Revision as of 20:52, 13 October 2016 view sourceSignedzzz (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users20,559 edits tag specific sections and state what the "systemic bias" issue is on article talk← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 08:43, 7 January 2025 view source EvanBaldonado (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users12,610 editsm Replace hyphen with en-dash. | ||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|President of the Philippines from 2016 to 2022}} | |||
{{pp-vandalism|expiry=20:29, October 6, 2017|small=yes}} | |||
{{Redirect2|DU30|Duterte|his presidential campaign stylized as "DU30"|Rodrigo Duterte 2016 presidential campaign|others with the surname|Duterte (surname)}} | |||
{{pp-move-indef}} | |||
{{pp-move}} | |||
{{redirect|Duterte|others with the surname|Duterte (surname)}} | |||
{{pp-blp|small=yes}} | |||
{{redirect|DU30|his presidential campaign which used "DU30" as his stylized campaign name|Rodrigo Duterte presidential campaign, 2016}} | |||
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2016}} | |||
{{Philippine name|Roa|Duterte}} | {{Philippine name|Roa|Duterte}} | ||
{{Use Philippine English|date=January 2021}} | |||
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2024}} | |||
{{Infobox officeholder | {{Infobox officeholder | ||
| name = Rodrigo Duterte | |||
| image = Rodrigo Duterte and Laotian President Bounnhang Vorachith (cropped).jpg <!--Don't change --> | |||
| image = President Rodrigo Duterte portrait (cropped).jpg | |||
| caption = Duterte in September 2016 | |||
| |
| caption = Official portrait, 2016 | ||
| office |
| office = 16th ] | ||
| vicepresident = ] | | vicepresident = ] | ||
| term_start = June 30, 2016 | | term_start = June 30, 2016 | ||
| term_end = | | term_end = June 30, 2022 | ||
| predecessor = ] | | predecessor = ] | ||
| successor = | | successor = ] | ||
| office1 = ] | | office1 = 19th ] | ||
| 1blankname1 = {{nowrap|Vice Mayor}} | |||
| term_start1 = June 30, 2013 | |||
| |
| 1namedata1 = ] | ||
| term_start1 = June 30, 2013 | |||
| predecessor1 = ] | |||
| |
| term_end1 = June 30, 2016 | ||
| predecessor1 = ] | |||
| term_start2 = June 30, 2001 | |||
| |
| successor1 = Sara Duterte | ||
| 1blankname2 = {{nowrap|Vice Mayor}} | |||
| predecessor2 = Benjamin C. de Guzman | |||
| |
| 1namedata2 = Luis Bonguyan (2001–07)<br />Sara Duterte (2007–10) | ||
| |
| term_start2 = June 30, 2001 | ||
| |
| term_end2 = June 30, 2010 | ||
| predecessor2 = Benjamin de Guzman | |||
| predecessor3 = Jacinto T. Rubillar | |||
| |
| successor2 = Sara Duterte | ||
| |
| 1blankname3 = {{nowrap|Vice Mayor}} | ||
| 1namedata3 = Dominador Zuño Jr. (1988–92)<br />Luis Bonguyan (1992–95)<br />Benjamin de Guzman (1995–98) | |||
| term_start4 = June 30, 2010 | |||
| |
| term_start3 = February 2, 1988 | ||
| term_end3 = March 19, 1998 | |||
| predecessor4 = Sara Duterte | |||
| predecessor3 = Jacinto Rubillar (]) | |||
| successor4 = ] | |||
| successor3 = Benjamin de Guzman (acting) | |||
| term_start5 = May 2, 1986 | |||
| office4 = ] | |||
| term_end5 = November 27, 1987<br>{{small|Officer in Charge}} | |||
| 1blankname4 = {{nowrap|Mayor}} | |||
| predecessor5 = Cornelio P. Maskariño | |||
| 1namedata4 = Sara Duterte | |||
| successor5 = Gilbert G. Abellera | |||
| term_start4 = June 30, 2010 | |||
| office6 = Member of the ]<br>from ]'s ] district | |||
| |
| term_end4 = June 30, 2013 | ||
| |
| predecessor4 = Sara Duterte | ||
| successor4 = Paolo Duterte | |||
| predecessor6 = ] | |||
| |
| term_start5 = May 2, 1986 | ||
| |
| term_end5 = November 27, 1987 | ||
<br><small>'']''</small> | |||
| party = ] {{small|(present)}} | |||
| 1blankname5 = {{nowrap|Mayor}} | |||
| otherparty = Kabataang Makabayan<ref>{{cite news |last=Punzalan |first=Jamaine |date=May 3, 2016 |title=Duterte eyeing revolutionary gov't with Joma Sison: Trillanes |url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/halalan2016/nation/05/03/16/duterte-eyeing-revolutionary-govt-with-joma-sison-trillanes |department=News |work=] |location=] |accessdate=July 2, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Caduaya |first=Editha |date=April 27, 2016 |title=Duterte, Joma on Skype: Ceasefire if Davao mayor becomes president |url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2016/130906-duterte-joma-skype-ceasefire |department=News |work=] |location=] |accessdate=July 2, 2016}}</ref> {{small|(1970s)}} <br> ] {{small|(late 1990s)}} <br> ] {{small|(2011–present)}}<!-- Duterte is still a member of Hugpong --> | |||
| 1namedata5 = ] | |||
| birth_name = Rodrigo Roa Duterte | |||
| predecessor5 = Cornelio Maskariño (OIC) | |||
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1945|3|28}} | |||
| successor5 = Gilbert Abellera (OIC) | |||
| birth_place = ], ], ]<!--Again, there are a lot of Maasin places in the Philippines--> | |||
| office6 = Member of the ] from ]'s ] district | |||
| death_date = | |||
| term_start6 = June 30, 1998 | |||
| death_place = | |||
| term_end6 = June 30, 2001 | |||
| spouse = {{marriage|()=small|]|1973|2000|end={{abbr|ann.|annulled}}}} | |||
| |
| predecessor6 = ] | ||
| successor6 = Prospero Nograles | |||
| children = 4 (including ] and ]) | |||
| office7 = Chairman of ] | |||
| residence = ]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mendez |first1=Christina |title=Rody chooses Bahay Pangarap |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/07/07/1600373/rody-chooses-bahay-pangarap |accessdate=July 7, 2016 |work=] |date=July 7, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mendez |first1=Christina |title=Duterte moves into 'Bahay ng Pagbabago' |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/07/13/1602375/duterte-moves-bahay-ng-pagbabago |accessdate=July 13, 2016 |work=]|date=July 12, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/26/Duterte-Bahay-Pagbabago-tour.html|title=LOOK: President Duterte, Honeylet Avanceña give tour of Bahay Pagbabago|last=Andolong|first=Ina|work=]|date=July 27, 2016|accessdate=July 28, 2016}}</ref> | |||
| 1blankname7 = {{nowrap|President}} | |||
| alma_mater = ] <small>(])</small><br />] <small>(])</small> | |||
| 1namedata7 = ]<br />]<br />]<br />]<br />] | |||
| website = {{url|president.gov.ph|Official website}} | |||
| term_start7 = February 7, 2016 | |||
| term_end7 = | |||
| predecessor7 = ] | |||
| successor7 = | |||
| office8 = Chairman of the ] ] | |||
| term_start8 = 2009 | |||
| term_end8 = February 21, 2015 | |||
| predecessor8 = Peter Laviña | |||
| successor8 = | |||
| birth_name = Rodrigo Roa Duterte | |||
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1945|3|28|mf=y}} | |||
| birth_place = ], ], ] | |||
| death_date = | |||
| death_place = | |||
| party = ] (1998–2009; 2015–present){{efn|According to Duterte, he never left PDP–Laban; he was the Davao City chairman of the Liberal Party in 2009, and was nationally affiliated with the Liberal Party in the 2010 and 2013 elections.<ref name="PDP_to_LP" /><ref name="Return_to_PDP" />}}<ref name="PDP_to_LP">{{Cite news |last=Espejo |first=Edwin |date=March 18, 2015 |title=Could Duterte be the Liberal Party's wild card bet? |work=] |url=https://rappler.com/nation/duterte-lp-wild-card-candidate-2016 |access-date=July 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806184707/https://rappler.com/nation/duterte-lp-wild-card-candidate-2016 |archive-date=August 6, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Return_to_PDP">{{Cite news |last=Esmaquel |first=Paterno II |date=February 21, 2015 |title=Duterte 're-enters' PDP-Laban amid 2016 prospects |work=] |url=https://rappler.com/nation/rodrigo-duterte-pdp-laban |access-date=July 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716160429/https://rappler.com/nation/rodrigo-duterte-pdp-laban |archive-date=July 16, 2020}}</ref><br />] (local party; 2011–present) | |||
| otherparty = ] (2009–15)<ref name="PDP_to_LP" /><ref name="Return_to_PDP" /><br />] (1990–98)<ref name="MSBigornia">{{Cite news |last=Bigornia |first=Amante E. |date=December 29, 1990 |title=Davao politics now polarized |page=4 |work=] |publisher=Kagitingan Publications, Inc. |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19901229&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=May 23, 2021}}</ref><br />Lakas ng Dabaw (1988)<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 5, 1988 |title=Anti-communist crusader |page=3 |work=] |publisher=Standard Publications, Inc. |location=] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19880105&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=June 17, 2021 |quote=... former vice mayor Rodrigo Duterte of the Lakas ng Dabaw, a new political party.}}</ref> | |||
| spouse = {{marriage|]|1973|2000|end=annulled}} | |||
| partner = ] ({{circa|1996}}–present) | |||
| relations = ] | |||
| children = {{flatlist| | |||
] <br /> ] <br /> ] <br /> Veronica | |||
}} | |||
| parents = ]<br />] | |||
| residence = ] | |||
| education = ] (secondary) | |||
| alma_mater = ] (])<br />] (]) | |||
| signature = Rodrigo Duterte signature.svg | |||
| module = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=75th Session of the United Nations General Assembly (Speech) 9 22 2020-5esB6C3sgdg-00.14.41.617-00.15.47.198.ogg|title=Rodrigo Duterte's voice|type=speech|description=Rodrigo Duterte affirms the '']'' arbitral ruling before the ].<br/>Recorded September 22, 2020}} | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Rodrigo Duterte sidebar}} | {{Rodrigo Duterte sidebar}} | ||
