Ammonium hexachloroplatinate: Difference between revisions

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	{{chembox		{{chembox
			\| Watchedfields = changed
	\| verifiedrevid = 443385694
	\| Name = Ammonium hexachloroplatinate		\| verifiedrevid = 443387206
			\| Name = Ammonium hexachloroplatinate
	\| ImageFile = ~~Ammonium hexachloroplatinate~~.~~png~~		\| ImageFile = (NH4)2PtCl6.svg
	\| ImageSize = 200px		\| ImageSize = 200px
	\| ImageName = Ammonium hexachloroplatinate		\| ImageName = Ammonium hexachloroplatinate
			\| ImageFile2 = (NH4)2PtCl6Xray.tif
⚫	\| IUPACName = Ammonium hexachloroplatinate(IV)
			\| ImageSize2 = 320px
⚫	\| OtherNames = ammonium chloroplatinate
			\| ImageName2 = Ammonium hexachloroplatinate
⚫	\| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
		⚫	\| IUPACName = Ammonium hexachloroplatinate(IV)
⚫	\| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite\|correct\|chemspider}}
		⚫	\| OtherNames = ammonium chloroplatinate
		⚫	\|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
		⚫	\| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite\|correct\|chemspider}}
	\| ChemSpiderID = 10628022		\| ChemSpiderID = 10628022
			\| PubChem = 16211460
			\| EINECS = 240-973-0
	\| InChI = 1/6ClH.2H3N.Pt/h61H;21H3;/q;;;;;;;;+4/p-4/rCl6Pt.2H3N/c1-7(2,3,4,5)6;;/h;2*1H3/q-2;;/p+2		\| InChI = 1/6ClH.2H3N.Pt/h61H;21H3;/q;;;;;;;;+4/p-4/rCl6Pt.2H3N/c1-7(2,3,4,5)6;;/h;2*1H3/q-2;;/p+2
	\| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite\|correct\|EBI}}		\| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite\|correct\|EBI}}
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	\| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite\|correct\|chemspider}}		\| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite\|correct\|chemspider}}
	\| StdInChIKey = PCCGQTHFYHJATL-UHFFFAOYSA-J		\| StdInChIKey = PCCGQTHFYHJATL-UHFFFAOYSA-J
			\| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite\|correct\|??}}
	\| CASNo = 16919-58-7		\| CASNo = 16919-58-7
			\| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite\|correct\|FDA}}
			\| UNII = 1653N9XMIC
	}}		}}
	\| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties		\|Section2={{Chembox Properties
	\| Formula = <sub>2</sub>		\| Formula = (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub>
	\| MolarMass = 443.87 g/mol		\| MolarMass = 443.87 g/mol
			\| Odor = odorless
⚫	\| Density = 3.07 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
			\| Appearance = yellow crystals
	\| MeltingPt =
		⚫	\| Density = 3.065 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
	\| Solvent = other solvents
			\| MeltingPtC = 380
	\| SolubleOther = 0.5 g/100 mL (20 °C)<br />3.365 g/100 mL (100 °C)
			\| MeltingPt_notes = decomposes
⚫	}}
			\| Solubility = 0.289 g/100ml (0 °C)<br /> 0.7 g/100ml (15 °C)<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=7145 \|title=ammonium hexachloroplatinate(IV) \|publisher=Chemister.ru \|date=2007-03-19 \|accessdate=2014-06-03}}</ref><br /> 0.499 g/100ml (20 °C)<br /> 3.36 g/100ml (100 °C)}}
			\| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
			\| Hazards_ref =
			\| ExternalSDS =
			\| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}{{GHS06}}{{GHS08}}
			\| GHSSignalWord = Danger
			\| HPhrases = {{H-phrases\|290\|301\|317\|318\|334}}
			\| PPhrases = {{P-phrases\|234\|261\|264\|270\|272\|280\|285\|301+310\|302+352\|304+341\|305+351+338\|310\|321\|330\|333+313\|342+311\|363\|390\|404\|405\|501}}
			\| MainHazards =
			\| IngestionHazard =
			\| InhalationHazard =
			\| EyeHazard =
			\| SkinHazard =
			\| NFPA-F =
			\| NFPA-H =
			\| NFPA-R =
			\| NFPA-S =
			\| NFPA_ref =
			\| FlashPt =
			\| FlashPtC =
			\| FlashPt_notes =
			\| FlashPt_ref =
			\| AutoignitionPt =
			\| AutoignitionPtC =
			\| AutoignitionPt_ref=
			\| AutoignitionPt_notes=
			\| ExploLimits =
			\| TLV =
			\| TLV-TWA =
			\| TLV-STEL =
			\| TLV-C =
			\| LD50 = 195 mg/kg rat
			\| LDLo =
			\| LC50 =
			\| LCLo =
			\| PEL =
			\| REL =
			\| IDLH =
			\| NIOSH_id =
			\| NIOSH_ref =
		⚫	}}
	}}		}}

