-santorum-senate-spendthrift_629850.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 16, 2012 |title=Was Santorum a Senate Spendthrift?|work=The Weekly Standard |date=February 15, 2012 |access-date=March 7, 2012}}</ref>
In a 2002 ] ] designating politicians with ], he was named the "Most Ambitious"<ref name=yearbook>{{cite web| title =Keystone State Yearbook Committee| work = ]| publisher =The Publius Group | year = 2001| url = http://www.politicspa.com/yearbookcommittee.htm|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20020803170058/www.politicspa.com/yearbookcommittee.htm|archivedate=2002-08-31}}</ref>


===Legislative proposals===
As Chairman of the ], Santorum directed the communications operations of Senate Republicans and was a frequent party spokesperson. He was the youngest member of the Senate leadership and the first Pennsylvanian to hold such a prominent position since Senator ] was Republican leader in the 1970s. In addition, Santorum served on the Senate Agriculture Committee; the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs; the Senate Special Committee on Aging; and the ], of which he was the Chairman of the Subcommittee on ] and Family Policy.


====Religious freedom initiatives====
In January 2005, Santorum announced his intention to run for ], the second highest post in the Republican caucus after the ].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05026/448138.stm|title=Santorum focusing on re-election to Senate, not White House run|author=Maeve Reston|work=post-gazette.com|publisher=]|date=January 26, 2005}}</ref> The move came because it was presumed the incumbent whip, ] of ], was viewed as having the inside track to succeeding ] of ] as Senate Republican leader.
], and Rep. ] watch President George&nbsp;W. Bush sign the ]]]
] and the ] as President George W. Bush signs H.R. 6111, the ]<ref name="Senate Religious Freedom Agenda">{{cite web|title=Senate Religious Freedom Agenda|url=http://www.src.senate.gov/public/_files/graphics/ReligiousFreedomAgenda.pdf|publisher=The United States Senate|access-date=January 16, 2014}}</ref>]]
{{conservatism US|politicians}}
In 2002, Santorum was a co-sponsor of that year's attempt to pass the ] (WRFA).<ref name="2002 WRFA sponsors">{{cite web|title=S.2572 – Workplace Religious Freedom Act of 2002|date=May 23, 2002|url=http://beta.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/senate-bill/2572/cosponsors|publisher=The Library of Congress|access-date=December 15, 2013}}</ref> The bill had first been introduced in the Senate by Senator ] (D-MA) in 1996, having been introduced in the House by Rep. ] (D-NY) in 1994. Although Santorum was in the Senate at the time, he was not a sponsor of the bill when it was introduced in 1996, or when it was reintroduced in 1997 and 1999.<ref name="WFRA 1996 Thomas">{{cite web|title=Bill Summary & Status: 104th Congress (1995 – 1996) S.2071|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d104:s2071:|publisher=The Library of Congress (Thomas)|access-date=December 15, 2013|archive-date=January 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130193720/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d104:s2071:|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="WFRA 1997 Senate Cosponsors">{{cite web|title=S.1124 – Workplace Religious Freedom Act of 1997|date=October 21, 1997|url=http://beta.congress.gov/bill/105th-congress/senate-bill/1124/cosponsors|publisher=Congress.gov|access-date=December 15, 2013}}</ref><ref name="WFRA 1999 Cosponsors">{{cite web|title=Bill Summary & Status 106th Congress (1999 – 2000) S.1668 Cosponsors|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d106:SN01668:@@@P|publisher=The Library of Congress (Thomas)|access-date=December 15, 2013|archive-date=January 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130193720/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d106:SN01668:@@@P|url-status=dead}}</ref> Once signed on as a co-sponsor, Santorum remained so throughout his tenure in the Senate.


Santorum founded the Congressional Working Group on Religious Freedom in 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/R?r109:FLD001:S51408 |title=Congressional Record – 109th Congress (2005-2006) – THOMAS (Library of Congress) |publisher=Thomas.loc.gov |date=February 16, 2006 |access-date=January 20, 2013 |archive-date=January 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130193720/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/R?r109:FLD001:S51408 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Congressional Record—Senate |pages=S1407–409 |url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-2006-02-16/pdf/CREC-2006-02-16-pt1-PgS1407-2.pdf#page=2 |date=February 16, 2006 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office}}</ref> The group included members of both the Senate and the House of Representatives, and met monthly to address issues such as the Workplace Religious Freedom Act, tax-exempt status for churches, the CARE act, international religious freedom, and ].<ref name="Senate Religious Freedom Agenda"/>
During the lame-duck session of the 109th Congress, Santorum was one of only two senators who voted against ] to become Secretary of Defense. He cited his opposition to Gates' advocacy of engaging ] and ] to solve the problem, claiming that talking to "radical Islam" would be a grievous error.


====Teaching of evolution and intelligent design====
During his third term re-election campaign for his Senate seat against ], Santorum introduced the term "Islamic ]", while questioning "his opponent's ability to make the right decisions on national security at a time when 'our enemies are fully committed to our destruction.'"<ref>"Santorum: Casey lacking on security" http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06300/733425-177.stm</ref>
{{Main|Santorum Amendment}}
Santorum added to the 2001 ] bill a provision that would have provided more freedom to schools in teaching about the origins of life, including the teaching of the pseudoscience of ] alongside ].<ref name="wapostslevin"/><ref name="federal mandate"/> The bill, with the ] included, passed the Senate 91–8<ref name="wapostslevin"/><ref name="we'd like"/> and was hailed as a victory by intelligent design promoters,<ref name="fromthehill"/><ref name="kitzmiller_pg89"/><ref name="nejm"/><ref name=AAAS/> but before it became law, scientific and educational groups successfully urged its ] to strike the Santorum Amendment from the final version. Intelligent design supporters in Congress then preserved the language of the Santorum Amendment in the conference committee report of the bill's legislative history.<ref name="fromthehill"/><ref name="kitzmiller_pg89"/><ref name="nejm"/><ref name=AAAS/><ref name="no child"/> The ] and other intelligent design proponents point to this report as "a clear endorsement by Congress of the importance of teaching a variety of scientific views about the theory of evolution."<ref name="intelligent design"/><ref name="language"/>


In 2002, Santorum called intelligent design "a legitimate scientific theory that should be taught in science classes",<ref name="illiberal"/> but by 2005 he had adopted the ] approach.<ref name="teach"/><ref name="intelligent judging"/> He told ], "I'm not comfortable with intelligent design being taught in the science classroom. What we should be teaching are the problems and holes ... in the theory of evolution."<ref name="it takes"/> Later that year, Santorum resigned from the advisory board of the Christian-rights ] after the Center's lawyers lost a case representing a school board that had required the teaching of intelligent design.<ref name="breaks with"/> Santorum, who had previously supported the school board's policy, indicated he had not realized that certain members of the board had been motivated by religious beliefs.<ref name="breaks with"/> Santorum critics said he was backtracking from his earlier position because he was facing a tough reelection fight in 2006.<ref name="breaks with"/> When asked in November 2011 about his views on evolution, Santorum stated that he believes that evolution occurred on a tiny, ].<ref name="chris matthews"/>
==Political ideology==
He is known for his "confrontational, partisan, 'in your face' style of politics and government."<ref name=pareport2003>{{cite web| title =The PA Report “Power 75” List| work = ]| publisher = Capital Growth, Inc.| date = January 31, 2003| url = http://www.pa-report.com/uploaded_pdf/PAReportPower75_.pdf|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20060920200116/www.pa-report.com/uploaded_pdf/PAReportPower75_.pdf|archivedate=2006-09-02|format=PDF}}</ref>


====National Weather Service Duties Act====
In September 2005, in an effort to publicly realign himself with the conservative legacy, Santorum gave a speech that outlined the successes and failures — but more centrally the future — of conservatism, at the ]'s First International Conservative Conference on Social Justice. In November 2005, he adapted his speech into an ] piece for the political website ] outlining his vision for "]".
{{Main|National Weather Service Duties Act of 2005}}
Santorum introduced the National Weather Service Duties Act of 2005,<ref name="adds"/><ref name="national weather"/> which aimed to prohibit the National Weather Service from releasing weather data to the public without charge where private-sector entities perform the same function commercially.<ref name="some gop"/> The ] was organizing a lobbying effort in opposition to the legislation,<ref name="aopa"/> but it never passed committee.<ref name="aopa"/> The motivations for the bill were controversial, as employees of ], a commercial weather company based in Pennsylvania, donated $10,500 to Santorum and his PAC.<ref>{{cite news|title=Election '06|work=The Sunday Patriot – News |location=Harrisburg, Pa|date=August 27, 2006|page=A02}}</ref> The liberal advocacy group ] cited the bill as one of several reasons for listing Santorum as one of its "most corrupt politicians".<ref name="20mostcorrupt"/> In support of the bill, Santorum criticized the National Weather Service in September 2005, saying its evacuation warnings for ] were "insufficient".<ref name="some gop"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Todd Dorman column|author=Dorman, Todd|work=The Gazette|location=Cedar Rapids, Iowa|date=January 2, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Corruption Roll Call|work=Multinational Monitor|volume=27|issue=3|date=May–Jun 2006|pages=15–23}}</ref>


===Foreign policy===
{{quote|What I call "Compassionate Conservatism" has something unique to offer to the shaping of our future.
Santorum supports the ] and shares the views of ] and the ] in regard to foreign policy. He felt the ] was justified and in 2006 declared that ] (WMDs) had been found in Iraq. Santorum made the declaration regarding WMDs<ref name="wmdiraq"/> based in part on declassified portions of the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command.<ref name="iraqi chemical"/> The report stated that coalition forces had recovered approximately 500 weapons munitions that contain degraded or vacant ] or ] nerve agent casings. The specific weapons he referred to were chemical munitions dating back to the ] that were buried in the early 1990s. The report stated that while agents had degraded to an unknown degree, they remained dangerous and possibly lethal.<ref name="wmdiraq" /> Officials of the Department of Defense, CIA intelligence analysts, and the White House have all explicitly stated that these expired casings were not part of the WMDs threat that the ] was launched to contain.<ref name="lawmakers cite"/>


Santorum has said the war on terror can be won and is optimistic about U.S. involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan in the long term. He has defended the ] in ], including ], and stated that ], who opposed the practice, "doesn't understand how enhanced interrogation works."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0511/55140.html |title=Rick Santorum: John McCain wrong on torture |author=Juana Summers |work=] |date=May 17, 2011 |access-date=January 20, 2013}}</ref><ref name="post gazette1"/><ref name="mccain"/><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/05/18/santorum-mccain-doesnt-understand-interrogation/ | work=] | title=Santorum: McCain Doesn't Understand Interrogation | date=May 18, 2011 | access-date=May 13, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924140000/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/05/18/santorum-mccain-doesnt-understand-interrogation/ | archive-date=September 24, 2015 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Santorum called the War in Afghanistan "a very winnable operation" in 2012, dismissing efforts for withdrawal by 2014. He similarly criticized President Obama's foreign policy, saying he was "not focused on trying to win the war" in Afghanistan,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/03/santorum-hits-president-on-afghanistan-withdrawal-timeline/ |title=Santorum Hits President on Afghanistan Withdrawal Timeline – ABC News |publisher=] |date=March 12, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2013}}</ref> and said he was against any withdrawal in Iraq in 2012, saying, "We want victory."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/22/gop-debate-live_n_975000.html#22_rick-santorum-stay-in-iraq |title=GOP Debate: Republican Presidential Candidates Face Off In Florida (Live Updates) |publisher=] |access-date=January 20, 2013 |first=Elyse |last=Siegel |date=September 22, 2011}}</ref>
Compassionate Conservatism relies on healthy families, freedom of faith, a vibrant civil society, a proper understanding of the individual and a focused government to achieve noble purposes through definable objectives which offers hope to all. |<ref>{{cite web|author=Rick Santorum|url=http://www.townhall.com/columnists/RickSantorum/2005/11/17/the_conservative_future_compassion|title=The Conservative Future: Compassion|date=November 17, 2005|publisher=Townhall.com|accessdate=2006-08-23}}</ref>}}


Santorum supports U.S. political intervention<ref name=Helf/> and economic sanctions against ].<ref name="trying again"/> He views "Islamic fascism" in Iran as the center of the "world's conflict", and his geopolitical strategy for peace involves the United States promoting "a strong Lebanon, a strong Israel, and a strong Iraq."<ref name=Helf/> He sponsored the ] of 2003 to require Syria to cease all activity with Lebanon and end all support for terrorism.<ref name="trying again"/> In 2005, Santorum sponsored the ], which appropriated $10 million aimed at ] in Iran. The Act passed with overwhelming support. Santorum voted against the ] amendment, which would have closed the loophole that allows companies like ] to do business with Iran through their foreign affiliates.<ref name="on iran"/> Santorum reflected on his last year in the Senate as one spent talking a lot about Iran and was characterized by '']'' as an "extreme hawk" in his approach to Iran.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rick Santorum |url=http://www.philly.com/philly/columnists/rick_santorum/20071206_The_Elephant_in_the_Room___Put_aside_politics_to_confront_Iran.html |title=The Elephant in the Room &#124; Put aside politics to confront Iran |publisher=Philly.com |date=December 6, 2007 |access-date=January 20, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ball|first=Molly|title=Who Is Rick Santorum?|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/01/who-is-rick-santorum/250740/|access-date=January 20, 2012|newspaper=] Wire|date=January 2, 2012}}</ref> Santorum stated that Iran was the creator of ] and the driving force of ]. He said Iran was at the center of "much of the world's conflict" but he was opposed to direct military action against the country in 2006.<ref name=Helf/> Santorum was one of only two senators who voted against confirming ] as ]. He said his objection was to Gates's support for talking with Iran and ], because it would be an error to talk with radical ].<ref name="dangerous"/>
'']'' reported that on July 20, 2006, Santorum stated that "Islamic fascism rooted in Iran is behind much of the world's conflict, but he is opposed to military action against the country", in a speech where he "also defended the treatment of prisoners in ]."<ref name=Helf>"Santorum says Iran at center of world's conflict" By Kimberly Hefling, The Associated Press. http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06202/707588-177.stm</ref> The Senator indicated that "effective action against Iran" would require America's fighting "for a strong Lebanon, a strong Israel, and a strong Iraq."<ref name=Helf/>


===Party leadership and other actions===
On September 7, 2006, Santorum outlined his views on foreign policy in an ] piece for the ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'' and discussed Islamic ], closing with a rally cry:
Santorum became chairman of the ] in 2000, the party's third-ranking leadership position in the Senate.<ref name=sokolove /> In that role, he directed Senate Republicans' communications operations and was a frequent party spokesperson. He was the youngest member of the Senate leadership and the first Pennsylvanian to hold such a prominent position since Senator ] was Republican leader in the 1970s.<ref name="joyner2007"/><ref name="toeplitz1"/> In addition, Santorum served on the Senate Agriculture Committee; the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs; the Senate Special Committee on Aging; and the ], of which he was the chairman of the Subcommittee on ] and Family Policy. He also sat at the ] for ten years.<ref name="joyner2007"/><ref name="toeplitz1"/>


In January 2005, Santorum announced his intention to run for ], the second-highest post in the Republican caucus after the ], saying he expected the incumbent whip, ] of ], to run for Senate Republican leader to succeed ] of ], who was planning to retire.<ref name="focusing"/> As a result of Santorum's loss in the 2006 election, this plan was never realized.
{{quote|I believe we are at war with Islamic fascists and I singled out Iran and Syria as examples of Islamic fascist regimes. Many Muslims say the same thing, and the editors should, too, for it is undeniable.


====K Street Project====
I have said time and time again across Pennsylvania these past weeks that the fight against Islamic fascism is the great test of our generation. Leaders are obliged to articulate this threat and to propose what is necessary to defeat it. That is my purpose, and our national calling. The American people have always rallied to the cause of freedom once they understood what was at stake. I have no doubt that they will again.|<ref>"In Rebuttal: Islamic fascists vs. Islam itself" by Rick Santorum, September 07, 2006. http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06250/719619-109.stm, in response to In response to the Sept. 1 Post-Gazette editorial "Loose Talk: The Bush Rhetoric on Iraq Is Sounding Desperate"</ref>}}
Beginning in 1995, Republicans leaders such as ] and ] initiated an order to place Republicans in lobbying firm jobs and exclude Democrats. In addition, the initiative pressured lobbying firms to contribute to Republican campaigns by withholding access to lawmakers from firms that did not comply.<ref name=NPR-Kstreet>{{cite web|last=Williams|first=Juan|title=The K Street Project and Jack Abramoff|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5148982|publisher=]|access-date=December 14, 2013|date=January 11, 2006}}</ref> The initiative became politically toxic for Republicans when the ] scandal broke in late 2004. Although some sources indicate that Santorum played a key role<ref name="rivals"/><ref name="plays down"/> in the ], he has denied any involvement.<ref name="after"/><ref name="lobbyists"/> In November 2005, several months after the indictments of Abramoff and DeLay, Santorum told the ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', "The K Street project is purely to make sure we have qualified applicants for positions that are in town. From my perspective, it's a good government thing."<ref name="Post-Gazette 2005-11-15 K-Street">{{cite news|last=Reston|first=Maeve|title=Casey chides Santorum on lobbying ethics|url=http://old.post-gazette.com/pg/05319/606571.stm#ixzz2nTljVLzC|access-date=December 14, 2013|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=Nov 15, 2005|archive-date=January 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130193720/http://old.post-gazette.com/pg/05319/606571.stm#ixzz2nTljVLzC|url-status=dead}}</ref> A few months later, however, Santorum emphatically denied any connection with either the K Street Project or Norquist, saying: "I had absolutely nothing to do—never met, never talked, never coordinated, never did anything—with Grover Norquist and the quote K Street Project."<ref name="Morning Call 2006-01-26- K Street">{{cite news|last=Miller|first=Jeff|title=Santorum denies working with K Street project|url=https://www.mcall.com/2006/01/26/santorum-denies-working-with-k-street-project-originator-of-program-to-get-republican-lobbyist-hired-also-says-reports-are-wrong/|access-date=December 14, 2013|newspaper=The Morning Call|date=Jan 26, 2006}}</ref> In January 2012, '']''' "Fact Checker" concluded that "we can't prove definitively whether or not Santorum collaborated on the K Street Project", saying that it "depend on how you define the initiative".<ref name="k street"/>


===2006 reelection campaign===
==Legislation and issues==
]
Santorum has attracted both support and criticism because of his ] and outspoken views, primarily because of his stances on ], ], and ]. His views on social and cultural issues are presented in his 2005 book, '']'', published by the ] of ], ].
{{Main|2006 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania}}
In 2006, Santorum sought reelection to a third Senate term.<ref name="rasvuln"/> He ran unopposed in the Republican Party. His seat was considered among the most vulnerable for Republicans and was a prime target of the Democratic Party in the ]. George W. Bush had a 38% approval rating in Pennsylvania in 2006.<ref name="old loss"/> ], a Democratic strategist, reflected on Santorum's campaign and his connection to the unpopular president, "In 2006, we were doubly blessed—we could run against George W. Bush and Rick Santorum".<ref>{{cite news |last=Cooke |first=Kristina |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-campaign-santorum-special-idUSTRE8241LJ20120305 |title=Special report: Santorum's wins and self-inflicted wounds |work=]|date=March 5, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2013 |archive-date=June 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623044538/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/05/us-usa-campaign-santorum-special-idUSTRE8241LJ20120305 |url-status=live }}</ref> Santorum chose to campaign alongside President Bush and called him a "terrific president", hurting his popularity. Also problematic was Santorum's 2004 endorsement of his Republican Senate colleague ] over conservative congressman ] in the primary for Pennsylvania's other Senate seat. Many socially and fiscally conservative Republicans considered the endorsement a betrayal of their cause.<ref name="outside"/><ref name="shame"/>


Santorum's opponent was Democratic state treasurer ], the son of popular former governor ] Casey was well known for his opposition to abortion, negating one of Santorum's key issues.<ref name="casey widens"/> For most of the campaign, Santorum trailed Casey by 15 points or more in polls.<ref name=forbes.com/> ] candidate Carl Romanelli failed to gain ballot access in the race, further hurting Santorum's chances. Reportedly, several of Santorum's supporters had funded and petitioned for Romanelli to siphon away Democrats from Casey.<ref name="green party"/>
In September 2006, the ] (CREW) included Santorum in their second annual report on members of Congress with ethics issues, titled "Beyond DeLay: The 20 Most Corrupt Members of Congress (and five to watch)".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citizensforethics.org/press/newsrelease.php?view=156|title=CREW Releases Second Annual Most Corrupt Members of Congress Report|publisher=]|date=September 20, 2006|accessdate=2006-09-23}}</ref> He was also in the first report. According to the report, "Santorum’s ethics issues stem from the manner in which he funded his children’s education and his misuse of his legislative position in exchange for contributions to his political action committee and his re-election campaign."<ref name="20mostcorrupt"/>


Santorum was mired in controversy and spent much of his time on the campaign defending his past statements and positions. He faced criticism from Casey and others for several statements in his book ''It Takes a Family'', including his denunciation of 1960s "]", which he said had made it "socially affirming to work outside the home" at the expense of ].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/13/us/politics/santorum-faces-questions-on-women-in-work-force.html|title=Santorum Faces Questions on Women in the Work Force|author=Brian Knowlton|date=February 12, 2012|work=]|access-date=January 20, 2013}}</ref> In the book, Santorum also compared pro-choice Americans to "German Nazis." John Brabender, an adviser to Santorum's Senate and presidential races, reflected back on the book's controversies and said Santorum was warned that sections could bring political damage, and Santorum was not willing to change much of it simply to gain moderate supporters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/03/rick-santorum-was-warned-that-2005-book-could-become-fodder-for-political-attacks/ |title=Rick Santorum Was Warned That 2005 Book Could Become Fodder For Political Attacks |work=] |date=March 17, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2013}}</ref> In addition, a past article Santorum wrote to ''The Catholic Online'' in which he linked ] and ] in American society, particularly within ], to the ] resurfaced in 2005. He wrote, "It is no surprise that Boston, a seat of academic, political and cultural liberalism in America, lies at the center of the storm."<ref name="fishers"/><ref name="a look"/> His remarks were heavily criticized, especially in Massachusetts, and he was asked for an explanation. Santorum did not retract his statement and defended his premise that it was "no surprise that the center of the Catholic Church abuse took place in very liberal, or perhaps the nation's most liberal area, Boston."<ref name="rush limbaugh 2005"/> Casey also raised the question of Santorum's association with the K Street Project.<ref name="Post-Gazette 2005-11-15 K-Street" /><ref name="Morning Call 2006-01-26- K Street" /><ref name="Morning Call 2006-01-20">{{cite news|last=Miller|first=Jeff|title=Casey rips Santorum on "K Street'|url=https://www.mcall.com/2006/01/20/casey-rips-santorum-on-k-street-senate-rival-should-be-blocked-from-lobbying-reform-he-says/|access-date=December 14, 2013|newspaper=The Morning Call|date=Jan 20, 2006}}</ref><ref name="Post-Gazette 2006-04-02 K Street">{{cite news|last=Reston|first=Maeve|title=Casey still pounding Santorum on lobbies|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/politics-federal/2006/04/02/Casey-still-pounding-Santorum-on-lobbies/stories/200604020166|access-date=December 14, 2013|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=April 2, 2006}}</ref>
After the report was issued, ] was asked if she could prove that Santorum received money from organizations because of his work with them. She said, "I don't have proof that there's a direct exchange, but the timing of the contributions are enough to warrant an investigation."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wjactv.com/news/9894565/detail.html|title=Santorum, Murtha Make Watchdog Group's 'Corrupt List'|publisher=]|date=September 20, 2006|accessdate=2006-09-23}}</ref>


Santorum said he spent "maybe a month a year" at his Pennsylvania home,<ref name="transcript"/> raising allegations of hypocrisy as he had denounced his former opponent ] for living away from his House district.<ref name="responds"/> Critics also complained that Pennsylvania taxpayers were paying 80% of the tuition for five of Santorum's children to attend an online "cyber school"—a benefit available only to Pennsylvania residents—when all his children lived in Virginia.<ref name="dems press"/> The Penn Hills School District, which covered the tuition costs for the cyber school through local taxes, unsuccessfully filed a complaint against Santorum for reimbursement in 2005,<ref name="school flap"/> but won reimbursement from the state in September 2006 in the amount of $55,000.<ref name="home school"/><ref name="state pays"/> In response, Santorum asked county officials to remove the homestead tax exemption from his Penn Hills property, saying he was entitled to it but chose not to take it because of the political dispute.<ref name="asks county"/> Since 2006, Santorum has been home-schooling his seven children.<ref>{{cite news|title=Senator is a force, a target Santorum emerging as the face of Senate Republicans High-profile battles are the norm for Santorum|author1=Goldstein, Steve|author2=Budoff, Carrie|work=The Philadelphia Inquirer |date=December 9, 2004|page=A.1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Santorum Opens the Floor: Q&A Session In Newport Caps Weekend|author=Brubeck, Sarah|work=Valley News |location=White River Junction, Vt|date=November 28, 2011|page=A.1}}</ref> Santorum responded to the dispute saying that his children should not be implicated in the "politics of personal destruction".<ref name="loses bid"/> One of his children appeared in a 2006 reelection campaign ad, saying, "My dad's opponents have criticized him for moving us to Washington so we could be with him more."<ref name="kidding"/>
Santorum has been active in addressing the issues of welfare reform and government accountability. He is a self-described conservative who favors legislation that would restrict or prohibit ]. Santorum has said he is personally against abortion and has expressed disapproval of ], issues that he believes should be decided by elected officials rather than the ]: "what I’d like to do is have these kinds of incredibly important moral issues be decided by the American public, not by nine unelected, unaccountable judges."<ref>{{cite web|title=George Stephanopoulos Interviews Sen. Rick Santorum|url=http://thinkprogress.org/santorum-this-week/|publisher=]|date=July 31, 2005}}</ref>


Santorum ran a television ad suggesting that Casey's supporters had been under investigation for various crimes. The negative ad backfired, as '']'' found that all but a few of Casey's contributors donated when he was running for other offices, and none were investigated for anything.<ref name="hurls"/> In fact, two of the persons cited in Santorum's campaign ad actually contributed to Santorum in 2006, and one died in 2004.<ref name="impugns"/> Santorum's campaign countered that those donations were not kept and had been donated to educational institutions.<ref name="ad shows"/>
===Illegal immigration===
In 2006, Santorum opposed the Senate immigration reform proposal.<ref>{{cite news|last=Banville|first=Lee|title=Still Trailing in Polls, Santorum Hammers on Illegal Immigration|url=http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/politics/july-dec06/santorum_08-01.html|work=Online NewsHour|publisher=]|date=2006-08-01|accessdate=2008-03-13}}</ref> Instead, Santorum stated that the US should act to enforce currently existing laws. He has openly stated his strong opposition to amnesty for illegal immigrants. He supports the construction of a barrier along the U.S.-Mexican border, an increase in the number of border patrol agents on the border, and the stationing of National Guard troops along the border. He also believes that illegal immigrants should be deported immediately when they commit crimes, and that illegal immigrants should not receive benefits from the government. Finally, the former senator believes that English should be established as the national language in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ricksantorum.com/Issues/Read.aspx?ID=6|title=On the Issues|publisher=RickSantorum.com|accessdate=2006-08-23 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060711215552/http://www.ricksantorum.com/Issues/Read.aspx?ID=6 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2006-07-11}}</ref>


Toward the end of his campaign, Santorum shifted his theme to the threat of ].<ref name="post gazette1"/><ref name="return"/> In October 2006 he gave a "Gathering Storm" speech, invoking British Prime Minister ]'s description of Europe prior to World War II.<ref name="post gazette1"/><ref name="return"/> As evidence that ] were waging a more-than-300-year-old crusade against the Western world, Santorum pointed to September 11, 1683, the date of the ].<ref name="call"/> Casey responded, "No one believes terrorists are going to be more likely to attack us because I defeat Rick Santorum."<ref name="11 things"/> Noting that he had been "even more hawkish" during this time period than President Bush, Santorum later said, "Maybe that wasn't the smartest political strategy, spending the last few months running purely on national security".<ref name="return"/>
===Intelligent design===
{{Main|Santorum Amendment}}
In 2001, Santorum tried unsuccessfully to insert language which came to be known as the "]" into the ] bill that sought to promote the teaching of ] while questioning the academic standing of ] in ].<ref name="wapostslevin">{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A32444-2005Mar13.html|title=Battle on Teaching Evolution Sharpens|author=Peter Slevin|publisher=Washington Post|date=March 14, 2005}}</ref> The amendment, crafted with the assistance of the ],<ref name="wapostslevin" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://alumniweb.oru.edu/oru%20alumni/right106.html|title=We'd Like Some Answers Origin of man, universe continues to cause debate|work=Alumni News Stories|publisher=] Alumni Foundation|accessdate=2006-08-23 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060502050713/http://alumniweb.oru.edu/oru+alumni/right106.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2006-05-02}}</ref> would have required schools to discuss possible controversies surrounding scientific topics, and gave the theory of evolution as an example, opening the door for intelligent design as an opposing theory to be presented in science classrooms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.issues.org/issues/18.3/hill.html#Language|title=Language on evolution attached to education law|work=Issues in Science and Technology|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|date=Spring 2002|accessdate=2006-08-23}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> A federal court in Santorum's own state, along with the majority of scientific organizations, including the ], say the Institute has manufactured the controversy they want to teach by promoting a false perception that evolution is "a theory in crisis", portraying it as being the subject of wide controversy and debate within the scientific community.<ref name="kitzmiller_pg89">"ID's backers have sought to avoid the scientific scrutiny which we have now determined that it cannot withstand by advocating that the ''controversy'', but not ID itself, should be taught in science class. This tactic is at best disingenuous, and at worst a canard." ]</ref><ref name="nejm">"That this controversy is one largely manufactured by the proponents of creationism and intelligent design may not matter, and as long as the controversy is taught in classes on current affairs, politics, or religion, and not in science classes, neither scientists nor citizens should be concerned." George J. Annas, ], Volume 354:2277-2281 May 25, 2006</ref><ref name=AAAS>"Some bills seek to discredit evolution by emphasizing so-called "flaws" in the theory of evolution or "disagreements" within the scientific community. Others insist that teachers have absolute freedom within their classrooms and cannot be disciplined for teaching non-scientific "alternatives" to evolution. A number of bills require that students be taught to "critically analyze" evolution or to understand "the controversy." But there is no significant controversy within the scientific community about the validity of the theory of evolution. The current controversy surrounding the teaching of evolution is not a scientific one." ]. February 16, 2006</ref>


A heated debate between the candidates occurred on October 11, 2006.<ref name=PPG1006/> Bill Toland of the '']'' described both candidates' performances during the debate as "unstatesmanlike".<ref name=PPG1006/>
Though not included in the final version of the Act made law, the language from the amendment was included in a report attached to the Act known as the Conference Report. The Discovery Institute and many intelligent design proponents, including two Ohio Congressmen, have repeatedly invoked this to suggest that intelligent design should be included in public school science standards as an alternative to evolution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/index.php?command=view&program=CSC&id=1484|title=Intelligent Design, Freedom, & Education|author=], |date=May 9, 2003|publisher=Breakpoint.org and ] News|accessdate=2006-08-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discovery.org/articleFiles/PDFs/santorumLanguageShouldGuide.pdf|title=Why the Santorum Language Should Guide State Science Education Standards|author=]|coauthors=David DeWolf|publisher=]|format=PDF|accessdate=2006-08-23}}</ref>


In the November 7, 2006, election, Santorum lost by over 700,000 votes, receiving 41% of the vote to Casey's 59%. This was the largest margin of defeat for a sitting senator in the 2006 cycle, and the largest margin of defeat for an incumbent senator since 1980.<ref name="candidate profile"/><ref name="playing tricks"/>
In a 2002 '']'' op-ed article Santorum wrote that intelligent design "is a legitimate scientific theory that should be taught in science classes."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.arn.org/docs/ohio/washtimes_santorum031402.htm|title=Illiberal Education in Ohio Schools|author=Rick Santorum|publisher=]|date=March 14, 2002}}</ref> By 2005 Santorum had adopted the ]'s ] approach,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://santorum.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressOffice.View&ContentRecord_id=1111&CFID=13969409&CFTOKEN=89968827|title=Teach the Controversy|author=Rick Santorum|publisher=Allentown Morning Call|date=January 14, 2005}}</ref> stating in an interview with ] "I'm not comfortable with intelligent design being taught in the science classroom. What we should be teaching are the problems and holes, and I think there are legitimate problems and holes in the theory of evolution",<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4784905|title=Rick Santorum, 'It Takes a Family'|work=Interview with Rick Santorum|publisher=] ]|date=August 4, 2005}}</ref> a statement which mirrors the Teach the Controversy strategy, the most recent iteration of the ].<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/354/21/2277|title=Intelligent Judging — Evolution in the Classroom and the Courtroom|author=George J. Annas|journal=]|volume=354|pages=2277–2281|date=May 25, 2006|doi=10.1056/NEJMlim055660|pmid=16723620|issue=21}}</ref> The day after the '']'' decision that intelligent design is not science and is essentially religious in nature<ref>]</ref> came down, Santorum announced that he was resigning from the advisory board of the ] which had defended the Dover school board.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Most recently Santorum wrote the foreword for the March 2006 book, ''Darwin's Nemesis: Phillip Johnson And the Intelligent Design Movement'' a collection of essays largely by Discovery Institute fellows honoring the "father" of the intelligent design movement, ].