'''Rodrigo Roa Duterte''' {{Post-nominals|post-noms=]}} ({{IPAc-en|lang|d|ə|ˈ|t|ɜːr|t|eɪ}}, {{IPA|tl|ɾodˈɾiː.ɣo ˈɾoː.ɐ dʊˈtɛːɾ.tɛ|lang|Rodrigo Roa Duterte (tl).ogg}}; born March 28, 1945), also known as '''Digong''', '''Rody''',<ref>{{Cite news |author=Flores, W.L. |date=June 19, 2016 |title=President-electpresident Rody Duterte as dad & memories of his own father |work=] |url=http://www.philstar.com/sunday-life/2016/06/19/1594237/president-elect-rody-duterte-dad-memories-his-own-father |access-date=September 15, 2016}}</ref> and by the initials '''DU30''' and '''PRRD''',<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramos |first=Christia Marie |date=July 26, 2021 |title=Lacson calls out Duterte, says there is underspending of Bayanihan 2 funds |newspaper=] |location=], Philippines |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1464281/lacson-calls-out-duterte-says-there-is-underspending-of-bayanihan-2-funds |access-date=October 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 28, 2021 |title=Go: Pumili ng katimbang ni PRRD sa 2022 |language=Filipino |work=] |publisher=PhilStar Global Corp. |location=], Philippines |url=https://www.philstar.com/pilipino-star-ngayon/bansa/2021/08/28/2123148/go-pumili-ng-katimbang-ni-prrd-sa-2022 |access-date=October 28, 2021}}</ref> is a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the 16th ] from 2016 to 2022. He is the chairperson of ] (formerly PDP–Laban), the ruling political party in the Philippines during his presidency. Duterte is ] to be from ],<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rodrigo Roa Duterte: 16th President, first Mindanawon to lead the country |work=] |url=http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2016/05/rodrigo-roa-duterte-16th-president-first-mindanawon-to-lead-the-country/ |access-date=November 16, 2016 |archive-date=December 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209233058/http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2016/05/rodrigo-roa-duterte-16th-president-first-mindanawon-to-lead-the-country/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 27, 2016 |title=Official count: Duterte is new president, Robredo is vice president |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/05/27/official-count-duterte-president-robredo-vp.html |access-date=May 27, 2016 |work=] |archive-date=December 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225131751/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/05/27/official-count-duterte-president-robredo-vp.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and is the oldest person to assume office, beginning his term at age 71.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Sergio Osmeña {{!}} president of Philippines |encyclopedia=] |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sergio-Osmena |access-date=April 6, 2017 |date=June 3, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802210246/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sergio-Osmena |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
'''Rodrigo''' "'''Rody'''" '''Roa Duterte''' (born March 28, 1945), also known as '''Digong''',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philstar.com/sunday-life/2016/06/19/1594237/president-elect-rody-duterte-dad-memories-his-own-father |title=President-elect Rody Duterte as dad & memories of his own father |publisher=] |author=Flores, W.L. |date=June 19, 2016 |accessdate=September 15, 2016}}</ref> is a ] politician and jurist who is the ] and current ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/787870/duterte-seals-presidency-in-congress-official-tally|title=Duterte seals presidency in Congress official tally|date=May 27, 2016|work=Inquirer.net|accessdate=May 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/05/27/1587569/duterte-robredo-win-final-official-tally|title=Duterte, Robredo win in final, official tally|date=May 27, 2016|work=Philippine Star|accessdate=May 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/05/27/official-count-duterte-president-robredo-vp.html|title=Official count: Duterte is new president, Robredo is vice president|date=May 27, 2016|work=CNN Philippines|accessdate=May 27, 2016}}</ref> He is the first ]an to hold the office, and the fourth of ]<!--Duterte being the 4th Visayan president is relevant-->.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gavilan|first1=Jodesz|title=The many firsts of president-elect Duterte|url=http://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/132862-rodrigo-duterte-president-firsts|accessdate=May 28, 2016|work=]|date=May 13, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Born in ], ] (now in ]), Duterte moved to ] as a child where his father, ], served as provincial governor. He studied ] at the ], graduating in 1968, before obtaining a law degree from ] in 1972. He then worked as a lawyer and was a prosecutor for ], before becoming ] and, subsequently, ] in the wake of the 1986 ]. Duterte won seven terms and served as mayor of Davao for over 22 years, during which the once crime-ridden city became peaceful and investor-friendly.<ref name="Anadolu-Ramos-2016">{{Cite news |last=Ramos |first=Roy |date=May 10, 2016 |title=New Philippines president is iron-fisted southern mayor |work=] |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/new-philippines-president-is-iron-fisted-southern-mayor/569796 |access-date=May 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511094612/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/new-philippines-president-is-iron-fisted-southern-mayor/569796 |archive-date=May 11, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Dacumos-Lagorza-2017" /> <!-- Need better refs; AA is not reliable, and the cited article makes unsupported claims. --> | |||
Duterte's ] led to his ]. During ], his domestic policy focused on combating the ] by initiating the controversial ], fighting crime and ],<ref name="ArabNews-DuterteEyes">{{Cite news |date=July 28, 2020 |title=Duterte eyes reinstating death penalty by lethal injection for drug crimes |work=Arab News |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1711106/world |access-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728001255/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1711106/world |archive-date=July 28, 2020}}</ref><ref name="PNAGovPH-PACC">{{Cite news |last=Reganit |first=Jose Cielito |date=October 5, 2017 |title=Duterte creates Presidential Anti-Corruption Commission |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1011910 |access-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018082358/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1011910 |archive-date=October 18, 2020}}</ref><ref name="CNNPH-OfferedToResign">{{Cite news |date=September 29, 2020 |title=Duterte: 'I offered to resign as president because I am sick of corruption' |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/9/29/Duterte---I-offered-to-resign-as-president-because-I-am-sick-of-corruption-.html |access-date=October 18, 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001065806/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/9/29/Duterte---I-offered-to-resign-as-president-because-I-am-sick-of-corruption-.html |archive-date=October 1, 2020}}</ref> and intensified efforts against ] and ]. He launched a ],<ref name="GulfNews-85BillionInfra">{{Cite news |last=Hilotin |first=Jay |date=October 1, 2020 |title=Philippines: $85 billion infrastructure spending in 104 projects |work=Gulf News |url=https://gulfnews.com/business/philippines-85-billion-infrastructure-spending-in-104-projects-1.1601554247671?slide=16 |access-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018073520/https://gulfnews.com/business/philippines-85-billion-infrastructure-spending-in-104-projects-1.1601554247671?slide=16 |archive-date=October 18, 2020}}</ref><ref name="CNNPH-InfrastructureCOVID">{{Cite news |last=Lopez |first=Melissa Luz |date=April 16, 2020 |title=Duterte open to dropping infrastructure projects for more COVID-19 funding |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/4/16/Duterte-drop-infrastructure-projects-COVID-19-funding.html |access-date=October 18, 2020 |quote=The government plans to spend over ₱1 trillion this year on various construction projects, in keeping with the administration's promise to usher in a "Golden Age of Infrastructure" and fill the country's needs for longer and wider roads, convenient train systems, and bigger airports and seaports, to name a few. |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018100547/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/4/16/Duterte-drop-infrastructure-projects-COVID-19-funding.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> initiated liberal economic reforms,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sicat |first=Gerardo P. |date=February 9, 2022 |title=The next president will inherit significant economic reforms |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2022/02/09/2159430/next-president-will-inherit-significant-economic-reforms |access-date=May 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309094530/https://www.philstar.com/business/2022/02/09/2159430/next-president-will-inherit-significant-economic-reforms |archive-date=March 9, 2022}}</ref> streamlined government processes,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kabiling |first=Genalyn |date=July 27, 2020 |title=Duterte pushes shift to e-governance to cut red tape |work=] |url=https://mb.com.ph/2020/07/27/duterte-pushes-shift-to-e-governance-to-cut-red-tape/ |access-date=May 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512120120/https://mb.com.ph/2020/07/27/duterte-pushes-shift-to-e-governance-to-cut-red-tape/ |archive-date=May 12, 2022}}</ref> and proposed a shift to a ] which was ultimately unsuccessful.