Levocabastine: Difference between revisions

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			{{Short description\|Chemical compound}}
	{{Drugbox		{{Drugbox
	\| Verifiedfields = changed		\| Verifiedfields = changed
			\| Watchedfields = changed
	\| verifiedrevid = 462090822		\| verifiedrevid = 462090822
			\| image = Levocabastine.svg
⚫	\| IUPAC_name = (3''S'',4''R'')-1--3-methyl-4-~~phenylpiperidine~~-4-~~carboxylic~~ acid
		⚫	\| width = 260
	\| image = Levocabastine2.png
⚫	\| width = ~~140~~

	<!--Clinical data-->		<!--Clinical data-->
	\| tradename =		\| tradename = Livostin
	\| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com\|CONS\|levocabastine}}		\| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com\|CONS\|levocabastine}}
	\| pregnancy_AU = B3		\| pregnancy_AU = B3
	\| pregnancy_US = C		\| pregnancy_US = C
			\| legal_US = Rx-only
			\| legal_US_comment = <ref>{{cite web\|title=Livostin - levocabastine hydrochloride suspension \|url=http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=420b3f66-87f0-47d8-947c-541e84eb594a\| work = DailyMed \| publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine \|access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref>
	\| legal_status = Rx-only		\| legal_status = Rx-only
	\| routes_of_administration = Ophthalmic, intranasal<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.rxmed.com/b.main/b2.pharmaceutical/b2.1.monographs/CPS-%20Monographs/CPS-%20(General%20Monographs-%20L)/LIVOSTIN%20NASAL%20SPRAY.html \| ~~title~~ = RxMed: Pharmaceutical Information - ~~LIVOSTIN~~ ~~NASAL~~ ~~SPRAY~~ \| ~~accessdate~~ = 13 November 2005}}</ref>		\| routes_of_administration = Ophthalmic, intranasal<ref>{{cite web \| url = http://www.rxmed.com/b.main/b2.pharmaceutical/b2.1.monographs/CPS-%20Monographs/CPS-%20(General%20Monographs-%20L)/LIVOSTIN%20NASAL%20SPRAY.html \| work = RxMed: Pharmaceutical Information \| title = Livostin Nasal Spray \| access-date = 13 November 2005}}</ref>
		⚫	\| ATC_prefix = R01
		⚫	\| ATC_suffix = AC02
		⚫	\| ATC_supplemental = {{ATC\|S01\|GX02}}

	<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->		<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
	\| bioavailability =		\| bioavailability =
	\| protein_bound =		\| protein_bound =
	\| metabolism =		\| metabolism =
	\| elimination_half-life = 3		\| elimination_half-life =

