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{{Short description|Department of France}} | |||
{{Infobox_Department_of_France| | |||
{{Expand French|Somme (département)}} | |||
department=Somme|number=80| | |||
{{Infobox settlement | |||
region=]| | |||
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Somme | |||
prefecture=]| | |||
| native_name = {{native name|pcd|Sonme}} | |||
subprefectures=]<br>]<br>]| | |||
| native_name_lang = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | |||
population=555,551|pop_date=1999|pop_rank=40th|density=90| | |||
| type = ] | |||
area=6170|area_scale=9| | |||
| image_skyline = Amiens, hôtel de préfecture (7).JPG | |||
arrond=4|cantons=46|communes=783| | |||
| image_alt = | |||
president=]|pres_party=| | |||
| image_caption = ] building of the Somme department, in ] | |||
img_coa=blason80.PNG| | |||
| image_flag = Drapeau fr département Somme.svg | |||
| flag_alt = | |||
| image_shield = Blason département fr Somme.svg | |||
| shield_alt = | |||
| nickname = | |||
| motto = | |||
| image_map = Somme-Position.svg | |||
| map_alt = | |||
| map_caption = Location of Somme in France | |||
| pushpin_map = | |||
| pushpin_label_position = | |||
| pushpin_map_alt = | |||
| pushpin_map_caption = | |||
| coordinates = {{Coord|49|53|N|02|25|E|region:FR-80_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}} | |||
| coor_pinpoint = | |||
| coordinates_footnotes = | |||
| subdivision_type = ] | |||
| subdivision_name = ] | |||
| subdivision_type1 = ] | |||
| subdivision_name1 = ] | |||
| established_title = | |||
| established_date = | |||
| founder = | |||
| seat_type = ] | |||
| seat = ] | |||
| parts_type = ] | |||
| parts_style = para | |||
| p1 = ]<br>]<br>] | |||
| government_footnotes = | |||
| leader_party = | |||
| leader_title = ] | |||
| leader_name = Stéphane Haussoulier<ref>{{cite web |title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux |url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba |website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref> | |||
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | |||
| area_magnitude = | |||
| area_footnotes = {{ref|area|1}} | |||
| area_total_km2 = 6170 | |||
| area_note = | |||
| elevation_footnotes = | |||
| elevation_m = | |||
| elevation_min_m = | |||
| elevation_max_m = | |||
| population_total = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}} | |||
| population_as_of = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}} | |||
| population_footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}} | |||
| population_rank = ] | |||
| population_density_km2 = auto | |||
| population_demonym = | |||
| population_note = | |||
| blank_name_sec1 = ] | |||
| blank_info_sec1 = 80 | |||
| blank_name_sec2 = ] | |||
| blank_info_sec2 = ] | |||
| blank1_name_sec2 = ] | |||
| blank1_info_sec2 = ] | |||
| blank2_name_sec2 = ] | |||
| blank2_info_sec2 = ] | |||
| timezone1 = ] | |||
| utc_offset1 = +1 | |||
| timezone1_DST = ] | |||
| utc_offset1_DST = +2 | |||
| postal_code_type = | |||
| postal_code = | |||
| area_code_type = | |||
| area_code = | |||
| iso_code = FR-80 | |||
| website = | |||
| footnotes = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude ], and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup> | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Somme''' is a French '']'', named after the ], located in the north of ]. It is part of the ] of ]. | |||
'''Somme''' ({{IPA|fr|sɔm|-|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Somme.wav}}; {{langx|pcd|Sonme}}) is a ] of ], located in the north of the country and named after the ]. It is part of the ] ]. It is bordered by ] and ] to the north, ] to the east, ] to the south and ] to the southwest. To the northwest, its coastline faces the ] and it shares maritime borders with ] and ] in the ]. It had a population of 570,559 in 2019.<ref name=pop2019>, INSEE</ref> | |||
The Somme was the site of many great battles of ] with a number of monuments to soldiers from various countries. It is now used as a graveyard for the many soldiers killed on the battlefield. | |||
The north central area of the Somme was the site of a series of battles during ], including the particularly significant ] in 1916. As a result of this and other battles fought in the area, the department is home to many military ] and several major monuments commemorating the many soldiers from various countries who died on its ]fields. The 1346 ], a major English victory early in the ], also took place in this department. | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The ] of Somme is speculated to come from a ] term, ''Sumena''. | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
==Geography== | |||
* ] | |||