<ref name="GMANews-FederalismCongress">{{Cite news |date=December 10, 2021 |title=Duterte blames Congress for failed federalism bid, vows peaceful transition |work=] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/814146/duterte-blames-congress-for-failed-federalism-bid-vows-peaceful-transition/story/ |access-date=February 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210135655/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/814146/duterte-blames-congress-for-failed-federalism-bid-vows-peaceful-transition/story/ |archive-date=December 10, 2021}}</ref> He also oversaw the controversial ],<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 7, 2016 |title=Duterte confirms Marcos burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/08/07/marcos-libingan-ng-mga-bayani-burial.html |access-date=February 22, 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809164653/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/08/07/marcos-libingan-ng-mga-bayani-burial.html |archive-date=August 9, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Santos |first=Eimor P. |date=November 9, 2016 |title=Duterte firm on Marcos burial at Heroes' Cemetery |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/11/09/Duterte-firm-on-Marcos-Libingan-burial.html |access-date=February 22, 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519180154/http://nine.cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/11/09/Duterte-firm-on-Marcos-Libingan-burial.html |archive-date=May 19, 2019}}</ref> the ],<ref>{{Cite news |last1=McKirdy |first1=Euan |last2=Berlinger |first2=Joshua |date=October 17, 2017 |title=Philippines' Duterte declares liberation of Marawi from ISIS-affiliated militants |work=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/17/asia/duterte-marawi-liberation/index.html |access-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017075815/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/17/asia/duterte-marawi-liberation/index.html |archive-date=October 17, 2017}}</ref> and the ] to the ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=March 9, 2020 |title=State of public health emergency declared in PH |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1095955 |access-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309191044/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1095955 |archive-date=March 9, 2020}}</ref> He declared the intention to pursue an "independent foreign policy", and strengthened ] and ].<ref name="independent foreign policy2">{{Cite news |last=Nawal |first=Allan |date=September 10, 2016 |title=Duterte: Gov't to pursue 'independent foreign policy' |newspaper=] |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/144563/duterte-govt-to-pursue-independent-foreign-policy |access-date=September 10, 2016}}</ref> He initially announced his candidacy for ] in the ]; in October 2021, he said he was retiring from politics. The next month, he filed his candidacy for senator but withdrew it on December 14.<ref name="PNAGovPH-SenateWidthdraw">{{Cite news |last=Patinio |first=Ferdinand |date=December 14, 2021 |title=PRRD withdraws from 2022 Senate race |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1162739 |access-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214103515/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1162739 |archive-date=December 14, 2021}}</ref> | |||
Duterte's ] have been described as ],<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 2, 2018 |title=Duterte to Police: 'Do Not Answer' Crimes Against Humanity Investigators |work=] |url=http://www.newsweek.com/duterte-police-do-not-answer-crimes-against-humanity-investigators-827652}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=June 26, 2018 |title=Philippines' Rodrigo Duterte under fire for calling God 'stupid' |work=] |url=https://www.ft.com/content/0249baac-791c-11e8-bc55-50daf11b720d}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=June 4, 2018 |title=Critics Slam Rodrigo Duterte for Asking a Woman to Kiss Him Onstage |work=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/04/world/asia/duterte-kiss-philippines.html}}</ref> as well as ].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Teehankee |first=Julio C. |year=2017 |title=Duterte's Resurgent Nationalism in the Philippines: A Discursive Institutionalist Analysis |journal=Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=69–89 |doi=10.1177/186810341603500304 |doi-access=free|url=https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/document/54782/1/ssoar-suedostaktuell-2016-3-teehankee-Dutertes_resurgent_nationalism_in_the.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=November 3, 2016 |title=Rodrigo Duterte Plays U.S. and China Off Each Other, in Echo of Cold War |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/04/world/asia/philippines-duterte-us-china-cold-war.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=October 21, 2016 |title=Behind Duterte's Break With the U.S., a Lifetime of Resentment |work=] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/behind-philippine-leaders-break-with-the-u-s-a-lifetime-of-resentment-1477061118}}</ref> His political success has been aided by his vocal support for the ] of drug users and other criminals.<ref name="ds">{{Cite news |date=May 26, 2016 |title=Philippine death squads very much in business as Duterte set for presidency |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-killings-insight-idUSKCN0YG0EB |access-date=September 14, 2016 |quote=Duterte's loud approval for hundreds of execution-style killings of drug users and criminals over nearly two decades helped propel him to the highest office of a crime-weary land.}}</ref> His career has sparked ] and attracted controversy, particularly over ] and his controversial comments. Duterte has repeatedly confirmed to have personally killed criminal suspects during his term as mayor of Davao.<ref name="1988kidnap2">{{Cite news |last=dela Cruz |first=Kathlyn |title=Duterte confirms killing 3 rapist-kidnappers |work=] |publisher=] |url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/halalan2016/nation/12/09/15/duterte-confirms-killing-3-rapist-kidnappers |access-date=December 19, 2016}}</ref><ref name="cannotlie2">{{Cite news |title=Philippines: Duterte confirms he personally killed three men |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-38337746 |access-date=December 19, 2016}}</ref> Extrajudicial killings that were allegedly committed by the ] between 1998 and 2016 during Duterte's mayoralty have also been scrutinized by human-rights groups and the ].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ombudsman opens probe into Davao Death Squad |work=] |url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/video/news/12/22/16/ombudsman-opens-probe-into-davao-death-squad}}</ref><ref name="f">{{Cite news |title=CHR Probes DDS |work=] |url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/09/17/de-lima-2009-dds-probe-failed-because-davao-folk-sided-with-ruthless-king}}</ref> The victims were mainly alleged drug users, alleged petty criminals, and ].<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 26, 2016 |title=Philippine death squads very much in business as Duterte set for presidency |work=] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-killings-insight-idUSKCN0YG0EB |access-date=September 14, 2016 |quote=Human rights groups have documented at least 1,400 killings in Davao that they allege had been carried out by death squads since 1998. Most of those murdered were drug users, petty criminals and street children.}}</ref><ref name="Reuters-DeathSquads">{{Cite news |last1=Marshall |first1=Andrew R.C. |last2=Mogato |first2=Manuel |date=May 26, 2016 |title=Philippine death squads very much in business as Duterte set for presidency |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-killings-insight-idUSKCN0YG0EB |access-date=December 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526131335/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-killings-insight-idUSKCN0YG0EB |archive-date=May 26, 2016}}</ref> The ] opened a preliminary investigation into Duterte's drug war in 2018,<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 8, 2018 |title=International Criminal Court Will Investigate Duterte Over Drug War |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/08/world/asia/philippines-duterte-hague.html?module=inline |access-date=October 15, 2018}}</ref> prompting Duterte to withdraw the Philippines from the body in response.<ref name="Yap-2020">{{Cite news |last=Yap |first=DJ |date=January 16, 2020 |title=Philippines: ICC prosecutor: Probe of Duterte can't be stopped |newspaper=] |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/183168/icc-prosecutor-probe-of-duterte-cant-be-stopped}}</ref> He is the only president in the history of the ] not to ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=PCIJ request for Duterte SALN runs into dead end – again |date=July 26, 2021 |url=https://pcij.org/article/6743/duterte-saln-restricted-pcij-request}}</ref> Duterte's popularity and domestic approval rating remained relatively high throughout his presidency and by the end of his term, he was the most popular post-People Power Revolution president.<ref name="ABCNews-WeedonAlan">{{Cite news |last=Weedon |first=Alan |date=May 10, 2019 |title='Gold, guns and goons': Why the Philippines' Rodrigo Duterte remains incredibly popular |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-05-10/duterte-rodrigo-philippines-president-popular-despite-criticism/11058752 |access-date=December 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015044350/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-05-10/duterte-rodrigo-philippines-president-popular-despite-criticism/11058752 |archive-date=October 15, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Philippine News Agency">{{Cite news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=April 11, 2022 |title=Duterte's end of term high rating 'rarity' in PH pres'l politics |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1172012 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411234748/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1172012 |archive-date=April 11, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Cruz-2022" /> | |||