==Post-Senate career==
===Workplace Religious Freedom Act===
===Lawyer, political consultant and commentator===
Santorum and U.S. Senator ], (]-]), were the lead sponsors of the ] (WRFA), which would require employers to accommodate the religious observances of their employees as long as such accommodations would not impose an "undue hardship" on the employer. Thus, employers would be required to afford employees flexible work shifts so that they could observe religious holidays and to permit employees to wear religiously required clothing at work. Versions of the WRFA have been introduced in 1997, 2000, and 2003, but have failed to be enacted.
In January 2007, Santorum joined the ], a D.C.-based conservative ], as director of its America's Enemies Program focusing on foreign threats to the United States, including Islamic fascism, Venezuela, North Korea and Russia.<ref name="return"/> In February 2007, he signed a deal to become a contributor on the ], offering commentary on politics and public policy.<ref name="Salena Zito"/> In March 2007 he joined Eckert Seamans,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/breaking/s_498510.html|title=Santorum joins law firm of Eckert Seamans Cherin & Mellott|newspaper=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review|date=March 19, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131213721/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/breaking/s_498510.html|archive-date=January 31, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> where he primarily practiced law in the firm's ] and Washington, D.C., offices, providing business and strategic counseling services to the firm's clients. In 2007, he joined the Board of Directors of ], a hospital management company based in ], Pennsylvania.<ref name="board"/> He also began writing an op-ed column, "The Elephant in the Room", for '']''.<ref name="elephant"/>


Santorum earned $1.3 million in 2010 and the first half of 2011. The largest portion of his earnings—$332,000—came from his work as a consultant for industry interest groups, including ] and American Continental Group. Santorum also earned $395,414 in corporate director's fees and stock options from ] and $217,385 in income from the Ethics and Public Policy Center.<ref name="rivals"/><ref name="BloombergJan2012"/><ref name="experienced"/> In 2010 he was paid $23,000 by ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'' for his work as a columnist.<ref name="rivals"/>
===National Weather Service===
{{Main|National Weather Service Duties Act of 2005}}


In January 2017, Santorum became a ] senior political commentator.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/jan/17/rick-santorum-joins-cnn-as-senior-political-commen/|title=Rick Santorum joins CNN as senior political commentator|work=]|author=Jessica Chasmar|date=January 17, 2017|access-date=February 10, 2017}}</ref> In April 2021, he claimed at an April 23 ] event that "There isn't much Native American culture in American culture. We came here and created a blank slate. We birthed a Nation. From nothing. I mean there was nothing here." Santorum's comments, which were described as racist,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wemple|first1=Erik|date=April 27, 2021|title=Opinion: CNN stays silent on Rick Santorum's comments about Native American culture|newspaper=]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/04/27/cnn-stays-silent-rick-santorums-comments-about-native-american-culture/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Opinion|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/rick-santorum-s-native-american-culture-crack-was-racist-here-ncna1265548|website=]|date=April 27, 2021 }}</ref> led to calls for CNN to terminate his contract, which the network did days later.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/changing-america/respect/equality/550546-cnn-urged-to-cancel-rick-santorum-after-controversial/|title=CNN urged to fire Rick Santorum after controversial comments about Native Americans|first=Christian|last=Spencer|date=April 27, 2021|website=]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Demopoulos|first=Alaina|date=2021-05-22|title=CNN Fired Rick Santorum for Racist, Pro-Colonization Comments|language=en|work=]|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/cnn-fired-rick-santorum-for-racist-pro-colonization-comments|access-date=2021-05-24}}</ref>
On April 14, 2005, Santorum introduced the ] to "clarify the duties and responsibilities of the ] and the ] (NWS), and for other purposes".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c109:S.786:|title=National Weather Services Duties Act of 2005 (Introduced in Senate)|accessdate=2006-08-23}}</ref> This legislation, if enacted, would prohibit the NWS from publishing weather data to the public when private-sector entities, such as ], a company based in Santorum's home state, perform the same function commercially. Accuweather employees have contributed at least $5500 to Santorum since 1999, according to the Federal Election Commission.<ref name="20mostcorrupt">{{cite web |url= http://www.beyonddelay.org/summaries/santorum.php|title= Sen. Rick Santorum (R-PA)|accessdate= 2007-07-17|publisher= Citizens for Ethics |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070716180111/http://www.beyonddelay.org/summaries/santorum.php <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-07-16}}</ref>


===Speculation about political plans===
Opponents of this bill contend{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} that weather data is collected at taxpayer expense, and therefore it should be made freely available to the public, and not provided solely to private corporations that will charge fees for access. They also claim that the vague language in the bill is an attempt to prevent the NWS from issuing free forecasts because such functions are currently provided by the private sector and would be considered competition.
Before the 2006 election, Santorum was frequently mentioned as a possible ]. Such speculation faded when, during the 2006 campaign and in light of unimpressive poll numbers in his Senate race, he declared that, if reelected, he would serve a full term. After he lost, Santorum once again ruled out a presidential run.<ref name="no oval"/>


On February 1, 2008, Santorum said he would vote for ] in the 2008 Republican presidential primary.<ref name="free and strong"/> Santorum criticized John McCain, questioning his ] voting record and conservative values. Santorum later said he endorsed Romney because he saw him as the "best chance to stop John McCain", whom he considered too moderate.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/post/santorum-gets-a-grilling-on-meet-the-press/2012/01/01/gIQARRtLUP_blog.html|title=Santorum gets a grilling on 'Meet the Press'|newspaper=]|date=May 23, 2011|access-date=March 7, 2012|first=Aaron|last=Blake}}</ref> In September 2008, Santorum expressed support for McCain as the nominee, citing McCain's choice of ] as his running mate as a step in the right direction.<ref name="lanc333"/>
The bill was never enacted or voted upon, dying in committee.


Santorum was mentioned as a candidate for ] in ].<ref name="eyes gubernatorial"/> At one point, he was said to have "quietly but efficiently put his fingerprints on a wide array of conservative causes in the state."<ref name=pareport2009/> Santorum declined to seek the gubernatorial nomination and instead endorsed eventual winner ].<ref name="endorses corbett"/>
===Statements regarding homosexuality===
{{Main|Santorum controversy}}
A controversy arose following Santorum's statements about homosexuality in an interview with the ] that was published on April 20, 2003. In response to a question about how to prevent ] by priests, Santorum said the priests were engaged in "a basic homosexual relationship" with "post-pubescent men", and went on to say that he had "a problem with homosexual acts"; that the right to privacy, as detailed in ''],'' "doesn't exist in my opinion in the ]"; that, "whether it's ], whether it's adultery, whether it's ], all of those things are antithetical to a healthy, stable, traditional family"; and that ]s properly exist to prevent acts that "undermine the basic tenets of our society and the family". When the Associated Press reporter asked whether homosexuals should not then engage in homosexual acts, Santorum replied, "Every society in the history of man has upheld the institution of marriage as a bond between a man and a woman. Why? Because society is based on one thing: that society is based on the future of the society. And that's what? Children. ] relationships. In every society, the definition of marriage has not ever to my knowledge included homosexuality. That's not to pick on homosexuality. It's not, you know, man on child, man on dog, or whatever the case may be. It is one thing. And when you destroy that you have a dramatic impact on the quality".<ref name="usa today">{{cite news|title=Excerpt from Santorum interview|url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2003-04-23-santorum-excerpt_x.htm|work=]|agency=Associated Press|date=2003-04-23|accessdate=2008-03-13}}</ref>


===2012 presidential campaign===
Democratic politicians, including ], ] advocates, and liberal commentators condemned the statements. Republican politicians, ], and other conservative commentators supported Santorum and called the condemnations unfair.
]
{{see also|Rick Santorum 2012 presidential campaign}}
In the fall of 2009, Santorum gave a speech at the ] on the economy, fueling speculation that he would run for president in 2012. Santorum later recalled, "It got a lot of buzz on the Internet, so I thought, 'Wow, maybe there's some interest'". He decided to campaign after multiple conversations with his wife, who was not enthusiastic at first.<ref name="fights"/>


On September 11, 2009, Santorum spoke to Catholic leaders in Orlando, Florida, saying that the 2012 presidential elections were going to be "a real opportunity for success." He then scheduled various appearances in Iowa with political nonprofit organizations.<ref name="reportedly"/>
Santorum did not retract his remarks, stating that they were intended not to equate homosexuality with ] and ], but rather as a critique of the specific legal position that the right to privacy prevents the government from regulating consensual acts among adults (such as ], incest, etc.).


On January 15, 2010, Santorum sent an email and letter to supporters of his ], saying, "I'm convinced that conservatives need a candidate who will not only stand up for our views, but who can articulate a conservative vision for our country's future". He continued, "And right now, I just don't see anyone stepping up to the plate. I have no great burning desire to be president, but I have a burning desire to have a different president of the United States".<ref name="considering bid"/> He formed a presidential exploratory committee on April 13, 2011. Santorum also mentioned his grandfather's historical encounter with ] as an inspiration for his presidential campaign.<ref name="daily brief"/>
===Comments about the Boston Catholic Church sexual abuse scandal===
In 2005, a controversy developed over comments about ], that Santorum made in a 2002 article about the ]. Santorum wrote:
{{quote|It is startling that those in the media and academia appear most disturbed by this aberrant behavior, since they have zealously promoted ] by sanctioning "private" moral matters such as alternative lifestyles. Priests, like all of us, are affected by culture. When the culture is sick, every element in it becomes infected. While it is no excuse for this scandal, it is no surprise that Boston, a seat of academic, political and cultural ] in America, lies at the center of the storm.|<ref>{{cite web|title=Fishers of Men|url=http://www.catholic.org/featured/headline.php?ID=30|author=Rick Santorum|publisher=Catholic Online|date=July 12, 2002|accessdate=2006-08-23}}</ref>}}


He formally announced his run for the Republican presidential nomination on ABC's '']'' on June 6, 2011, saying he was "in it to win." He initially lagged in the polls but gained as other conservative candidates slumped. By the weekend before the ], polls showed him in the top three along with Romney and ].<ref name="CNN12282011"/><ref name="DMRpoll"/> The '']'' also noted that the momentum was with Santorum. In the closest finish in the history of the Iowa caucuses, the count on the night put Romney as winner by a margin of eight votes, but the final result announced two weeks later showed that Santorum had won by 34 votes.<ref name="romney beats"/> Santorum later focused on the states holding votes on February 7, a strategy that paid off, as he won all three.<ref>Rosalind S. Helderman and Nia-Malika Henderson (February 8, 2012), '']''</ref><ref name="WashTime">{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/feb/8/santorum-i-won-and-raised-about-250k-tuesday-night/?amp|title=Santorum: I won and raised about $250K Tuesday night|work=The Washington Times|date=February 8, 2012|access-date=February 9, 2012|author=Laurie Kellman – Associated Press}}</ref> Santorum surged in polls taken shortly after, ranking first in some and a close second in others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2012/president/us/republican_presidential_nomination-1452.html|title=2012 Republican Presidential Nomination|publisher=Realclearpolitics.com|date=March 6, 2008|access-date=March 7, 2012}}</ref> In the March 13 primaries, Santorum narrowly won both Mississippi and Alabama<ref name=almsprimaries>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/delegates-split-3-ways-alabama-mississippi-023606354.html;_ylt=AvJ8rnd38zY03.Oz865Bx1w6_Od_;_ylu=X3oDMTQ0ZmxsOGUyBG1pdANFbGVjdGlvbnMgMjAxMiBUb3AgU3RvcmllcwRwa2cDZDE4OGMwYjYtYzA4ZC0zMzg2LThmYjQtOWVhNDM3YmE1MzZlBHBvcwMyBHNlYwN0b3Bfc3RvcnkEdmVyA2Q3Y2I0ZWUwLTZkOGMtMTFlMS05ZmZlLTMwYWI3ZDdjMzExMw--;_ylg=X3oDMTFrM25vcXFyBGludGwDdXMEbGFuZwNlbi11cwRwc3RhaWQDBHBzdGNhdAMEcHQDc2VjdGlvbnMEdGVzdAM-;_ylv=3|title=Delegates split 3 ways|work=]}}</ref> and followed up with a victory in Louisiana on March 24.<ref name=laprimary>{{cite web|title=Results for Election Date: 3/24/2012|url=http://staticresults.sos.la.gov/03242012/03242012_Statewide.html|publisher=Louisiana Secretary of State|access-date=March 25, 2012}}</ref>
These comments came to wider attention through an opinion column in the '']'' on June 24, 2005. Columnist ] cited Santorum's article, stating, "I'd remind you this is the same Senate leader who recently likened Democrats fighting to save the ] to ]s."<ref>{{cite news|title=A look into Santorum's brain|author=]|publisher=]|date=June 24, 2005}}</ref>


Following the hospitalization of his daughter Bella and losses in ], ], and the ], Santorum announced the suspension of his campaign on April 10, 2012, in ].<ref name=dropout1>{{cite news|last=Blake|first=Aaron|title=Rick Santorum to drop out of the presidential race|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/post/rick-santorum-drops-out-of-the-presidential-race/2012/04/10/gIQACvaV8S_blog.html?wpisrc=al_comboNP_p|access-date=April 10, 2012|newspaper=]|date=April 10, 2012|author2=Henderson, Nia-Malika}}</ref><ref name=dropout2>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/santorum-suspends-campaign/|date=April 10, 2012|title=Santorum suspends campaign|publisher=]}}</ref> He had won 11 state primaries and nearly 4 million votes, more than any other candidate except Romney.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/santorum-im-open-2016-run_664017.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128204158/http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/santorum-im-open-2016-run_664017.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 28, 2012 |title=Santorum: 'I'm Open' to 2016 Run |magazine=The Weekly Standard |date=November 26, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2013}}</ref> Santorum topped Romney in polls for a brief period. Upon the conclusion of Santorum's run, Romney called him "an important voice" in the GOP.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/8300-503544_162-503544.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100309002302/http://www.cbsnews.com/8300-503544_162-503544.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 9, 2010|title=Romney calls Santorum "important voice" in GOP|publisher=]|date=April 10, 2012}}</ref>
Santorum's remarks were criticized, especially in ]. On July 12, 2005, '']'' columnist Brian McGrory called on Santorum to explain his statement, and reported that ], Santorum's Director of Communications, told him "It's an open secret that you have ] and ] that tend to tilt to the ] in terms of academic biases. I think that's what the senator was speaking to." Julie Teer, a spokeswoman for Governor of Massachusetts, Republican ], said "What happened with the church sex abuse scandal was a tragedy, but it had nothing to do with geography or the culture of Boston."


Santorum received a prime time speaking slot at the ]. He was originally slated to speak early in the evening, but convention organizers moved him to 9&nbsp;pm with the other highly anticipated speakers of the evening, ] and convention keynote ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/gop-convention-rick-santorum-attacks-obama-over-welfare-reform |title=GOP Convention: Rick Santorum attacks Obama over welfare reform |work=Alaska Dispatch |author=Linda Feldman |date=August 29, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602135633/http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/gop-convention-rick-santorum-attacks-obama-over-welfare-reform |archive-date=June 2, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Santorum spoke of the ] his immigrant grandfather worked to give his family and said Obama was turning the dream into a nightmare.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/santorum-talks-up-american-dream-accuses-obama-of-turning-it-into-nightmare/ |title=Santorum talks up American dream, accuses Obama of turning it into 'nightmare{{'-}} |publisher=]|date=August 28, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2013}}</ref> He talked about his experiences on the presidential campaign trail, speaking with emotion about his daughter Bella and meeting disabled people and their families.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/CONVENTION-WATCH-Santorum-Mitt-in-the-house-3822311.php#page-2 |title=Convention Watch: Convention kiss, praising mom |work=San Francisco Chronicle }}{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> He emphasized the importance of strengthening marriage and the family.<ref name="USAT08282012">{{cite news|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/onpolitics/post/2012/08/santorum-lauds-romney-blasts-obama/1#.UD76hGt5lP4 |title=Santorum lauds Romney, blasts Obama |author=David Jackson |work=] |date=August 28, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2013}}</ref> He also condemned Obama's actions on the welfare reform law,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://washingtonpost.com/national/santorum-says-under-obama-dream-of-freedom-has-become-nightmare-of-dependency/2012/08/28/a3977eec-f17a-11e1-b74c-84ed55e0300b_story.html |title=Santorum says under Obama, dream of freedom has become 'nightmare of dependency{{'-}} |url-status=dead |access-date=May 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207170852/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/santorum-says-under-obama-dream-of-freedom-has-become-nightmare-of-dependency/2012/08/28/a3977eec-f17a-11e1-b74c-84ed55e0300b_story.html |archive-date=December 7, 2018 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> of which he was one of the chief proponents in Congress, and his actions on education, including school choice and student loans.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.politico.com/blogs/burns-haberman/2012/08/santorum-hits-obama-for-nightmare-of-dependency-133589.html |title=Santorum hits Obama for 'nightmare of dependency{{'-}} |work=]|date=August 28, 2012 |author=Maggie Haberman |access-date=January 20, 2013}}</ref> Santorum concluded his speech to a standing ovation, saying,
Later that day, Senator ] (D-Massachusetts) delivered a personal rebuke to Santorum on the Senate floor, saying "The people of Boston are to blame for the clergy sexual abuse? That is an irresponsible, insensitive and inexcusable thing to say."<ref>{{cite news|title=Kennedy rips Santorum comments: Says senator owes victims apology|url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2005/07/14/kennedy_rips_santorum_comments/|author=Susan Milligan|publisher=Boston Globe|date=July 14, 2005}}</ref> Santorum has stood by his 2002 article and has not apologized.
{{blockquote|I thank God that America still has one party that reaches out their hands in love to lift up all of God's children—born and unborn—and says that each of us has dignity and all of us have the right to live the American Dream. And without you, America is not keeping faith with that dream. We are stewards of a great inheritance. In November we have a chance to vote for life and liberty, not dependency. A vote for Mitt Romney and Paul Ryan will put our country back in the hands of leaders who understand what America can and, for the sake of our children, must be to keep the dream alive.<ref name="USAT08282012"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0812/80348_Page2.html |title=Rick Santorum RNC speech transcript (text and video) |work=]|date=August 28, 2012 |page=2 |access-date=January 20, 2013}}</ref>}}


===Patriot Voices===
On July 21, 2005, ] interviewed Santorum about Kennedy's speech. Santorum said that he was being targeted by the ], which, he said, coordinated with the media to publicize Kennedy's speech. He argued that his statement about Boston was taken out of context from an article he had written three years earlier. Santorum agreed with Limbaugh's summary that it was "no surprise that the center of the Catholic Church abuse took place in very liberal, or perhaps the nation's most liberal area, Boston." Santorum reiterated his broader theme of a cultural connection, saying that it is "no surprise that the culture affects people's behavior. the liberal culture — the idea that sexual inhibitions should be put aside and people should be able to do whatever they want to do, has an impact on people and how they behave." When asked why Boston specifically was mentioned, Santorum pointed out that, in July 2002, the outrage of American Catholics, as well as his own, was focused on the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rushlimbaugh.com/home/eibessential/eib_interviews/senator_rick_santorum_.guest.html|title=Senator Rick Santorum (Interview)|publisher=RushLimbaugh.com|date=July 21, 2005|accessdate=2006-08-23}}</ref>
In June 2012, Santorum launched Patriot Voices, a ] nonprofit with a mission to "mobilize conservatives around this country who are committed to promoting faith, family, freedom and opportunity" in support of causes and candidates across the country.<ref>{{cite news|author=Rachel Weiner |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/post/rick-santorums-next-move-patriot-voices/2012/06/08/gJQA8K2sNV_blog.html |title=Rick Santorum's next move: 'Patriot Voices' |newspaper=] |date=June 8, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2013}}</ref> Santorum supported U.S. Senate candidates ] in Texas and ] in Indiana in their respective Republican primaries; both won.<ref>{{cite web|last=Strauss |first=Daniel |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/130351-santorum-plants-seed-for-possible-2016-white-house-candidacy/ |title=Santorum plants seed for possible 2016 White House candidacy |work=] |date=September 30, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2013}}</ref> In the general elections, Patriot Voices endorsed eight U.S. Senate candidates and four House candidates.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.patriotvoices.com/candidate_endorsements |title=Endorsements |publisher=Patriotvoices.com |access-date=January 20, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115091942/http://www.patriotvoices.com/candidate_endorsements |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> In Iowa's 2012 retention elections Santorum lent support to the "NO Wiggins" effort to oust ] Justice David Wiggins, who they say promulgated a personal political agenda in the court.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://m.ottumwacourier.com/ottumwa/pm_113059/contentdetail.htm?contentguid=PBXNRaL3 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131000055/http://m.ottumwacourier.com/ottumwa/pm_113059/contentdetail.htm?contentguid=PBXNRaL3 |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 31, 2013 |title=Judge-retention vote at a fevered pitch |publisher=M.ottumwacourier.com |access-date=January 20, 2013 }}</ref> They have also been vocal in opposition to the ], which they say threatens parental rights and U.S. sovereignty.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.patriotvoices.com/crpd |title=CRPD |publisher=Patriotvoices.com |access-date=January 20, 2013 |archive-date=September 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920120335/http://www.patriotvoices.com/crpd |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In August 2021 Santorum became a Senior Advisor to the Convention of States Project of Citizens for Self-Governance. "As Senior Advisor, Rick is counseling us on strategy, will serve as a public voice for the surging Convention of States movement, and will focus his incredible energy on restoring our nation and returning the proper balance to our republic," said Mark Meckler, head of the Convention of States Project.