	'''Ammonium hexachloroplatinate''', also known as ammonium chloroplatinate, is a ] with the formula <sub>2</sub>. It is a rare example of a soluble ](IV) ] that is not ]. It forms intensely yellow solutions in water. In the presence of 1M ], its solubility is only 0.0028 g /100 mL.		'''Ammonium hexachloroplatinate''', also known as ammonium chloroplatinate, is the ] with the formula (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. It is a rare example of a soluble ](IV) ] that is not ]. It forms intensely yellow solutions in water. In the presence of 1M ], its solubility is only 0.0028 g/100 mL.

	==Preparation and structure==		==Preparation and structure==
	The compound consists of separate ] ] ~~cations~~ and ] <sup>2−</sup> ~~anions~~. It is usually generated as a fine yellow precipitate by treating a solution of ] with a solution of an ammonium salt.<ref name=Kauuf>{{cite ~~journal~~ \| ~~title~~ = Ammonium Hexachloroplatinate(IV) \| author = ] \| ~~year~~ = ~~1967~~ \| ~~journal~~ = ] \| volume = 9 \| pages = 182–185 \| doi = 10.1002/9780470132401.ch51 ~~\| last2 = Thurner \| first2 = Joseph J. \| last3 = Zatko \| first3 = David A. \| series = Inorganic Syntheses~~ \| isbn = ~~9780470132401~~}}</ref> The complex is so poorly soluble that this step is employed in the isolation of platinum from ores and recycled residues.<ref>Cotton, S. A. Chemistry of Precious Metals, Chapman and Hall (London): 1997. ISBN 0-7514-0413-6.</ref>		The compound consists of separate ] ] ]s and ] <sup>2−</sup> ]s. It is usually generated as a fine yellow precipitate by treating a solution of ] with a solution of an ammonium salt.<ref name=Kauuf>{{cite book \| chapter = Ammonium Hexachloroplatinate(IV) \| author = George B. Kauffman \| title = Inorganic Syntheses \| author-link = George B. Kauffman \| year = 1967 \| volume = 9 \| pages = 182–185 \| doi = 10.1002/9780470132401.ch51 \| isbn = 978-0-470-13240-1}}</ref> The complex is so poorly soluble that this step is employed in the isolation of platinum from ores and recycled residues.<ref>Cotton, S. A. ''Chemistry of Precious Metals'', Chapman and Hall (London): 1997. {{ISBN\|0-7514-0413-6}}.</ref>

			As analyzed by ], the salt crystallizes in a cubic motif reminiscent of the ] structure. The <sup>2−</sup> centers are octahedral. The NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> centers are ]ed to the ] ].<ref>Verde-Gómez, Y.; Alonso-Nuñez, G.; Cervantes, F.; Keer, A. "Aqueous solution reaction to synthesize ammonium hexachloroplatinate and its crystallographic and thermogravimetric characterization" Materials Letters, 2003, volume 57, p 4667-4672. {{doi\|10.1016/S0167-577X(03)00381-1}}</ref>

	==Uses and reactions==		==Uses and reactions==
	Ammonium hexachloroplatinate is used in platinum plating.		Ammonium hexachloroplatinate is used in platinum plating. Heating (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> under a stream of ] at 200 °C produces ] sponge. Treating this with chlorine gives H<sub>2</sub>.<ref name=Kauuf/>

			Ammonium hexachloroplatinate decomposes to yield platinum sponge when heated to high temperatures:<ref name=Kauuf/><ref>{{cite book\|title=Modern Descriptive Chemistry\|last1=Rochow\|first1=Eugene George\|year=1977\|publisher=W. B. Saunders Company\|page=202\|isbn=9780721676289\|url=https://archive.org/details/moderndescriptiv0000roch/mode/1up}}</ref>
	Heating <sub>2</sub> under a stream of ] at 200 °C produces ] sponge. Treating this with chlorine gives H<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub>.<ref name=Kauuf/>
			:3(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub> → 3Pt(s) + 2NH<sub>4</sub>Cl(g) + 16HCl(g) + 2N<sub>2</sub>(g)