==Early years== | |||
Duterte studied political science at the ], graduating in 1968, before obtaining a law degree from ] in 1972. He then worked as a lawyer and was a prosecutor for ], a ]<!--as per Republic Act No. 7160, highly urbanized city is a legal classification in the Philippines--> on ], before becoming ] and subsequently, ], in wake of the ]. Duterte was among the longest-serving mayors in the ], serving seven terms and totaling more than 22 years in office. | |||
Rodrigo Roa Duterte was born on March 28, 1945, in ], Southern Leyte.<ref name="returnshome">{{Cite news |last=Lopez |first=Alexander |date=May 11, 2015 |title=Duterte returns home on Mother's Day |work=] |url=http://www.mb.com.ph/duterte-returns-home-on-mothers-day/ |access-date=February 8, 2016}}</ref> His father was ] (1911–1968), a ] lawyer, and his mother, ] (1916–2012), was a schoolteacher from ], ] and a civic leader of ] and Spanish mestizo descent.<ref name="Halili, M.C. 2010">Halili, M.C. (2010). Philippine History. Rex Book Store, Inc.</ref> Duterte has said that his grandfather was Chinese and hailed from ] in ], China.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 20, 2016 |title=Will playing the Chinese ancestry card help Rodrigo Duterte win over Beijing? |work=South China Morning Post |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2038385/will-playing-chinese-ancestry-card-help-rodrigo-duterte |access-date=April 3, 2020}}</ref> Duterte has four siblings: Eleanor, Jocelyn, Emmanuel and Benjamin.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 30, 2016 |title=LOOK: Who's who in Duterte family tree |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/793140/rodrigo-duterte-family-tree |access-date=December 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104075449/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/793140/rodrigo-duterte-family-tree |archive-date=November 4, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Duterte's father was mayor of ], and subsequently the provincial governor of (the then-undivided) ]. Rodrigo's cousin ] was mayor of ] from 1983 to 1986. Ronald's father, Ramon Duterte, also held that position from 1957 to 1959. The Dutertes consider the Cebu-based ] of the Durano and the Almendras clan as relatives.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 29, 2016 |title=Unknown facts about President Duterte |language=en-US |work=] |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2016/06/29/supplements/unknown-facts-about-president-duterte/270749/ |access-date=April 15, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Elemia |first=Camille |date=November 30, 2015 |title=Grace Poe campaign manager is Duterte's nephew |work=] |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/grace-poe-campaign-manager-ace-durano-relative-duterte |access-date=April 15, 2021}}</ref> Duterte also has relatives from the Roa clan in Leyte through his mother's side.<ref name="DuterteZamboTimes">{{Cite news |date=May 20, 2015 |title=Mayor Rodrigo Roa Duterte: Leyte's first president? |work=Daily Zamboanga Times |url=http://www.zamboangatimes.ph/top-news/14939-mayor-rodrigo-roa-duterte-leytes-first-president.html |access-date=September 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306013153/http://www.zamboangatimes.ph/top-news/14939-mayor-rodrigo-roa-duterte-leytes-first-president.html |archive-date=March 6, 2016}}</ref> Duterte's family lived in Maasin, and in his father's hometown in Danao, until he was four years old.<ref name="PresidentGovPH">{{Cite web |title=About President Duterte |url=http://president.gov.ph/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708082800/http://president.gov.ph/ |archive-date=July 8, 2016 |access-date=September 14, 2016 |website=Office of the President of the Philippines}}</ref><!-- There was an earlier supplementary citation of a Rappler.com source, but per an RSN post, that appears to be a social media site or a venue for self-publishing, whose use here violated WP:BLPSPS. If there is any material in the sentence that can only be attributed to such sources, it should be removed. No prejudice against the content itself. User:Hijiri88, October 2016. --> Duterte was heavily influenced by his mother, who unlike Vicente was a staunch anti-Marcos activist, which led the young Duterte to have a divided opinion on the Marcoses. Duterte later said Marcos could have been the best president, but unfortunately he was a dictator.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 10, 2016 |title=Marcos best president if not for dictatorship – Duterte |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/121919-duterte-marcos-best-president/}}</ref> The Dutertes initially moved to ] in 1948 but still went back and forth to the Visayas until 1949.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=February 25, 2016 |title=Duterte returns to his roots in Danao City, Cebu for campaign activities |newspaper=] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/768534/duterte-returns-to-his-roots-in-danao-city-cebu-for-campaign-activities |access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref> They finally settled in the ] in 1950. Vicente worked as a lawyer engaged in private practice. Soledad worked as a teacher until 1952, when Vicente entered politics.<ref name="RAFIOrgPH-SoledadRoa">{{Cite web |title=Soledad Roa Duterte |url=http://rafi.org.ph/triennialawards/awardee/soledad-roa-duterte/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315131529/http://rafi.org.ph/triennialawards/awardee/soledad-roa-duterte/ |archive-date=March 15, 2014 |access-date=April 26, 2022 |website=RAFI Triennial Awards |publisher=Ramon Aboitiz Foundation Inc.}}</ref> | |||
Duterte's political success has been aided by his vocal support for the ] of ]s and criminals.<ref name=ds>{{cite news |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-killings-insight-idUSKCN0YG0EB |title=Philippine death squads very much in business as Duterte set for presidency |work=Reuters |date=May 26, 2016 |accessdate=September 14, 2016 |quote=Duterte's loud approval for hundreds of execution-style killings of drug users and criminals over nearly two decades helped propel him to the highest office of a crime-weary land. }}</ref> Human rights groups have documented over 1,400 killings allegedly by vigilante groups occurring in Davao between 1998 and May 2016; the victims were mainly drug users, ]s and ].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-killings-insight-idUSKCN0YG0EB |title=Philippine death squads very much in business as Duterte set for presidency |work=Reuters |date=May 26, 2016 |accessdate=September 14, 2016 |quote=Human rights groups have documented at least 1,400 killings in Davao that they allege had been carried out by death squads since 1998. Most of those murdered were drug users, petty criminals and street children. }}</ref> Duterte denied any involvement in the said vigilante groups.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2015/05/27/Davao-City-Mayor-Rodrigo-Duterte-Davao-Death-Squad.html |title=Duterte: There is no Davao Death Squad |publisher=] |author=Robillos, A.J. |date=May 27, 2015 |accessdate=September 20, 2016}}</ref> In a January 2016 decision by the ] on the investigation conducted by the ] on the alleged death squad in Davao between 2005 and 2009, the Ombudsman found no evidence to support "the killings attributed or attributable to the ], much less the involvement of Mayor Rodrigo Duterte" to said acts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/in-depth/137446-davao-death-squad-rodrigo-duterte-chr-resolution |title=Davao Death Squad: What ever happened to the investigations? |publisher=] |author=Gavilan, J. |date=June 28, 2016 |accessdate=September 20, 2016}}</ref> | |||
On May 9, 2016, Duterte won the ], garnering 16,601,997 votes (39.01% of total votes cast, and 6.6 million votes ahead of closest rival ]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/halalan2016/nation/05/27/16/its-digong-by-landslide-leni-by-hairline/|title=It's Digong by landslide, Leni by hairline|date=May 27, 2016|website=ABS-CBN News}}</ref> His domestic policy has focused on combating ] by initiating the ]. Following criticism from ] human rights experts that extrajudicial killings had increased since the election, he ] and form a new organization with ] and African nations.<ref name=Reuters>{{cite news |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-un-idUSKCN10W05W |title=Philippines' Duterte threatens to quit U.N. after drugs war censure |work=Reuters |date=August 21, 2016 |accessdate=August 21, 2016 }}</ref> His administration has also vowed to pursue an "independent foreign policy" that would reject any meddling by foreign governments.<ref name="independent foreign policy">{{cite news|last1=Nawal|first1=Allan|title=Duterte: Gov't to pursue 'independent foreign policy'|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/144563/duterte-govt-to-pursue-independent-foreign-policy|accessdate=September 10, 2016|work=]|date=September 10, 2016}}</ref> On July 20, 2016, ] released a poll conducted on July 2–8 which showed that 91% of Filipinos trust Duterte, making him the most trusted official in the Philippines since Pulse Asia started its trust surveys.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hegina|first1=Aries Joseph|title=Duterte becomes PH’s most trusted official|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/797447/duterte-becomes-phs-most-trusted-official |work=]|date=July 20, 2016}}</ref> | |||