===Hurricane Katrina=== ===Business ventures===
In June 2013, Santorum became Chairman and CEO of EchoLight Studios, a Dallas-based Christian movie company.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Weiner|first1=Rachel|title=Rick Santorum now running Christian movie studio|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2013/06/24/rick-santorum-now-running-christian-movie-studio/|access-date=April 27, 2016|newspaper=]|date=June 24, 2013}}</ref> Santorum has produced the Christmas-themed movie '']''<ref>Caitlin McDecvitt, , '']'', 9/25/13</ref> and the religious liberty film ''One Generation Away''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/aug/29/rick-santorum-passes-hollywood-and-debuts-his-feat/|title=Rick Santorum by-passes Hollywood and debuts his feature-length movie in a church|work=The Washington Times|access-date=August 10, 2015}}</ref>
On September 4, 2005, Santorum spoke to a ] television station, ], about the evacuation warnings given for ]:


He is a part owner of Plasma Technologies LLC.<ref name="APPlasma">{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/article/technology-virus-outbreak-pandemics-south-carolina-only-on-ap-5990d2ac718bc26070e72ce55bc712f8 |publisher=] |title=Trump admin funds plasma company based in owner's condo |first1=Richard |last1=Lardner |first2=Jason |last2=Dearen |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201101171014/https://apnews.com/article/technology-virus-outbreak-pandemics-south-carolina-only-on-ap-5990d2ac718bc26070e72ce55bc712f8 |archive-date=November 1, 2020 |access-date=November 1, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{quote|I mean people who don't heed those warnings and then put people at risk as a result of not heeding those warnings There may be a need to look at tougher penalties on those who decide to ride it out and understand that there are consequences to not leaving.|<ref>{{cite web|
url=http://rawstory.com/news/2005/Senator_suggests_penalties_for_survivors_who_stayed_in_flo_0906.html|title=Senator suggests penalties for survivors who stayed in flood zone|date=September 6, 2005|publisher=]|accessdate=2006-08-23 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060329143100/http://rawstory.com/news/2005/Senator_suggests_penalties_for_survivors_who_stayed_in_flo_0906.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2006-03-29}}</ref>}}


===2016 presidential campaign===
The campaign of ], his Democratic opponent for the Senate, criticized Santorum's remarks.<ref name="566844.stm">{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05250/566844.stm|title=Santorum retreats on evacuation penalty remarks|author=Sean D. Hamill|date=September 7, 2005|publisher=]}}</ref>
{{Main|Rick Santorum 2016 presidential campaign}}
] (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland on February 27, 2015]]
Appearing on ]'s '']'' on August 4, 2013, Santorum said, "I'm open to looking into a presidential race in 2016."<ref>{{cite news|last=Easley|first=Jonathan|title=Santorum 'open' to 2016 run|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/315443-santorum-mulls-another-presidential-run|newspaper=]|access-date=5 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809164639/http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/315443-santorum-mulls-another-presidential-run|archive-date=August 9, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> He outlined plans for a potential 2016 run in an interview with '']'',<ref> 9 December 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2015.</ref> and officially announced his candidacy on May 27, 2015.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/28/us/politics/rick-santorum-republican-2016-presidential-race.html|title=Rick Santorum Announces New Presidential Bid, and New Focus on Middle Class|last=Gabriel|first=Trip|date=May 27, 2015|work=]}}</ref> After performing poorly in the Iowa caucuses, Santorum ended his campaign on February 3, 2016,<ref name="CNN20160203">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/02/03/politics/rick-santorum-dropping-presidential-bid/index.html|title=Rick Santorum dropping presidential bid|newspaper=] Politics|last1=King|first1=John|last2=Kopan|first2=Tal|last3=Diamond|first3=Jeremy|date=February 3, 2016|access-date=February 3, 2016}}</ref> and endorsed Florida senator ].<ref>{{cite web|last=Gutierrez |first=Gabe |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/santorum-expected-end-2016-run-n510581 |title=Rick Santorum Ends 2016 Run, Endorses Marco Rubio |work=]|date=February 3, 2016 |access-date=October 5, 2017}}</ref> After Rubio suspended his campaign, Santorum endorsed ].<ref name="thehill.com">{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/281140-santorum-endorses-trump/ |title=Santorum endorses Trump after 'long heart-to-heart' |work=]|date=May 24, 2016 |access-date=October 5, 2017}}</ref>


=== CNN racism accusation ===
On September 6, in a follow-up interview with WTAE, Santorum said,
In May 2021, Santorum stated that America was founded by white Europeans and that prior to their arrival, America was populated by nothing more than a handful of primitive warring Native American tribes. He was dropped from CNN over these remarks, with some responses referring to them as "classic white supremacist rhetoric" and being "dangerous manipulation".<ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web|date=2021-05-22|title=Rick Santorum axed by CNN over racist remarks on Native Americans|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/may/22/cnn-rick-santorum-axed-native-americans|access-date=2022-01-21|website=]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=APIAHF|url=https://www.apiahf.org/|access-date=2022-01-21|website=APIAHF|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Opinion|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/rick-santorum-s-native-american-culture-crack-was-racist-here-ncna1265548|access-date=2022-01-21|website=]|date=April 27, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> In response, Santorum said he had “misspoke” and denied that he was “trying to dismiss Native Americans”.<ref name="theguardian.com"/>


==Political positions==
{{quote|Obviously most of the people here in this case, an overwhelming majority of people, just literally couldn't have gotten out on their own.|<ref name="566844.stm"/>}}
{{Conservatism US|politicians}}
]
Santorum has consistently held ] views and has advocated "]".<ref name="future"/> He has a more mixed record on fiscal issues.<ref name="fiscal record"/> As a member of Congress, he voted for the Bush tax cuts, favored a ] and sought to curb entitlements, playing a key role in enacting welfare cuts.<ref name="fiscal record"/> He has been criticized for supporting costly federal programs in education and transportation and for using earmarks to fund Pennsylvania projects.<ref name="fiscal record"/> He says he regrets many of his votes for such programs and opposes earmarks.<ref name="fiscal record"/> He has also specifically disavowed his 2003 support for the unfunded ] and his vote for the ].<ref name="fiscal record"/><ref name="record on fiscal"/>


In 2003, he was described by the ''Pennsylvania Report'' as having a "confrontational, partisan, 'in your face' style of politics and government."<ref name=pareport2003/> "I just don't take the pledge. I take the bullets", Santorum said. "I stand out in front and I lead to make sure the voices of those who do not have a voice are out in front and being included in the national debate."<ref name="reaffirms"/>
On September 8, during an interview with ] station ], in ], Santorum said


===Abortion===
{{quote|he ] gave no warning, or not sufficient warning in my opinion, as to the effects when it came on land in ] as a ] Predictions were that it wasn't going to go out to the ] and affect the western Gulf coast, it was going to sort of head up to Florida or go right off the coast of ] I'm not going to suggest when it comes to Katrina that there were any major errors. I don't know. This is something that I think needs to be investigated.|<ref>{{cite news|
] by Pres. George W. Bush in 2004]]
url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/09/AR2005090901930.html|title=Some GOP Legislators Hit Jarring Notes in Addressing Katrina|date=September 10, 2005|author=Charles Babington|publisher=Washington Post}}</ref>
]]]
<!-- broken http://www.timesleader.com/mld/timesleader/news/local/12604840.htm -->}}
Santorum considered himself ] on abortion throughout his early life but adopted an ] position by 1990 when he ran for Congress.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/21/rick-santorum-abortion_n_1291634.html?ref=politics|title=Santorum In '95: 'I Was Basically Pro-Choice All My Life, Until I Ran For Congress'|work=]|date=February 21, 2012|access-date=March 7, 2012|first=Sam|last=Stein|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301210118/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/21/rick-santorum-abortion_n_1291634.html?ref=politics|archive-date=March 1, 2012|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/santorum-in-1995-i-was-basically-pro-choice-all-my-life-until-i-ran-for-congress-2012-2|title=Santorum In 1995: 'I Was Basically Pro-Choice All My Life Until I Ran For Congress'|publisher=]|date=February 21, 2012|access-date=March 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625133645/http://www.businessinsider.com/santorum-in-1995-i-was-basically-pro-choice-all-my-life-until-i-ran-for-congress-2012-2|archive-date=June 25, 2013|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/post/report-rick-santorum-supported-abortion-rights-in-past/2012/02/21/gIQAHb2vRR_blog.html|title=Report: Rick Santorum supported abortion rights in past|newspaper=]|date=February 21, 2012|access-date=March 7, 2012|first=Rachel|last=Weiner|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307030956/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/post/report-rick-santorum-supported-abortion-rights-in-past/2012/02/21/gIQAHb2vRR_blog.html|archive-date=March 7, 2012|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> He has become known for his staunch opposition to abortion.<ref name="desmoinesregister.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/elections/presidential/caucus/2016/01/28/santorum-defends-his-anti-abortion-stances/79482824/|title=Santorum defends his anti-abortion stances|first=Kathy A.|last=Bolten|website=Des Moines Register}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/05/27/409835451/5-things-you-should-know-about-rick-santorum |title=5 Things You Should Know About Rick Santorum |website=] |date=May 27, 2015 |access-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203222234/https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/05/27/409835451/5-things-you-should-know-about-rick-santorum |archive-date=2018-12-03 |url-status=live |last1=Taylor |first1=Jessica }}</ref><ref name="theatlantic.com">{{Cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/07/rick-santorum-wants-to-be-more-than-just-a-pro-life-candidate/455397/ |title=Rick Santorum Wants to be More Than Just a Pro-Life Candidate |website=] |date=July 10, 2015 |access-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127193725/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/07/rick-santorum-wants-to-be-more-than-just-a-pro-life-candidate/455397/ |archive-date=2018-11-27 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2015, he said, "'I do not ''believe'' life begins at conception. I ''know'' life begins at conception. This is not a matter of debate. It's not a matter of faith ... Every child at the moment of conception is both living—that embryo is metabolizing—and it is ... genetically completely human"'.<ref name="theatlantic.com"/> During a 2016 presidential debate, Santorum said, "'Twice in my life we were counseled to have an abortion—once with our son Gabriel and one with our little girl, Bella ... Neither time did Karen (Santorum's wife) and I even think about , because we know life begins at conception'".<ref name="desmoinesregister.com"/>


In 1996, Santorum led the unsuccessful attempt to override President ]'s veto of the ],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1996-09-27-9609270220-story.html |title=Senate Fails to Overturn Veto of 'Partial Birth' Abortion Ban |website=] |date=September 27, 1996 |access-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128075304/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1996-09-27-9609270220-story.html |archive-date=2018-11-28 |url-status=live }}</ref> He also sponsored a similar bill in 1999.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/aponline/19991021/aponline151725_000.htm |title=Senate Supports Abortion Rights |newspaper=] |access-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128075226/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/aponline/19991021/aponline151725_000.htm |archive-date=2018-11-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Santorum was a lead sponsor of the ],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/10/22/abortion/index.html |title=CNN.com - Senate passes late-term abortion ban - Dec. 17, 2003 |website=] |access-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128075234/http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/10/22/abortion/index.html |archive-date=2018-11-28 |url-status=live }}</ref> which was signed into law by President ] in November 2003<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/bush-signs-ban-on-partial-birth-abortions |title=Bush Signs Ban on Partial-Birth Abortions |website=] |date=March 25, 2015 |access-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128034846/https://www.foxnews.com/story/bush-signs-ban-on-partial-birth-abortions |archive-date=2018-11-28 |url-status=live }}</ref> and upheld by the ] in the 2007 decision '']''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/19/washington/19scotus.html |title=Justices Back Ban on Method of Abortion |website=] |date=April 19, 2007 |access-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129235523/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/19/washington/19scotus.html |archive-date=2019-01-29 |url-status=live |last1=Greenhouse |first1=Linda }}</ref>
Santorum was the sponsor of legislation proposed to ''prevent'' the National Weather Service from issuing those warnings, thus competing with ] weather services, as discussed ].


===Class/Inequality===
Santorum added a ] tax-credit amendment to a larger bill introduced in the Senate by ], the ] Republican who headed the ]. '']'' called this tax-credit scheme "a multibillion-dollar ]."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1167738,00.html|title=A Magic Way to Make Billions|author=Donald L. Barlett|coathors=James B. Steele|date=February 26, 2006|publisher=]}}</ref> The amendment was inserted in the ] of 2006, which provides aid for Hurricane Katrina victims and sets new policies for ] groups.
Santorum has condemned the term "middle class" as "Marxism talk" used by liberals, maintaining that the United States has no social classes.<ref name=Reilly>{{cite news |last1=Reilly |first1=Mollie |title=Rick Santorum On Middle Class: 'That's Marxism Talk,' 'There's No Class In America' |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/12/rick-santorum-middle-class_n_3745283.html |access-date=2 September 2018 |agency=] |date=12 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902194821/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/12/rick-santorum-middle-class_n_3745283.html |archive-date=2 September 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Krugman-2-9-18">{{cite news |last1=Krugman |first1=Paul |title=For Whom the Economy Grows |newspaper=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/30/opinion/economy-gdp-income-inequality.html |access-date=2 September 2018 |agency=] |date=30 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902005202/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/30/opinion/economy-gdp-income-inequality.html |archive-date=2 September 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> At an August 2013 GOP fundraiser in Rock Rapids, Iowa, he said, "Don't use the term the other side uses... he middle class.... Since when in America do we have classes? Since when in America are people stuck in areas or defined places called a class? That's Marxism talk... When Republicans get up and talk about middle class, we're buying into their rhetoric of dividing America. Stop it. There's no class in America. Call them on it."<ref name=Reilly/>


===Contraception===
===Pennsylvania residency and tuition fee===
Santorum has said he does not believe a "right to privacy" is part of the ]. He has criticized the Supreme Court decision in '']'' (1965), which held that the Constitution guaranteed that right and overturned a law prohibiting the sale of ] to married couples.<ref name="wrecking ball"/> Santorum has asserted that the right to privacy set forth in ''Griswold'' was a "jurisprudential novelty quickly become a constitutional wrecking ball" and eventually led the Court to recognize a constitutional right to abortion in '']'' (1973).<ref name="wrecking ball"/> In critiquing ''Griswold'', Santorum emphasized that he did not support laws banning contraceptives.<ref name="wrecking ball"/> Santorum has, however, described contraception as "a license to do things in sexual realm that counter to how things are supposed to be."<ref name="weak field"/>
In November 2004, a controversy developed over education costs for Santorum's children. Santorum's legal address is a three-bedroom house in ], a ] of Pittsburgh, which he purchased for $87,800 in 1997 and is located next to the home of his wife's parents. But since 2001, he has spent most of the year in ], a town about one hour's drive west of Washington, D.C., and about 90 minutes' drive south of the Pennsylvania border, in a house he purchased for $643,000. The ''Penn Hills Progress'', a local paper, reported that Santorum and his wife paid about $2,000 per year in property taxes on their Pennsylvania home ($487.20 per year to Allegheny County, 2006 through 2008, based on a 2007 value of $106,000,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.county.allegheny.pa.us/RealEstate/Search.asp |title=Allegheny County Assessment |publisher=.county.allegheny.pa.us |date=2002-01-01 |accessdate=2010-06-18}}</ref> plus Penn Hills School District tax). The paper also found that another couple — possibly renters — were registered voters at the same address.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.yourpennhills.com/pennhillsprogress/article/more-questions-raised-about-santorum-residency|title=More questions raised about Santorum residency|author=Vera Miller|date=November 17, 2004|publisher=]}}</ref>


===Death penalty===
At the time the issue arose, Santorum's five older children attended the ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wpccs.com/ |title=The Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School - PA Cyber |publisher=Wpccs.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-18}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> with 80 percent of tuition costs paid by the Penn Hills School District.<ref>{{citenews | first=Daniel | last=Reynolds | coauthors= | title= Santorum school flap continues |date=November 19, 2004 | publisher= | url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_274635.html | work=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review | pages= | accessdate = 2007-04-25 | language = }}</ref> At a meeting in November 2004, the Penn Hills School District announced that it did not believe Santorum met the qualifications for residency status, because he and his family spent most of the year in Virginia. They demanded repayment of tuition costs totaling $67,000.
In March 2005, Santorum expressed misgivings about the death penalty in light of wrongly convicted individuals who were sentenced to death. He went on to say, "I agree with the Pope that in the civilized world... the application of the death penalty should be limited. I would definitely agree with that. I would certainly suggest there probably should be some further limits on what we use it for."<ref>{{cite web|author=politicks Org|url=http://2012.republican-candidates.org/Santorum/Capital-Punishment.php|title=Santorum on Capital Punishment|publisher=2012.republican-candidates.org|date=March 22, 2005|access-date=April 11, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418131253/http://2012.republican-candidates.org/Santorum/Capital-Punishment.php|archive-date=April 18, 2012|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In January 2012, Santorum said that "when there is certainty, that's the case that capital punishment can be used" but that "if there is not certainty, under the law, it shouldn't be used."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://piersmorgan.blogs.cnn.com/2012/01/23/clips-from-friday-rick-santorum-on-the-death-penalty-karen-santorum-opens-up-about-the-death-of-their-infant-son/|title=Clips From Friday: Rick Santorum on the death penalty; Karen Santorum opens up about the death of their infant son|publisher=Piersmorgan.blogs.cnn.com|access-date=April 11, 2012|date=January 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511043831/http://piersmorgan.blogs.cnn.com/2012/01/23/clips-from-friday-rick-santorum-on-the-death-penalty-karen-santorum-opens-up-about-the-death-of-their-infant-son/|archive-date=May 11, 2012|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>


===Drugs===
When news reports showed Sen. Santorum was renting his Penn Hills home, Santorum withdrew his five children from the cyber education program that Penn Hills School District paid for. That saved Penn Hills taxpayers about $38,000 a year.<ref>Editorial: Home school / Santorum, not the state, should pay Penn Hills. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, September 11, 2006. http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06254/720366-192.stm</ref> Although Santorum said he would make other arrangements for his children's education, he insisted that he did not owe the school board any back tuition. Once the controversy surfaced, the children were withdrawn from the cyber school and were then home schooled.<ref>Santorum tuition OK'd, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, September 13, 2006. http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06256/721451-56.stm</ref>
Santorum used cannabis in college, but later said, "Even during that time, I knew that what I was doing was wrong."<ref name="on_drugs"/> He is against the legalization of cannabis and believes that the federal law against it should be enforced in Colorado.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ferner|first1=Matt|title=Here's Where The GOP's 2016 Presidential Contenders Stand On Marijuana Legalization|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/06/heres-what-the-presidenti_n_7184508.html|publisher=]|access-date=May 28, 2015|date=May 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528235408/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/06/heres-what-the-presidenti_n_7184508.html|archive-date=May 28, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> He has voted in favor of increasing penalties for drug trafficking and possession and for increased spending on drug control.<ref name="on_drugs">{{cite web|title=Rick Santorum on Drugs|url=http://www.ontheissues.org/2012/Rick_Santorum_Drugs.htm|publisher=OnTheIssues|access-date=May 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429040416/http://www.ontheissues.org/2012/Rick_Santorum_Drugs.htm|archive-date=April 29, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>


===Energy and environment===
On July 8, 2005, a Pennsylvania state hearing officer had ruled that the Penn Hills School District had not filed objections to Santorum's residency in a timely manner and dismissed the complaint. Santorum hailed the ruling as a victory against what he termed "baseless and politically motivated charges". Santorum told reporters that "o one's children — and especially not small, school-age children — should be used as pawns in the '].'"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05193/536563.stm|title=Penn Hills loses bid to charge Santorum for online school tuition|author=Amy McConnell Schaarsmith|publisher=]|date=July 12, 2005}}</ref> In the 2006 senate campaign, Santorum ran television commercials with Santorum's son saying "My dad's opponents have criticized him for moving us to Washington so we could be with him more." <ref>Santorum has got to be kidding. By Tony Norman, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06258/722043-153.stm</ref>
Santorum rejects the overwhelming ], which states that ] is harmful and primarily human-caused, calling it "]". He has claimed that global warming is a "beautifully concocted scheme" by the ] and "an excuse for more government control of your life."<ref name="rush limbaugh 2011"/>


In reaction to ]'s encyclical '']'', which acknowledges man-made climate change and calls for swift and unified global policies to phase out fossil fuels, Santorum said in 2015: "The Church has gotten it wrong a few times on science, and I think we probably are better off leaving science to the scientists and focusing on what we're good at, which is theology and morality."<ref> in ''The Guardian'', 17 June 2015</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/santorum-pope-francis-leave-science-the-scientists|title=Santorum to Pope Francis: 'Leave science to the scientists'|author=Jane C. Timm|work=]|date=June 3, 2015 |access-date=August 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820042434/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/santorum-pope-francis-leave-science-the-scientists|archive-date=August 20, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
In September 2006, the Pennsylvania Department of Education agreed to pay the district $55,000 to settle the dispute over money withheld from the district to pay for the children of U.S. Senator Rick Santorum to attend a cyber charter school.


He has stated a policy of "drill everywhere" for oil and that there is "enough oil, coal and natural gas to last for centuries".<ref name="no such"/>
The matter rose again in May 2006. Santorum has said that his family stays during holidays and at times on weekends at the Penn Hills house. But the ''Progress'' reported in May that the house appeared unoccupied, and Casey's campaign noted that in a press release. Santorum then accused Casey's campaign of supporting trespassing on his property, saying of Casey "Now that he is a nominee, it is time for him to start acting like a candidate instead of a thug." Casey, in a statement, called the charges "false and malicious." His campaign, in a news release, described Santorum's actions as "weirdness".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.philly.com/mld/inquirer/news/local/states/pennsylvania/14626414.htm|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20061001083735/http://www.philly.com/mld/inquirer/news/local/states/pennsylvania/14626414.htm|archivedate=2006-10-01|title=Santorum calls Casey a 'thug' in residency flap|author=Carrie Budoff|date=May 20, 2006|publisher=]|accessdate=2006-08-23}}</ref>


===Euthanasia===
In September 2006, Santorum formally asked that the county remove the homestead tax exemption from his Penn Hills residence. He said that he had made similar requests to county officials in conversations in 2005 and earlier in 2006, but to no avail. In his letter, Santorum insisted that he was entitled to the exemption, which is worth about $70 annually, but chose not to take advantage of it because of the political dispute.<ref>James O'Toole, , ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', September 27, 2006</ref> While homeowners in the county are eligible for a tax savings averaging $70 a year on their primary residences, the county council president noted that Santorum had "said during a televised debate that he spends about 30 days in his Penn Hills house each year.".<ref>Santorum campaign: No county tax break. Vera Miller, Staff Writer,Your Penn Hills, A Tribune Review service,
In 2012, Santorum said that half of all ] are involuntary, that Dutch hospitals euthanize elderly patients for financial reasons, and that 10% of all deaths in the Netherlands are the result of involuntary euthanizations. Santorum's statements were called "bogus" by ],<ref>{{cite web|author1=Michael Morse |author2=Eugene Kiely |date=February 22, 2012|title=Santorum's Bogus Euthanasia Claims|url=http://www.factcheck.org/2012/02/santorums-bogus-euthanasia-claims/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712223221/http://www.factcheck.org/2012/02/santorums-bogus-euthanasia-claims/|archive-date=July 12, 2014|access-date=June 13, 2014|work=]|publisher=]|quote=But the facts are clear: Santorum grossly misrepresented the practice of euthanasia in the Netherlands when making his case against it.|df=mdy-all}}</ref> and ], fact-checker for ''The Washington Post'', said there was no evidence to support them.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kessler|first=Glenn|author-link=Glenn Kessler (journalist)|date=February 22, 2012|title=Euthanasia in the Netherlands: Rick Santorum's bogus statistics|newspaper=]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/post/euthanasia-in-the-netherlands-rick-santorums-bogus-statistics/2012/02/21/gIQAJaRbSR_blog.html|url-status=live|access-date=March 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108212741/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/post/euthanasia-in-the-netherlands-rick-santorums-bogus-statistics/2012/02/21/gIQAJaRbSR_blog.html|archive-date=January 8, 2019|quote=There appears to be not a shred of evidence to back up Santorum's claims about euthanasia in the Netherlands. It is telling that his campaign did not even bother to defend his comments.|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Santorum's comments were met with a significant backlash in the Netherlands and were significantly criticized worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/rick-santorums-involuntary-euthanasia-claim-outrages-dutch-video-413592 |title=Rick Santorum's 'Involuntary Euthanasia' Claim Outrages Dutch |first=Melanie |last=Jones |date=February 20, 2012 |work=International Business Times |access-date=June 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710093017/http://www.ibtimes.com/rick-santorums-involuntary-euthanasia-claim-outrages-dutch-video-413592 |archive-date=July 10, 2014 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
September 13, 2006. http://www.yourpennhills.com/pennhillsprogress/article/santorum-campaign-no-county-tax-break
</ref>


===Fiscal policy===
Allegheny County Election Office records indicate that, while a registered voter in the county, Santorum had since 1995 voted absentee.<ref name="yourpennhills2004">Santorum bills for children's school $100K<br>District pays, though family lives in Virginia. Vera Miller
As U.S. representative from Pennsylvania, in each year from 1992 through 1994 Santorum received a grade of B, and as U.S. senator from Pennsylvania he received grades of A from 1995 through 1997, B+ in 1998 and 1999, B in 2000, A from 2001 through 2004, B in 2005, and B+ in 2006 from the ], a ] ].<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.ntu.org/state/legislator/rick-santorum-2|title=National Taxpayers Union – Rick Santorum|publisher=]|access-date=September 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002061540/http://www.ntu.org/state/legislator/rick-santorum-2|archive-date=October 2, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.ntu.org/state/legislator/rick-santorum|title=National Taxpayers Union – Rick Santorum|publisher=]|access-date=September 7, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002055153/http://www.ntu.org/state/legislator/rick-santorum|archive-date=October 2, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
Staff Writer, Your Penn Hills, A Tribune Review service, October 20, 2004. http://www.yourpennhills.com/pennhillsprogress/article/santorum-bills-childrens-school-100k-br-district-pays-though-family-lives-</ref>


===Gun laws===
The only way for Santorum to not pay for his children's private education was to enroll them in the Penn Hills School District. Virginia state law only requires local school districts to pay for private school tuition fee when a student has disabilities and enrolls in a school that can satisfy his or her needs, according to Charles Pyle, Virginia Department of Education spokesman. Otherwise, children in Virginia must attend their local public schools.<ref name="yourpennhills2004"/>
Santorum, who received nearly $116,000 from the gun lobby from 1990 to 2017, has consistently supported gun rights.<ref>Fisher, Tyler; Frostenson, Sarah; Mihalik, Lily, , ''Politico'', February 21, 2018, Retrieved March 25, 2018</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ball|first=Molly|title=Rick Santorum on Gun Rights|url=http://gunowners.org/ricksantorum-2012.htm|access-date=March 11, 2012|date=February 17, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510163451/http://gunowners.org/ricksantorum-2012.htm|archive-date=May 10, 2012|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Santorum is an advocate of the ]. He is also a defender of gun manufacturers, and voted for the 2005 ] (Bill S 397), which prevents civil suits from being brought against gun manufacturers for criminal acts perpetrated with their weapons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2012.republican-candidates.org/Santorum/Gun-Control.php|title=Santorum on Gun Control|author=politicks Org|date=August 10, 2015|access-date=August 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802132714/http://2012.republican-candidates.org/Santorum/Gun-Control.php|archive-date=August 2, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> On March 25, 2018, in response to the "]", Santorum told CNN that rather than marching the students should "take CPR classes" instead of "looking to someone else to solve their problems."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/video/news/santorum-knocks-marches-kids-should-learn-cpr/vi-BBKG0xT|date=March 25, 2018|title=Santorum knocks marches: Kids should learn CPR|publisher=]|access-date=March 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325232812/http://www.msn.com/en-us/video/news/santorum-knocks-marches-kids-should-learn-cpr/vi-BBKG0xT|archive-date=March 25, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> '']'' called the comment "asinine on its face," but said that, even so, the response from doctors, journalists and students about the "stupid" comment was excessive.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223200337/https://www.cjr.org/the_media_today/cnn-santorum-gun-cpr.php |date=2018-12-23 }} By Pete Vernon, CJR, March 27, 2018</ref>


===Immigration===
Santorum's supporters have said that the controversy is politically motivated because the school board is controlled by Democrats (Erin Vecchio, the school board member who first publicly raised the issue, is the chair of the local Democratic Party). They also have said that since Santorum votes in Penn Hills and pays ] and school taxes there, he is entitled to the same privileges as any other Penn Hills resident and should not be deprived of these privileges as a result of his service in the U.S. Senate.<ref>{{citenews | first= | last= | coauthors= | title= State Pays Penn Hills Schools In Santorum Dispute
In 2015, Santorum called for more restrictions on family-based immigration after warning of a "flood of legal—not illegal—immigrants to our country", which he blamed for depressing the median income of American workers.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/santorum-2016-message |title=Rick Santorum's 2016 message comes into focus |last1=Sarlin |first1=Benjy |date=January 19, 2015 |website=www.msnbc.com |publisher=NBC UNIVERSAL |access-date=January 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121153824/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/santorum-2016-message |archive-date=January 21, 2015 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
|date=September 13, 2006 | publisher= | url=http://www.thepittsburghchannel.com/news/9837498/detail.html?rss=pit&psp=news&synd=myabc | work=WTAE-TV | pages= | accessdate = 2007-04-25 | language = }}</ref> Non-residency issues have raised questions of hypocrisy, in that Santorum had previously castigated Representative Doug Walgren for moving away from his district.<ref>Casey for Senate: Santorum exemplifies the worst of Washington, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, October 22, 2006. http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06295/732138-192.stm</ref>


In 2006, Santorum opposed the ], saying the U.S. should simply act to enforce currently existing laws. He has openly stated his opposition to amnesty for illegal immigrants. He supports the construction of a barrier along the ], an increase in the number of border patrol agents, and the stationing of ] troops along the border. He also believes that illegal immigrants should be deported immediately when they commit crimes and that undocumented immigrants should not receive benefits from the government. He believes English should be established as the national language in the United States.<ref name="issues"/> Santorum cites his own family's history (his father immigrated to the U.S. from Italy) as proof of how to immigrate "the right way".<ref name="in iowa1"/>
===Declaration regarding WMD in Iraq===
In June 2006, Santorum declared that ] (WMD) had been found in Iraq.<ref name="wmdiraq">{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,200499,00.html|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080424081106/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,200499,00.html|archivedate=2008-04-24|title=Report: Hundreds of WMDs Found in Iraq|publisher=]|date=June 22, 2006|accessdate=2009-11-01}}</ref> The specific weapons he referred to were chemical munitions dating back to the ] that were buried in the early 1990s. The report stated that while agents had degraded to an unknown degree, they remained dangerous and possibly lethal.<ref name="wmdiraq" /> Officials of the Department of Defense, CIA intelligence analysts, and the White House have all explicitly stated that these expired casings are not part of the WMD threat that ] was launched to contain.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/21/AR2006062101837.html|title=Lawmakers Cite Weapons Found in Iraq|date=June 23, 2006|publisher=Washington Post|author=Dafna Linzer}}</ref>


At the 2015 Iowa Freedom Summit, Santorum said the volume of legal immigration into the United States is also too high, and stated that the number of immigrants lawfully entering the country was "affecting American workers" by taking jobs and lowering wages.<ref name="The Hill">{{cite web|author1=Devaney, Tim|title=Santorum: Immigrants costing US jobs|url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/230639-santorum-immigrants-costing-us-jobs/|website=TheHill.com|publisher=]|access-date=March 2, 2015|date=January 24, 2015|quote=We need an immigration policy that puts American workers first.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128032018/http://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/230639-santorum-immigrants-costing-us-jobs|archive-date=January 28, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Iowa Freedom Summit, Rick Santorum|url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?323834-11/iowa-freedom-summit-rick-santorum|website=C-Span.org|publisher=]|access-date=March 2, 2015|date=January 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320143402/http://www.c-span.org/video/?323834-11%2Fiowa-freedom-summit-rick-santorum|archive-date=March 20, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Santorum claimed that all "net new jobs" created in the United States economy since 2000 have gone to immigrants (both legal and illegal).<ref>{{cite news|author1=Ye Hee Lee, Michelle|title=Santorum's claim that all 'net new jobs' went to immigrants and fewer native-born Americans are working since 2000|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/wp/2015/01/28/santorums-claim-that-all-net-new-jobs-went-to-immigrants-and-fewer-native-born-americans-are-working-since-2000/|newspaper=]|access-date=March 2, 2015|date=January 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130155614/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/wp/2015/01/28/santorums-claim-that-all-net-new-jobs-went-to-immigrants-and-fewer-native-born-americans-are-working-since-2000/|archive-date=January 30, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> At the Iowa Freedom Summit, Santorum said: "We need an immigration policy that puts American workers first."<ref name="The Hill"/>
Santorum's declaration was based in part on declassified portions of a classified report from the National Ground Intelligence Center of the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command.<ref>{{cite web|title=Report on Iraqi Chemical Munitions|url=http://santorum.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=1078|date=June 21, 2006|accessdate=2006-09-13|format=PDF}}</ref> Portions were declassified in a summary that made six key points:


=== Libertarianism ===
* Since 2003, Coalition forces have recovered approximately 500 weapons munitions which contain degraded or vacant ] or ] nerve agent casings.
In June 2011, Santorum said he would continue to "fight very strongly against ] within the Republican Party and the conservative movement."<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214200908/http://townhall.com/tipsheet/greghengler/2012/01/05/rick_santorums_real_concerns_about_the_tea_party |date=2016-12-14 }} '']'' January 5, 2012</ref> In an interview with ] in the summer of 2005, Santorum discussed what he called the "]", saying "they have this idea that people should be left alone, be able to do whatever they want to do. Government should keep our taxes down and keep our regulation low and that we shouldn't get involved in the bedroom, we shouldn't get involved in cultural issues, you know, people should do whatever they want. Well, that is not how traditional conservatives view the world, and I think most conservatives understand that individuals can't go it alone."<ref>], host {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116070805/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4784905 |date=2018-11-16 }} '']'' August 4, 2005</ref>
* Despite many efforts to locate and destroy Iraq’s pre-] chemical munitions, filled and unfilled pre-gulf War chemical munitions are assessed to still exist. They have no viable military capability, however.
* Pre-Gulf War chemical munitions could be sold on the ]. Use of these weapons by ]s or ] groups could have implications for Coalition forces in Iraq.
* The most likely munitions remaining are sarin and mustard-filled projectile casings.
* The purity of the agent inside the munitions depends on many factors, including the manufacturing process, potential additives, and environmental storage conditions. While agents degrade over time, the residue could be hazardous upon dermal contact.
* It has been reported in open press that insurgents and Iraqi groups desire to acquire and use chemical weapons.