	<!--Identifiers-->		<!--Identifiers-->
	\| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite\|correct\|CAS}}
	\| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite\|correct\|??}}		\| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite\|correct\|??}}
	\| CAS_number = 79516-68-0		\| CAS_number = 79516-68-0
⚫	\| ATC_prefix = R01
⚫	\| ATC_suffix = AC02
⚫	\| ATC_supplemental = {{ATC\|S01\|GX02}}
	\| PubChem = 54385		\| PubChem = 54385
	\| IUPHAR_ligand = 1586		\| IUPHAR_ligand = 1586
	\| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite\|~~changed~~\|drugbank}}		\| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite\|correct\|drugbank}}
	\| DrugBank = DB01106		\| DrugBank = DB01106
	\| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite\|correct\|chemspider}}		\| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite\|correct\|chemspider}}
	\| ChemSpiderID = 16736421		\| ChemSpiderID = 16736421
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	<!--Chemical data-->		<!--Chemical data-->
		⚫	\| IUPAC_name = (3''S'',4''R'')-1--3-methyl-4-phenyl-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid
	\| C=26 \| H=29 \| F=1 \| N=2 \| O=2		\| C=26 \| H=29 \| F=1 \| N=2 \| O=2
	\| molecular_weight = 420.519 g/mol
	\| smiles = Fc1ccc(cc1)2(CC(CC2)N3CC((C)C3)(c4ccccc4)C(O)=O)C#N		\| smiles = Fc1ccc(cc1)2(CC(CC2)N3CC((C)C3)(c4ccccc4)C(O)=O)C#N
	\| InChI = 1/C26H29FN2O2/c1-19-17-29(16-15-26(19,24(30)31)21-5-3-2-4-6-21)23-11-13-25(18-28,14-12-23)20-7-9-22(27)10-8-20/h2-10,19,23H,11-17H2,1H3,(H,30,31)/t19-,23-,25-,26-/m1/s1
	\| InChIKey = ZCGOMHNNNFPNMX-KYTRFIICBU
	\| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite\|correct\|chemspider}}		\| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite\|correct\|chemspider}}
	\| StdInChI = 1S/C26H29FN2O2/c1-19-17-29(16-15-26(19,24(30)31)21-5-3-2-4-6-21)23-11-13-25(18-28,14-12-23)20-7-9-22(27)10-8-20/h2-10,19,23H,11-17H2,1H3,(H,30,31)/t19-,23-,25-,26-/m1/s1		\| StdInChI = 1S/C26H29FN2O2/c1-19-17-29(16-15-26(19,24(30)31)21-5-3-2-4-6-21)23-11-13-25(18-28,14-12-23)20-7-9-22(27)10-8-20/h2-10,19,23H,11-17H2,1H3,(H,30,31)/t19-,23-,25-,26-/m1/s1
Line 51:		Line 51:
	\| StdInChIKey = ZCGOMHNNNFPNMX-KYTRFIICSA-N		\| StdInChIKey = ZCGOMHNNNFPNMX-KYTRFIICSA-N
	}}		}}
⚫	'''Levocabastine''' is a selective ] which was discovered at ] in 1979. It is used for allergic ].<ref>Pipkorn U, Bende M, Hedner J, Hedner T., A double-blind evaluation of topical levocabastine, a new specific H1 antagonist in patients with allergic conjunctivitis. ''Allergy~~''.~~ ~~1985~~ ~~Oct;~~40(7~~):491~~-6.</ref>