===Education and early law career=== | |||
==Early life== | |||
Duterte went to Laboon Elementary School in Maasin for a year.<ref name="DuterteZamboTimes" /> He spent his remaining elementary days at Santa Ana Elementary School in ], where he completed his primary education in 1956. He finished his secondary education in the High School Department of Holy Cross College of Digos (now ]) in ], ], after being expelled twice from previous schools, including one in the ] due to misconduct.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ranada |first=Pia |date=May 20, 2016 |title=Rody Duterte: The rebellious son, the prankster brother |work=] |url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/in-depth/rody-duterte-rebellious-son-prankster-brother |access-date=April 15, 2021}}</ref> He graduated in 1968 with a ] degree in ] at the ] in ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bolido |first=Linda B. |date=March 10, 2015 |title=Duterte is LPU's outstanding alumnus |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/677750/duterte-is-lpus-outstanding-alumnus |access-date=April 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313165103/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/677750/duterte-is-lpus-outstanding-alumnus |archive-date=March 13, 2015}}</ref><ref name="LPUDavao-Duterte">{{Cite web |title=H.E. Rodrigo Roa Duterte |url=https://www.lpudavao.edu.ph/alumni/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811010851/https://www.lpudavao.edu.ph/alumni/ |archive-date=August 11, 2018 |access-date=April 24, 2022 |website=Lyceum of the Philippines – Davao|date=June 21, 2018 }}</ref> | |||
Duterte was born on March 28, 1945, in ] (now the capital of ] but was then part of the insular province of Leyte<!---Southern Leyte would be later established in 1959---> in the ]).<ref name="returnshome">{{cite news|last1=Lopez|first1=Alexander|title=Duterte returns home on Mother's Day|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/duterte-returns-home-on-mothers-day/|accessdate=February 8, 2016|publisher=Manila Bulletin|date=May 11, 2015}}</ref> His father was ] lawyer ] and his mother was ], a native of ], ], who was a school teacher and a civic leader of ] descent. Duterte's father Vicente, prior to being provincial governor of (the then-undivided) ], was once an acting mayor of ], Cebu. Rodrigo's cousin Ronald, on the other hand, served as ] mayor from 1983 to 1986. Ronald's father, Ramon Duterte, also held the position from 1957 to 1959. The Dutertes consider the Cebu-based ] of the Durano and the Almendras clan as relatives.<ref name="FilipiKnow" /> Duterte also has relatives from the Roa clan in Leyte through his mother's side.<ref name="DuterteZamboTimes">{{cite news|title=Mayor Rodrigo Roa Duterte: Leyte’s first president?|url=http://www.zamboangatimes.ph/top-news/14939-mayor-rodrigo-roa-duterte-leytes-first-president.html|accessdate=September 13, 2016|work=Daily Zamoanga Times|date=May 20, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306013153/http://www.zamboangatimes.ph/top-news/14939-mayor-rodrigo-roa-duterte-leytes-first-president.html|archivedate=March 6, 2016}}</ref> Before they resettled to Davao, Duterte's family briefly lived in his birthplace in Maasin, Leyte, and in his father's hometown in Danao, Cebu, until he was four years old.<ref name="PresidentGovPH">{{cite web|title=About President Duterte|url=http://president.gov.ph/|website=Office of the President of the Philippines|accessdate=September 14, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708082800/http://president.gov.ph/|archivedate=July 8, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Macasero |first=Ryan |date=March 6, 2016 |title=Does Duterte have the 'Bisaya advantage' in Cebu? |url=http://www.rappler.com/views/imho/124789-duterte-bisaya-advantage-cebu |publisher='']'' |location= |access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref><!--Duterte's family indeed lived in Danao then moved to Maasin, Southern Leyte for a year then finally Davao.--> | |||
Duterte obtained a law degree from ] in 1972,<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 25, 2017 |title=Duterte receives awards from San Beda, First Scout Ranger Regiment |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/11/25/duterte-awards-san-beda-scout-ranger.html |access-date=April 24, 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128050422/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/11/25/duterte-awards-san-beda-scout-ranger.html |archive-date=November 28, 2017}}</ref> passing the bar exam in the same year.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aurelio |first=Julie M. |date=May 31, 2018 |title=Why Duterte almost missed the bar exams |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/996064/why-duterte-almost-missed-the-bar-exams |access-date=April 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109040211/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/996064/why-duterte-almost-missed-the-bar-exams |archive-date=November 9, 2020}}</ref> He worked as a professor in the national police academy, and was a member of an organization called Nationalist Alliance for Justice, Freedom and Democracy. He later served as the OIC vice mayor of Davao City, assisting evacuees from Davao City remote areas and working for the release of soldiers captured by the ] (NPA).<ref name="Gonzales-2005">{{cite news |last1=Gonzales |first1=Daisy C. |title=The Rise and Rise of Rodrigo Duterte |url=https://www.bulatlat.com/news/5-40/5-40-duterte.htm |access-date=November 14, 2024 |work=] |date=November 13, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060507062859/https://www.bulatlat.com/news/5-40/5-40-duterte.htm |archive-date=May 7, 2006}}</ref> Eventually, he became a special counsel at the City Prosecution Office in Davao City from 1977 to 1979, fourth assistant city prosecutor from 1979 to 1981, third assistant city prosecutor from 1981 to 1983, and second assistant city prosecutor from 1983 to 1986.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Election 2016 |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://www.inquirer.net/elections2016/rodrigo-duterte/ |access-date=April 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218014705/https://www.inquirer.net/elections2016/rodrigo-duterte/ |archive-date=February 18, 2016}}</ref><ref name="RedAndWhiteBall">{{Cite journal |date=2017 |title=President Rodrigo R. Duterte (Law '72) |url=https://www.sanbeda.edu.ph/download_file/1538467209_1530553079-red-and-white-ball-2017.pdf |journal=Red and White Ball |publisher=San Beda College Alumni Association |pages=10–13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126103216/https://www.sanbeda.edu.ph/download_file/1538467209_1530553079-red-and-white-ball-2017.pdf |archive-date=November 26, 2018 |access-date=April 24, 2022}}</ref> | |||
The Dutertes initially moved to ] in 1948 but still go back and forth to the Visayas until 1949.<ref>{{cite news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=February 25, 2016 |title=Duterte returns to his roots in Danao City, Cebu for campaign activities |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/768534/duterte-returns-to-his-roots-in-danao-city-cebu-for-campaign-activities |newspaper=] |location= |access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref> They finally settled in the ] in 1950. Vicente as a lawyer engaged in private practice, while Soledad taught in public schools as a teacher. Mrs Duterte, however, retired as a supervisor in 1952 when her lawyer-husband entered politics there. | |||
=== |
===Sexual abuse claims=== | ||
Duterte has claimed he was ] when he was a minor.<ref name="Inquirer-SexuallyAbused">{{Cite news |last=Lacorte |first=Germelina |date=December 4, 2015 |title=Duterte names priest who allegedly molested him as teen |newspaper=] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/744824/duterte-names-priest-who-allegedly-molested-him-as-teen |access-date=December 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308170821/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/744824/duterte-names-priest-who-allegedly-molested-him-as-teen |archive-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> After he was challenged by the ] (CBCP) and AdDU officials to name the priest and file a case against him, Duterte then revealed the priest's name as Mark Falvey (d. 1975).<ref name="Inquirer-SexuallyAbused" /> The ] confirmed that according to press reports in the United States, in May 2007, the Society of Jesus agreed to a tentative payout of {{US$|16 million|link=yes}} to settle claims that Falvey sexually abused at least nine children in Los Angeles from 1959 to 1975. Accusations against Falvey began in 2002 but he was never charged with a crime. In May 2008, the ] paid a $100,000-settlement to a person allegedly raped and molested by Mark's brother, Arthur Falvey. However, it was not clearly indicated in the report if Mark Falvey was assigned at the Jesuit-run Ateneo de Davao.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 5, 2015 |title=Jesuit order paid USD16M to settle Falvey case in US |newspaper=] |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/133393/jesuit-order-paid-16m-to-settle-falvey-case-in-us |access-date=December 17, 2015}}</ref> | |||