===Animal rights=== ===Minimum wage===
During his 2016 presidential campaign, Santorum came out in support of an increase in the federal minimum wage. In September 2015, he said, "'Republicans are losing elections because we aren't talking about , all we want to talk about is what happened to business, there are people that work in those businesses.'"<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/gop-primaries/253957-santorum-defends-raising-minimum-wage/ |title=Santorum defends raising minimum wage |access-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128034832/https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/gop-primaries/253957-santorum-defends-raising-minimum-wage |archive-date=2018-11-28 |url-status=live |date=September 16, 2015 }}</ref>
In 2005 a coalition of ] groups, spearheaded by the ] (HSUS) and the ] (DDAL) mounted a failed effort to push the ''Pet Animal Welfare Statute of 2005'' (PAWS) through Congress. The bill was proposed by Senator Santorum and sponsored by Senator ] (D-IL) and ] (R-PA). PAWS would have reclassified most small and hobby breeders as commercial breeders subjecting them to ] regulations, allowed home inspections and placed fees and compliance expenses on pet breeders. Fellow Congressmen were told that PAWS was "the ] bill".
This was Santorum's third failed attempt at pet-related legislation.


===ACLU suit === ===Paid family leave===
Santorum supports ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Paid Family Leave Will Support Working Families |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/11/paid-family-leave-working-families-good-policy-good-politics/ |work=National Review |date=26 November 2018}}</ref>
In 2005, four teenagers were ejected from a bookstore in Wilmington, Delaware, where Santorum was scheduled for a book signing, after they were overheard expressing critical opinions of the senator.<ref name=ACLU>ACLU settles lawsuit stemming from 2005 Santorum event, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Friday, June 29, 2007 http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07180/798038-85.stm</ref> The ] filed suit, which was settled in 2007. As a result of the settlement, the Delaware State Police were required to pay legal fees for the plaintiffs and provide training to officers on free speech rights. The Santorum staff members who requested the ejection were required to apologize and to relinquish their salaries for the event—$2,500.00—to plaintiffs in damages.


===Other=== ===Pornography===
On his website, Santorum said that the "Obama Administration has turned a blind eye" to ], but promised the situation would "change under a Santorum Administration."<ref name=santorumusatoday>{{cite news|last=Sneed|first=Tierney|title=Is Rick Santorum Right on Banning Internet Porn?|url=https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2012/03/16/is-rick-santorum-right-on-banning-internet-porn|access-date=March 26, 2012|newspaper=]|date=March 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324152836/http://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2012/03/16/is-rick-santorum-right-on-banning-internet-porn|archive-date=March 24, 2012|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> According to '']'', some conservatives believe Santorum's opposition to pornography could "hurt the party politically."<ref name=santorumusatoday/> On March 23, 2012, Santorum wrote on his campaign website that there is "a wealth of research" demonstrating that pornography causes "profound brain changes" and widespread negative effects on children and adults, including violence to women.<ref name=santorumhp>{{cite news|title=Santorum Says Porn Causes Aggression But Scientists Disagree|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/23/santorum-porn-agression_n_1376285.html|access-date=March 26, 2012|newspaper=]|date=March 23, 2012|first=Melissa|last=Cronin|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326190112/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/23/santorum-porn-agression_n_1376285.html|archive-date=March 26, 2012|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Researchers say that there is no such evidence of brain changes, although pornography's harmfulness "is still in dispute."<ref name=santorumhp/>
As a key member of the ] (a group of seven freshmen Republican Congressmen), Santorum helped expose a scandal at the House Bank. The Gang of Seven's reform-minded agenda is often cited as a foundation of the ] of the House of Representatives.


Santorum defended his assertions by saying that "the Obama ] seems to favor pornographers over children and families", and that the department's failure to prosecute the porn industry "proves his point."<ref name=obamapornstance>{{cite news|title=Rick Santorum: Pornography Not A Priority For Obama Administration|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/18/rick-santorum_n_1355916.html|access-date=March 26, 2012|newspaper=]|date=March 18, 2012|first=Ryan|last=Grim|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323175051/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/18/rick-santorum_n_1355916.html|archive-date=March 23, 2012|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> He then said that Obama had not put a priority on tackling the porn industry, "putting children at risk as a result of that."<ref name=obamapornstance/> In a position paper circulated in March 2012, Santorum said he would order his attorney general to "vigorously enforce" existing laws that "prohibit distribution of hardcore (obscene) pornography on the Internet, on cable/satellite TV, on hotel/motel TV, in retail shops and through the mail or by common carrier."<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107155957/https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Elections/President/2012/0317/Rick-Santorum-vows-to-end-pandemic-of-pornography.-Could-he-prevail |date=2017-11-07 }} By Patrik Jonsson, ''The Christian Science Monitor'', March 17, 2012</ref>
In 1996, as a U.S. Senator, Santorum served as Chairman of the ] Task Force on Welfare Reform and was the author and key sponsor of the ]. The legislation passed with overwhelming bipartisan support and was signed into law by President ].


===LGBT issues===
Though not a named author of the special Schiavo legislation, Santorum played a key role in shepherding the bill through the Senate to a vote on March 20, 2005. Santorum has frequently stated that he does not believe a "]" exists under the ], even within marriage; he has been especially critical of the Supreme Court decision in '']'' (1965), which held that the Constitution guaranteed the aforementioned right, and on that basis, overturned a law prohibiting the sale and use of ].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/santorum200507190728.asp|title=The Constitutional Wrecking Ball|author=Rick Santorum|publisher=]|date=July 19, 2005}}</ref>
{{See also|Rick Santorum's views on homosexuality|Campaign for the neologism "santorum"}}
]
In his 2005 book '']'', Santorum advocated a society oriented toward "family values" and centered on monogamous, heterosexual relationships, marriage, and child raising. He opposes both ] and ]s, saying the American public and their elected officials should decide on these "incredibly important moral issues" rather than the ].<ref>{{cite web|date=July 31, 2005|title=George Stephanopoulos Interviews Sen. Rick Santorum|url=http://thinkprogress.org/santorum-this-week/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614111014/http://thinkprogress.org/santorum-this-week/|archive-date=June 14, 2006|access-date=March 31, 2019|website=]|df=mdy-all}}</ref>


During a 2003 interview, Santorum expressed opposition to same-sex marriage, said he favors having laws against ], ] (between same sex or opposite sex couples), and other actions "antithetical to a healthy, stable, traditional family", and likened homosexuality to ] and ].<ref name="usa today">{{cite news|date=April 23, 2003|title=Excerpt from Santorum interview|work=]|agency=]|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2003-04-23-santorum-excerpt_x.htm|url-status=live|access-date=March 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122034014/http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2003-04-23-santorum-excerpt_x.htm|archive-date=January 22, 2011|quote=Every society in the history of man has upheld the institution of marriage as a bond between a man and a woman... In every society, the definition of marriage has not ever to my knowledge included homosexuality. That's not to pick on homosexuality. It's not, you know, man on child, man on dog, or whatever the case may be. It is one thing. And when you destroy that you have a dramatic impact on the quality|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>John Barron, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411101140/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-02-09/profile-rick-santorum/3819574|date=2017-04-11}}, ''ABC News'', 16 February 2012</ref> The remarks drew a retaliatory response from many, including author, journalist, and ] community activist ], who launched a ] among the readers of his blog with the winner as "the frothy mixture of ] and ] that is sometimes the byproduct of ]".<ref name="savage" /><ref name="google problem" /> The website Savage set up for the campaign became one of the top search results for Santorum's surname,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Santorum|url=http://spreadingsantorum.com/|access-date=2022-01-21|website=spreadingsantorum.com}}</ref> creating a situation that commentators dubbed "Santorum's Google problem".<ref name="google problem" /><ref name="rollcall" /> Santorum has characterized the campaign as a "type of vulgarity" spread on the Internet.<ref name="rollcall" /> In September 2011, Santorum unsuccessfully requested that Google remove the content from its search engine index.<ref name="contacted google" /> In 2015, during an interview on '']'', he expressed regret for making the "man-on-dog" statement, which he described as "flippant", but added: "he substance of what I said ... I stand by that."<ref>{{cite web|last=Ring|first=Trudy|date=July 22, 2015|title=WATCH: Rick Santorum Regrets 'Man on Dog' Remark — Sort Of|url=http://www.advocate.com/politics/election/2015/07/22/watch-rick-santorum-regrets-man-dog-remark-sort|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904105224/https://www.advocate.com/politics/election/2015/07/22/watch-rick-santorum-regrets-man-dog-remark-sort|archive-date=September 4, 2017|access-date=October 5, 2017|publisher=Advocate.com|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Zaru|first1=Deena|title=Rick Santorum 'absolutely' regrets comparing homosexuality to bestiality|website=CNN.com|publisher=]|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/23/politics/rick-santorum-homosexuality-comments-same-sex-marriage/|url-status=live|access-date=April 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411140712/http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/23/politics/rick-santorum-homosexuality-comments-same-sex-marriage/|archive-date=April 11, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
Santorum is also a supporter of partial privatization of ]. Since the ], Santorum has held forums across Pennsylvania on the topic.


In 2011, during his bid for the Republican nomination in the upcoming presidential election, Santorum attended a Republican primary debate held two days after the official end of the Clinton-era "]" policy that effectively banned gays and lesbians from open service in the United States Armed Forces and fielded a question from ], a gay soldier then serving in ], about the progress made by gay soldiers in the military.<ref name="abc">
In 2005, Santorum sponsored the ], which appropriated $10 million aimed at ] in ]. The Act passed with overwhelming support. However, Santorum nevertheless voted against the ] amendment which would have closed the loophole which allows companies like ] to do business with Iran through their foreign affiliates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pjvoice.com/v16/16105santorum.html|title=Rick Santorum On Iran: His record does not match his rhetoric|publisher=]|author=Bonnie Squires|coauthors=Dan Loeb|work=Op/Ed|date=September 18, 2006|accessdate=2006-09-22}}</ref>
{{cite news|last=Dwyer|first=Devin|date=October 3, 2011|title=Obama Blasts Republicans Over Booing of Gay Soldier|work=]|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/10/obama-blasts-republicans-over-booing-of-gay-soldier/|url-status=live|access-date=March 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063103/http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/10/obama-blasts-republicans-over-booing-of-gay-soldier/|archive-date=September 4, 2017|df=mdy-all}}
</ref> The soldier was booed by some in the audience, and Santorum said his administration would reinstate the ban on gay soldiers in the military. Santorum was roundly criticized for not supporting the soldier, and he later asserted he had not heard the booing from the stage.


In 2015, Santorum signed an online pledge vowing not to respect any law, including any decision by the United States Supreme Court, conferring legal recognition on same-sex marriage.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ennis|first1=Dawn|date=June 15, 2015|title=Who Are the 44,500 Who Say They'll Go to Jail to Fight Marriage Equality?|publisher=advocate.com|agency=The Advocate|url=http://www.advocate.com/politics/marriage-equality/2015/06/15/who-are-44500-who-say-theyll-go-jail-fight-marriage-equality|url-status=live|access-date=June 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617013011/http://www.advocate.com/politics/marriage-equality/2015/06/15/who-are-44500-who-say-theyll-go-jail-fight-marriage-equality|archive-date=June 17, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The pledge states, in part: "A decision purporting to redefine marriage flies in the face of the Constitution and is contrary to the natural created order. As people of faith we pledge obedience to our Creator when the State directly conflicts with higher law."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wong|first1=Curtis|date=April 23, 2015|title='Pledge In Solidarity To Defend Marriage' Urges SCOTUS To Reject Same-Sex Marriage Case|website=]|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/23/pledge-in-solidarity-to-defend-marriage_n_7120254.html|url-status=live|access-date=June 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724081607/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/23/pledge-in-solidarity-to-defend-marriage_n_7120254.html|archive-date=July 24, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In April 2015, Santorum stated on ]'s radio program that he would not attend a same-sex wedding, saying: "as a person of my faith, that would be something that would be a violation of my faith."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Condon|first1=Stephanie|date=April 17, 2015|title=Gay weddings: What would Rick Santorum do?|publisher=cbsnews.com|agency=]|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gay-weddings-what-would-rick-santorum-do/|url-status=live|access-date=June 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617234749/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/gay-weddings-what-would-rick-santorum-do/|archive-date=June 17, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
Santorum is well known for attracting political enemies on the other side of his aisle. Senator ] of ], after sharing the floor with Santorum for the first three weeks of his first term in the Senate, remarked, "Santorum — That's Latin for asshole".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.counterpunch.org/stclair05012003.html
|title=Santorum: That's Latin for Asshole
|author=Jeffrey St. Clair
|work=counterpunch
|date=2006-05-19}}</ref>


At a Republican convention in South Carolina in 2015, Santorum responded to a question about ] by saying: "if says he's a woman, then he's a woman. My responsibility as a human being is to love and accept everybody. Not to criticize people for who they are."<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Linshi|first1=Jack|date=May 3, 2015|title=Rick Santorum on Bruce Jenner: 'If He Says He's a Woman, Then He's a Woman'|magazine=]|issue=May 3, 2015|url=https://time.com/3844757/rick-santorum-bruce-jenner-lgbt-transgender/|url-status=live|access-date=June 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609202552/http://time.com/3844757/rick-santorum-bruce-jenner-lgbt-transgender/|archive-date=June 9, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Due to Santorum's consistent opposition to same-sex marriage, his apparent acceptance of Jenner's transition surprised some.{{who|date=June 2022}}<ref>{{cite news|last1=Margolin|first1=Emma|date=May 4, 2015|title=Santorum clarifies surprising remarks about Bruce Jenner|work=]|url=https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/santorum-clarifies-surprising-remarks-about-bruce-jenner|url-status=live|access-date=June 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617123434/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/santorum-clarifies-surprising-remarks-about-bruce-jenner|archive-date=June 17, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Some people criticized Santorum for continuing to use the male pronoun in reference to Jenner.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gass|first1=Nick|title=Rick Santorum: I'd welcome an endorsement from Caitlyn Jenner|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/06/rick-santorum-endorsement-caitlyn-jenner-118917.html#ixzz3dAcYdFrS|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150615002421/http://www.politico.com/story/2015/06/rick-santorum-endorsement-caitlyn-jenner-118917.html#ixzz3dAcYdFrS|archive-date=June 15, 2015|access-date=June 15, 2015|website=Politico.com|publisher=]|date=June 12, 2015 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Santorum declined to take a position on whether transgender people should be allowed to use restrooms of the gender of their choice, saying only that he believed the federal government should leave the issue to local authorities.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Carlson|first1=Adam|date=May 3, 2015|title=Rick Santorum Supports Bruce Jenner: 'If He Says He's a Woman, Then He's a Woman'|work=]|url=http://www.people.com/article/rick-santorum-interview-bruce-jenner-transition|url-status=live|access-date=June 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617123441/http://www.people.com/article/rick-santorum-interview-bruce-jenner-transition|archive-date=June 17, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="cbsnews.com">{{cite news|last1=Flores|first1=Reena|date=May 4, 2015|title=Rick Santorum clarifies comments on Bruce Jenner's identity|publisher=cbsnews.com|agency=]|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/rick-santorum-clarifies-comments-on-bruce-jenners-identity/|url-status=live|access-date=June 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722093803/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/rick-santorum-clarifies-comments-on-bruce-jenners-identity/|archive-date=July 22, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Santorum later clarified his statement, writing that he "meant to express empathy", and "not a change in public policy."<ref name="cbsnews.com" />
In reference to the ] in 2006, Santorum drew an analogy with '']'' in one of his addresses:


===Poverty===
:''“As the ]s are going up ], the ] is being drawn somewhere else. It's being drawn to Iraq and it's not being drawn to the U.S. “You know what? I want to keep it on Iraq. I don't want the Eye to come back here to the United States.” ''
While in Congress, Santorum supported efforts to fight global ],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/23/politics/bono-rick-santorum-aids-africa/index.html|title=Bono: 'Rick Santorum is in the house!'|author=Eugene Scott|website=]|access-date=August 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225120852/http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/23/politics/bono-rick-santorum-aids-africa/index.html|archive-date=February 25, 2016|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> provide assistance to orphans and vulnerable children in developing countries, combat ], and offer ].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/29/opinion/29brooks.html|title=Political Theater and the Real Rick Santorum|last=Brooks|first=David|date=October 29, 2006|newspaper=]|issn=0362-4331|access-date=October 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009193039/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/29/opinion/29brooks.html|archive-date=October 9, 2016|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In 2006, rock musician and humanitarian ] said of Santorum, "he has been a defender of the most vulnerable."<ref name="political theater"/><ref name="his share"/> On the domestic front, Santorum supported home ownership tax credits, savings accounts for children, rewarding savings by low-income families, funding ] research, fighting ], and providing housing for people with HIV/AIDS. He supported increased funding for Social Services Block Grants and organizations like Healthy Start and the ], and financing community health centers.<ref name="political theater"/>


==2006 campaign== ===Social Security===
Santorum supported partial privatization of ], and following ], he held forums across Pennsylvania on the topic.<ref name="msnbc"/>
{{Main|Pennsylvania United States Senate election, 2006}}


===Trade policy===
In 2006, Santorum sought re-election to a third term in the U.S. Senate. His Democratic opponent was State Treasurer ], the son of popular former governor ](D) Santorum's seat was a prime target of Democratic efforts to gain Senate seats in the ]. Casey's candidacy was bolstered by his opposition to abortion, negating one of Santorum's key issues.<ref>{{cite web|title=Casey Widens Lead Over Santorum In Pennsylvania, Quinnipiac University Poll Finds; Voters Lean To Pro-Choice Side Of Abortion Debate|url=http://www.quinnipiac.edu/x1327.xml?ReleaseID=873|publisher=]|date=February 13, 2006}}</ref>
The ]'s Center for Trade Policy Studies identified Santorum, during his U.S. Senate tenure, as having a mostly pro-] and mostly anti-] voting record.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=]|url=http://www.cato.org/research/trade-immigration/congress?senator=91|title=Free Trade, Free Markets: Rating the Congress|access-date=September 7, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130193720/http://www.cato.org/research/trade-immigration/congress?senator=91|archive-date=January 30, 2016|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>


==Electoral history==
Republican strategists took as a bad omen Santorum's primary result in 2006, in which he ran unopposed for the Republican nomination. Republican gubernatorial nominee ], also unopposed, garnered 22,000 more votes statewide than Santorum in the primary, meaning thousands of Republican voters abstained from endorsing Santorum for another Senate term.<!-- broken http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06138/691235-100.stm --> This may have been partly due to Santorum's support for ], over Congressman ] in the 2004 Republican primary for the U.S. Senate. Even though Santorum is only slightly less conservative than Toomey, he joined virtually all of the state and national Republican establishment in supporting the moderate Specter. This led many socially and fiscally conservative Republicans to consider Santorum's support of Specter to be a betrayal of their cause.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nysun.com/article/41237| title=Outside Santorum's Sanctum| author=Jerry Bowyer| publisher=New York Sun| date=October 10, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nationalreview.com/moore/moore200404150838.asp| title=Santorum's Shame| author=Stephen Moore| publisher=National Review| date=April 15, 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://development.americasfuture.org/doublethink/2004/05/02/betrayal-in-pennsylvania/| title=Betrayal in Pennsylvania| author=Timothy P. Carney| publisher=AFF's Brainwash| date=November 1, 2009}}</ref>
{{Election box begin no change
| title=]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = Rick Santorum
| votes = 1,735,691
| percentage = 49.40%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = ] (incumbent)
| votes = 1,648,481
| percentage = 46.92%
}}
{{Election box candidate no change
| party = Patriot Party
| candidate = Diane G. Blough
| votes = 69,825
| percentage = 1.99%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Libertarian Party (United States)
| candidate = Donald Ernsberger
| votes = 59,115
| percentage = 1.68%
}}
{{Election box write-in with party link no change
| votes = 249
| percentage = 0.01%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 3,513,361
| percentage = 100.00%
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing
|winner = Republican Party (United States)
|loser = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change
| title = ]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/2000/2000Stat.htm|title = Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = Rick Santorum (incumbent)
| votes = 2,481,962
| percentage = 52.4%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = ]
| votes = 2,154,908
| percentage = 45.5%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Libertarian Party (United States)
| candidate = John Featherman
| votes = 45,775
| percentage = 1.0%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Constitution Party (United States)
| candidate = Lester Searer
| votes = 28,382
| percentage = 0.6%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Reform Party (United States)
| candidate = Robert Domske
| votes = 24,089
| percentage = 0.5%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 4,735,116
| percentage = 100.00%
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing
| winner = Republican Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}


{{Election box begin no change
On May 22, 2006, the polling firm Rasmussen Reports declared that Santorum was the "most vulnerable incumbent" among the Senators running for re-election.<ref name="rasvuln">{{cite web|title=Pennsylvania Senate: Casey by 23 Santorum Remains Most Vulnerable Incumbent|url=http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections2/election_2006/senate_races/pennsylvania_senate_casey_by_23|publisher=]|date=May 31, 2006}}</ref> However, in August 2006, polling showed Santorum with his highest approval rating in months, 48 percent, a twelve-point jump between July and August. Nearly as many Pennsylvanians, 45 percent, said they had an unfavorable view of the Senator.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.surveyusa.com/50State2006/100USSenatorApproval060817State.htm|title=Approval Ratings for all 100 U.S. Senators as of 08/17/06|publisher=]|accessdate=2006-09-09}}</ref>
| title = ]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://electionreturns.pa.gov/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529001955/http://www.electionreturns.state.pa.us/ElectionsInformation.aspx?FunctionID=12&ElectionID=24|url-status=dead|title=Pennsylvania Elections - Summary Results|archivedate=May 29, 2008|website=electionreturns.pa.gov}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = ]
| votes = 2,392,984
| percentage = 58.64%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = Rick Santorum (incumbent)
| votes = 1,684,778
| percentage = 41.28%
}}
{{Election box write-in with party link no change
| votes = 3,281
| percentage = 0.08%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 4,081,043
| percentage = 100.00%
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing
|winner = Democratic Party (United States)
|loser = Republican Party (United States)
|swing = -24.4%
}}
{{Election box end}}


{{Election box begin no change
For most of the campaign, Santorum was behind by 15 points or more. Most polls during the summer of 2006 showed the race between Casey and Santorum becoming ], but a poll released by ] on September 26 showed Casey's margin ballooning back to a double-digit lead.<ref name=forbes.com>{{cite news|url=http://www.yorkdispatch.com/pennsylvania/ci_4404075|title=Casey Doubles Lead Over Santorum|author=Kimberly Hefling|publisher=]|date=September 26, 2006}}</ref>
| title = Cumulative results of the ]
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 10,031,336
| percentage = 52.13%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Rick Santorum
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 3,932,069
| percentage = 20.43%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 2,734,571
| percentage = 14.21%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 2,095,762
| percentage = 10.89%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 83,918
| percentage = 0.44%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 54,769
| percentage = 0.28%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 35,089
| percentage = 0.21%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 33,588
| percentage = 0.17%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 40,666
| percentage = 0.07%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 12,743
| percentage = 0.06%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 4,293
| percentage = 0.02%
}}


{{Election box end}}
One day before the Quinnipiac poll was released, a Pennsylvania state judge ruled against a potential third-party candidate, Carl Romanelli of the Green Party. Romanelli fell about 8,900 petition signatures shy of the threshold needed to be placed on the statewide ballot in November. On October 4, 2006, the Pennsylvania State Supreme Court also rejected Romanelli's legal challenge.<ref name=thetimestribune.com>{{cite news|url=http://www.thetimes-tribune.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=17296894&BRD=2185&PAG=461&dept_id=415898&rfi=6|title=Ousted Romanelli Now Faces Money Problems|author=Elizabeth Skrapets|publisher=]|date=October 7, 2006}}</ref> This was a potential blow to the Santorum campaign, as Romanelli was expected to siphon off some Casey voters.<ref name=forbes.com>{{cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/business/businesstech/feeds/ap/2006/09/25/ap3043325.html|title=Pa. Judge to Drop Candidate from Ballot|author=Martha Raffaele|publisher=]|date=September 25, 2006}}</ref>


{{Election box begin no change
There is also some question as to whether Romanelli and Pennsylvania's Green Party violated federal election laws when they accepted tens of thousands of dollars in donations from people also backing Santorum's campaign.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.philly.com/mld/inquirer/news/local/15167552.htm|title=Santorum donors give to Green Party|author=Carrie Budoff|publisher=]|date=August 1, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.philly.com/mld/inquirer/news/local/states/pennsylvania/counties/montgomery_county/15524018.htm|title=Lawyer: Green candidate's Senate petition is invalid|author=Martha Raffaele, Associated Press|publisher=]|date=September 14, 2006}}</ref>
| title = Cumulative results of the ]
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 14,015,993
| percentage = 44.95%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 7,822,100
| percentage = 25.08%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 4,290,448
| percentage = 13.76%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 3,515,576
| percentage = 11.27%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 857,039
| percentage = 2.75%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 286,694
| percentage = 0.92%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 66,788
| percentage = 0.21%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 51,450
| percentage = 0.16%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 40,666
| percentage = 0.13%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 57,637
| percentage = 0.18%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = ]
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 18,369
| percentage = 0.06%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Rick Santorum
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 16,627
| percentage = 0.05%
}}
{{Election box end}}


==Personal life==
Santorum found himself mired in controversy over his residency. For many years, he has maintained a modest home in ], a suburb of Pittsburgh, which he claims as his official residence. {{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} However, his family lived in the ] suburbs of Washington when the Senate was in session.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Since this meant Santorum spent most of the year away from Pennsylvania, critics argued it was not unlike the living arrangements he denounced in his 1990 House race against Walgren.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Santorum accused Walgren of being out of touch with his Pittsburgh-area district, symbolized by his home in the Virginia suburbs.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} On ]'s ] on September 3, 2006, Santorum admitted that he only spends "maybe a month a year, something like that" at his Pennsylvania residence.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14568263/page/10|title=Meet the Press transcript|publisher=]|date=September 13, 2006}}</ref> Santorum also pointed out in the debate that Walgren lived in a single Congressional district and that Walgren only spent 28 days of the entire year in his district, while he represents all of Pennsylvania.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} As such, he spent much of his time in Virginia but would visit every one of the 67 counties in Pennsylvania every year.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}
] in October 2011]]
Santorum met his future wife, Karen Garver (born 1960), while she was a neonatal nurse studying law at the University of Pittsburgh and he was recruiting summer interns for ]. They married in 1990<ref name="20things"/> and have seven living children.