		⚫	'''Levocabastine''' (trade name '''Livostin''' or Livocab, depending on the region) is a selective second-generation ] which was discovered at ] in 1979. It is used for allergic ].<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Pipkorn U, Bende M, Hedner J, Hedner T \| title = A double-blind evaluation of topical levocabastine, a new specific H1 antagonist in patients with allergic conjunctivitis \| journal = Allergy \| volume = 40 \| issue = 7 \| pages = 491–496 \| date = October 1985 \| pmid = 2866725 \| doi = 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00255.x \| s2cid = 8681108 }}</ref>
⚫	As well as acting as an antihistamine, levocabastine has also subsequently been found to act as a potent and selective antagonist for the ] receptor ], and was the first drug used to characterise the different neurotensin subtypes.<ref ~~name="pmid3022160"~~>{{cite journal \|~~author~~=Schotte A, Leysen JE, Laduron PM \|title=Evidence for a displaceable non-specific neurotensin binding site in rat brain \|journal=Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology \|volume=333 \|issue=4 \|pages~~=400–5~~ ~~\|year~~=~~1986~~ \|~~month~~=August \|pmid=3022160 \|doi= 10.1007/BF00500016~~\|url=~~ \|~~issn~~=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2888670">{{cite journal \|~~author~~=Kitabgi P, Rostène W, Dussaillant M, Schotte A, Laduron PM, Vincent JP \|title=Two populations of neurotensin binding sites in murine brain: discrimination by the antihistamine levocabastine reveals markedly different radioautographic distribution \|journal=European Journal of Pharmacology \|volume=140 \|issue=3 \|pages~~=285–93~~ ~~\|year~~=~~1987~~ \|~~month~~=August \|pmid=2888670 \|doi= 10.1016/0014-2999(87)90285-8~~\|url=~~ ~~\|issn=~~}}</ref> This has made it a useful tool for the study of this receptor.<ref name="pmid8647296">{{cite journal \|~~author~~=Chalon P, Vita N, Kaghad M, Guillemot M, Bonnin J, Delpech B, Le Fur G, Ferrara P, Caput D \|title=Molecular cloning of a levocabastine-sensitive neurotensin binding site \|journal=FEBS Letters \|volume=386 \|issue=~~2-3~~ \|pages~~=91–4~~ ~~\|year~~=~~1996~~ \|~~month~~=May \|pmid=8647296 \|doi= 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00397-3\|~~url~~=~~http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(96)00397-3~~ \|~~issn~~=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8795617">{{cite journal \|~~author~~=Mazella J, Botto JM, Guillemare E, Coppola T, Sarret P, Vincent JP \|title=Structure, functional expression, and cerebral localization of the levocabastine-sensitive neurotensin/neuromedin N receptor from mouse brain \|journal=Journal of Neuroscience \|volume=16 \|issue=18 \|pages~~=5613–20~~ ~~\|year~~=~~1996~~ \|~~month~~=September \|pmid=8795617 \|~~doi~~= \|~~url~~=~~http:~~/~~/www~~.~~jneurosci~~.~~org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=8795617~~ \|~~issn~~=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16148226">{{cite journal \|~~author~~=Sarret P, Esdaile MJ, Perron A, Martinez J, Stroh T, Beaudet A \|title=Potent spinal analgesia elicited through stimulation of NTS2 neurotensin receptors \|journal=Journal of Neuroscience \|volume=25 \|issue=36 \|pages~~=8188–96~~ ~~\|year~~=~~2005~~ \|~~month~~=September \|pmid=16148226 \|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0810-05.2005 \|~~url=~~ ~~\|issn~~=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17074405">{{cite journal \|~~author~~=Bredeloux P, Costentin J, Dubuc I \|title=Interactions between NTS2 neurotensin and opioid receptors on two nociceptive responses assessed on the hot plate test in mice \|journal=Behavioural Brain Research \|volume=175 \|issue=2 \|pages=399–407 \|~~year=2006~~ ~~\|month~~=December \|pmid=17074405 \|doi=10.1016/j.bbr.2006.09.016 \|~~url=~~ ~~\|issn~~=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17697051">{{cite journal \|~~author~~=Yamauchi R, Wada E, Kamichi S, Yamada D, Maeno H, Delawary M, Nakazawa T, Yamamoto T, Wada K \|title=Neurotensin type 2 receptor is involved in fear memory in mice \|journal=Journal of Neurochemistry \|volume=102 \|issue=5 \|pages~~=1669–76~~ ~~\|year~~=~~2007~~ \|~~month~~=September \|pmid=17697051 \|doi=10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04805.x \|~~url~~= \|~~issn~~=}}</ref>