Duterte went to Laboon Elementary School in Maasin, for a year.<ref name="DuterteZamboTimes" /> He spent his remaining elementary days at the Santa Ana Elementary School in ], where he graduated in 1956. He finished his secondary education in the High School Department of the then Holy Cross College of Digos (now ]) in today's city of ] in the now defunct ], after being expelled twice from previous schools, including one in ] due to misconduct.<ref name="FilipiKnow">{{cite web|title=17 Things You Didn’t Know About Rodrigo Duterte|url=http://www.filipiknow.net/rodrigo-duterte|website=FilipiKnow|accessdate=September 14, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126015106/http://www.filipiknow.net/rodrigo-duterte|archivedate=January 26, 2016}}</ref> He graduated in 1968 with a ] degree in ] at the ] in Manila. He obtained a law degree from ] in 1972. In the same year, he passed the bar exam. Duterte eventually became Special Counsel at the City Prosecution Office in Davao City from 1977–79; Fourth Assistant City Prosecutor from 1979–81; Third Assistant City Prosecutor from 1981–83; and Second Assistant City Prosecutor from 1983–86. | |||
When asked why he did not complain when the abuse supposedly happened, Duterte claimed that he was too young to complain about the priest's abuse and was intimidated by authorities at that time. He also stated that he never disclosed that information after he was expelled and moved to a different high school and especially not to his family.<ref name="GMA-TooYoung">{{Cite news |date=December 4, 2015 |title=PDP–Laban Bet to Meet Davao Prelate; Duterte says he was too young to complain about priest's abuse |work=] |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/546770/news/nation/duterte-says-he-was-too-young-to-complain-about-priest-s-abuse |access-date=September 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092956/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/546770/news/nation/duterte-says-he-was-too-young-to-complain-about-priest-s-abuse |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref> | |||
===Abuse=== | |||
Duterte has said that he was one of the many students who was ] from his previous school, Ateneo de Davao University (AdDU) during circa late 1950s.<ref name="GMA-SexuallyAbused">{{cite news|title=Duterte says he was sexually abused by priest|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/546389/news/nation/duterte-says-he-was-sexually-abused-by-priest|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=GMA News Online|date=December 1, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080229/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/546389/news/nation/duterte-says-he-was-sexually-abused-by-priest|archivedate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> After he was challenged by the ] (CBCP) and AdDU officials to name the priest and file a case against him, Duterte then revealed the priest's name as Fr. Mark Falvey, SJ (d. 1975).<ref name="Rappler-JesuitPriest">{{cite news|title=Jesuit priest who allegedly molested Duterte had other victims|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2016/114929-duterte-abuse-jesuit-identified|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=Rappler|date=December 4, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106155708/http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2016/114929-duterte-abuse-jesuit-identified|archivedate=January 6, 2016}}</ref> The ] confirmed that according to press reports in the United States, in May 2007, the Society of Jesus agreed to a tentative payout of USD16 million to settle claims that Falvey sexually abused at least nine children in ] from 1959 to 1975. Accusations against Falvey began in 2002 and he was never charged with a crime. Additionally in May 2008, the ] paid $100,000 settlement to a person allegedly raped and molested by Mark's brother, Fr. Arthur Falvey. However, it was not clearly indicated in the report if Mark Falvey was assigned at the Jesuit-run Ateneo de Davao.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jesuit order paid USD16M to settle Falvey case in US|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/133393/jesuit-order-paid-16m-to-settle-falvey-case-in-us|accessdate=December 17, 2015|work=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=December 5, 2015}}</ref> When asked why he didn't complain when the abuse supposedly happened, Duterte claimed that he was too young to complain about the priest's abuse and was intimidated by authorities at that time. He also stated that he never disclosed that information after he was expelled and moved to a different high school and especially not to his family.<ref name="GMA-TooYoung">{{cite news|title=Pdp-Laban Bet to Meet Davao Prelate; Duterte says he was too young to complain about priest’s abuse|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/546770/news/nation/duterte-says-he-was-too-young-to-complain-about-priest-s-abuse|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=GMA News|date=December 4, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092956/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/546770/news/nation/duterte-says-he-was-too-young-to-complain-about-priest-s-abuse|archivedate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> | |||
===Shooting of student at law school=== | ===Shooting of student at law school=== | ||
Duterte stated at a rally in April 2016 that he shot a fellow student who had |
Duterte stated at a rally in April 2016 that he shot a fellow student who had bullied him about his Visayan origin as well as other students of the same ethnicity, while at San Beda law college. He said, "But the truth is, I'm used to shooting people. When we were about to graduate from San Beda, I shot a person." Duterte said that he shot the student in a corridor at the college when the said student called him names again. He later told a reporter that the student survived, but refused to answer any further questions about the incident.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 22, 2016 |title=Law student Duterte shot frat brod on campus in '72 |newspaper=] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/780836/law-student-duterte-shot-frat-brod-on-campus-in-72 |access-date=September 24, 2016}}</ref> | ||
However, in an interview aired on '']'' and published on the official GMA News Online website on April 22, 2016, retired labor arbiter Arthur Amansec said Duterte and Octavio Goco at that time were both playing with a gun as it was normal for students to bring guns to school in the seventies. Amansec is Duterte's former classmate in San Beda College who witnessed the incident. He added that "the bullet hit the school's wooden floor and was embedded there." Amansec emphasized that Duterte and Goco remained friends until Goco died in the United States years later.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ex-classmate bares details of shooting incident between Duterte, friend |language=en-US |work=] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/563671/news/nation/ex-classmate-bares-details-of-shooting-incident-between-duterte-friend/ |access-date=November 21, 2019}}</ref><!-- There was an earlier supplementary citation of a Rappler.com source, but per an RSN post, that appears to be a social media site or a venue for self-publishing, whose use here violated WP:BLPSPS. If there is any material in the sentence that can only be attributed to such sources, it should be removed. No prejudice against the content itself. User:Hijiri88, October 2016. --> | |||
==Mayor of Davao City== | |||
==Political career in Davao City== | |||
{{see also|1989 Davao hostage crisis}} | {{see also|1989 Davao hostage crisis}} | ||
] during a meeting with local government unit leaders in Davao City in 2013]] | ] during a meeting with local government unit leaders in Davao City in 2013]] | ||
After the 1986 ], Duterte was appointed officer-in-charge vice mayor. In 1988, he ran for mayor and won, serving until 1998. He set a precedent by designating deputy mayors that represented the ] and ] peoples in the city government, which was later copied in other parts of the Philippines. In 1998, because he was term-limited to run again for mayor, he ran for the House of Representatives and won as Congressman of the 1st District of Davao City (under the ] coalition). In 2001, he ran again for mayor in Davao and was again elected for his fourth term. He was re-elected in 2004 and in 2007.<ref name="DoonPoSaAmin">{{cite web|title=6 Things You Need To Know About Davao City Mayor Rodrigo Duterte|url=http://doonposaamin.ph/articles/people-to-meet/6-things-you-need-to-know-about-davao-city-mayor-rodrigo-duterte|website=Doon Po Sa Amin|accessdate=September 14, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604231605/http://doonposaamin.ph/articles/people-to-meet/6-things-you-need-to-know-about-davao-city-mayor-rodrigo-duterte|archivedate=June 4, 2016|date=June 5, 2016}}</ref> | |||