In 1996, the Santorums' son Gabriel was born prematurely after 20 weeks of pregnancy and died in the hospital two hours later. Karen wrote that she and Rick slept with Gabriel's body between them in the hospital that night and brought his body home the following day so that their other children could see him.<ref name="sokolove"/><ref name="letters"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Rick Santorum: Faith and conservatism fuel bid for Republican presidential nomination |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/02/10/rick-santorum/|date=February 11, 2012}}</ref> The Santorums' four eldest children appeared with their parents on '']'' in January 2012. Elizabeth, who was five at the time of Gabriel's death, said she was glad to have seen him, and that he holds a place in her heart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFuQGIhLm1A | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211104/GFuQGIhLm1A| archive-date=2021-11-04 | url-status=live|title=Santorum: Brought baby home to bury him |publisher=]|date=January 20, 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
Santorum also drew criticism for enrolling five of his six children in an online "cyber school" in Pennsylvania's ] (home to Pittsburgh and most of its suburbs), despite the fact the children lived in Virginia. The ] School District was billed $73,000 in tuition for the cyber classes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gatewaynewspapers.com/pennhillsprogress/65799/|title=Dems Press Cyber Cost Issue|author=Vera Miller|publisher=]|date=September 20, 2006}}</ref>


Santorum traveled, in 2002, to Rome to speak at a centenary celebration of the birth of Saint ], founder of ].<ref name=Allen/><ref name="the lip"/> He and his wife were invested as Knight and Dame of Magistral Grace of the ] in a ceremony at ] in New York on November 12, 2004.<ref name="sovereign"/>
During the campaign leading up to the 2006 election Dan Savage, a sex columnist, author and gay activist acting on the suggestion of a reader of his "Savage Love" column, held a contest to rename a sexual act in Santorum's honor. According to Savage, the contest led to the creation and definition of ]--a new sexual term.<ref name="Onion AV Club">{{cite news
|url=http://www.avclub.com/content/node/45150
|title=Interview: Dan Savage
|author=Tasha Robinson
|publisher=] AV Club
|date=February 8, 2006
|accessdate=2006-12-19}}</ref> The creation of the term, and the conservative outrage stemming from it, was alluded to in the media, including on "The Daily Show", in "The Economist", and elsewhere.<ref name="Onion AV Club"/>


In 2012, Santorum's net worth was estimated to be between $880,000 and $3 million,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theirnetworth.com/Politicians/Rick_Santorum/|title=Rick Santorum Net Worth – How much is Rick Santorum worth?|publisher=Their Net Worth|access-date=March 7, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415154033/http://www.theirnetworth.com/Politicians/Rick_Santorum/|archive-date=April 15, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> mainly held as five rental properties around ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2011/10/04/net-worth-gop-presidential-candidates/|title=The Net Worth of GOP Presidential Candidates|publisher=Foxbusiness.com|date=April 7, 2010|access-date=March 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106202403/http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2011/10/04/net-worth-gop-presidential-candidates/|archive-date=January 6, 2012|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> two personal homes in ] and ],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2012/news/economy/1201/gallery.presedential-candidates-wealth/6.html|title=Election 2012: How rich are these guys?|publisher=]|date=January 13, 2012|access-date=March 7, 2012}}</ref> and some ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.davemanuel.com/2012/01/20/the-rich-list-2012-presidential-race-edition/|title=The Rich List – 2012 Presidential Race Edition|publisher=Davemanuel.com|access-date=March 7, 2012}}</ref> In 1997, Santorum purchased a three-bedroom house in the Pittsburgh suburb of Penn Hills. In 2001, he bought a $640,000 house in ],<ref name="BloombergJan2012"/> sold it in 2007 for $850,000,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.movoto.com/homes-for-sale/right-leaning-novelty-real-estate-gop-candidates-homes-for-sale/|title=Right-Leaning Novelty Real Estate: GOP Candidates' Homes for Sale|publisher=Blog.movoto.com|date=November 7, 2011|access-date=March 7, 2012|archive-date=December 10, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210173212/http://blog.movoto.com/homes-for-sale/right-leaning-novelty-real-estate-gop-candidates-homes-for-sale/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and purchased a $2 million home in ].<ref>{{cite web|last=Riggs|first=Erika|url=http://www.zillow.com/blog/2012-01-09/gop-candidates-look-to-trade-these-homes-for-white-house/|title=GOP Candidates Look to Trade These Homes for White House &#124; Zillow Blog – Real Estate Market Stats, Celebrity Real Estate, and Zillow News|publisher=Zillow.com|date=January 9, 2012|access-date=March 7, 2012|archive-date=February 6, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206161749/http://www.zillow.com/blog/2012-01-09/gop-candidates-look-to-trade-these-homes-for-white-house/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
At least one of Santorum's television ads called into question his campaign's use of the facts regarding Casey and persons who have donated money to the Casey campaign. According to the ad, some of the persons who have given Casey money are or have been under investigation for various crimes. An editorial in Casey's hometown newspaper, '']'', points out that all but one of the contributions " made to Casey campaigns when he was running for other offices, at which time none of the contributors were known to be under investigation for anything."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thetimes-tribune.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=17200385&BRD=2185&PAG=461&dept_id=418218&rfi=6|title=Santorum hurls the low hard one|author=Editorial|publisher=]|date=September 15, 2006}}</ref> In fact, two of the persons cited in the Santorum campaign ad have actually given contributions to Mr. Santorum's 2006 Senate campaign. Another died in 2004.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.philly.com/mld/inquirer/news/local/states/pennsylvania/counties/philadelphia_county/philadelphia/15512905.htm|title=Santorum ad impugns ethics of Casey "team"|author=Larry Eichel|publisher=]|date=September 14, 2006}}</ref> However, the Santorum campaign pointed out that the money the Santorum campaign received from those donors was not kept by the campaign, but rather donated to educational institutions.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.centredaily.com/mld/centredaily/15511495.htm|title=Santorum ad shows Casey "campaign team" behind bars|author=Kimberly Hefling|agency=Associated Press|date=September 13, 2006}}</ref>


According to '']'', Santorum has paid $50,000 per year out of pocket for medical expenses not covered by insurance for his daughter Isabella's ].<ref name="nytimes/2012/santorum-daughter-pneumonia">{{cite news |last1=Seelye |first1=Katharine Q. |last2=Saulny |first2=Susan |title=Santorum Daughter's Illness a Test for Candidate |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/31/us/politics/rick-santorums-daughter-3-overcomes-a-bout-of-pneumonia.html |access-date=21 October 2023 |work=] |date=2012-01-31}}</ref><ref name="WaPoBella">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/santorums-new-book-reveals-how-faith-and-love-are-tested-by-a-daughters-disability/2015/02/07/27a1728e-ac85-11e4-ad71-7b9eba0f87d6_story.html?wpisrc=al_alert|title=Santorums' new book reveals how faith and love are tested by a daughter's disability|author=Karen Tumulty|date=February 7, 2015|newspaper=]|access-date=August 10, 2015}}</ref> The Santorums once paid $25,000 to have Isabella airlifted from a Virginia hospital to a children's hospital in Philadelphia.<ref name="WaPoBella"/>
A heated debate between the candidates occurred on October 11, 2006.<ref name=PPG1006>Toland, Bill. . '']''', October 13, 2006.</ref> There, according to coverage by '']'', the candidates appeared "less statesmanlike than either Gov. Ed Rendell or challenger Lynn Swann, who had debated each other in Pittsburgh the week".<ref name=PPG1006/>


In his free time, Santorum is an avid ] player.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jacobs|first1=Ben|title=Tough-to-Beat Election Behind Him, Rick Santorum Plays Fantasy Baseball|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/13/tough-to-beat-election-behind-him-rick-santorum-plays-fantasy-baseball.html|newspaper=]|access-date=March 21, 2015|date=April 13, 2012}}</ref>
In late October, during the Lebanon County Republican Committee’s annual dinner at the Lantern Lodge, Santorum said "If we are not successful here and things don’t go right in the election, there’s a good chance that the course of our country could change."{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} "We are in the equivalent of the late 1930s, and this election will decide whether we are going to continue to appease or whether we will stand and fight while we have a chance to win without devastating consequences."<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.ldnews.com/news/ci_4541386| title=
Santorum issues GOP call to arms| author=Brad Rhen| publisher=Lebanon Daily News| date=October 25, 2006}}</ref>


=== Religion ===
Santorum on August 28 gave to Pennsylvania media at the Pennsylvania Press Club luncheon in Harrisburg, a speech he earlier gave to the National Club, claiming that terrorist attacks on America by "radical Islamists" were part of a more than three-century-old plot to restore Shia clerics to power and bring "the ]" out of hiding.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}
]
He said, according to the online news service, ]: “They believe, as all Shias do, in the Hidden Imam, the 12th Imam," the 12th descendant in a straight line from Mohammed the Prophet, who disappeared in 874, at the age of 5. “The Shia believe that he is the Messiah and he is in hiding and that he will return. … They believe … he will return with radical Islam, when Shia dominates the world. Well, for over 1,000 years, ... the East and West fought, up until 1683 ... In 1683, not that long ago, the Islamists had surrounded the gates of Vienna and were on the verge of toppling it after a siege; ... but the West united, and led by the Poles, John Sobieski and the Polish Hussars defeated in a one-day battle on the plains outside Vienna.
Although he was raised in a nominally Catholic household, Santorum's faith began to deepen when he met his future wife, Karen. By his account, conversations with her father, Kenneth Garver, a staunch Catholic and abortion opponent, solidified his understanding and opposition to abortion. He and his wife have since become increasingly religious.<ref>{{cite news |author=Sheryl Gay Stolber |author2=Laurie Goodstein |date=March 3, 2012 |title=From 'Nominal Catholic' to Clarion of Faith |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/04/us/politics/from-nominal-catholic-to-clarion-of-faith.html?pagewanted=all |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=]}}</ref> Santorum now considers himself a devout Catholic and acknowledges his faith as the source of his politics and worldview.<ref>{{cite web |author=Stan Guthrie |date=March 28, 2005 |title=Sen. Rick Santorum: I Draw No Line Between My Faith and My Decisions ... |url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2005/marchweb-only/113-12.0.html |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=Christianity Today}}</ref> He attends Mass almost daily and organized a Catholic study group for lawmakers while in Congress.<ref>{{cite news |author=Rachel Zoll And Kasie Hunt |date=March 18, 2012 |title=Rick Santorum Not Getting Catholic Vote |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/18/rick-santorum-catholics-_n_1357050.html |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=]}}</ref>
“What was the high-water mark of this 1,000-year war? It was the day before. What was the date the day before? Sept. 11, 1683.”


Santorum proudly calls himself a ]rior and true ]. In so positioning himself, he has garnered popularity among Protestant ], but his support among Catholics is not as robust.<ref>{{cite news |last=Raushenbush |first=Paul |date=March 19, 2012 |title=Pastor Dennis Terry Introduces Rick Santorum, Tells Non-Christians And Liberals To Get Out (VIDEO) |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/19/dennis-terry-rick-santorum_n_1364414.html |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Juana Summers |author2=Alexander Burns |date=February 8, 2012 |title=Rick Santorum emphasizes his Christian roots |url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0212/72633.html |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=]}}</ref> Santorum's emphasis on his "Christian roots" was especially favored by evangelicals in the Midwest and Southern states during the 2012 primaries, although he lost the Republican Catholic vote in most states to Romney.<ref>{{cite news |date=March 31, 2012 |title=Catholic Rick Santorum struggling to convert GOP Catholics to his cause |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/catholic-rick-santorum-struggling-convert-gop-catholics-article-1.1053920 |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=] |location=New York}}</ref> Exit polls found only 42% of those Catholics and less than a third of Protestant evangelicals knew Santorum was Catholic.<ref>{{cite news |author=David Lauter |date=March 14, 2012 |title=Poll: Most Republicans don't know Rick Santorum is Catholic |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-xpm-2012-mar-14-la-pn-gop-primary-poll-religion-20120314-story.html |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=]}}</ref> After Santorum won Protestant-majority states Alabama and Mississippi but lost in heavily Catholic Puerto Rico, '']'' said he "seemed exasperated by the trend"<ref name="catholicsupport">{{cite news |author=Max J. Rosenthal |date=March 19, 2012 |title=Rick Santorum Frustrated By Low Support From Fellow Catholics |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/19/rick-santorum-catholics-low-support_n_1364991.html |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=]}}</ref> and said his ] came from "people who take their faith seriously", not necessarily fellow Catholics.<ref name="catholicsupport" />
This speech eventually led to Santorum launching a tour called "The Gathering Storm," comparing himself to the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who alerted his nation and the world to the Nazi menace in the 1930s, and then fought with America, Russia and others to defeat the Germans, Italians and Japan in World War II in the 1940s.<ref>Raffaele, Martha. . ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', October 27, 2006.</ref> The Associated Press' Jennifer Yates wrote on Oct. 27 that Santorum said: "This is a moment, a critical crossroads in American history," as she noted that "Santorum, who invoked Winston Churchill's memoir - "The Gathering Storm" - about the causes of World War II" then told her and audiences: "The parallel is so profound."{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}


Santorum has written for Catholic publications and frequently comments on political issues from a religious standpoint. He has said, "I don't believe in an America where the ] is absolute. The First Amendment means the free exercise of religion and that means bringing people and their faith into the public square."<ref>{{cite news |date=February 26, 2012 |title=Santorum says he doesn't believe in separation of church and state |url=https://news.yahoo.com/santorum-says-doesnt-believe-separation-church-state-164307440.html |publisher=] |agency=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Horowitz |first=Alana |date=February 26, 2012 |title=Santorum: Separation Of Church And State 'Makes Me Want To Throw Up' |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/26/santorum-church-and-state_n_1302246.html?ref=mostpopular |work=]}}</ref> In an interview with the '']'', Santorum said that the distinction between private religious conviction and public responsibility, espoused by President ], had caused "great harm in America". He said: "All of us have heard people say, 'I privately am against abortion, homosexual marriage, stem cell research, cloning. But who am I to decide that it's not right for somebody else?' It sounds good, but it is the corruption of freedom of conscience."<ref name="Allen" /> He told a group of college students in 2008 that the United States had been founded on "Judeo-Christian" ethics, and now "it is a shambles, it is gone from the world of Christianity as I see it."<ref>{{cite news |author=Ryan Grim |date=February 18, 2012 |title=Rick Santorum In 2008: Mainstream Protestantism Fell Out Of 'World Of Christianity{{'-}} |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/18/rick-santorum-protestantism_n_1286471.html |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=]}}</ref>
Days before, Yates reported, Santorum said: Casey's election and that of other Democrats trying to take over the U.S. House and Senate would be "a disaster for the future of the world."{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}


Santorum has said he values faith over politics and considers politicians' faith significant. He questioned whether Barack Obama truly has a religion, alleging that he may have chosen Christianity as a politically expedient platform for power.<ref name="faithbasedcriticism">{{cite news |last=Tartar |first=Andre |date=February 19, 2012 |title=Santorum Says Obama's Not a Real Christian, Then Grudgingly Admits He Is |url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2012/02/santorum-implies-hes-the-only-real-christian.html |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=]}}</ref> Santorum has said that "if the president says he's a Christian, he's a Christian" but has stated that Obama's agenda was based on a "phony theology", not the Bible.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 19, 2012 |title=Santorum Says Obama's Agenda Based on 'Phony' Theology, Not Bible |url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/santorum-says-obamas-agenda-based-on-phony-theology-not-bible-69806/ |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=The Christian Post}}</ref> In an interview with ], Santorum said Obama's desire for greater higher education rates nationwide was a veiled attempt at "indoctrination", saying that "62 percent of kids who go into college with a faith commitment leave without it." Santorum declined to provide a source for that figure.<ref>{{cite news |date=February 23, 2012 |title=Santorum: Obama College Plan Aimed at 'Indoctrination' |url=https://news.yahoo.com/santorum-obama-college-plan-aimed-indoctrination-221507241.html |work=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=February 23, 2012 |title=Highlights: Rick Santorum talks economy, controversy, and faith on GBTV |url=http://www.glennbeck.com/2012/02/23/developing-rick-santorum-talks-economy-controversy-and-faith-on-gbtv |access-date=May 13, 2013 |publisher=]}}</ref> He believes colleges reinforce ] ] and antagonize religiosity, particularly Christianity, and lists young people's support for abortion, gay marriage, and ] as "symptoms" of indoctrination.<ref>{{cite news |author=Cavan Sieczkowski |date=January 18, 2013 |title=Rick Santorum Blames Gay Marriage, Abortion And Porn Ideals On College Indoctrination |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/18/rick-santorum-blames-gay-marriage-abortion-porn-college-indoctrination_n_2501970.html |access-date=January 20, 2013 |work=]}}</ref>
On the Sunday before the election, Casey responded to the comment, telling Capitolwire: "Who runs a campaign like that? No one believes terrorists are going to be more likely to attack us, because I defeat Rick Santorum. Does even he believe that?"{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}


==Books==
Santorum wrote that many women have disclosed to him that it is more "socially affirming to work outside the home than to give up their careers to take care of their children.... What happened in America so that mothers and fathers who leave their children in the care of someone else - or worse yet, home alone after school between three and six in the afternoon - find themselves more affirmed by society? Here, we can thank the influence of radical feminism."{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}
Santorum has written four books: '']'' (2005);<ref>{{Cite book|author=Rick Santorum|title=It Takes a Family: Conservatism and the Common Good|year=2005|publisher=]|isbn=978-1-932236-29-3|title-link=It Takes a Family}}</ref> ''American Patriots: Answering the Call to Freedom'' (2012);<ref>{{Cite book|author=Rick Santorum|title=American Patriots: Answering the Call to Freedom|year=2012|publisher=]|isbn=978-1414379081}}</ref> ''Blue Collar Conservatives: Recommitting to an America That Works'' (2014);<ref>{{Cite book|author=Rick Santorum|title=Blue Collar Conservatives: Recommitting to an America That Works|year=2014|publisher=]|isbn=978-1621572398}}</ref> and ''Bella's Gift: How One Little Girl Transformed Our Family and Inspired a Nation'' (2015).<ref>{{Cite book|author=Rick Santorum|title=Bella's Gift: How One Little Girl Transformed Our Family and Inspired a Nation|year=2015|publisher=Thomas Nelson |isbn=978-0718021955}}</ref> In addition to Santorum's books, a collection of his speeches as a U.S. senator was published and released by Monument Press in 2005 under the title ''Rick Santorum: A Senator Speaks Out on Life, Freedom, and Responsibility''.
Polls showed many female voters resented this description of why they worked, especially Republican and independent women whose abandonment of Santorum doomed his campaign, reported the online news service Capitolwire, based in Harrisburg.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}
In a question-and-answer session on Aug. 28 at the Pennsylvania speech, Santorum tried again to address the issue and said his problem was that federal taxes now consumed 27 percent of family wages, and the second wage earner in most families made only 25 percent of the first's wages.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}


Santorum also wrote a foreword to ]'s 2006 ''Darwin's Nemesis: Phillip Johnson and the Intelligent Design Movement''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Darwin's Nemesis: Phillip Johnson and the Intelligent Design Movement|year=2006|author=Foreword by Rick Santorum|editor=]|isbn=978-0-8308-2836-4|publisher=IVP Academic|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/darwinsnemes_xxxx_2006_000_10458437}}</ref> and a 2006 autobiography.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Rick Santorum|title=Rick Santorum |year=2005|publisher=Monument Press |isbn=978-0-9769668-0-7}}</ref>
“First, I would say, read the book and I think if you read the book, you can answer the question yourself. Because anyone who has read the book instead of the comments pulled out by the ] about the book, which was four sentences, by the way, in a 430-page book, … would tell you I am supportive of families in a variety of different ways. ... What does the average second-earner in the family make? Twenty five percent of the first earner. ... Because of our tax code, we make it virtually impossible to maintain a standard of living and at the same time, be home with your children. ... Number two, look, I believe that women should have choices when it comes to the workforce. And they should be real choices.
"And look, I came from a family where my mother worked, all her life, made more money than my dad (N.B.: his mother and father were a registered nurse and psychiatrist, respectively). I have more people working in my office who are women, in senior policy positions, than men. So I don’t have a hang-up with women working. I do have a hang-up with the government and others in society not nurturing, supporting and encouraging parents to be home with their kids when they need to be home. And I think we need to do more as a society to help them.”{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}


In ''It Takes a Family'', Santorum argues that the traditional family is the foundation of society. Santorum criticizes alike laissez-faire conservatives and liberal proponents of social welfare for promoting a radical view of autonomy. In particular, he criticizes the "bigs" – "big government, big media, big entertainment, big universities." The book became a '']'' ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://secureapps.libraries.psu.edu/PACFTB/bios/biography.cfm?AuthorID=1530|title=Author biographies|access-date=August 10, 2015|archive-date=January 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130193721/https://secureapps.libraries.psu.edu/PACFTB/bios/biography.cfm?AuthorID=1530|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In the November election, Santorum lost, with 41% of the vote to Casey's 59%,<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.newsmax.com/archives/ic/2006/11/7/220844.shtml| title=Santorum concedes| author=NewsMax.com staff| publisher=NewsMax.com| date=November 7, 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory?id=2636481|title=Republican Sen. Santorum Loses Seat|author=Kimbrly Hefling|agency=Associated Press|date=November 8, 2006|accessdate=2006-11-20}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> the largest margin of defeat ever for an incumbent Republican Senator in Pennsylvania<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thetimes-tribune.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=17442994&BRD=2185&PAG=461&dept_id=415898&rfi=6|title=Casey Dominated Like No One Before| author=Borys Krawczeniuk|publisher=Scranton Times-Tribune| date=November 9, 2006 }}</ref> and the largest margin of defeat for an incumbent Senator since ] lost his reelection bid to ] in ].{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}


''American Patriots'' tells the stories of 25 lesser-known Americans from the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/49260781/ns/today-books/#.UHEk7ZG9KSM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006024006/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/49260781/ns/today-books#.UHEk7ZG9KSM |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 6, 2012 |title=Santorum cites unsung heroes of the American Revolution (book excerpt) |work=] |date=October 2, 2012 |author=Rick Santorum |access-date=January 20, 2013}}</ref> Santorum writes, "Most Americans know something about our Founding Fathers and their role in creating the government of the United States. However, most know little about the day-to-day battles fought by Americans of all backgrounds that paved the way for the high ideals of our founders to be put into practice."<ref name="POLITICOamericanpatriots">. POLITICO. 22 October 2012.</ref> He also writes, "Today we are facing a threat to the very foundation our founders laid. That threat does not come from an alien force but from those who are willing and determined to abandon the concept of God-given rights. Like the royalty during the Revolution, today's elites wish to return to the pre-Revolutionary paradigm in which they, through governmental force, allocate rights and responsibilities."<ref name="POLITICOamericanpatriots"/>
==Post-Senate career==
Before failing to win reelection in 2006, Santorum had frequently been mentioned as a possible ]. Such speculation faded when, during the course of the campaign and in light of unimpressive poll numbers, he declared that, if re-elected, he would serve a full term. After he lost, Santorum once again ruled out a presidential run.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.philly.com/mld/inquirer/news/local/16032443.htm|title=Santorum: No oval office run|author=Carrie Budoff|work=inquirer.com|publisher=]|date=November 17, 2006}}</ref>


''Blue Collar Conservatives'' departs from traditional Republican orthodoxy<ref name="POLITICObluecollar"/> and says that the Republican Party must appeal to ] Americans. He says, "As many as six million blue collar voters stayed home from the polls, and there's good reason to believe that a large majority of them would have voted Republican if they had voted."<ref name="POLITICObluecollar"> POLITICO</ref> Santorum puts forward a recipe for Republican success in which Republicans advocate for workers and not just corporations.<ref name="WTbook">. ''The Washington Times''.</ref> He says that many middle class workers who have been forced into part-time jobs at ] or even into public assistance programs are amenable to the GOP's message if it is presented in relatable terms.<ref name="WTbook"/> He tackles education, saying the current system of government-run schools is a "relic of the late 19th century" and that children should not be pressured into going to college when a job or vocational training would be a better option.<ref name="WTbook"/> He criticizes ] influence in the Republican Party, saying, "There are some in my party who have taken the ideal of individualism to such an extreme that they have forgotten the obligation to look out for our fellow man."<ref name="POLITICObluecollar"/> He says the GOP should be less quick to dismiss concerns over decreasing social and economic mobility, saying that large businesses and stocks are strong, while life has become "a trickle" for workers.<ref name="POLITICObluecollar"/> He questions rich compensation of business executives, and says that while he supports ], Republicans need to look at its impact on the average person and consider whether existing laws are fair.<ref name="POLITICObluecollar"/>
In March 2007 Santorum joined Eckert Seamans Cherin & Mellott, LLC. He will primarily practice law in the firm’s ] and ] offices, where he will provide business and strategic counseling services to the firm's clients. He also joined the ], a D.C.-based conservative ].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=YzBjNzUxODVjNDczMDkwMmU3YjJmYjM2MzVjODQwYmM=|title=Rick’s Return
|author=John J. Miller|work=nationalreview.com|publisher=]|date=January 9, 2007}}</ref> Santorum is also contributor on the ].<ref name="Salena Zito">{{cite news|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/breaking/s_495727.html|title=Santorum to contribute to Fox News|author=Salena Zito|publisher=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review|date=March 1, 2007}}</ref> Santorum also writes an Op/Ed piece titled "The Elephant in the Room" for the Commentary Page of the ].<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Rick Santorum | work = | publisher = ] | date = | url = http://www.philly.com/inquirer/columnists/rick_santorum/ | doi = | accessdate = 2008-04-15}}</ref> Santorum told the '']'' that he would address many geopolitical issues, and then joked, "I don't do ], that's all."<ref name="Salena Zito"/>


In January 2015, Santorum announced ''Bella's Gift: How One Little Girl Transformed Our Family and Inspired a Nation'', a book about his daughter Bella, who lives with a rare genetic condition called ]. The book is authored by Santorum and his wife, Karen Santorum, and co-authored by their daughter, Elizabeth Santorum. It was released February 10, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gretawire.foxnewsinsider.com/2015/01/07/senator-rick-santorum-and-his-wife-have-a-book-coming-out-about-a-special-child-bella/|title=Senator Rick Santorum and his wife have a book coming out about a special child – Bella – Gretawire|work=Gretawire|access-date=August 10, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915063721/http://gretawire.foxnewsinsider.com/2015/01/07/senator-rick-santorum-and-his-wife-have-a-book-coming-out-about-a-special-child-bella/|archive-date=September 15, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
On February 1, 2008, Santorum announced that he would vote for ] in the 2008 Presidential Republican primary race, stating: ''"If you're a Republican, if you're a Republican in the broadest sense, there is only one place to go right now and that's Mitt Romney."''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mittromney.com/News/Press-Releases/ICYMI_Ingraham_Santorum_2.1 |title=Mitt Romney's Free and Strong America PAC |publisher=Mittromney.com |date=2009-11-09 |accessdate=2010-06-18}}</ref>
He has come out as a strong critic of John McCain, questioning his pro-life voting record and whether Sen. McCain holds true conservative values. However, in September 2008, Santorum expressed support for McCain after all, citing ] as a step in the right direction: "Knowing McCain, he's choosing someone in whom he sees a lot of himself...He tries to find people who have a similar head as he does, and if he sees him in ...that gives me a better feel for him and a little more confidence in him."<ref name="lanc333">{{cite web|url=http://articles.lancasteronline.com/local/4/227765 |title=Santorum weighs in on race: Ex-senator changes his stance on McCain |publisher=Articles.lancasteronline.com |date=2008-09-24 |accessdate=2010-06-18}}</ref>


==See also==
On April 12, 2007, political action committee America's Foundation, ] and a former Highmark vice president were fined by the Federal Election Committee for sponsoring Santorum with corporate money.<ref>Santorum fundraising brings fine for Highmark, AP, April 13, 2007. http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07103/777609-28.stm</ref> The problem had been reported by Highmark, which uncovered the matter during an internal review.
{{Portal|Biography|Pennsylvania|Conservatism}}
* ]
* ]
* ]


{{Clear}}
Santorum has been mentioned as a candidate for ] in ].<ref>{{cite news|title=Santorum eyes gubernatorial bud|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/opinion/columnists/whispers/s_530115.html|work=]|date=2007-09-30|accessdate=2008-03-13}}</ref> He has since "quietly but efficiently put his fingerprints on a wide-array of conservative causes in the state."<ref name=pareport2009>{{cite web| title = PA Report 100| work = ]| publisher = Capital Growth, Inc.| date = January 23, 2009| url = http://www.pa-report.com/uploaded_pdf/PA%20Report%20100%20-%20Jan%2023,%202009.pdf|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5j0zKOG5a|archivedate=2009-08-14|format=PDF}}</ref>


==References==
Santorum has said he is considering candidacy for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in the ]. On September 11, 2009, Santorum spoke to a group of Catholic leaders in Orlando, Florida. He told the leaders, "I hate to be calculating, but I see that 2012 is not just throwing somebody out to be eaten, but it's a real opportunity for success." He also scheduled appearances with political non-profit organizations that took place in Iowa on October 1, 2009.<ref>Santorum Admits to Pondering Run for Republican Presidential Nomination - Asks for Prayers September 12, 2009 http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2009/sep/09091202.html</ref><ref>Santorum mulling run for White House: Reports September 12, 2009 http://rawstory.com/blog/2009/09/santorum-mulling-white-house/</ref><ref>
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
Santorum reportedly mulling White House bid, By Tony Romm, The Hill, September 13, 2009 http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/58467-santorum-reportedly-mulling-white-house-bid</ref><ref>Santorum Generates Talk Of White House Run, By Bradley Vasoli, The Bulletin Tuesday, August 18, 2009 http://www.thebulletin.us/articles/2009/08/18/news/local_state/doc4a83001be9708577272980.txt</ref>


<ref name="20mostcorrupt">{{cite web|url=http://www.beyonddelay.org/summaries/santorum.php|title=Sen. Rick Santorum (R-PA)|access-date=July 17, 2007|publisher=Citizens for Ethics|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716180111/http://www.beyonddelay.org/summaries/santorum.php|archive-date=July 16, 2007}}</ref>
Santorum re-iterated his consideration of a 2012 run in a e-mail and letter sent on January 15, 2010 to supporters of his Political Action Committee saying, "After talking it over with my wife Karen and our kids – I am considering putting my name in for the 2012 presidential race. I'm convinced that conservatives need a candidate who will not only stand up for our views, but who can articulate a conservative vision for our country's future," Santorum also writes. "And right now, I just don't see anyone stepping up to the plate. I have no great burning desire to be president, but I have a burning desire to have a different president of the United States" <ref>{{cite news| url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2010/01/15/santorum-says-hes-considering-2012-bid/ | work=CNN | title=Santorum says he's considering 2012 bid | accessdate=May 22, 2010}}</ref>


<ref name="20things">{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/060616/16santorum.htm|title=Nation & World: 20 things about Rick Santorum – ''U.S. News & World Report''|publisher=Usnews.com|date=June 16, 2006|access-date=January 11, 2012}}</ref>
==Bibliography==
* {{Cite book|author=Rick Santorum|title=]|year=2005|publisher=Intercollegiate Studies Institute|isbn=1-932236-29-5}}
* {{Cite book|author=Rick Santorum|title=Rick Santorum|year=2005|publisher=Monument Press|isbn=0-9769668-0-8}}
* {{Cite book|author=Rick Santorum|title=Darwin's Nemesis: Phillip Johnson And the Intelligent Design Movement (foreword)|year=2006|publisher=IVP Academic|isbn=0-8308-2836-2}}