The Somme department is in the current ] of ] and is surrounded by the departments of ], ], ], ] and ]. In the northwest, it has a coast on the ]. The main rivers are the ] and its tributaries (], ] and ], the ]) as well as the ]. | |||
===Principal towns=== | |||
The most populous commune is ], the prefecture. {{As of|2019|}}, there are 9 communes with more than 5,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/> | |||
{| class=wikitable | |||
! Commune | |||
! Population (2019) | |||
|- | |||
| ] | |||
| style="text-align: center;" | 134,706 | |||
|- | |||
| ] | |||
| style="text-align: center;" | 22,980 | |||
|- | |||
| ] | |||
| style="text-align: center;" | 9,779 | |||
|- | |||
| ] | |||
| style="text-align: center;" | 7,577 | |||
|- | |||
| ] | |||
| style="text-align: center;" | 6,292 | |||
|- | |||
| ] | |||
| style="text-align: center;" | 6,113 | |||
|- | |||
| ] | |||
| style="text-align: center;" | 5,890 | |||
|- | |||
| ] | |||
| style="text-align: center;" | 5,765 | |||
|- | |||
| ] | |||
| style="text-align: center;" | 5,693 | |||
|} | |||
==Battles of the Somme== | |||
{{Main article|Battle of the Somme}} | |||
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2014}} | |||
At the beginning of the ], during the ] of September and November 1914, the Somme became the site of the ]. The battle was a five-day engagement between 25 and 29 September, with the ] attacking at Albert and pushing toward ], and the ] counter-attacking back towards Albert. The line settled around the town of ] and remained there until July 1916, when the Battle of the Somme was fought on and around the same ground. | |||
The Battle of the Somme was one of the most ] battles of World War I, by the number of troop casualties, as ] forces attempted to break through the ] lines along a {{convert|40|km}} front north and south of the ]. The Allies had originally intended the Somme to be the site of one of several simultaneous major offensives by Allied powers against the ] in 1916. However, before these offensives could begin, the Germans attacked first, engaging the Allies at the ]. As this battle dragged on, the purpose of the Somme campaign (which was still in the planning stage) shifted from striking a decisive blow against Germany to drawing German forces away from Verdun and relieving the Allied forces there. By its end, the losses on the Somme had exceeded those at Verdun. | |||
While Verdun would bite deep in the national consciousness of France for generations, the Somme would have the same effect on generations of Britons. The battle is best remembered for its first day, 1 July 1916, on which the British suffered 57,420 casualties, including 19,240 dead—the bloodiest day in the history of the ] to this day. As terrible as the battle was for the British Empire troops who suffered there, it naturally affected the other nationalities as well. By the end of the battle, the British had learned many lessons in modern warfare, while the Germans had suffered irreplaceable losses. British historian Sir ] stated, "It is not too much to claim that the foundations of the final victory on the Western Front were laid by the Somme offensive of 1916". | |||
For the first time, the home front in Britain was exposed to the horrors of modern war with the release of the ] '']'', which used actual footage from the first days of the battle. | |||
The Somme experienced war twice more in the ] and ] of 1918. | |||
== Demographics == | |||
Population development since 1801:{{historical populations|cols=2|align=none|percentages=pagr|footnote=Sources:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/80his.html|title=Historique de la Somme|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-80|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom | |||
|13=1801|14=459,453|15=1806|16=494,642|17=1821|18=508,710|19=1831|20=543,924|21=1841|22=559,680|23=1851|24=570,641|25=1861|26=572,646|27=1872|28=557,015|29=1881|30=550,837|31=1891|32=546,495|33=1901|34=537,848|35=1911|36=520,161|37=1921|38=452,624|39=1931|40=466,626|41=1936|42=467,479|43=1946|44=441,368|45=1954|46=464,153|47=1962|48=488,225|49=1968|50=512,113|51=1975|52=538,462|53=1982|54=544,570|55=1990|56=547,825|57=1999|58=555,551|59=2006|60=564,319|61=2011|62=571,211|63=2016|64=572,744}} | |||
== Politics == | |||
The president of the ] is Stéphane Haussoulier, elected in July 2021. | |||
=== Presidential elections 2nd round === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="2"|Election!!Winning Candidate!!Party!!%!!2nd Place Candidate!!Party!!% | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|45.37 | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|54.63 | |||
|- | |||
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" | | |||
| ]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles|title=Présidentielles|first=Ministère de|last=l'Intérieur|website=interieur.gouv.fr}}</ref> | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| 54.22 | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| 45.78 | |||