After the 1986 ] that toppled the regime of President ], Duterte was appointed officer-in-charge vice mayor of Davao City by President ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gulla |first1=Vivienne |title=Duterte credits Cory Aquino for his political career |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/07/18/duterte-credits-cory-aquino-for-his-political-career |access-date=October 30, 2024 |work=] |date=March 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241030164749/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/07/18/duterte-credits-cory-aquino-for-his-political-career |archive-date=October 30, 2024}}</ref> In the ], he ran for ] under the banner of Lakas ng Dabaw, defeating former OIC Mayor ] by a margin of 6,000 votes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asistio proclamation snagged by protest |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lZAtAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA8 |access-date=October 30, 2024 |work=] |publisher=Manila Standard |date=January 31, 1988 |page=8 |language=en |via=]}}</ref> | |||
] under Duterte won the National Literacy Hall of Fame Award for being a three-time first-place winner in the Outstanding Local Government Unit, Highly Urbanized City category. In 2013, Davao City sent rescue and medical teams to ] to give aid to the victims of ], locally known in the country as Typhoon Yolanda. Financial assistance was also given to ] and ] for the earthquake victims.<ref name=enterdavao>{{cite web |title=Accomplishments of Mayor Duterte to date |url=http://www.enterdavao.com/2014/01/1st-half-of-2013-accomplishment-of.html |website=Enter Davao |publisher=Enter Davao}}</ref> | |||
As mayor of Davao City, Duterte made efforts to unite the different tribes and political groups in the city. He set a precedent by designating deputy mayors to represent the administrative districts, as well as the ] and ] peoples in the city government; this was later copied by other cities in other parts of the Philippines.<ref name="Gonzales-2005" /> | |||
Though openly supportive of the killings of habitual drug users and dealers, Duterte used city government funds to build a {{Philippine peso|12-million}} ] center which provides 24-hour services. In 2003, he offered a {{Philippine peso|2,000}} monthly allowance to drug addicts who personally approached him and committed to kick the habit. Duterte is also publicly known for visiting remote ] camps negotiating peace transaction efforts and advocating diplomacy.<ref name="Duterte22" /> | |||
In December 1990, Duterte joined the ] upon the persuasion of Senator ].<ref name="MSBigornia" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Beltran |first=Luis D. |author-link=Louie Beltran |date=March 11, 1991 |title=The relevance of political parties |page=9 |work=] |publisher=Kagitingan Publications, Inc. |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LK8mAAAAIBAJ&sjid=CAsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6369%2C1737842 |access-date=May 19, 2021 |quote=Enrile has been busy recruiting new NP members – Mayor Duterte of Davao City, for example...}}</ref> In 1992, he successfully defended his seat from ] representative ]. In 1995, after ], a Filipina, was executed in ] after confessing to a double murder, Duterte allegedly burned a ] (though this claim was later denied) and joined 1,000 employees of Davao City in protest.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shenon |first=Philip |date=March 22, 1995 |title=Outcry Mounts in Philippines Over Hanging |work=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/22/world/outcry-mounts-in-philippines-over-hanging.html |access-date=May 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dancel |first=Raul |title=Spokesman for Rodrigo Duterte says remarks on burning Singapore flag made 'jokingly' |work=] |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/spokesman-for-rodrigo-duterte-says-remarks-on-burning-singapore-flag-made-jokingly |access-date=May 7, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Duterte was also the first mayor in the Philippines to give formal representation to the ] ] and ], designating deputy mayors to represent their interests in the local government. The anti-discrimination ] he mandated, was reportedly a response to news he received that Muslims were being discriminated against by real estate agents.<ref name="Duterte22" /> | |||
In 1998, because he was term-limited to run again for mayor, Duterte ran and won as congressman of the city's ] under the ] (LAMMP). He was a member of five House committees, namely: ], ], ], ], and ]. He filed 64 measures, including 45 bills, with one enacted into law—Republic Act No. 8969, which declared the third Friday of August a special holiday in Davao City. He expressed disinterest with his new post, describing it as less engaging compared to his time as mayor. He attempted to resign in 1999 after his son ] was accused of mauling a hotel guard, but both House Speaker ] and President ] declined his resignation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/134492-congressman-rodrigo-duterte-davao-city/|title=How did Rodrigo Duterte fare as congressman?|first=Reynaldo Jr.|last=Santos|work=]|date=May 28, 2016|accessdate=September 23, 2024}}</ref> | |||
In 2010, he was elected vice mayor, succeeding his daughter, ], who was elected as mayor. He has been offered the ] post 4 times, by presidents ], ], ], and ] but rejected all of them. In April 2014, he also declined a nomination for the World Mayor Prize, given by an international body to outstanding mayors saying "he was just doing his job."<ref name="Duterte22" /> Among the other awards Duterte also refused to accept for Davao City include the one given by the ] and the 2010 anti-smoking award in ].<ref name="FilipiKnow"/> | |||
In 2001, he ran again for mayor of Davao against his former ally, Mayor Benjamin de Guzman.<ref>{{cite news|last=Canuday|first=Jowel F.|title=Davao City poll drive: It's all in the family|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r6U2AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA14|access-date=August 2, 2024|newspaper=]|date=March 2, 2001|page=A14}}</ref> He won against de Guzman and was elected for a fourth term. He was re-elected in 2004, defeating de Guzman for the second time,<ref>{{Cite news|date=May 18, 2004|title=Landslide win for Davao's Duterte|work=]|url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2004/05/18/250446/landslide-win-davao146s-duterte|access-date=March 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317110924/https://www.philstar.com/nation/2004/05/18/250446/landslide-win-davao146s-duterte |archive-date=March 17, 2022}}</ref> and in 2007 with virtually no opposition.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Arguillas |first=Carolyn O. |date=May 11, 2016 |title=Rodrigo Roa Duterte: 16th President, first Mindanawon to lead the country |work=] |url=https://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2016/05/rodrigo-roa-duterte-16th-president-first-mindanawon-to-lead-the-country/ |access-date=June 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922221257/https://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2016/05/rodrigo-roa-duterte-16th-president-first-mindanawon-to-lead-the-country/ |archive-date=September 22, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Duterte banned swimsuit competitions in beauty pageants in Davao City.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ranada |first=Pia |date=December 2, 2015 |title=Alan Cayetano: Don't forget Duterte protects women too |url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2016/114627-alan-peter-cayetano-duterte-protects-women |publisher='']'' |location= |access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref> Davao City won the Galing Pook award for "gender-responsive" governance in 2004.<ref name="Rappler-Philandering">{{cite news|last1=Vitug|first1=Marites Dañguilan|title=‘Philandering’ Rodrigo Duterte cause of marriage annulment|url=http://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/inside-track/100729-philandering-rodrigo-duterte-marriage-annulment|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=Rappler|date=July 28, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106152555/http://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/inside-track/100729-philandering-rodrigo-duterte-marriage-annulment|archivedate=January 6, 2016}}</ref> Duterte also gained prominence for supporting the first-ever ] Village inside a jail facility which is only located in Davao City. It is a home-type jail with ten cottages built inside the compound, which now serve as home for almost 100 women inmates.<ref name="Rappler-Philandering" /> | |||
===Law and order=== | |||
] | |||
]|left]] | |||
In 2010, he was elected vice mayor, succeeding his daughter ], who was elected as mayor.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subingsubing |first=Krixia |date=January 18, 2021 |title=Robredo, Sara Duterte react to President's remarks on female leaders |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1384852/leni-sara-react-to-rodys-remarks-on-female-leaders |access-date=April 15, 2021}}</ref><!-- He has been offered the post of ] four times by presidents ], ], ] and ], but rejected all of them. --> | |||