<ref name="a look">{{cite news|title=A look into Santorum's brain|author=John Baer|work=Philadelphia Daily News|date=June 24, 2005|author-link=John Baer (journalist)}}</ref>
==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|2}}


<!----------------------ref name="a tale">{{cite web|last=Lederman|first=Doug|url=http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2006/02/08/naicu|title=A Tale of 2 Speakers|website=Inside Higher Ed|date=February 8, 2006|access-date=January 1, 2012}}</ref------------------>
==External links==

{{Commons category-inline}}
<ref name=AAAS> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060221125539/http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2006/pdf/0219boardstatement.pdf |date=February 21, 2006 }}. ]. February 16, 2006. "... there is no significant controversy within the scientific community about the validity of the theory of evolution. The current controversy surrounding the teaching of evolution is not a scientific one."</ref>
{{Wikiquote}}

{{CongLinks
<ref name="adds">{{cite web|url=http://www.aviationweather.gov/adds/|title=ADDS – Aviation Digital Data Service|publisher=Aviationweather.gov|date=June 24, 2011|access-date=January 9, 2012}}</ref>
| congbio = s000059

| fec = S4PA00063
<ref name="ad shows">{{cite news|url=http://www.centredaily.com/mld/centredaily/15511495.htm |title=Santorum ad shows Casey "campaign team" behind bars |author=Kimberly Hefling |agency=] |date=September 13, 2006 }}{{dead link|date=April 2018|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
| opensecrets = N00001380

| ontheissuespath = Senate/Rick_Santorum.htm
<ref name="after">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/06/us/politics/after-senate-santorums-beneficiaries-became-benefactors.html|title=After Santorum Left Senate, Familiar Hands Reached Out|first1=Mike|last1=McIntire|first2=Michael|last2=Luo|newspaper=]|date=January 6, 2012}}</ref>
}}

* archived columns from 2005 and 2006
<ref name=Allen>{{cite news|url=http://natcath.org/NCR_Online/archives2/2002a/011802/011802f.htm|title=Opus Dei prestige on display at centenary event|author=Allen, John|work=]|volume=38|issue=11|date=January 18, 2002|page=8}}</ref>
* {{OL_author|id=OL1454193A}}

<ref name="aopa">{{cite web|url=http://www.aopa.org/whatsnew/air_traffic/nws.html |title=AOPA Online: Air Traffic Services Brief – National Weather Service Duties Act of 2005 – Santorum Bill S. 786 |publisher=Aopa.org |access-date=January 1, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="asks county">James O'Toole, , ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', September 27, 2006</ref>

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<ref name="bereavement">{{cite news|agency=]|url=http://www.bostonherald.com/news/columnists/view/20220107our_bereavement_is_our_own_jessica_heslam_has_a_message_for_critics_of_santorums_mourning|title=Our bereavement is our own|publisher=Bostonherald.com|date=January 7, 2012|access-date=March 7, 2012}}</ref> -->

<ref name="BloombergJan2012">Heidi Przybyla and Julie Bykowicz, '']'' January 5, 2011</ref>

<ref name="board">{{cite web|url=http://www.uhsinc.com/boardofdirectors_bio.php?i=3|title=Universal Health Services – Board of Directors|publisher=Uhsinc.com|access-date=February 24, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130042055/http://uhsinc.com/boardofdirectors_bio.php?i=3|archive-date=November 30, 2010|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<!-- <ref name="bomb">{{cite news|title=GOP's Santorum says he would bomb Iran's nuclear facilities unless inspectors were allowed in|newspaper=]|location=Minneapolis|agency=]|date=January 1, 2012| url=http://www.startribune.com/136501628.html}}</ref> -->

<ref name="breaks with">{{cite news|title=Santorum Breaks With Christian-Rights Law Center|newspaper=]| date=December 23, 2005|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/22/AR2005122202055.html?nav=rss_politics|access-date =January 2, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="call">{{cite news|url=http://www.ldnews.com/news/ci_4541386|title=Santorum issues GOP call to arms|author=Brad Rhen|work=Lebanon Daily News|date=October 25, 2006|access-date=October 29, 2006|archive-date=November 5, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061105235751/http://www.ldnews.com/news/ci_4541386|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="candidate profile">{{cite news|author=William Petroski|url=http://caucuses.desmoinesregister.com/2011/08/07/santorum-refuses-to-compromise-on-principles|title= Candidate profile: Rick Santorum refuses to compromise on principles|date=August 7, 2011|work=Des Moines Register|access-date=January 16, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="casey widens">{{cite web|title=Casey Widens Lead Over Santorum In Pennsylvania, Quinnipiac University Poll Finds; Voters Lean To Pro-Choice Side Of Abortion Debate|url=http://www.quinnipiac.edu/x1327.xml?ReleaseID=873|publisher=]|date=February 13, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223095612/http://www.quinnipiac.edu/x1327.xml?ReleaseID=873|archive-date=December 23, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

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<ref name="charleslane">{{cite news|last=Lane|first=Charles|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/post/rick-santorums-baby--and-mine/2011/03/04/gIQA0uH1eP_blog.html|title=Rick Santorum's baby-and mine|work=]|date=February 28, 2011|access-date=January 9, 2012}}</ref> -->

<ref name="chris matthews">{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/08/chris-matthews-rick-santorum_n_953581.html|title=Chris Matthews, Rick Santorum argue after Republican debate (video)|work=]|date=September 8, 2011|access-date=January 1, 2012|first=Jack|last=Mirkinson}}</ref>

<ref name="CNN12282011">{{cite news|url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2011/12/28/cnn-poll-romney-on-top-gingrich-fading-santorum-rising-in-iowa/|title=CNN Poll: Romney on top, Gingrich fading & Santorum rising in Iowa|publisher=Politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com|date=December 28, 2011|access-date=January 1, 2012|archive-date=January 1, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101014148/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2011/12/28/cnn-poll-romney-on-top-gingrich-fading-santorum-rising-in-iowa/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="considering bid">{{cite news|url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2010/01/15/santorum-says-hes-considering-2012-bid/|publisher=]|title=Santorum says he's considering 2012 bid|access-date=May 22, 2010|date=January 15, 2010|archive-date=April 28, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100428235049/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2010/01/15/santorum-says-hes-considering-2012-bid/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="contacted google">{{cite web|last=Burns|first=Alexander|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0911/63952.html|title=Rick Santorum contacted Google, says company spreads 'filth'|date=September 20, 2011 |publisher=]|access-date=September 21, 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="daily brief">Ward, Jon. ''Huff Post'', May 8, 2011.</ref>

<ref name="dangerous">{{cite news|last=McKinnon|first=Mark|author-link=Mark McKinnon|title=Santorum Is Dangerous|newspaper=]|date=August 12, 2009|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2009/08/12/santorum-is-dangerous.html|access-date=January 1, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="dems press">{{cite news|url=http://www.yourpennhills.com/pennhillsprogress/article/dems-press-cyber-cost-issue|title=Dems Press Cyber Cost Issue|author=Vera Miller|publisher=Penn Hills Progress|date=September 20, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111004049/http://www.yourpennhills.com/pennhillsprogress/article/dems-press-cyber-cost-issue|archive-date=January 11, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="DMRpoll">{{cite web|url=http://caucuses.desmoinesregister.com/2011/12/31/romney-leads-paul-in-new-des-moines-register-iowa-poll-santorum-surging/|title=Romney leads Paul in new Des Moines Register Iowa Poll; Santorum surges|publisher=Caucuses.desmoinesregister.com|access-date=January 1, 2012}}</ref>

<!--not being used<ref name="donors">{{cite news|url=http://articles.philly.com/2006-08-01/news/25397092_1_carl-romanelli-santorum-supporters-larry-smar|title=Santorum donors give to Green Party. They helped fund a drive to get Carl Romanelli on the ballot, which some say may hurt Bob Casey Jr.|author=Carrie Budoff|work=]|date=August 1, 2006|access-date=January 16, 2012}}</ref --------------->

<ref name="elephant">{{cite web|title=Rick Santorum|work=]|url=http://www.philly.com/inquirer/columnists/rick_santorum/|access-date=April 15, 2008|archive-date=April 6, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406122833/http://www.philly.com/inquirer/columnists/rick_santorum/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<!--not being used<ref name="ellis island">{{cite web|url=http://www.ellisisland.org/search/passRecord.asp?MID=10856814860900318528&LNM=SANTORUM&PLNM=SANTORUM&first_kind=1&last_kind=1&town_kind=0&ship_kind=0&TOWN=null&SHIP=null&RF=10&ETHS=439&pID=601494030437|title=Passenger Record – Pietro Santorumg Nov 20 1923}}</ref>-->

<ref name="endorses corbett">{{cite web|url=http://www.politicspa.com/santorum-endorses-corbett/2225/|title=Santorum endorses Corbett|publisher=PoliticsPA|date=November 17, 2009|access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="experienced">{{cite news|title=Santorum experienced major jump in income after leaving Senate|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/santorum-sees-major-jump-in-income-after-leaving-senate/2012/01/05/gIQAafWycP_story.html|newspaper=]|date=January 5, 2012|first=Philip|last=Rucker}}</ref>

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<ref name="experts">{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/rick-santorum-dead-baby-critics-lambasted-families-grieve/story?id=15306750|title=Experts: Rick Santorum Grief Is Typical, But Taking Body Home, Unusual|publisher=]|date=November 26, 2011|access-date=January 9, 2012}}</ref> -->

<ref name="eyes gubernatorial">{{cite news|title=Santorum eyes gubernatorial bud|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/opinion/columnists/whispers/s_530115.html|work=]|date=September 30, 2007|access-date=March 13, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019042636/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/opinion/columnists/whispers/s_530115.html|archive-date=October 19, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="federal mandate">{{cite web|url=http://ncseprojects.org/webfm_send/329|format=PDF|title=Is There a Federal Mandate to Teach Intelligent Design Creationism?|publisher=]|access-date=October 29, 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="fights">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/01/us/politics/santorum-fights-to-be-heard-amid-republican-din.html?_r=1|work=]|title=Santorum Fights to Be Heard Amid Republican Din|date=September 30, 2011}}</ref>

<!--<ref name="final iowa">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/politics/iowa-caucus/index.html|title=Final Iowa results show Santorum with 34-vote lead|date=January 19, 2012|work=CNNPolitics|publisher=]}}</ref> -->

<ref name="fiscal record">{{cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2012/01/05/rick-santorum-has-blemishes-on-conservative-record?PageNr=1|title=Santorum has blemishes on conservative record. In Congress, Santorum earned reputation as earmark user.|author=Andrew Miga|agency=]|work=]|date=January 5, 2012|access-date=January 13, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="fishers">{{cite web|title=Fishers of Men|url=http://www.catholic.org/featured/headline.php?ID=30|author=Rick Santorum|publisher=Catholic Online|date=July 12, 2002|access-date=August 23, 2006}}</ref>

<ref name="focusing">{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05026/448138.stm|title=Santorum focusing on re-election to Senate, not White House run|author=Maeve Reston|work=]|date=January 26, 2005|archive-date=September 29, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929210424/http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05026/448138.stm}}</ref>

<ref name="fox news">{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/topics/politics/rick-santorum.htm|title=Rick Santorum News and Video|publisher=]|date=April 7, 2010|access-date=January 1, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101034451/http://www.foxnews.com/topics/politics/rick-santorum.htm|archive-date=January 1, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="free and strong">{{cite web|url=http://mittromney.com/News/Press-Releases/ICYMI_Ingraham_Santorum_2.1|title=Mitt Romney's Free and Strong America PAC|publisher=Mittromney.com|date=November 9, 2009|access-date=June 18, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714104409/http://mittromney.com/News/Press-Releases/ICYMI_Ingraham_Santorum_2.1|archive-date=July 14, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name=forbes.com>{{cite news|url=http://www.yorkdispatch.com/pennsylvania/ci_4404075|title=Casey Doubles Lead Over Santorum|author=Kimberly Hefling|work=]|date=September 26, 2006}}</ref>

<ref name="fromthehill">{{cite web|url=http://www.issues.org/issues/18.3/hill.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212111532/http://www.issues.org/issues/18.3/hill.html|archive-date=December 12, 2007|title=Language on evolution attached to education law|work=Issues in Science and Technology|publisher=]|date=Spring 2002|access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref>

<!--<ref name="fundraising">{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07103/777609-28.stm|title=Santorum fundraising brings fine for Highmark|publisher=Post-gazette.com|date=April 13, 2007|access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref> -->
<ref name="future">{{cite web|author=Rick Santorum|url=http://www.townhall.com/columnists/RickSantorum/2005/11/17/the_conservative_future_compassion|title=The Conservative Future: Compassion|date=November 17, 2005|publisher=Townhall.com|access-date=August 23, 2006|archive-date=October 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019203242/http://www.townhall.com/columnists/RickSantorum/2005/11/17/the_conservative_future_compassion|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="google problem">{{cite news|last=Rovzar|first=Chris|url=https://nymag.com/daily/intel/2010/09/does_rick_santorum_really_have.html|title=Does Rick Santorum Really Have a Google Problem?|work=]|date=September 7, 2010|access-date=February 24, 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="green party">{{cite news|title=Green Party hopeful is out; win for Casey|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06277/727247-177.stm|author=James O'Toole|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=October 4, 2006|access-date=January 12, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name=Helf>{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06202/707588-177.stm|title=Santorum says Iran at center of world's conflict|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=July 21, 2006|access-date=January 1, 2012|first=Kimberly|last=Hefling}}</ref>

<ref name="his share">{{cite web|url=http://www.ricksantorum.com/news/2011/06/kathryn-jean-lopez-rick-santorum-has-his-share-believers|title=Kathryn Jean Lopez: Rick Santorum has his share of believers|access-date=January 2, 2012|publisher=ricksantorum.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120133449/http://www.ricksantorum.com/news/2011/06/kathryn-jean-lopez-rick-santorum-has-his-share-believers|archive-date=January 20, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="home school">{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06254/720366-192.stm|title=Editorial: Home school/ Santorum, not the state, should pay Penn Hills|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=September 11, 2006|access-date=January 1, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="hurls">{{cite news|url=http://www.thetimes-tribune.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=17200385&BRD=2185&PAG=461&dept_id=418218&rfi=6|title=Santorum hurls the low hard one|author=Editorial|publisher=]|location=Scranton, Pennsylvania|date=September 15, 2006}}</ref>

<ref name="illiberal">{{cite news|url=http://www.arn.org/docs/ohio/washtimes_santorum031402.htm|title=Illiberal Education in Ohio Schools|author=Rick Santorum|work=The Washington Times|date=March 14, 2002}}</ref>

<ref name="impugns">{{cite news |last1=Eichel |first1=Larry |title=Santorum ad impugns ethics of Casey 'team{{'-}}. It portrays investigated men. None, however, has a formal campaign role |url=http://articles.philly.com/2006-09-14/news/25413197_1_larry-smar-santorum-democrat-bob-casey |access-date=2019-12-16 |work=] |date=14 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130193720/http://articles.philly.com/2006-09-14/news/25413197_1_larry-smar-santorum-democrat-bob-casey |archive-date=2016-01-30 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="in iowa1">{{cite news|url=http://caucuses.desmoinesregister.com/2011/12/12/santorum-in-iowa-catholic-bishops-are-wrong-on-immigration/|title=Santorum in Iowa: Catholic bishops are wrong on immigration &#124; Iowa Caucuses|work=The Des Moines Register|date=December 12, 2011|access-date=June 1, 2015}}</ref> --->

<!--not being used<ref name="in iowa">{{cite news|last=West|first=Paul|url=https://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-santorum-dogged-by-specter-endorsement-in-iowa-20120102,0,7833929.story|title=In Iowa, Specter endorsement haunts Rick Santorum|work=]|date=November 28, 2011|access-date=January 4, 2012}}</ref ------>

<ref name="intelligent design">{{cite web|url=http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/index.php?command=view&program=CSC&id=1484|title=Intelligent Design, Freedom, & Education|author=Phillip E. Johnson|date=May 9, 2003|publisher=Breakpoint.org and ] News|access-date=August 23, 2006|author-link=Phillip E. Johnson|archive-date=September 30, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930025247/http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/index.php?command=view&program=CSC&id=1484|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="intelligent judging">{{cite journal|doi=10.1056/NEJMlim055660|title=Intelligent Judging – Evolution in the Classroom and the Courtroom|year=2006|last1=Annas|first1=George J.|journal=]|volume=354|issue=21|pages=2277–81|pmid=16723620|url=https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/1287| issn = 0028-4793 }}</ref>

<ref name="iraqi chemical">{{cite web|title=Report on Iraqi Chemical Munitions|url=http://santorum.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=1078|date=June 21, 2006|access-date=September 13, 2006|format=PDF|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924010716/http://santorum.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=1078|archive-date=September 24, 2006|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="issues">{{cite web|url=http://www.ricksantorum.com/Issues/Read.aspx?ID=6|title=On the Issues|publisher=RickSantorum.com|access-date=August 23, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060711215552/http://www.ricksantorum.com/Issues/Read.aspx?ID=6|archive-date=July 11, 2006}}</ref>

<ref name="it takes">{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4784905|title=Rick Santorum, 'It Takes a Family'|work=Interview with Rick Santorum|publisher=] ]|date=August 4, 2005}}</ref>

<ref name="joyner2007">{{cite news|last=Joyner|first=James|title=Santorum Ouster Means End of Senate Candy Desk|url=http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/santorum_ouster_means_end_of_senate_candy_desk/|newspaper=Outside the Beltway|date=January 5, 2007}}</ref>

<ref name="k street">Josh Hicks (January 9, 2012). . '']''.</ref>

<!--<ref name=Khan>{{cite news|title=Karen Santorum: Gay Activists Have 'Vilified' My Husband|author=Khan, Naureen|work=National Journal |date=January 16, 2012}}</ref> -->

<ref name="kidding">{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06258/722043-153.stm|title=Santorum has got to be kidding|publisher=Post-gazette.com|date=September 15, 2006|access-date=January 1, 2012|first=Tony|last=Norman}}</ref>

<ref name="kitzmiller_pg89">]. p. 89. "ID's backers have sought to avoid the scientific scrutiny ... by advocating that the ''controversy'', but not ID itself, should be taught in science class. This tactic is at best disingenuous ..."</ref>

<ref name="lanc333">{{cite web|url=http://articles.lancasteronline.com/local/4/227765|title=Santorum weighs in on race|work=Lancaster Online|date=September 24, 2008|access-date=June 18, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130127113932/http://articles.lancasteronline.com/local/4/227765|archive-date=January 27, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="language">{{cite web|url=http://www.discovery.org/articleFiles/PDFs/santorumLanguageShouldGuide.pdf|title=Why the Santorum Language Should Guide State Science Education Standards|author=Bruce Chapman|author2=David DeWolf|publisher=]|access-date=August 23, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928195043/http://www.discovery.org/articleFiles/PDFs/santorumLanguageShouldGuide.pdf|archive-date=September 28, 2006|df=mdy-all|author-link=Bruce Chapman}}</ref>

<ref name="lawmakers cite">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/21/AR2006062101837.html|title=Lawmakers Cite Weapons Found in Iraq|date=June 23, 2006|newspaper=]|author=Dafna Linzer}}</ref>

<!--not usedref name="lawyer">{{cite news|url=http://www.philly.com/mld/inquirer/news/local/states/pennsylvania/counties/montgomery_county/15524018.htm |title=Lawyer: Green candidate's Senate petition is invalid |author=Martha Raffaele |agency=] |work=] |date=September 14, 2006 }}{{dead link|date=November 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>-->

<ref name="legacy1">{{cite web|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/islandpacket/obituary-preview.aspx?n=aldo-santorum&pid=147937816|title=Aldo Santorum Obituary|publisher=Legacy.com|access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="letters">{{cite book|title=Letters to Gabriel|author=Karen Garver Santorum|year=1998|publisher=CCC of America|isbn=978-1-56814-528-0|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/letterstogabriel0000sant}}</ref>

<ref name="lobbyists"> '']'' January 29, 2006</ref>

<ref name="long on substance">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/rick-santorum-is-long-on-substance-short-on-support/2011/12/13/gIQAYs7swO_story.html|title= Rick Santorum is long on substance, short on support|author= Melinda Henneberger|date=December 15, 2011|access-date=January 9, 2012|newspaper=]}}</ref>

<ref name="loses bid">{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05193/536563.stm|title=Penn Hills loses bid to charge Santorum for online school tuition|author=Amy McConnell Schaarsmith|work=]|date=July 12, 2005}}</ref>

<ref name="Magnet">Butler Senior High School classbook, ''The Magnet'', 1975</ref>

<ref name="mccain">Summers, Juana (May 17, 2011). . ''Politico''.</ref>

<ref name="mother's descent">{{cite web|url=http://santorum.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=AboutRickSantorum.Biography&CFID=11631531&CFTOKEN=17630065|title=The Senator's Biography|work=Santorum's Senate website|access-date=December 30, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230084254/http://santorum.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=AboutRickSantorum.Biography&CFID=11631531&CFTOKEN=17630065|archive-date=December 30, 2006}};<br />
{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dGwyAAAAIBAJ&pg=1572,4682192&dq=rick-santorum+italian+irish&hl=en|title=Big Profile, Big Target|author=Steve Goldstein|work=Beaver County Times|date=April 17, 2005}}<br />
{{cite web|url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~battle/senators/santorum.htm|title=Santorum genealogy|publisher=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com|access-date=June 18, 2010}};<br />{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-BcYAQAAMAAJ&q=Catherine+%22Keane+%22+%22Dughi+%22|title=The Pennsylvania Manual|publisher=Dept. of General Services for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania|date=January 6, 2011|access-date=July 22, 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="msnbc">{{cite web|url=http://elections.msnbc.msn.com/ns/politics/candidate/Rick-Santorum/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122191651/http://elections.msnbc.msn.com/ns/politics/candidate/Rick-Santorum/|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 22, 2011|title=Candidate bio – Rick Santorum|publisher=]|access-date=March 7, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="nejm">George J. Annas (May 25, 2006).. '']''. '''354''':2277–2281. "... as long as the controversy is taught in classes on current affairs, politics, or religion, and not in science classes, neither scientists nor citizens should be concerned."</ref>

<ref name="national weather">{{cite web|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c109:S.786:|title=National Weather Services Duties Act of 2005 (Introduced in Senate)|access-date=August 23, 2006|date=April 21, 2005|archive-date=December 18, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218191714/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c109:S.786:|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<!-------------ref name="new american">{{cite web|url=http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-36635/The-new-American-McCarthyism-policing.html|title=The new American McCarthyism: policing thought about the Middle East. &#124; Goliath Business News|publisher=Goliath.ecnext.com|access-date=January 1, 2012}}</ref---------------------->

<ref name="news google 2">{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NcAqAAAAIBAJ&pg=1645,3648292&dq=rick+santorum&hl=en|title=''The Pittsburgh Press'', November 7, 1990|access-date=January 4, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="news google 3">{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ImQwAAAAIBAJ&pg=3045,1604282&dq=rick+santorum&hl=en|title=Santorum elated at upset victory to win 18th District seat in Congress|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=November 7, 1990|access-date=January 4, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="news google 4">{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dH5eAAAAIBAJ&pg=5824,1966913&dq=rick+santorum&hl=en|title=Santorum, Klink win House races|work=Observer Reporter|date=November 4, 1992|location=Washington, Pennsylvania|access-date=January 4, 2012}}</ref>

<!------ref name="newspapers">{{cite web|url=http://www.hillel.org/about/news/2003/20030429_newspapers.htm|title=Newspapers, Web Pages Distort Meeting|publisher=Hillel.org|access-date=January 1, 2012}}</ref------->

<ref name="no child">{{cite news|last = Santorum| first = Rick| title = No child left behind act of 2001—conference report| newspaper = ]| page = S13377|date = December 18, 2001| url = http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-2001-12-18/html/CREC-2001-12-18-pt1-PgS13365-8.htm|access-date =January 2, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="no oval">{{cite news|url=http://www.philly.com/mld/inquirer/news/local/16032443.htm |title=Santorum: No oval office run |author=Carrie Budoff |work=] |date=November 17, 2006 }}{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

<ref name="no such">{{cite news| last1 = Johnson| first1 = Brad| last2 = Somanader| first2 = Tanya|title = Santorum: 'There's no such thing as global warming{{'-}}| newspaper = ]| date = June 24, 2011| url = http://www.grist.org/climate-change/2011-06-24-rick-santorum-glenn-beck-global-warming-skeptic-hoax| access-date =January 2, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="old loss">Naftali Bendavid (January 7, 2012). . '']''.</ref>

<ref name="on iran">{{cite web|url=http://www.pjvoice.com/v16/16105santorum.html|title=Rick Santorum On Iran: His record does not match his rhetoric|work=]|author=Bonnie Squires|author2=Dan Loeb |date=September 18, 2006|access-date=September 22, 2006}}</ref>

<ref name="outside">{{cite news|url=http://www.nysun.com/article/41237|title=Outside Santorum's Sanctum|author=Jerry Bowyer|work=New York Sun|date=October 10, 2006|access-date=November 9, 2006|archive-date=January 19, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119235739/http://www.nysun.com/article/41237|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="pa manual"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612124555/http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_94664_18197_1296_244768_43/http;/pubcontent.state.pa.us/publishedcontent/publish/cop_general_government_operations/dgs/community_content/publications_and_media_services/subcommunities/publications/portlets/section_eight/vol_116___sec_8___us_legislative_branch.pdf |date=June 12, 2012 }}, Vol 116, Section Eight: The Federal Government, pp. 8–11, 2003. Retrieved 2013-05-05.</ref>

<ref name=pareport2003>{{cite web|title=The PA Report "Power 75" List|work=Pennsylvania Report|publisher=Capital Growth, Inc.|date= January 31, 2003|url= http://www.pa-report.com/uploaded_pdf/PAReportPower75_.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060920200116/http://www.pa-report.com/uploaded_pdf/PAReportPower75_.pdf|archive-date=September 20, 2006 }}</ref>

<ref name=pareport2009>{{cite web|title= PA Report 100|work=Pennsylvania Report|publisher=Capital Growth, Inc.|date= January 23, 2009|url= http://www.pa-report.com/uploaded_pdf/PA%20Report%20100%20-%20Jan%2023,%202009.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807214201/http://www.pa-report.com/uploaded_pdf/PA%20Report%20100%20-%20Jan%2023%2C%202009.pdf|url-status= dead|archive-date=August 7, 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="patownhall">{{cite web|url=http://www.patownhall.com/article.php?id=5860|title=Pennsylvania Town Hall – Pennsylvania's Marketplace of Ideas|publisher=Patownhall.com|date=January 15, 2011|access-date=January 1, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="playing tricks">Carter Eskew (January 2, 2011). . ''The Washington Post''.</ref>

<ref name="plays down">Dan Eggen; Carol D. Leonnig ( January 5, 2012). . '']''.</ref>

<ref name="political alumni">{{cite news|author=Tony Scifo|work=Daily Herald|title=Carmel's political alumni return for chat with students Carmel High School|date=November 5, 1996}}</ref>

<ref name="politics news">{{cite web |url=http://www.theindychannel.com/politics/29509111/detail.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120526074333/http://www.theindychannel.com/politics/29509111/detail.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 26, 2012 |title=Rick Santorum – Politics News Story – WRTV Indianapolis |publisher=Theindychannel.com |date=October 17, 2011 |access-date=January 9, 2012 }}</ref>

<ref name="political theater">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/29/opinion/29brooks.html|title=Political Theater and the Real Rick Santorum|work=]|date=October 29, 2006|first=David|last=Brooks}}</ref>

<ref name="post gazette1">{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06300/733425-177.stm|title=Santorum: Casey lacking on security|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=October 27, 2006|access-date=January 2, 2012|first=Martha|last=Raffaele}}</ref>

<ref name="post gazette">{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PG&p_theme=pg&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EADF87B2BB26FA2&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|date=November 26, 1995 |access-date=January 1, 2012|title=Santorum says he's in no hurry to back candidate|first1=Frank |last1=Reeves|first2=Jack |last2=Torry|first3=Peter J. |last3=Shelly|work=Pittsburgh Post–Gazette }}</ref>

<ref name=PPG1006>Toland, Bill (October 13, 2006). . '']''.</ref>

<ref name="pro labor">Greg Giroux; Heidi Przybyla (January 4, 2012). . ].</ref>

<ref name="psychologist">{{cite web |last=Zito |first=Salena |url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/obituaries/news/s_719135.html |title=Psychologist Aldo Santorum devoted career to fellow veterans |work=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review |date=January 21, 2011 |access-date=January 2, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114035216/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/obituaries/news/s_719135.html |archive-date=January 14, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="rasvuln">{{cite web|title=Pennsylvania Senate: Casey by 23 Santorum Remains Most Vulnerable Incumbent|url=http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections2/election_2006/senate_races/pennsylvania_senate_casey_by_23|publisher=]|date=May 31, 2006}}</ref>

<ref name="reaffirms">{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/06/rick-santorum-reaffirms-commitment-to-social-conservative-cause/ |title=Rick Santorum Reaffirms Commitment to Social Conservative Cause |work=] |date=June 4, 2011|access-date=January 1, 2012}}</ref>