		⚫	As well as acting as an antihistamine, levocabastine has also subsequently been found to act as a potent and selective antagonist for the ] receptor ], and was the first drug used to characterise the different neurotensin subtypes.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors = Schotte A, Leysen JE, Laduron PM \| title = Evidence for a displaceable non-specific neurotensin binding site in rat brain \| journal = Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology \| volume = 333 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 400–405 \| date = August 1986 \| pmid = 3022160 \| doi = 10.1007/BF00500016 \| s2cid = 23692347 }}</ref><ref name="pmid2888670">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Kitabgi P, Rostène W, Dussaillant M, Schotte A, Laduron PM, Vincent JP \| title = Two populations of neurotensin binding sites in murine brain: discrimination by the antihistamine levocabastine reveals markedly different radioautographic distribution \| journal = European Journal of Pharmacology \| volume = 140 \| issue = 3 \| pages = 285–293 \| date = August 1987 \| pmid = 2888670 \| doi = 10.1016/0014-2999(87)90285-8 }}</ref> This has made it a useful tool for the study of this receptor.<ref name="pmid8647296">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Chalon P, Vita N, Kaghad M, Guillemot M, Bonnin J, Delpech B, Le Fur G, Ferrara P, Caput D \| display-authors = 6 \| title = Molecular cloning of a levocabastine-sensitive neurotensin binding site \| journal = FEBS Letters \| volume = 386 \| issue = 2–3 \| pages = 91–94 \| date = May 1996 \| pmid = 8647296 \| doi = 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00397-3 \| s2cid = 5802578 \| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid8795617">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Mazella J, Botto JM, Guillemare E, Coppola T, Sarret P, Vincent JP \| title = Structure, functional expression, and cerebral localization of the levocabastine-sensitive neurotensin/neuromedin N receptor from mouse brain \| journal = The Journal of Neuroscience \| volume = 16 \| issue = 18 \| pages = 5613–5620 \| date = September 1996 \| pmid = 8795617 \| pmc = 6578974 \| doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-18-05613.1996 \| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid16148226">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Sarret P, Esdaile MJ, Perron A, Martinez J, Stroh T, Beaudet A \| title = Potent spinal analgesia elicited through stimulation of NTS2 neurotensin receptors \| journal = The Journal of Neuroscience \| volume = 25 \| issue = 36 \| pages = 8188–8196 \| date = September 2005 \| pmid = 16148226 \| pmc = 6725526 \| doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0810-05.2005 \| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid17074405">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Bredeloux P, Costentin J, Dubuc I \| title = Interactions between NTS2 neurotensin and opioid receptors on two nociceptive responses assessed on the hot plate test in mice \| journal = Behavioural Brain Research \| volume = 175 \| issue = 2 \| pages = 399–407 \| date = December 2006 \| pmid = 17074405 \| doi = 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.09.016 \| s2cid = 24790151 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17697051">{{cite journal \| vauthors = Yamauchi R, Wada E, Kamichi S, Yamada D, Maeno H, Delawary M, Nakazawa T, Yamamoto T, Wada K \| display-authors = 6 \| title = Neurotensin type 2 receptor is involved in fear memory in mice \| journal = Journal of Neurochemistry \| volume = 102 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 1669–1676 \| date = September 2007 \| pmid = 17697051 \| doi = 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04805.x \| s2cid = 19774998 \| doi-access = free }}</ref>

			The ] '''Bilina''' is a combination of Levocabastine, ], and other components and is typically used in a 0.5 mg/ml suspension as eye-drops, dispensed in 4ml bottles for the treatment of allergic ] or similar allergic ocular conditions. Another formulation is available as a ] for the management of ].<ref>{{cite web\|title=Levocabastine ophthalmic\|website=vademecum.es \|url=http://www.vademecum.es/principios-activos-levocabastina+oftalmica-s01gx02\|access-date=11 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=★ Levocabastina 🥇 \|url=https://www.vademecum.es/principios-activos-levocabastina-r01ac02-es \|access-date=2024-09-16 \|website=www.vademecum.es}}</ref>

	== References ==		== References ==
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	== External links ==		== External links ==
			* {{cite web \| url = https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/rn/79516-68-0 \| publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine \| work = Drug Information Portal \| title = Levocabastine }}
	* {{cite web \| author=RxList \| year=2004 \| title=Livostin Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Levocabastine \| work=LIVOSTIN \| publisher=RxList Inc \| url = http://www.rxlist.com/drugs/drug-8041-Livostin+Opht.aspx?drugid=8041&drugname=Livostin+Opht \| accessdate=9 October 2005 }} {{Dead link\|date=October 2010\|bot=H3llBot}}
			* {{cite web \| url = https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/levocabastine%20hydrochloride \| publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine \| work = Drug Information Portal \| title = Levocabastine hydrochloride }}
	* {{cite web \| author = Novartis Pharmaceuticals \| month = March \| year = 2002 \| title = LIVOSTIN\| url = http://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/product/pi/pdf/livostin.pdf \| accessdate = August 20, 2006 \| format = PDF }}

	{{Histaminergics}}		{{Histaminergics}}
	{{Nasal preparations}}		{{Nasal preparations}}
			{{Portal bar \| Medicine}}
	{{Neuropeptide agonists and antagonists}}

	]		]
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	]		]
		⚫	]

			]
		⚫	]

	{{respiratory-system-drug-stub}}		{{respiratory-system-drug-stub}}

	]
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Latest revision as of 15:54, 16 September 2024