|- | |||
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)|PS}}" | | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| 54.41 | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| 45.59 | |||
|- | |||
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" | | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| 50.46 | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| 49.54 | |||
|- | |||
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rally for the Republic}}" | | |||
| ]<ref name="auto"/> | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| 78.26 | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| 21.74 | |||
|} | |||
===Current National Assembly representatives=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party | |||
|- | |||
|style="background-color: {{party color|La France Insoumise}}" | | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| {{Lang|fr|]|italic=no}} | |||
|- | |||
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" | | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| {{Lang|fr|]|italic=no}} | |||
|- | |||
|style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" | | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
|- | |||
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" | | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| {{Lang|fr|]|italic=no}} | |||
|- | |||
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union of Democrats and Independents}}" | | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
|} | |||
== Tourism == | |||
===Image gallery=== | |||
<gallery widths="200px" heights="160px"> | |||
File:Phoque Le Hourdel01.jpg|Seal in the bay of ] | |||
File:MERSGLOBAL.jpg|View of ] | |||
File:0 Amiens - Place du Don - Cathédrale (1).JPG|] | |||
File:Château de Rambures - vue de devant.jpg|] | |||
File:Saint-Valery-sur-Somme chapelle 4a.jpg|Chapel in ] | |||
</gallery> | |||
== See also == | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
== |
==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* |
* {{in lang|fr}} | ||
* |
* {{in lang|fr}} | ||
* |
* {{in lang|en}} | ||
* | |||
{{Somme communes}} | |||
{{Picardie-geo-stub}} | |||
{{Departments of France}} | {{Departments of France}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | |||
] | |||
] | ] | ||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
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Latest revision as of 21:11, 27 December 2024
Department of FranceYou can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French. Click for important translation instructions.
|
Somme Sonme (Picard) | |
---|---|
Department of France | |
Prefecture building of the Somme department, in Amiens | |
FlagCoat of arms | |
Location of Somme in France | |
Coordinates: 49°53′N 02°25′E / 49.883°N 2.417°E / 49.883; 2.417 | |
Country | France |
Region | Hauts-de-France |
Prefecture | Amiens |
Subprefectures | Abbeville Montdidier Péronne |
Government | |
• President of the Departmental Council | Stéphane Haussoulier |
Area | |
• Total | 6,170 km (2,380 sq mi) |
Population | |
• Total | 565,540 |
• Rank | 44th |
• Density | 92/km (240/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
ISO 3166 code | FR-80 |
Department number | 80 |
Arrondissements | 4 |
Cantons | 23 |
Communes | 772 |
^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km |
Somme (French pronunciation: [sɔm] ; Picard: Sonme) is a department of France, located in the north of the country and named after the Somme river. It is part of the Hauts-de-France region. It is bordered by Pas-de-Calais and Nord to the north, Aisne to the east, Oise to the south and Seine-Maritime to the southwest. To the northwest, its coastline faces the English Channel and it shares maritime borders with Kent and East Sussex in the United Kingdom. It had a population of 570,559 in 2019.
The north central area of the Somme was the site of a series of battles during World War I, including the particularly significant Battle of the Somme in 1916. As a result of this and other battles fought in the area, the department is home to many military cemeteries and several major monuments commemorating the many soldiers from various countries who died on its battlefields. The 1346 Battle of Crécy, a major English victory early in the Hundred Years' War, also took place in this department.
History
The toponymy of Somme is speculated to come from a Gaulish term, Sumena.
Geography
The Somme department is in the current region of Hauts-de-France and is surrounded by the departments of Pas-de-Calais, Nord, Aisne, Oise and Seine-Maritime. In the northwest, it has a coast on the English Channel. The main rivers are the Somme and its tributaries (Avre, Ancre and Noye, the Authie) as well as the Bresle.