<!--not being used<ref name="rebuttal">Santorum, Rick (September 7, 2006). . ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette''</ref ------->

<ref name="record on fiscal">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/post/santorums-record-on-fiscal-policy-fact-checker-biography/2012/01/08/gIQAlC5DmP_blog.html|title=Santorum's record on fiscal policy (Fact Checker biography)|author=Josh Hicks|date=January 10, 2012|newspaper=]|access-date=January 13, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="reportedly">{{cite news|last=Romm|first=Tony|url=https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/50128-santorum-reportedly-mulling-white-house-bid/|title=Santorum reportedly mulling White House bid|work=]|access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="responds">{{cite web|url=http://www.wtae.com/r/9307863/detail.html|title=Santorum Responds To Walgren's Residency Rip|publisher=WTAE|date=June 1, 2006|access-date=January 1, 2012}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

<ref name="return">{{cite news|url=http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=YzBjNzUxODVjNDczMDkwMmU3YjJmYjM2MzVjODQwYmM=|title=Rick's Return. Life after the Senate for Santorum|author=John J. Miller|work=]|date=January 9, 2007|access-date=January 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225025803/http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=YzBjNzUxODVjNDczMDkwMmU3YjJmYjM2MzVjODQwYmM=|archive-date=February 25, 2009|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="rivals">{{cite news|title=Rivals set to pounce on Santorum's past|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-campaign-santorum-newspro-idUSTRE8040RV20120105|work=]|date=January 5, 2012|author=Marcus Stern and Kristina Cooke|access-date=January 6, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="rollcall">{{cite web|url=http://www.rollcall.com/issues/56_84/-203455-1.html|title=Santorum Talks About Longtime Google Problem|publisher=Roll Call|access-date=February 24, 2011|date=February 15, 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="romney beats">{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/iowa-caucus-results-mitt-romney-beats-rick-santorum-by-8-votes/|title=Iowa caucus results: Mitt Romney beats Rick Santorum by 8 votes|last=Condon|first=Stephanie|date=January 4, 2011|access-date=January 4, 2011|work=]}}</ref>

<ref name="rush limbaugh 2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.rushlimbaugh.com/home/eibessential/eib_interviews/senator_rick_santorum_.guest.html |title=Senator Rick Santorum (Interview) |publisher=RushLimbaugh.com |date=July 21, 2005 |access-date=August 23, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612233738/http://www.rushlimbaugh.com/home/eibessential/eib_interviews/senator_rick_santorum_.guest.html |archive-date=June 12, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="rush limbaugh 2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.rushlimbaugh.com/daily/2011/06/08/the_rick_santorum_interview|title=The Rick Santorum Interview|publisher=RushLimbaugh.com|date=June 8, 2011|access-date=January 4, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="Salena Zito">{{cite news|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/breaking/s_495727.html|title=Santorum to contribute to Fox News|author=Salena Zito|work=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review|date=March 1, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304072207/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/breaking/s_495727.html|archive-date=March 4, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="savage">{{cite web|last=Savage|first=Dan|url=http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/SavageLove?oid=14267|title=Bill, Ashton, Rick|work=The Stranger|date=May 15, 2003|access-date=January 9, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="school flap">{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Reynolds|title=Santorum school flap continues|date=November 19, 2004|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_274635.html|work=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review|access-date=April 25, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514201908/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_274635.html|archive-date=May 14, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="shame">{{cite news|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/moore/moore200404150838.asp|title=Santorum's Shame|author=Stephen Moore|work=National Review|date=April 15, 2004}}</ref>

<!--<ref name="social conservatives">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/286341/social-conservatives-rally-santorum-katrina-trinko|title=Social Conservatives Rally to Santorum|author=Katrina Trinka|work=National Review|date=December 20, 2011|access-date=January 4, 2012}}</ref> -->

<ref name="sokolove">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/22/magazine/22SANTORUM.html?pagewanted=all|author=Michael Sokolove|date= May 22, 2005|title=The Believer|work=] Magazine|access-date=January 11, 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="some gop">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/09/AR2005090901930.html|title=Some GOP Legislators Hit Jarring Notes in Addressing Katrina|newspaper=]|date=September 10, 2005|access-date=January 1, 2012|first=Charles|last=Babington}}</ref>

<!--<ref name="social conservatives">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/286341/social-conservatives-rally-santorum-katrina-trinko|title=Social Conservatives Rally to Santorum|work=National Review|date=December 20, 2011|access-date=January 4, 2012}}</ref> -->

<ref name="sovereign">{{cite web|url=http://www.maltausa.org/files/newsletter_hospitallers_04.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712090749/http://www.maltausa.org/files/newsletter_hospitallers_04.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 12, 2012 |title=Hospitallers|publisher=Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and Malta|volume=1|date=Winter 2004–2005|access-date=August 25, 2006}}</ref>

<ref name="state pays">{{cite news|title=State Pays Penn Hills Schools In Santorum Dispute|date=September 13, 2006|url=http://www.thepittsburghchannel.com/news/9837498/detail.html?rss=pit&psp=news&synd=myabc|work=WTAE-TV|access-date=April 25, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927003415/http://www.thepittsburghchannel.com/news/9837498/detail.html?rss=pit&psp=news&synd=myabc|archive-date=September 27, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="teach">{{cite news|url=http://santorum.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressOffice.View&ContentRecord_id=1111&CFID=13969409&CFTOKEN=89968827|title=Teach the Controversy|author=Rick Santorum|work=Allentown Morning Call|date=January 14, 2005}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

<ref name="the lip">{{cite journal|title=Rick the lip, wrong Paige, and the plumed Knight|last=Doerr|first=Edd|journal=The Humanist|volume=63|issue=4|date=July–August 2003|page=42|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1374/is_4_63/ai_104971404/}}</ref>

<!--not being used<ref name=thetimestribune.com>{{cite news|url=http://www.thetimes-tribune.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=17296894&BRD=2185&PAG=461&dept_id=415898&rfi=6|title=Ousted Romanelli Now Faces Money Problems|author=Elizabeth Skrapets|work=]|location=Scranton, Pennsylvania|date=October 7, 2006}}</ref------------->

<ref name="toeplitz1">{{cite news|last=Toeplitz|first=Shira|title=Mark Kirk: Senate candy man|url=http://www.politico.com/blogs/glennthrush/0211/Mark_Kirk_Senate_candy_man.html|newspaper=]|date=February 13, 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="transcript">{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna14568263|title=Meet the Press transcript|publisher=]|date=September 13, 2006}}</ref>

<ref name="trying again">{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/nation/20030418santorumnat2p2.asp|title=Santorum trying again on Syria sanctions bill|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=April 18, 2003|access-date=January 1, 2012|first1=James|last1=O'Toole}}</ref>

<ref name="wapostslevin">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A32444-2005Mar13.html|title=Battle on Teaching Evolution Sharpens|author=Peter Slevin|newspaper=]|date=March 14, 2005}}</ref>

<!--<ref name="warn voters">{{cite news|last=Murray|first=Sara|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2012/01/01/romney-santorum-warn-voters-on-iran/|title=Romney, Santorum Warn Voters on Iran|work=Washington Wire|date=January 1, 2012|access-date=January 4, 2012}}</ref> -->

<ref name="weak field">] (October 24, 2011). . ''Commentary''.</ref>

<ref name="we'd like">{{cite web|url=http://alumniweb.oru.edu/oru%20alumni/right106.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216033341/http://alumniweb.oru.edu/oru%20alumni/right106.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 16, 2006 |title=We'd Like Some Answers Origin of man, universe continues to cause debate |work=Alumni News Stories |publisher=] Alumni Foundation |access-date=August 23, 2006 }}</ref>

<!-------------ref name="welfare reform">{{cite news|url=http://caucuses.desmoinesregister.com/2011/08/07/santorum-refuses-to-compromise-on-principles/|title=Candidate profile: Rick Santorum refuses to compromise on principles|work=The Des Moines Register|access-date=January 4, 2012}}</ref------------------------------->

<ref name="wmdiraq">{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/report-hundreds-of-wmds-found-in-iraq |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424081106/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C200499%2C00.html |archive-date=April 24, 2008 |title=Report: Hundreds of WMDs Found in Iraq |publisher=] |date=June 22, 2006 |access-date=November 1, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="wrecking ball">{{cite news|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/santorum200507190728.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060101000045/http://nationalreview.com/comment/santorum200507190728.asp|archive-date=1 January 2006|title=The Constitutional Wrecking Ball|author=Rick Santorum|work=]|date=July 19, 2005}}</ref>


<!------------------ref name=yearbook>{{cite web|title =Keystone State Yearbook Committee|work=]|publisher=The Publius Group|year=2001|url=http://www.politicspa.com/yearbookcommittee.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020803170058/http://www.politicspa.com/yearbookcommittee.htm|archive-date=August 3, 2002 }}</ref------------------------------->
===Articles===
* , Dougherty, Michael. ''Santorum Against the World''
* ''TownHall.com'', November 17, 2005
* ''USA Today'', April 23, 2003
* ''ABC Primetime'', November 10, 2005
* ''Washington Post'', March 7, 2006


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* , ''ABC Primetime'', November 10, 2005
* , ''The Washington Post'', March 7, 2006
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109170620/http://www.amconmag.com/2007/2007_07_30/feature.html |date=January 9, 2009 }}, Michael Dougherty, '']'', July 30, 2007

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Latest revision as of 19:24, 4 January 2025

American politician and commentator (born 1958)

Rick Santorum
Santorum in 2017
Chair of the Senate Republican Conference
In office
January 3, 2001 – January 3, 2007
LeaderTrent Lott
Bill Frist
Preceded byConnie Mack III
Succeeded byJon Kyl
United States Senator
from Pennsylvania
In office
January 3, 1995 – January 3, 2007
Preceded byHarris Wofford
Succeeded byBob Casey Jr.
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Pennsylvania's 18th district
In office
January 3, 1991 – January 3, 1995
Preceded byDoug Walgren
Succeeded byMike Doyle
Personal details
BornRichard John Santorum
(1958-05-10) May 10, 1958 (age 66)
Winchester, Virginia, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouse Karen Garver ​(m. 1990)
Children8
EducationPennsylvania State University (BA)
University of Pittsburgh (MBA)
Dickinson School of Law (JD)
Signature
Websitewww.ricksantorum.com Edit this at Wikidata
Rick Santorum's voice Rick Santorum on necessary actions after the September 11 attacks
Recorded September 12, 2001

Richard John Santorum (/sænˈtɔːrəm/ san-TOR-əm; born May 10, 1958) is an American politician, attorney, author, and political commentator who represented Pennsylvania in the United States Senate from 1995 to 2007. He was the Senate's third-ranking Republican during the final six years of his tenure. He also ran unsuccessfully for president of the United States in the 2012 Republican primaries, finishing second to Mitt Romney.

Santorum was elected to the United States Senate from Pennsylvania in 1994. He served two terms until losing his 2006 reelection bid to his opponent, Bob Casey. A Roman Catholic, Santorum is a social conservative who opposes abortion and same-sex marriage and embraced a cultural warrior image during his Senate tenure. While serving as a senator, Santorum authored the Santorum Amendment, which would have promoted the teaching of intelligent design. He was a leading sponsor of the 2003 federal law known as the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act.

In the years following his departure from the Senate, Santorum has worked as a consultant, private practice lawyer, and news contributor. He ran for the Republican nomination in the 2012 U.S. presidential election. Before suspending his campaign on April 10, 2012, Santorum exceeded expectations by winning 11 primaries and caucuses and receiving nearly four million votes, making him the runner-up to eventual nominee Mitt Romney. Santorum ran for president again in 2016, but ended his campaign in February 2016 after a poor showing in the Iowa caucuses. In January 2017, he became a CNN senior political commentator. However, he was terminated from his contract with CNN in May 2021 due to comments he made about Native Americans a few weeks prior which were deemed "dismissive".

Early life and education

Richard John Santorum was born in Winchester, Virginia. He is the second of the three children of Aldo Santorum (1923–2011), a clinical psychologist who immigrated to the United States at age seven from Riva, Trentino, Italy, and Catherine (Dughi) Santorum (1918–2019), an administrative nurse who was of Italian and Irish ancestry.

Santorum grew up in Berkeley County, West Virginia, and Butler County, Pennsylvania. In West Virginia, his family lived in an apartment provided by the Veterans Administration. Santorum attended elementary school at Butler Catholic School and then went on to Butler Senior High School. He was nicknamed "Rooster", supposedly for both a cowlick strand of hair and an assertive nature, particularly on important political issues. After his parents transferred to the Naval Station Great Lakes in northern Illinois, Santorum attended the Carmel High School in Mundelein, Illinois, for one year, graduating in 1976.

Santorum attended Pennsylvania State University for his undergraduate studies, serving as chairman of the university's College Republicans chapter and graduating with a B.A. degree with honors in political science in 1980. While at Penn State, Santorum joined the Tau Epsilon Phi fraternity. He then completed a one-year M.B.A. program at the University of Pittsburgh's Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business, graduating in 1981. In 1986, Santorum received a J.D. degree with honors from Dickinson School of Law.

Early career

Santorum first became actively involved in politics in the 1970s through volunteering for Senator John Heinz, a Republican from Pennsylvania (whose seat Santorum himself would later occupy). Additionally, while in law school, Santorum was an administrative assistant to Republican state senator Doyle Corman, serving as Executive Director of the Pennsylvania Senate Local Government Committee from 1981 to 1984, then Executive Director of the Senate Transportation Committee.

After graduating, Santorum was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar and practiced law for four years at the Pittsburgh law firm Kirkpatrick & Lockhart, a firm known for raising political candidates and lobbyists (later named K&L Gates). As an associate, he successfully lobbied on behalf of the World Wrestling Federation to deregulate professional wrestling, arguing that it should be exempt from federal anabolic steroid regulations because it was entertainment, not a sport. Santorum left his private law practice in 1990 after his election to the House of Representatives.

U.S. House of Representatives (1991–1995)

Representative Santorum in 1991. Representatives Frank Riggs and John Boehner stand behind him.

Having been groomed by Kirkpatrick & Lockhart, Santorum decided Democratic congressman Doug Walgren was vulnerable, and took up residence in Walgren's district. Needing money and political support, he courted GOP activist and major donor Elsie Hillman, the chair of the state Republican Party. In 1990, at age 32, Santorum was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives to represent Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district, located in the eastern suburbs of Pittsburgh. He scored a significant upset in the heavily Democratic district, defeating seven-term Democratic incumbent Doug Walgren by a 51% to 49% margin. During his campaign Santorum repeatedly criticized Walgren for living outside the district for most of the year. Although the 18th District was redrawn for the 1992 elections, and the new district had a 3:1 ratio of registered Democrats to Republicans, Santorum still won reelection with 61% of the vote.

In 1993, Santorum was one of 17 House Republicans who sided with most Democrats to support legislation that prohibited employers from permanently replacing striking employees. He also joined a minority of Republicans to vote against the North American Free Trade Agreement that year. As a member of the Gang of Seven, Santorum was involved in exposing members of Congress involved in the House banking scandal.

U.S. Senate (1995–2007)

Elections

Senate portrait, 1995

Santorum served in the United States Senate representing Pennsylvania from 1995 to 2007. From 2001 until 2007, he was the Senate's third-ranking Republican. He was first elected to the Senate during the 1994 Republican takeover, narrowly defeating incumbent Democrat Harris Wofford, 49% to 47%. The theme of Santorum's 1994 campaign signs was "Join the Fight!" During the race, he was considered an underdog, as his opponent was 32 years his senior. He was reelected in 2000, defeating U.S. congressman Ron Klink by a 52% to 46% margin. In his reelection bid of 2006, he lost to Democrat Bob Casey, Jr. by a 59% to 41% margin.

Tenure

After his election to the Senate in 1994, Santorum sought to "practice what preached" and hired five people for his staff who were on welfare, food stamps, or other government aid.

In 1996, Santorum served as Chairman of the Republican Party Task Force on Welfare Reform, and contributed to legislation that became the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act. Santorum was an author and the floor manager of the bill. In 1996, Santorum endorsed moderate Republican Arlen Specter in his short-lived campaign for president. Reporters have observed that though Santorum and Specter differed on social policy, Specter provided him with key political staff for his successful run in 1994.

The National Taxpayers Union, a fiscal conservative organization, gave Santorum an "A−" score for his votes on fiscal issues, meaning that he was one of "the strongest supporters of responsible tax and spending policies" during his tenure, and ranked fifth in the group's rankings out of 50 senators who served at the same time.

Legislative proposals

Religious freedom initiatives

Santorum, Sen. Arlen Specter, and Rep. John Murtha watch President George W. Bush sign the Flight 93 National Memorial Act.
Santorum, at right, alongside seven other members of Congress and the Secretary of the Interior as President George W. Bush signs H.R. 6111, the Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006
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In 2002, Santorum was a co-sponsor of that year's attempt to pass the Workplace Religious Freedom Act (WRFA). The bill had first been introduced in the Senate by Senator John Kerry (D-MA) in 1996, having been introduced in the House by Rep. Jerrold Nadler (D-NY) in 1994. Although Santorum was in the Senate at the time, he was not a sponsor of the bill when it was introduced in 1996, or when it was reintroduced in 1997 and 1999. Once signed on as a co-sponsor, Santorum remained so throughout his tenure in the Senate.

Santorum founded the Congressional Working Group on Religious Freedom in 2003. The group included members of both the Senate and the House of Representatives, and met monthly to address issues such as the Workplace Religious Freedom Act, tax-exempt status for churches, the CARE act, international religious freedom, and antisemitism.

Teaching of evolution and intelligent design

Main article: Santorum Amendment

Santorum added to the 2001 No Child Left Behind bill a provision that would have provided more freedom to schools in teaching about the origins of life, including the teaching of the pseudoscience of intelligent design alongside evolution. The bill, with the Santorum Amendment included, passed the Senate 91–8 and was hailed as a victory by intelligent design promoters, but before it became law, scientific and educational groups successfully urged its conference committee to strike the Santorum Amendment from the final version. Intelligent design supporters in Congress then preserved the language of the Santorum Amendment in the conference committee report of the bill's legislative history. The Discovery Institute and other intelligent design proponents point to this report as "a clear endorsement by Congress of the importance of teaching a variety of scientific views about the theory of evolution."

In 2002, Santorum called intelligent design "a legitimate scientific theory that should be taught in science classes", but by 2005 he had adopted the Teach the Controversy approach. He told National Public Radio, "I'm not comfortable with intelligent design being taught in the science classroom. What we should be teaching are the problems and holes ... in the theory of evolution." Later that year, Santorum resigned from the advisory board of the Christian-rights Thomas More Law Center after the Center's lawyers lost a case representing a school board that had required the teaching of intelligent design. Santorum, who had previously supported the school board's policy, indicated he had not realized that certain members of the board had been motivated by religious beliefs. Santorum critics said he was backtracking from his earlier position because he was facing a tough reelection fight in 2006. When asked in November 2011 about his views on evolution, Santorum stated that he believes that evolution occurred on a tiny, micro level.

National Weather Service Duties Act

Main article: National Weather Service Duties Act of 2005

Santorum introduced the National Weather Service Duties Act of 2005, which aimed to prohibit the National Weather Service from releasing weather data to the public without charge where private-sector entities perform the same function commercially. The Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association was organizing a lobbying effort in opposition to the legislation, but it never passed committee. The motivations for the bill were controversial, as employees of AccuWeather, a commercial weather company based in Pennsylvania, donated $10,500 to Santorum and his PAC. The liberal advocacy group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington cited the bill as one of several reasons for listing Santorum as one of its "most corrupt politicians". In support of the bill, Santorum criticized the National Weather Service in September 2005, saying its evacuation warnings for Hurricane Katrina were "insufficient".

Foreign policy

Santorum supports the War on Terror and shares the views of neoconservatives and the Bush Doctrine in regard to foreign policy. He felt the War in Iraq was justified and in 2006 declared that weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) had been found in Iraq. Santorum made the declaration regarding WMDs based in part on declassified portions of the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command. The report stated that coalition forces had recovered approximately 500 weapons munitions that contain degraded or vacant mustard or sarin nerve agent casings. The specific weapons he referred to were chemical munitions dating back to the Iran–Iraq War that were buried in the early 1990s. The report stated that while agents had degraded to an unknown degree, they remained dangerous and possibly lethal. Officials of the Department of Defense, CIA intelligence analysts, and the White House have all explicitly stated that these expired casings were not part of the WMDs threat that the Iraq War was launched to contain.

Santorum has said the war on terror can be won and is optimistic about U.S. involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan in the long term. He has defended the treatment of prisoners in Guantanamo Bay, including waterboarding, and stated that John McCain, who opposed the practice, "doesn't understand how enhanced interrogation works." Santorum called the War in Afghanistan "a very winnable operation" in 2012, dismissing efforts for withdrawal by 2014. He similarly criticized President Obama's foreign policy, saying he was "not focused on trying to win the war" in Afghanistan, and said he was against any withdrawal in Iraq in 2012, saying, "We want victory."

Santorum supports U.S. political intervention and economic sanctions against state sponsors of terrorism. He views "Islamic fascism" in Iran as the center of the "world's conflict", and his geopolitical strategy for peace involves the United States promoting "a strong Lebanon, a strong Israel, and a strong Iraq." He sponsored the Syria Accountability Act of 2003 to require Syria to cease all activity with Lebanon and end all support for terrorism. In 2005, Santorum sponsored the Iran Freedom and Support Act, which appropriated $10 million aimed at regime change in Iran. The Act passed with overwhelming support. Santorum voted against the Lautenberg amendment, which would have closed the loophole that allows companies like Halliburton to do business with Iran through their foreign affiliates. Santorum reflected on his last year in the Senate as one spent talking a lot about Iran and was characterized by The Atlantic Wire as an "extreme hawk" in his approach to Iran. Santorum stated that Iran was the creator of Hezbollah and the driving force of Hamas. He said Iran was at the center of "much of the world's conflict" but he was opposed to direct military action against the country in 2006. Santorum was one of only two senators who voted against confirming Robert Gates as Secretary of Defense. He said his objection was to Gates's support for talking with Iran and Syria, because it would be an error to talk with radical Islamists.

Party leadership and other actions

Santorum became chairman of the Senate Republican Conference in 2000, the party's third-ranking leadership position in the Senate. In that role, he directed Senate Republicans' communications operations and was a frequent party spokesperson. He was the youngest member of the Senate leadership and the first Pennsylvanian to hold such a prominent position since Senator Hugh Scott was Republican leader in the 1970s. In addition, Santorum served on the Senate Agriculture Committee; the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs; the Senate Special Committee on Aging; and the Senate Finance Committee, of which he was the chairman of the Subcommittee on Social Security and Family Policy. He also sat at the candy desk for ten years.

In January 2005, Santorum announced his intention to run for Senate Republican Whip, the second-highest post in the Republican caucus after the 2006 election, saying he expected the incumbent whip, Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, to run for Senate Republican leader to succeed Bill Frist of Tennessee, who was planning to retire. As a result of Santorum's loss in the 2006 election, this plan was never realized.

K Street Project

Beginning in 1995, Republicans leaders such as Tom DeLay and Grover Norquist initiated an order to place Republicans in lobbying firm jobs and exclude Democrats. In addition, the initiative pressured lobbying firms to contribute to Republican campaigns by withholding access to lawmakers from firms that did not comply. The initiative became politically toxic for Republicans when the Jack Abramoff scandal broke in late 2004. Although some sources indicate that Santorum played a key role in the K Street Project, he has denied any involvement. In November 2005, several months after the indictments of Abramoff and DeLay, Santorum told the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, "The K Street project is purely to make sure we have qualified applicants for positions that are in town. From my perspective, it's a good government thing." A few months later, however, Santorum emphatically denied any connection with either the K Street Project or Norquist, saying: "I had absolutely nothing to do—never met, never talked, never coordinated, never did anything—with Grover Norquist and the quote K Street Project." In January 2012, The Washington Post's' "Fact Checker" concluded that "we can't prove definitively whether or not Santorum collaborated on the K Street Project", saying that it "depend on how you define the initiative".

2006 reelection campaign

County results of the 2006 U.S. Senate race in Pennsylvania. Counties in red were won by Santorum.
Main article: 2006 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

In 2006, Santorum sought reelection to a third Senate term. He ran unopposed in the Republican Party. His seat was considered among the most vulnerable for Republicans and was a prime target of the Democratic Party in the 2006 elections. George W. Bush had a 38% approval rating in Pennsylvania in 2006. Mary Isenhour, a Democratic strategist, reflected on Santorum's campaign and his connection to the unpopular president, "In 2006, we were doubly blessed—we could run against George W. Bush and Rick Santorum". Santorum chose to campaign alongside President Bush and called him a "terrific president", hurting his popularity. Also problematic was Santorum's 2004 endorsement of his Republican Senate colleague Arlen Specter over conservative congressman Pat Toomey in the primary for Pennsylvania's other Senate seat. Many socially and fiscally conservative Republicans considered the endorsement a betrayal of their cause.

Santorum's opponent was Democratic state treasurer Bob Casey, Jr., the son of popular former governor Robert Casey, Sr. Casey was well known for his opposition to abortion, negating one of Santorum's key issues. For most of the campaign, Santorum trailed Casey by 15 points or more in polls. Green Party candidate Carl Romanelli failed to gain ballot access in the race, further hurting Santorum's chances. Reportedly, several of Santorum's supporters had funded and petitioned for Romanelli to siphon away Democrats from Casey.

Santorum was mired in controversy and spent much of his time on the campaign defending his past statements and positions. He faced criticism from Casey and others for several statements in his book It Takes a Family, including his denunciation of 1960s "radical feminism", which he said had made it "socially affirming to work outside the home" at the expense of child care. In the book, Santorum also compared pro-choice Americans to "German Nazis." John Brabender, an adviser to Santorum's Senate and presidential races, reflected back on the book's controversies and said Santorum was warned that sections could bring political damage, and Santorum was not willing to change much of it simply to gain moderate supporters. In addition, a past article Santorum wrote to The Catholic Online in which he linked liberalism and moral relativism in American society, particularly within seminaries, to the Catholic Church sex abuse scandal resurfaced in 2005. He wrote, "It is no surprise that Boston, a seat of academic, political and cultural liberalism in America, lies at the center of the storm." His remarks were heavily criticized, especially in Massachusetts, and he was asked for an explanation. Santorum did not retract his statement and defended his premise that it was "no surprise that the center of the Catholic Church abuse took place in very liberal, or perhaps the nation's most liberal area, Boston." Casey also raised the question of Santorum's association with the K Street Project.

Santorum said he spent "maybe a month a year" at his Pennsylvania home, raising allegations of hypocrisy as he had denounced his former opponent Doug Walgren for living away from his House district. Critics also complained that Pennsylvania taxpayers were paying 80% of the tuition for five of Santorum's children to attend an online "cyber school"—a benefit available only to Pennsylvania residents—when all his children lived in Virginia. The Penn Hills School District, which covered the tuition costs for the cyber school through local taxes, unsuccessfully filed a complaint against Santorum for reimbursement in 2005, but won reimbursement from the state in September 2006 in the amount of $55,000. In response, Santorum asked county officials to remove the homestead tax exemption from his Penn Hills property, saying he was entitled to it but chose not to take it because of the political dispute. Since 2006, Santorum has been home-schooling his seven children. Santorum responded to the dispute saying that his children should not be implicated in the "politics of personal destruction". One of his children appeared in a 2006 reelection campaign ad, saying, "My dad's opponents have criticized him for moving us to Washington so we could be with him more."

Santorum ran a television ad suggesting that Casey's supporters had been under investigation for various crimes. The negative ad backfired, as The Scranton Times-Tribune found that all but a few of Casey's contributors donated when he was running for other offices, and none were investigated for anything. In fact, two of the persons cited in Santorum's campaign ad actually contributed to Santorum in 2006, and one died in 2004. Santorum's campaign countered that those donations were not kept and had been donated to educational institutions.

Toward the end of his campaign, Santorum shifted his theme to the threat of radical Islam. In October 2006 he gave a "Gathering Storm" speech, invoking British Prime Minister Winston Churchill's description of Europe prior to World War II. As evidence that Islamists were waging a more-than-300-year-old crusade against the Western world, Santorum pointed to September 11, 1683, the date of the Battle of Vienna. Casey responded, "No one believes terrorists are going to be more likely to attack us because I defeat Rick Santorum." Noting that he had been "even more hawkish" during this time period than President Bush, Santorum later said, "Maybe that wasn't the smartest political strategy, spending the last few months running purely on national security".

A heated debate between the candidates occurred on October 11, 2006. Bill Toland of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette described both candidates' performances during the debate as "unstatesmanlike".

In the November 7, 2006, election, Santorum lost by over 700,000 votes, receiving 41% of the vote to Casey's 59%. This was the largest margin of defeat for a sitting senator in the 2006 cycle, and the largest margin of defeat for an incumbent senator since 1980.

Post-Senate career

Lawyer, political consultant and commentator

In January 2007, Santorum joined the Ethics and Public Policy Center, a D.C.-based conservative think tank, as director of its America's Enemies Program focusing on foreign threats to the United States, including Islamic fascism, Venezuela, North Korea and Russia. In February 2007, he signed a deal to become a contributor on the Fox News Channel, offering commentary on politics and public policy. In March 2007 he joined Eckert Seamans, where he primarily practiced law in the firm's Pittsburgh and Washington, D.C., offices, providing business and strategic counseling services to the firm's clients. In 2007, he joined the Board of Directors of Universal Health Services, a hospital management company based in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. He also began writing an op-ed column, "The Elephant in the Room", for The Philadelphia Inquirer.