Chemical compound Pharmaceutical compound

Levocabastine
Clinical data

Trade names	Livostin
AHFS/Drugs.com	Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information
Pregnancy category	AU: B3
Routes of administration	Ophthalmic, intranasal
ATC code	R01AC02 (WHO) S01GX02 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Identifiers
IUPAC name (3S,4R)-1--3-methyl-4-phenyl-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid
CAS Number	79516-68-0
PubChem CID	54385
IUPHAR/BPS	1586
DrugBank	DB01106
ChemSpider	16736421
UNII	H68BP06S81
KEGG	D08117
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1201312
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1048548
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₆H₂₉FN₂O₂
Molar mass	420.528 g·mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES Fc1ccc(cc1)2(CC(CC2)N3CC((C)C3)(c4ccccc4)C(O)=O)C#N
InChI InChI=1S/C26H29FN2O2/c1-19-17-29(16-15-26(19,24(30)31)21-5-3-2-4-6-21)23-11-13-25(18-28,14-12-23)20-7-9-22(27)10-8-20/h2-10,19,23H,11-17H2,1H3,(H,30,31)/t19-,23-,25-,26-/m1/s1 Key:ZCGOMHNNNFPNMX-KYTRFIICSA-N
(what is this?) (verify)

Levocabastine (trade name Livostin or Livocab, depending on the region) is a selective second-generation H₁ receptor antagonist which was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1979. It is used for allergic conjunctivitis.

As well as acting as an antihistamine, levocabastine has also subsequently been found to act as a potent and selective antagonist for the neurotensin receptor NTS₂, and was the first drug used to characterise the different neurotensin subtypes. This has made it a useful tool for the study of this receptor.

The pharmaceutical drug Bilina is a combination of Levocabastine, benzalkonium chloride, and other components and is typically used in a 0.5 mg/ml suspension as eye-drops, dispensed in 4ml bottles for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis or similar allergic ocular conditions. Another formulation is available as a nasal spray for the management of allergic rhinitis.

References

"Livostin Nasal Spray". RxMed: Pharmaceutical Information. Retrieved 13 November 2005.
"Livostin - levocabastine hydrochloride suspension". DailyMed. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
Pipkorn U, Bende M, Hedner J, Hedner T (October 1985). "A double-blind evaluation of topical levocabastine, a new specific H1 antagonist in patients with allergic conjunctivitis". Allergy. 40 (7): 491–496. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00255.x. PMID 2866725. S2CID 8681108.
Schotte A, Leysen JE, Laduron PM (August 1986). "Evidence for a displaceable non-specific neurotensin binding site in rat brain". Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 333 (4): 400–405. doi:10.1007/BF00500016. PMID 3022160. S2CID 23692347.
Kitabgi P, Rostène W, Dussaillant M, Schotte A, Laduron PM, Vincent JP (August 1987). "Two populations of neurotensin binding sites in murine brain: discrimination by the antihistamine levocabastine reveals markedly different radioautographic distribution". European Journal of Pharmacology. 140 (3): 285–293. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(87)90285-8. PMID 2888670.
Chalon P, Vita N, Kaghad M, Guillemot M, Bonnin J, Delpech B, et al. (May 1996). "Molecular cloning of a levocabastine-sensitive neurotensin binding site". FEBS Letters. 386 (2–3): 91–94. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00397-3. PMID 8647296. S2CID 5802578.
Mazella J, Botto JM, Guillemare E, Coppola T, Sarret P, Vincent JP (September 1996). "Structure, functional expression, and cerebral localization of the levocabastine-sensitive neurotensin/neuromedin N receptor from mouse brain". The Journal of Neuroscience. 16 (18): 5613–5620. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-18-05613.1996. PMC 6578974. PMID 8795617.
Sarret P, Esdaile MJ, Perron A, Martinez J, Stroh T, Beaudet A (September 2005). "Potent spinal analgesia elicited through stimulation of NTS2 neurotensin receptors". The Journal of Neuroscience. 25 (36): 8188–8196. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0810-05.2005. PMC 6725526. PMID 16148226.
Bredeloux P, Costentin J, Dubuc I (December 2006). "Interactions between NTS2 neurotensin and opioid receptors on two nociceptive responses assessed on the hot plate test in mice". Behavioural Brain Research. 175 (2): 399–407. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.09.016. PMID 17074405. S2CID 24790151.
Yamauchi R, Wada E, Kamichi S, Yamada D, Maeno H, Delawary M, et al. (September 2007). "Neurotensin type 2 receptor is involved in fear memory in mice". Journal of Neurochemistry. 102 (5): 1669–1676. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04805.x. PMID 17697051. S2CID 19774998.
"Levocabastine ophthalmic". vademecum.es. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
"★ Levocabastina 🥇". www.vademecum.es. Retrieved 2024-09-16.