Principal towns
The most populous commune is Amiens, the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 9 communes with more than 5,000 inhabitants:
Commune | Population (2019) |
---|---|
Amiens | 134,706 |
Abbeville | 22,980 |
Albert | 9,779 |
Péronne | 7,577 |
Corbie | 6,292 |
Montdidier | 6,113 |
Doullens | 5,890 |
Longueau | 5,765 |
Roye | 5,693 |
Battles of the Somme
Main article: Battle of the SommeThis section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
At the beginning of the First World War, during the Race to the Sea of September and November 1914, the Somme became the site of the Battle of Albert. The battle was a five-day engagement between 25 and 29 September, with the French Tenth Army attacking at Albert and pushing toward Bapaume, and the German Sixth Army counter-attacking back towards Albert. The line settled around the town of Thiepval and remained there until July 1916, when the Battle of the Somme was fought on and around the same ground.
The Battle of the Somme was one of the most costly battles of World War I, by the number of troop casualties, as Allied forces attempted to break through the German lines along a 40 kilometres (25 mi) front north and south of the River Somme. The Allies had originally intended the Somme to be the site of one of several simultaneous major offensives by Allied powers against the Central Powers in 1916. However, before these offensives could begin, the Germans attacked first, engaging the Allies at the Battle of Verdun. As this battle dragged on, the purpose of the Somme campaign (which was still in the planning stage) shifted from striking a decisive blow against Germany to drawing German forces away from Verdun and relieving the Allied forces there. By its end, the losses on the Somme had exceeded those at Verdun.
While Verdun would bite deep in the national consciousness of France for generations, the Somme would have the same effect on generations of Britons. The battle is best remembered for its first day, 1 July 1916, on which the British suffered 57,420 casualties, including 19,240 dead—the bloodiest day in the history of the British Army to this day. As terrible as the battle was for the British Empire troops who suffered there, it naturally affected the other nationalities as well. By the end of the battle, the British had learned many lessons in modern warfare, while the Germans had suffered irreplaceable losses. British historian Sir James Edmonds stated, "It is not too much to claim that the foundations of the final victory on the Western Front were laid by the Somme offensive of 1916".
For the first time, the home front in Britain was exposed to the horrors of modern war with the release of the propaganda film The Battle of the Somme, which used actual footage from the first days of the battle.
The Somme experienced war twice more in the First and Second Battles of the Somme of 1918.
Demographics
Population development since 1801:
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sources: |
Politics
The president of the departmental council is Stéphane Haussoulier, elected in July 2021.
Presidential elections 2nd round
Election | Winning Candidate | Party | % | 2nd Place Candidate | Party | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022 | Emmanuel Macron | LREM | 45.37 | Marine Le Pen | RN | 54.63 | |
2017 | Emmanuel Macron | LREM | 54.22 | Marine Le Pen | FN | 45.78 | |
2012 | François Hollande | PS | 54.41 | Nicolas Sarkozy | UMP | 45.59 | |
2007 | Nicolas Sarkozy | UMP | 50.46 | Ségolène Royal | PS | 49.54 | |
2002 | Jacques Chirac | RPR | 78.26 | Jean-Marie Le Pen | FN | 21.74 |
Current National Assembly representatives
Tourism
Image gallery
- Seal in the bay of Somme
- View of Mers-les-Bains
- Amiens
- Château de Rambures
- Chapel in Saint-Valery-sur-Somme
See also
- Cantons of the Somme department
- Communes of the Somme department
- Arrondissements of the Somme department
References
- "Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 4 May 2022.
- "Populations de référence 2022" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 19 December 2024.
- ^ Populations légales 2019: 80 Somme, INSEE
- "Historique de la Somme". Le SPLAF.
- "Évolution et structure de la population en 2016". INSEE.
- ^ l'Intérieur, Ministère de. "Présidentielles". interieur.gouv.fr.
- Nationale, Assemblée. "Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français". Assemblée nationale.
External links
- (in French) Prefecture of Somme website
- (in French) Departmental council's website
- (in English) Photos from Somme
- GPS-Teamproject "Verdun - Somme - 1916"