			==Safety==
			Dust containing ammonium hexachloroplatinate can be highly allergenic. "Symptoms range from irritation of skin and mucous membranes to life-threatening attacks of asthma."<ref>{{cite book \|doi=10.1002/14356007.a21_075\|chapter=Platinum Group Metals and Compounds \|title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry \|year=2001 \|last1=Renner \|first1=Hermann \|last2=Schlamp \|first2=Günther \|last3=Kleinwächter \|first3=Ingo \|last4=Drost \|first4=Ernst \|last5=Lüschow \|first5=Hans Martin \|last6=Tews \|first6=Peter \|last7=Panster \|first7=Peter \|last8=Diehl \|first8=Manfred \|last9=Lang \|first9=Jutta \|last10=Kreuzer \|first10=Thomas \|last11=Knödler \|first11=Alfons \|last12=Starz \|first12=Karl Anton \|last13=Dermann \|first13=Klaus \|last14=Rothaut \|first14=Josef \|last15=Drieselmann \|first15=Ralf \|last16=Peter \|first16=Catrin \|last17=Schiele \|first17=Rainer \|isbn=3527306730 }}</ref>


			==Related compounds==
			*]

	==References==		==References==
	{{~~reflist~~}}		{{Reflist}}

			{{Ammonium salts}}
⚫	]
	]		{{Platinum compounds}}

		⚫	]
	]
			]
	]
			]
			]

Latest revision as of 21:11, 23 December 2024

Ammonium hexachloroplatinate
Names


IUPAC name Ammonium hexachloroplatinate(IV)
Other names ammonium chloroplatinate
Identifiers
CAS Number	16919-58-7
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:59604
ChemSpider	10628022
ECHA InfoCard	100.037.233
EC Number	240-973-0
PubChem CID	16211460
UNII	1653N9XMIC
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID10893445
InChI InChI=1S/6ClH.2H3N.Pt/h61H;21H3;/q;;;;;;;;+4/p-4Key: PCCGQTHFYHJATL-UHFFFAOYSA-J InChI=1/6ClH.2H3N.Pt/h61H;21H3;/q;;;;;;;;+4/p-4/rCl6Pt.2H3N/c1-7(2,3,4,5)6;;/h;2*1H3/q-2;;/p+2Key: PCCGQTHFYHJATL-WPAIPAOFAY
SMILES ..Cl(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl
Properties
Chemical formula	(NH₄)₂PtCl₆
Molar mass	443.87 g/mol
Appearance	yellow crystals
Odor	odorless
Density	3.065 g/cm
Melting point	380 °C (716 °F; 653 K) decomposes
Solubility in water	0.289 g/100ml (0 °C) 0.7 g/100ml (15 °C) 0.499 g/100ml (20 °C) 3.36 g/100ml (100 °C)
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H290, H301, H317, H318, H334
Precautionary statements	P234, P261, P264, P270, P272, P280, P285, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P333+P313, P342+P311, P363, P390, P404, P405, P501
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD₅₀ (median dose)	195 mg/kg rat
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). Y verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Chemical compound

Ammonium hexachloroplatinate, also known as ammonium chloroplatinate, is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH₄)₂. It is a rare example of a soluble platinum(IV) salt that is not hygroscopic. It forms intensely yellow solutions in water. In the presence of 1M NH₄Cl, its solubility is only 0.0028 g/100 mL.

Preparation and structure

The compound consists of separate tetrahedral ammonium cations and octahedral anions. It is usually generated as a fine yellow precipitate by treating a solution of hexachloroplatinic acid with a solution of an ammonium salt. The complex is so poorly soluble that this step is employed in the isolation of platinum from ores and recycled residues.

As analyzed by X-ray crystallography, the salt crystallizes in a cubic motif reminiscent of the fluorite structure. The centers are octahedral. The NH₄ centers are hydrogen bonded to the chloride ligands.

Uses and reactions

Ammonium hexachloroplatinate is used in platinum plating. Heating (NH₄)₂ under a stream of hydrogen at 200 °C produces platinum sponge. Treating this with chlorine gives H₂.

Ammonium hexachloroplatinate decomposes to yield platinum sponge when heated to high temperatures:

3(NH₄)₂PtCl₆ → 3Pt(s) + 2NH₄Cl(g) + 16HCl(g) + 2N₂(g)

Safety

Dust containing ammonium hexachloroplatinate can be highly allergenic. "Symptoms range from irritation of skin and mucous membranes to life-threatening attacks of asthma."