Santorum earned $1.3 million in 2010 and the first half of 2011. The largest portion of his earnings—$332,000—came from his work as a consultant for industry interest groups, including Consol Energy and American Continental Group. Santorum also earned $395,414 in corporate director's fees and stock options from Universal Health Services and $217,385 in income from the Ethics and Public Policy Center. In 2010 he was paid $23,000 by The Philadelphia Inquirer for his work as a columnist.

In January 2017, Santorum became a CNN senior political commentator. In April 2021, he claimed at an April 23 Young America's Foundation event that "There isn't much Native American culture in American culture. We came here and created a blank slate. We birthed a Nation. From nothing. I mean there was nothing here." Santorum's comments, which were described as racist, led to calls for CNN to terminate his contract, which the network did days later.

Speculation about political plans

Before the 2006 election, Santorum was frequently mentioned as a possible 2008 presidential candidate. Such speculation faded when, during the 2006 campaign and in light of unimpressive poll numbers in his Senate race, he declared that, if reelected, he would serve a full term. After he lost, Santorum once again ruled out a presidential run.

On February 1, 2008, Santorum said he would vote for Mitt Romney in the 2008 Republican presidential primary. Santorum criticized John McCain, questioning his anti-abortion voting record and conservative values. Santorum later said he endorsed Romney because he saw him as the "best chance to stop John McCain", whom he considered too moderate. In September 2008, Santorum expressed support for McCain as the nominee, citing McCain's choice of Sarah Palin as his running mate as a step in the right direction.

Santorum was mentioned as a candidate for governor of Pennsylvania in 2010. At one point, he was said to have "quietly but efficiently put his fingerprints on a wide array of conservative causes in the state." Santorum declined to seek the gubernatorial nomination and instead endorsed eventual winner Tom Corbett.

2012 presidential campaign

Santorum speaking at the Iowa State Fair in August 2011
See also: Rick Santorum 2012 presidential campaign

In the fall of 2009, Santorum gave a speech at the University of Dubuque on the economy, fueling speculation that he would run for president in 2012. Santorum later recalled, "It got a lot of buzz on the Internet, so I thought, 'Wow, maybe there's some interest'". He decided to campaign after multiple conversations with his wife, who was not enthusiastic at first.

On September 11, 2009, Santorum spoke to Catholic leaders in Orlando, Florida, saying that the 2012 presidential elections were going to be "a real opportunity for success." He then scheduled various appearances in Iowa with political nonprofit organizations.

On January 15, 2010, Santorum sent an email and letter to supporters of his political action committee, saying, "I'm convinced that conservatives need a candidate who will not only stand up for our views, but who can articulate a conservative vision for our country's future". He continued, "And right now, I just don't see anyone stepping up to the plate. I have no great burning desire to be president, but I have a burning desire to have a different president of the United States". He formed a presidential exploratory committee on April 13, 2011. Santorum also mentioned his grandfather's historical encounter with Italian fascism as an inspiration for his presidential campaign.

He formally announced his run for the Republican presidential nomination on ABC's Good Morning America on June 6, 2011, saying he was "in it to win." He initially lagged in the polls but gained as other conservative candidates slumped. By the weekend before the Iowa caucuses, polls showed him in the top three along with Romney and Ron Paul. The Des Moines Register also noted that the momentum was with Santorum. In the closest finish in the history of the Iowa caucuses, the count on the night put Romney as winner by a margin of eight votes, but the final result announced two weeks later showed that Santorum had won by 34 votes. Santorum later focused on the states holding votes on February 7, a strategy that paid off, as he won all three. Santorum surged in polls taken shortly after, ranking first in some and a close second in others. In the March 13 primaries, Santorum narrowly won both Mississippi and Alabama and followed up with a victory in Louisiana on March 24.

Following the hospitalization of his daughter Bella and losses in Wisconsin, Maryland, and the District of Columbia, Santorum announced the suspension of his campaign on April 10, 2012, in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. He had won 11 state primaries and nearly 4 million votes, more than any other candidate except Romney. Santorum topped Romney in polls for a brief period. Upon the conclusion of Santorum's run, Romney called him "an important voice" in the GOP.

Santorum received a prime time speaking slot at the 2012 Republican National Convention. He was originally slated to speak early in the evening, but convention organizers moved him to 9 pm with the other highly anticipated speakers of the evening, Ann Romney and convention keynote Chris Christie. Santorum spoke of the American dream his immigrant grandfather worked to give his family and said Obama was turning the dream into a nightmare. He talked about his experiences on the presidential campaign trail, speaking with emotion about his daughter Bella and meeting disabled people and their families. He emphasized the importance of strengthening marriage and the family. He also condemned Obama's actions on the welfare reform law, of which he was one of the chief proponents in Congress, and his actions on education, including school choice and student loans. Santorum concluded his speech to a standing ovation, saying,

I thank God that America still has one party that reaches out their hands in love to lift up all of God's children—born and unborn—and says that each of us has dignity and all of us have the right to live the American Dream. And without you, America is not keeping faith with that dream. We are stewards of a great inheritance. In November we have a chance to vote for life and liberty, not dependency. A vote for Mitt Romney and Paul Ryan will put our country back in the hands of leaders who understand what America can and, for the sake of our children, must be to keep the dream alive.

Patriot Voices

In June 2012, Santorum launched Patriot Voices, a 501(c)(4) nonprofit with a mission to "mobilize conservatives around this country who are committed to promoting faith, family, freedom and opportunity" in support of causes and candidates across the country. Santorum supported U.S. Senate candidates Ted Cruz in Texas and Richard Mourdock in Indiana in their respective Republican primaries; both won. In the general elections, Patriot Voices endorsed eight U.S. Senate candidates and four House candidates. In Iowa's 2012 retention elections Santorum lent support to the "NO Wiggins" effort to oust Iowa Supreme Court Justice David Wiggins, who they say promulgated a personal political agenda in the court. They have also been vocal in opposition to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which they say threatens parental rights and U.S. sovereignty. In August 2021 Santorum became a Senior Advisor to the Convention of States Project of Citizens for Self-Governance. "As Senior Advisor, Rick is counseling us on strategy, will serve as a public voice for the surging Convention of States movement, and will focus his incredible energy on restoring our nation and returning the proper balance to our republic," said Mark Meckler, head of the Convention of States Project.

Business ventures

In June 2013, Santorum became Chairman and CEO of EchoLight Studios, a Dallas-based Christian movie company. Santorum has produced the Christmas-themed movie The Christmas Candle and the religious liberty film One Generation Away.

He is a part owner of Plasma Technologies LLC.

2016 presidential campaign

Main article: Rick Santorum 2016 presidential campaign
Rick Santorum speaking at the 2015 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland on February 27, 2015

Appearing on NBC's Meet the Press on August 4, 2013, Santorum said, "I'm open to looking into a presidential race in 2016." He outlined plans for a potential 2016 run in an interview with The Washington Post, and officially announced his candidacy on May 27, 2015. After performing poorly in the Iowa caucuses, Santorum ended his campaign on February 3, 2016, and endorsed Florida senator Marco Rubio. After Rubio suspended his campaign, Santorum endorsed Donald Trump.

CNN racism accusation

In May 2021, Santorum stated that America was founded by white Europeans and that prior to their arrival, America was populated by nothing more than a handful of primitive warring Native American tribes. He was dropped from CNN over these remarks, with some responses referring to them as "classic white supremacist rhetoric" and being "dangerous manipulation". In response, Santorum said he had “misspoke” and denied that he was “trying to dismiss Native Americans”.

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Rick Santorum speaking at CPAC Hungary 2022

Santorum has consistently held socially conservative views and has advocated "compassionate conservatism". He has a more mixed record on fiscal issues. As a member of Congress, he voted for the Bush tax cuts, favored a balanced budget amendment and sought to curb entitlements, playing a key role in enacting welfare cuts. He has been criticized for supporting costly federal programs in education and transportation and for using earmarks to fund Pennsylvania projects. He says he regrets many of his votes for such programs and opposes earmarks. He has also specifically disavowed his 2003 support for the unfunded Medicare prescription drug benefit and his vote for the No Child Left Behind Act.

In 2003, he was described by the Pennsylvania Report as having a "confrontational, partisan, 'in your face' style of politics and government." "I just don't take the pledge. I take the bullets", Santorum said. "I stand out in front and I lead to make sure the voices of those who do not have a voice are out in front and being included in the national debate."

Abortion

Santorum at the signing of the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act by Pres. George W. Bush in 2004
Members of Congress join Rick Santorum in introducing the Born-Alive Infants Protection Act

Santorum considered himself pro-choice on abortion throughout his early life but adopted an anti-abortion position by 1990 when he ran for Congress. He has become known for his staunch opposition to abortion. In 2015, he said, "'I do not believe life begins at conception. I know life begins at conception. This is not a matter of debate. It's not a matter of faith ... Every child at the moment of conception is both living—that embryo is metabolizing—and it is ... genetically completely human"'. During a 2016 presidential debate, Santorum said, "'Twice in my life we were counseled to have an abortion—once with our son Gabriel and one with our little girl, Bella ... Neither time did Karen (Santorum's wife) and I even think about , because we know life begins at conception'".

In 1996, Santorum led the unsuccessful attempt to override President Bill Clinton's veto of the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 1995, He also sponsored a similar bill in 1999. Santorum was a lead sponsor of the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act, which was signed into law by President George W. Bush in November 2003 and upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States in the 2007 decision Gonzales v. Carhart.

Class/Inequality

Santorum has condemned the term "middle class" as "Marxism talk" used by liberals, maintaining that the United States has no social classes. At an August 2013 GOP fundraiser in Rock Rapids, Iowa, he said, "Don't use the term the other side uses... he middle class.... Since when in America do we have classes? Since when in America are people stuck in areas or defined places called a class? That's Marxism talk... When Republicans get up and talk about middle class, we're buying into their rhetoric of dividing America. Stop it. There's no class in America. Call them on it."

Contraception

Santorum has said he does not believe a "right to privacy" is part of the Constitution. He has criticized the Supreme Court decision in Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), which held that the Constitution guaranteed that right and overturned a law prohibiting the sale of contraceptives to married couples. Santorum has asserted that the right to privacy set forth in Griswold was a "jurisprudential novelty quickly become a constitutional wrecking ball" and eventually led the Court to recognize a constitutional right to abortion in Roe v. Wade (1973). In critiquing Griswold, Santorum emphasized that he did not support laws banning contraceptives. Santorum has, however, described contraception as "a license to do things in sexual realm that counter to how things are supposed to be."

Death penalty

In March 2005, Santorum expressed misgivings about the death penalty in light of wrongly convicted individuals who were sentenced to death. He went on to say, "I agree with the Pope that in the civilized world... the application of the death penalty should be limited. I would definitely agree with that. I would certainly suggest there probably should be some further limits on what we use it for." In January 2012, Santorum said that "when there is certainty, that's the case that capital punishment can be used" but that "if there is not certainty, under the law, it shouldn't be used."

Drugs

Santorum used cannabis in college, but later said, "Even during that time, I knew that what I was doing was wrong." He is against the legalization of cannabis and believes that the federal law against it should be enforced in Colorado. He has voted in favor of increasing penalties for drug trafficking and possession and for increased spending on drug control.

Energy and environment

Santorum rejects the overwhelming scientific consensus on climate change, which states that global warming is harmful and primarily human-caused, calling it "junk science". He has claimed that global warming is a "beautifully concocted scheme" by the political left and "an excuse for more government control of your life."

In reaction to Pope Francis's encyclical Laudato si', which acknowledges man-made climate change and calls for swift and unified global policies to phase out fossil fuels, Santorum said in 2015: "The Church has gotten it wrong a few times on science, and I think we probably are better off leaving science to the scientists and focusing on what we're good at, which is theology and morality."

He has stated a policy of "drill everywhere" for oil and that there is "enough oil, coal and natural gas to last for centuries".

Euthanasia

In 2012, Santorum said that half of all euthanizations in the Netherlands are involuntary, that Dutch hospitals euthanize elderly patients for financial reasons, and that 10% of all deaths in the Netherlands are the result of involuntary euthanizations. Santorum's statements were called "bogus" by FactCheck.org, and Glenn Kessler, fact-checker for The Washington Post, said there was no evidence to support them. Santorum's comments were met with a significant backlash in the Netherlands and were significantly criticized worldwide.

Fiscal policy

As U.S. representative from Pennsylvania, in each year from 1992 through 1994 Santorum received a grade of B, and as U.S. senator from Pennsylvania he received grades of A from 1995 through 1997, B+ in 1998 and 1999, B in 2000, A from 2001 through 2004, B in 2005, and B+ in 2006 from the National Taxpayers Union, a conservative taxpayers advocacy organization.

Gun laws

Santorum, who received nearly $116,000 from the gun lobby from 1990 to 2017, has consistently supported gun rights. Santorum is an advocate of the right to bear arms. He is also a defender of gun manufacturers, and voted for the 2005 Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (Bill S 397), which prevents civil suits from being brought against gun manufacturers for criminal acts perpetrated with their weapons. On March 25, 2018, in response to the "March for Our Lives", Santorum told CNN that rather than marching the students should "take CPR classes" instead of "looking to someone else to solve their problems." Columbia Journalism Review called the comment "asinine on its face," but said that, even so, the response from doctors, journalists and students about the "stupid" comment was excessive.

Immigration

In 2015, Santorum called for more restrictions on family-based immigration after warning of a "flood of legal—not illegal—immigrants to our country", which he blamed for depressing the median income of American workers.

In 2006, Santorum opposed the Senate's immigration reform proposal, saying the U.S. should simply act to enforce currently existing laws. He has openly stated his opposition to amnesty for illegal immigrants. He supports the construction of a barrier along the U.S.–Mexican border, an increase in the number of border patrol agents, and the stationing of National Guard troops along the border. He also believes that illegal immigrants should be deported immediately when they commit crimes and that undocumented immigrants should not receive benefits from the government. He believes English should be established as the national language in the United States. Santorum cites his own family's history (his father immigrated to the U.S. from Italy) as proof of how to immigrate "the right way".

At the 2015 Iowa Freedom Summit, Santorum said the volume of legal immigration into the United States is also too high, and stated that the number of immigrants lawfully entering the country was "affecting American workers" by taking jobs and lowering wages. Santorum claimed that all "net new jobs" created in the United States economy since 2000 have gone to immigrants (both legal and illegal). At the Iowa Freedom Summit, Santorum said: "We need an immigration policy that puts American workers first."

Libertarianism

In June 2011, Santorum said he would continue to "fight very strongly against libertarian influence within the Republican Party and the conservative movement." In an interview with NPR in the summer of 2005, Santorum discussed what he called the "libertarianish right", saying "they have this idea that people should be left alone, be able to do whatever they want to do. Government should keep our taxes down and keep our regulation low and that we shouldn't get involved in the bedroom, we shouldn't get involved in cultural issues, you know, people should do whatever they want. Well, that is not how traditional conservatives view the world, and I think most conservatives understand that individuals can't go it alone."

Minimum wage

During his 2016 presidential campaign, Santorum came out in support of an increase in the federal minimum wage. In September 2015, he said, "'Republicans are losing elections because we aren't talking about , all we want to talk about is what happened to business, there are people that work in those businesses.'"

Paid family leave

Santorum supports paid family leave.

Pornography

On his website, Santorum said that the "Obama Administration has turned a blind eye" to pornography, but promised the situation would "change under a Santorum Administration." According to USA Today, some conservatives believe Santorum's opposition to pornography could "hurt the party politically." On March 23, 2012, Santorum wrote on his campaign website that there is "a wealth of research" demonstrating that pornography causes "profound brain changes" and widespread negative effects on children and adults, including violence to women. Researchers say that there is no such evidence of brain changes, although pornography's harmfulness "is still in dispute."

Santorum defended his assertions by saying that "the Obama Department of Justice seems to favor pornographers over children and families", and that the department's failure to prosecute the porn industry "proves his point." He then said that Obama had not put a priority on tackling the porn industry, "putting children at risk as a result of that." In a position paper circulated in March 2012, Santorum said he would order his attorney general to "vigorously enforce" existing laws that "prohibit distribution of hardcore (obscene) pornography on the Internet, on cable/satellite TV, on hotel/motel TV, in retail shops and through the mail or by common carrier."

LGBT issues

See also: Rick Santorum's views on homosexuality and Campaign for the neologism "santorum"
Santorum speaking in Des Moines, Iowa in 2011

In his 2005 book It Takes a Family, Santorum advocated a society oriented toward "family values" and centered on monogamous, heterosexual relationships, marriage, and child raising. He opposes both same-sex marriage and civil unions, saying the American public and their elected officials should decide on these "incredibly important moral issues" rather than the Supreme Court.

During a 2003 interview, Santorum expressed opposition to same-sex marriage, said he favors having laws against polygamy, sodomy (between same sex or opposite sex couples), and other actions "antithetical to a healthy, stable, traditional family", and likened homosexuality to bestiality and child sexual abuse. The remarks drew a retaliatory response from many, including author, journalist, and LGBT community activist Dan Savage, who launched a contest to coin a "santorum" neologism among the readers of his blog with the winner as "the frothy mixture of lube and fecal matter that is sometimes the byproduct of anal sex". The website Savage set up for the campaign became one of the top search results for Santorum's surname, creating a situation that commentators dubbed "Santorum's Google problem". Santorum has characterized the campaign as a "type of vulgarity" spread on the Internet. In September 2011, Santorum unsuccessfully requested that Google remove the content from its search engine index. In 2015, during an interview on The Rachel Maddow Show, he expressed regret for making the "man-on-dog" statement, which he described as "flippant", but added: "he substance of what I said ... I stand by that."

In 2011, during his bid for the Republican nomination in the upcoming presidential election, Santorum attended a Republican primary debate held two days after the official end of the Clinton-era "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy that effectively banned gays and lesbians from open service in the United States Armed Forces and fielded a question from Stephen Snyder-Hill, a gay soldier then serving in Iraq, about the progress made by gay soldiers in the military. The soldier was booed by some in the audience, and Santorum said his administration would reinstate the ban on gay soldiers in the military. Santorum was roundly criticized for not supporting the soldier, and he later asserted he had not heard the booing from the stage.

In 2015, Santorum signed an online pledge vowing not to respect any law, including any decision by the United States Supreme Court, conferring legal recognition on same-sex marriage. The pledge states, in part: "A decision purporting to redefine marriage flies in the face of the Constitution and is contrary to the natural created order. As people of faith we pledge obedience to our Creator when the State directly conflicts with higher law." In April 2015, Santorum stated on Hugh Hewitt's radio program that he would not attend a same-sex wedding, saying: "as a person of my faith, that would be something that would be a violation of my faith."

At a Republican convention in South Carolina in 2015, Santorum responded to a question about Caitlyn Jenner by saying: "if says he's a woman, then he's a woman. My responsibility as a human being is to love and accept everybody. Not to criticize people for who they are." Due to Santorum's consistent opposition to same-sex marriage, his apparent acceptance of Jenner's transition surprised some. Some people criticized Santorum for continuing to use the male pronoun in reference to Jenner. Santorum declined to take a position on whether transgender people should be allowed to use restrooms of the gender of their choice, saying only that he believed the federal government should leave the issue to local authorities. Santorum later clarified his statement, writing that he "meant to express empathy", and "not a change in public policy."

Poverty

While in Congress, Santorum supported efforts to fight global HIV/AIDS, provide assistance to orphans and vulnerable children in developing countries, combat genocide in Sudan, and offer third world debt relief. In 2006, rock musician and humanitarian Bono said of Santorum, "he has been a defender of the most vulnerable." On the domestic front, Santorum supported home ownership tax credits, savings accounts for children, rewarding savings by low-income families, funding autism research, fighting tuberculosis, and providing housing for people with HIV/AIDS. He supported increased funding for Social Services Block Grants and organizations like Healthy Start and the Children's Aid Society, and financing community health centers.

Social Security

Santorum supported partial privatization of Social Security, and following President Bush's reelection, he held forums across Pennsylvania on the topic.

Trade policy

The Cato Institute's Center for Trade Policy Studies identified Santorum, during his U.S. Senate tenure, as having a mostly pro-free trade and mostly anti-subsidies voting record.

Electoral history

1994 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Rick Santorum 1,735,691 49.40%
Democratic Harris Wofford (incumbent) 1,648,481 46.92%
Patriot Party Diane G. Blough 69,825 1.99%
Libertarian Donald Ernsberger 59,115 1.68%
Write-in 249 0.01%
Total votes 3,513,361 100.00%
Republican gain from Democratic
2000 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Rick Santorum (incumbent) 2,481,962 52.4%
Democratic Ron Klink 2,154,908 45.5%
Libertarian John Featherman 45,775 1.0%
Constitution Lester Searer 28,382 0.6%
Reform Robert Domske 24,089 0.5%
Total votes 4,735,116 100.00%
Republican hold
2006 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bob Casey, Jr. 2,392,984 58.64%
Republican Rick Santorum (incumbent) 1,684,778 41.28%
Write-in 3,281 0.08%
Total votes 4,081,043 100.00%
Democratic gain from Republican
Cumulative results of the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mitt Romney 10,031,336 52.13%
Republican Rick Santorum 3,932,069 20.43%
Republican Newt Gingrich 2,734,571 14.21%
Republican Ron Paul 2,095,762 10.89%
Republican Jon Huntsman 83,918 0.44%
Republican Rick Perry 54,769 0.28%
Republican Michele Bachmann 35,089 0.21%
Republican Buddy Roemer 33,588 0.17%
Republican Herman Cain 40,666 0.07%
Republican Fred Karger 12,743 0.06%
Republican Gary Johnson 4,293 0.02%
Cumulative results of the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Donald Trump 14,015,993 44.95%
Republican Ted Cruz 7,822,100 25.08%
Republican John Kasich 4,290,448 13.76%
Republican Marco Rubio 3,515,576 11.27%
Republican Ben Carson 857,039 2.75%
Republican Jeb Bush 286,694 0.92%
Republican Rand Paul 66,788 0.21%
Republican Mike Huckabee 51,450 0.16%
Republican Carly Fiorina 40,666 0.13%
Republican Chris Christie 57,637 0.18%
Republican Jim Gilmore 18,369 0.06%
Republican Rick Santorum 16,627 0.05%

Personal life

Rick Santorum's wife Karen, along with daughter Sarah Maria, at the Values Voter Summit in October 2011

Santorum met his future wife, Karen Garver (born 1960), while she was a neonatal nurse studying law at the University of Pittsburgh and he was recruiting summer interns for Kirkpatrick & Lockhart. They married in 1990 and have seven living children.

In 1996, the Santorums' son Gabriel was born prematurely after 20 weeks of pregnancy and died in the hospital two hours later. Karen wrote that she and Rick slept with Gabriel's body between them in the hospital that night and brought his body home the following day so that their other children could see him. The Santorums' four eldest children appeared with their parents on Piers Morgan Tonight in January 2012. Elizabeth, who was five at the time of Gabriel's death, said she was glad to have seen him, and that he holds a place in her heart.

Santorum traveled, in 2002, to Rome to speak at a centenary celebration of the birth of Saint Josemaría Escrivá, founder of Opus Dei. He and his wife were invested as Knight and Dame of Magistral Grace of the Knights of Malta in a ceremony at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York on November 12, 2004.

In 2012, Santorum's net worth was estimated to be between $880,000 and $3 million, mainly held as five rental properties around Penn State University, two personal homes in Great Falls and Penn Hills, and some IRAs. In 1997, Santorum purchased a three-bedroom house in the Pittsburgh suburb of Penn Hills. In 2001, he bought a $640,000 house in Leesburg, Virginia, sold it in 2007 for $850,000, and purchased a $2 million home in Great Falls, Virginia.

According to The Washington Post, Santorum has paid $50,000 per year out of pocket for medical expenses not covered by insurance for his daughter Isabella's Trisomy 18. The Santorums once paid $25,000 to have Isabella airlifted from a Virginia hospital to a children's hospital in Philadelphia.

In his free time, Santorum is an avid fantasy baseball player.

Religion

Rick Santorum at prayer, 2012

Although he was raised in a nominally Catholic household, Santorum's faith began to deepen when he met his future wife, Karen. By his account, conversations with her father, Kenneth Garver, a staunch Catholic and abortion opponent, solidified his understanding and opposition to abortion. He and his wife have since become increasingly religious. Santorum now considers himself a devout Catholic and acknowledges his faith as the source of his politics and worldview. He attends Mass almost daily and organized a Catholic study group for lawmakers while in Congress.

Santorum proudly calls himself a culture warrior and true Christian conservative. In so positioning himself, he has garnered popularity among Protestant evangelicals, but his support among Catholics is not as robust. Santorum's emphasis on his "Christian roots" was especially favored by evangelicals in the Midwest and Southern states during the 2012 primaries, although he lost the Republican Catholic vote in most states to Romney. Exit polls found only 42% of those Catholics and less than a third of Protestant evangelicals knew Santorum was Catholic. After Santorum won Protestant-majority states Alabama and Mississippi but lost in heavily Catholic Puerto Rico, The Huffington Post said he "seemed exasperated by the trend" and said his base support came from "people who take their faith seriously", not necessarily fellow Catholics.

Santorum has written for Catholic publications and frequently comments on political issues from a religious standpoint. He has said, "I don't believe in an America where the separation of church and state is absolute. The First Amendment means the free exercise of religion and that means bringing people and their faith into the public square." In an interview with the National Catholic Reporter, Santorum said that the distinction between private religious conviction and public responsibility, espoused by President John F. Kennedy, had caused "great harm in America". He said: "All of us have heard people say, 'I privately am against abortion, homosexual marriage, stem cell research, cloning. But who am I to decide that it's not right for somebody else?' It sounds good, but it is the corruption of freedom of conscience." He told a group of college students in 2008 that the United States had been founded on "Judeo-Christian" ethics, and now "it is a shambles, it is gone from the world of Christianity as I see it."

Santorum has said he values faith over politics and considers politicians' faith significant. He questioned whether Barack Obama truly has a religion, alleging that he may have chosen Christianity as a politically expedient platform for power. Santorum has said that "if the president says he's a Christian, he's a Christian" but has stated that Obama's agenda was based on a "phony theology", not the Bible. In an interview with Glenn Beck, Santorum said Obama's desire for greater higher education rates nationwide was a veiled attempt at "indoctrination", saying that "62 percent of kids who go into college with a faith commitment leave without it." Santorum declined to provide a source for that figure. He believes colleges reinforce secular relativism and antagonize religiosity, particularly Christianity, and lists young people's support for abortion, gay marriage, and pornography as "symptoms" of indoctrination.

Books

Santorum has written four books: It Takes a Family: Conservatism and the Common Good (2005); American Patriots: Answering the Call to Freedom (2012); Blue Collar Conservatives: Recommitting to an America That Works (2014); and Bella's Gift: How One Little Girl Transformed Our Family and Inspired a Nation (2015). In addition to Santorum's books, a collection of his speeches as a U.S. senator was published and released by Monument Press in 2005 under the title Rick Santorum: A Senator Speaks Out on Life, Freedom, and Responsibility.

Santorum also wrote a foreword to William A. Dembski's 2006 Darwin's Nemesis: Phillip Johnson and the Intelligent Design Movement and a 2006 autobiography.

In It Takes a Family, Santorum argues that the traditional family is the foundation of society. Santorum criticizes alike laissez-faire conservatives and liberal proponents of social welfare for promoting a radical view of autonomy. In particular, he criticizes the "bigs" – "big government, big media, big entertainment, big universities." The book became a New York Times bestseller.

American Patriots tells the stories of 25 lesser-known Americans from the American Revolution. Santorum writes, "Most Americans know something about our Founding Fathers and their role in creating the government of the United States. However, most know little about the day-to-day battles fought by Americans of all backgrounds that paved the way for the high ideals of our founders to be put into practice." He also writes, "Today we are facing a threat to the very foundation our founders laid. That threat does not come from an alien force but from those who are willing and determined to abandon the concept of God-given rights. Like the royalty during the Revolution, today's elites wish to return to the pre-Revolutionary paradigm in which they, through governmental force, allocate rights and responsibilities."

Blue Collar Conservatives departs from traditional Republican orthodoxy and says that the Republican Party must appeal to blue collar Americans. He says, "As many as six million blue collar voters stayed home from the polls, and there's good reason to believe that a large majority of them would have voted Republican if they had voted." Santorum puts forward a recipe for Republican success in which Republicans advocate for workers and not just corporations. He says that many middle class workers who have been forced into part-time jobs at big box stores or even into public assistance programs are amenable to the GOP's message if it is presented in relatable terms. He tackles education, saying the current system of government-run schools is a "relic of the late 19th century" and that children should not be pressured into going to college when a job or vocational training would be a better option. He criticizes libertarian influence in the Republican Party, saying, "There are some in my party who have taken the ideal of individualism to such an extreme that they have forgotten the obligation to look out for our fellow man." He says the GOP should be less quick to dismiss concerns over decreasing social and economic mobility, saying that large businesses and stocks are strong, while life has become "a trickle" for workers. He questions rich compensation of business executives, and says that while he supports free trade, Republicans need to look at its impact on the average person and consider whether existing laws are fair.

In January 2015, Santorum announced Bella's Gift: How One Little Girl Transformed Our Family and Inspired a Nation, a book about his daughter Bella, who lives with a rare genetic condition called Trisomy 18. The book is authored by Santorum and his wife, Karen Santorum, and co-authored by their daughter, Elizabeth Santorum. It was released February 10, 2015.

See also

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