External links

"Levocabastine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
"Levocabastine hydrochloride". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Histamine receptor modulators

H₁

Agonists

Antagonists

Others: Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, brilaroxazine, clozapine, iloperidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, ziprasidone, zotepine)
Phenylpiperazine antidepressants (e.g., hydroxynefazodone, nefazodone, trazodone, triazoledione)
Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine, loxapine, maprotiline, mianserin, mirtazapine, oxaprotiline)
Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, butriptyline, clomipramine, desipramine, dosulepin (dothiepin), doxepin, imipramine, iprindole, lofepramine, nortriptyline, protriptyline, trimipramine)
Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, flupenthixol, fluphenazine, loxapine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, thioridazine, thiothixene)

H₂

Agonists	Amthamine Betazole Dimaprit Histamine HTMT Impromidine L-Histidine UR-AK49
Antagonists	Bisfentidine Burimamide Cimetidine Dalcotidine Donetidine Ebrotidine Etintidine Famotidine Isolamtidine Lafutidine Lamtidine Lavoltidine (loxtidine) Lupitidine Metiamide Mifentidine Niperotidine Nizatidine Osutidine Oxmetidine Pibutidine Quisultazine (quisultidine) Ramixotidine Ranitidine Roxatidine Sufotidine Tiotidine Tuvatidine Venritidine Xaltidine Zolantidine

H₃

Agonists	α-Methylhistamine Cipralisant Histamine Imetit Immepip Immethridine L-Histidine Methimepip Proxyfan
Antagonists	A-349821 A-423579 ABT-239 ABT-652 AZD5213 Bavisant Betahistine Burimamide Ciproxifan Clobenpropit Conessine Enerisant GSK-189254 Impentamine Iodophenpropit Irdabisant JNJ-5207852 NNC 38-1049 PF-03654746 Pitolisant SCH-79687 Thioperamide VUF-5681

H₄

Agonists	4-Methylhistamine α-Methylhistamine Histamine L-Histidine OUP-16 VUF-8430
Antagonists	JNJ-7777120 Mianserin Seliforant Thioperamide Toreforant VUF-6002

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators; Monoamine metabolism modulators; Monoamine reuptake inhibitors

Decongestants and other nasal preparations (R01)

Topical

Sympathomimetics, plain	Amidephrine Cyclopentamine Ephedrine Epinephrine Fenoxazoline Iproheptine Levmetamfetamine Methylephedrine Metizoline Naphazoline Oxymetazoline Phenylephrine Propylhexedrine Tetryzoline Tramazoline Tuaminoheptane Tymazoline Xylometazoline
Antiallergic agents, excluding corticosteroids	Spaglumic acid histamine antagonists (Levocabastine Antazoline Thonzylamine) mast cell stabilizer (some are also antihistamines) (Cromoglicic acid Nedocromil Azelastine Olopatadine Lodoxamide)
Corticosteroids	Beclometasone dipropionate Betamethasone Budesonide Ciclesonide Dexamethasone Flunisolide Fluticasone (Fluticasone furoate, Fluticasone propionate) Mometasone furoate Prednisolone Tixocortol Triamcinolone Triamcinolone acetonide
Other nasal preparations	Cafaminol Calcium hexamine thiocyanate Eucalyptus oil Framycetin Hexamidine Hyaluronan Ipratropium bromide Mupirocin Retinol Ritiometan Saline water
Combination products	Olopatadine/mometasone

Systemic use:
Sympathomimetics

WHO-EM
Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- Phase III
- Never to phase III

Portal:

Medicine

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