Related compounds

Potassium hexachloroplatinate

References

"ammonium hexachloroplatinate(IV)". Chemister.ru. 2007-03-19. Retrieved 2014-06-03.
^ George B. Kauffman (1967). "Ammonium Hexachloroplatinate(IV)". Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 9. pp. 182–185. doi:10.1002/9780470132401.ch51. ISBN 978-0-470-13240-1.
Cotton, S. A. Chemistry of Precious Metals, Chapman and Hall (London): 1997. ISBN 0-7514-0413-6.
Verde-Gómez, Y.; Alonso-Nuñez, G.; Cervantes, F.; Keer, A. "Aqueous solution reaction to synthesize ammonium hexachloroplatinate and its crystallographic and thermogravimetric characterization" Materials Letters, 2003, volume 57, p 4667-4672. doi:10.1016/S0167-577X(03)00381-1
Rochow, Eugene George (1977). Modern Descriptive Chemistry. W. B. Saunders Company. p. 202. ISBN 9780721676289.
Renner, Hermann; Schlamp, Günther; Kleinwächter, Ingo; Drost, Ernst; Lüschow, Hans Martin; Tews, Peter; Panster, Peter; Diehl, Manfred; Lang, Jutta; Kreuzer, Thomas; Knödler, Alfons; Starz, Karl Anton; Dermann, Klaus; Rothaut, Josef; Drieselmann, Ralf; Peter, Catrin; Schiele, Rainer (2001). "Platinum Group Metals and Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_075. ISBN 3527306730.

Ammonium salts

Inorganic salts

monatomic anions	NH₄F (NH₄)₂S NH₄Cl (NH₄)₂Se NH₄Br NH₄I
oxyanions	NH₄NO₂ NH₄NO₃ (NH₄)₂CO₃ (NH₄)₄UO₂(CO₃)₂ (NH₄)HCO₃ NH₄H₂AsO₄ NH₄OCN (NH₄)₃PO₄ NH₄PH₂O₂ (NH₄)₂HPO₄ (NH₄)H₂PO₄ (NH₄PO₄)_n(OH)₂ NH₄NaHPO₄ (NH₄)₂SO₃ (NH₄)₂SO₄ (NH₄)Al(SO₄)₂·12H₂O (NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂·6H₂O NH₄Fe(SO₄)₂·12H₂O NH₄SO₃NH₂ (NH₄)HSO₄ (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ (NH₄)₂S₂O₃ NH₄ClO₃ NH₄ClO₄ NH₄VO₃ (NH₄)₂CrO₄ (NH₄)₂Cr₂O₇ NH₄MnO₄ (NH₄)₃AsO₄ NH₄BrO₄ (NH₄)₂MoO₄ (NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄ (NH₄)₃Mo₁₂PO₄₀ NH₄IO₃ (NH₄)₂Ce(NO₃)₆ (NH₄)₈Ce₂(SO₄)₈·4H₂O (NH₄)₁₀H₂W₁₂O₄₂·4H₂O NH₄ReO₄ (NH₄)₂TeO₄
other anions	NH₄BF₄ NH₄N₃ NH₄CN NH₄[Au(CN)₂] (NH₄)HF₂ (NH₄)₂SeBr₆ (NH₄)₃AlF₆ NH₄SbF₆ NH₄AsF₆ (NH₄)₃CrF₆ (NH₄)₃FeF₆ (NH₄)₃GaF₆ (NH₄)₂GeF₆ (NH₄)₃InF₆ NH₄NbF₆ (NH₄)₂PtF₆ (NH₄)₂ReF₆ (NH₄)₂SnF₆ NH₄TaF₆ (NH₄)₂UF₆ (NH₄)₃VF₆ (NH₄)SiF₆ (NH₄)HS NH₄SCN (NH₄)₂ZnCl₄ (NH₄)₂MoS₄ NH₄I₃ (NH₄)₂PtBr₆ (NH₄)₂SnBr₆ (NH₄)₂TeCl₆ (NH₄)₂IrCl₆ (NH₄)₂OsCl₆ (NH₄)₂PtCl₆ (NH₄)₂ReCl₆ (NH₄)₂PdCl₆ (NH₄)₂PbCl₆ (NH₄)₃RhCl₆ (NH₄)₂SeCl₆ (NH₄)₂SnCl₆ (NH₄)₄[Fe(CN)₆] (NH₄)₃VS₄

Organic salts

Platinum compounds

Pt(−II)

Cs₂Pt

Pt(0)

Pt(PPh₃)₄

Pt(II)

Organoplatinum(II) compounds	PtCl₂(Cod) Pt(CNO)₂ KPtCl₃C₂H₄

Pt(IV)

Pt(V)

Pt(VI)

PtF₆

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