Through the support of Duterte, the City Council amended ordinance No. 1627, Series of 1994, to impose a prohibition on selling, serving, drinking and consuming alcoholic beverages from 01:00 until 08:00 each morning. Executive Order No. 39 was signed by Duterte, reducing the speed limits for all kinds of motor vehicles within the territorial jurisdiction of Davao City in the interest of public safety and order.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/73553-davao-city-less-road-accidents-speed-limit |title=Huge drop in Davao road accidents due to speed limit |publisher=] |author=Manlupig, K. |date=October 30, 2014 |accessdate=September 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/684841/davao-citys-speed-limit-reduces-accidents-but-businesses-also-affected |title=Davao City's speed limit reduces accidents, but businesses also affected |publisher=] |author=Mejos, A.I. |date=April 11, 2015 |accessdate=September 15, 2016}}</ref> Duterte also signed Executive Order No. 04, Series of 2013 to impose an order creating the implementing of rules and regulations for the new comprehensive anti-smoking ordinance no. 0367-12, Series of 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philstar.com/nation/2014/02/13/1289610/noy-complies-davao-citys-smoking-ordinance |title=Noy complies with Davao City's smoking ordinance |publisher=] |author=Regalado, E. |date=February 13, 2014 |accessdate=September 15, 2016}}</ref> Davao City's ] was also implemented with ordinance No. 060-02/1406-02, Series of 2002 by the City Council through the support of Duterte.<ref name="cnnphdvo">{{cite web|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/05/17/davao-city-ordinances.html |title=Davao City ordinances that may be implemented nationwide under a Duterte presidency |publisher=] |author=Tordecilla, K. |date=May 18, 2016 |accessdate=September 15, 2016}}</ref> | |||
In 2013, Davao City sent rescue and medical teams to ] to give aid to the victims of ] (locally known in the country as Typhoon Yolanda). Financial assistance was also given to ] and ] for ].<ref name="SunStar-2013QuakeAid">{{Cite news |last1=Maru |first1=Davinci S. |last2=Vestil |first2=Justin K. |last3=Pineda |first3=Oscar C. |last4=Felicitas |first4=Princess Dawn H. |date=October 22, 2013 |title=Davao brings P18M as help to Cebu, Bohol |work=] |url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/local-news/2013/10/22/davao-brings-p18m-help-cebu-bohol-309893 |access-date=December 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025010148/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/local-news/2013/10/22/davao-brings-p18m-help-cebu-bohol-309893 |archive-date=October 25, 2013}}</ref> | |||
Another known accomplishment was that the City Government of Davao was able to acquire 10 more ambulances for ] intended for medical emergencies and 42 new mobile patrol vehicles and motorcycles for the Davao City Police Office (the first and only 9-1-1 ] in ] which is also free of charge).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/davaos-central-911-serves-as-model-for-national-counterpart/ |title=Davao’s Central 911 serves as model for national counterpart |publisher=] |author=Ocampo, Y.D. |date=August 5, 2016 |accessdate=September 15, 2016}}</ref> Duterte, through Executive Order No. 24, ordered all shopping malls and commercial centers to install, operate and maintain high end and high definition closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras at all entrance and exit points of their premises.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Nation&title=malls-in-davao-told-to-follow-security-rules&id=77014 |title=Malls in Davao told to follow security rules |publisher=] |date=September 26, 2013 |accessdate=September 15, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Duterte also passed |
Duterte also passed Davao City's Women Development Code, which aims "to uphold the rights of women and the belief in their worth and dignity as human beings".<ref name="DavaoCityGovPH-GADAwards">{{Cite web |title=Davao City's GAD Awards |url=http://www.davaocity.gov.ph/igdd/downloads/report.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505195956/http://www.davaocity.gov.ph/igdd/downloads/report.pdf |archive-date=May 5, 2016 |access-date=September 14, 2016 |website=Davao City (government website)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Castillo, B.L. |date=May 14, 2016 |title=National women code eyed in Duterte's term |work=]|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/2016/05/14/national-women-code-eyed-dutertes-term-473693 |access-date=September 15, 2016 |archive-date=November 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102213432/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/2016/05/14/national-women-code-eyed-dutertes-term-473693 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Duterte banned swimsuit competitions in beauty pageants in Davao City.<ref name="GMANews-SwimsuitBan">{{Cite news |date=June 17, 2007 |title=Davao City bans bikini contests – report |work=] |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/46973/news/regions/davao-city-bans-bikini-contests-report |access-date=December 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219063030/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/46973/news/regions/davao-city-bans-bikini-contests-report |archive-date=December 19, 2016}}</ref> He gained prominence for supporting the first-ever ] Village inside a jail facility in Davao City. It is a home-type jail with ten cottages built inside the compound, which now serve as homes for female inmates.<ref name="PhilStar-GawadKalinga">{{Cite news |last=Esteves |first=Patricia |date=March 16, 2008 |title=Gawad Kalinga builds humane haven for Davao female inmates |work=] |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/50455/gawad-kalinga-builds-humane-haven-davao-female-inmates |access-date=December 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630161539/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/50455/gawad-kalinga-builds-humane-haven-davao-female-inmates |archive-date=June 30, 2016}}</ref> | ||
===Law and order=== | |||
] is illegal. In Davao, by city ordinance, police ensure that prostitutes have a valid health card, but do not arrest them.<ref>{{cite news|title=Welcome to Davao, the Philippine Leader’s Town: ‘No Smoking, No Crime’|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/17/world/asia/philippines-davao-duterte.html|accessdate=October 8, 2016|work=New York Times|date=June 16, 2016}}</ref> In 2010, the Philippine Child Protection Unit stated that Davao was one of the top five areas for ] and ] in the Philippines.<ref>{{cite news|title=Children and the sex trade|url=http://www.edgedavao.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24155:children-and-the-sex-trade-first-of-two-parts&catid=60:special-feature&Itemid=85|accessdate=October 8, 2016|work=Edge Davao|date=December 26, 2015}}</ref> Jeanette Ampog, the executive director of Talikala, a Davao-based ] that helps prostitutes, said in October 2016 that child prostitution had sharply increased over the past two years. She said that children were cheaper and more marketable.<ref>{{cite news|title=Child prostitution in Davao rising|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/2016/10/04/child-prostitution-davao-rising-501485|accessdate=October 8, 2016|work=Sun Star|date=October 4, 2016}}</ref> | |||
] | |||
During Duterte's tenure as mayor, ] experienced economic boom and a significant decrease in crime from being a conflict-ridden area between communists and right-wing groups during the 1970s and 1980s, and is constantly rated as among the safest in the country.<ref name="Heydarian-2017">{{Cite book |last=Heydarian |first=Richard Javad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cvs1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35 |title=The Rise of Duterte: A Populist Revolt against Elite Democracy |date=September 15, 2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-10-5918-6 |page=35 |language=en |access-date=March 17, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Dacumos-Lagorza-2017">{{Cite journal |last=Dacumos-Lagorza |first=Kristine |date=September 1, 2017 |title=Defining Davao |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=COSEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA62 |journal=LEAGUE Magazine |language=en |publisher=The League Publishing Company, Inc. |issue=September–October 2017 Issue: The Local Government Unit Magazine |page=62}}</ref> The city also ranks high in the world according to crowdsourced survey site ],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hegina |first=Aries Joseph |title=Davao City improves to 5th in ranking of world's safest cities |newspaper=] |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/125132/davao-city-improves-to-5th-in-ranking-of-worlds-safest-cities |access-date=November 21, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Llemit |first=Ralph Lawrence G. |date=August 5, 2019 |title=Davao 2nd top safest city in SEA |work=]|url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/1817328 |url-status=dead |access-date=November 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805162214/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1817328 |archive-date=August 5, 2019}}</ref> a narrative that gained currency in the national media, creating a widespread public perception that has been a significant factor in establishing support for his ].<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 2, 2017 |title=Thousands dead: the Philippine president, the death squad allegations and a brutal drugs war |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/02/philippines-president-duterte-drugs-war-death-squads |access-date=September 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=February 2, 2017 |title=Drugs and death in Davao: the making of Rodrigo Duterte |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/9d6225dc-e805-11e6-967b-c88452263daf?mhq5j=e6 |access-date=September 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=May 26, 2016 |title=Philippine death squads very much in business as Duterte set for presidency |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-killings-insight-idUSKCN0YG0EB |access-date=September 14, 2016 |quote=Today, thanks to Duterte's campaigns against drugs and crime, Davao today feels much safer, say the locals. But it still ranks first among 15 Philippine cities for murder and second for rape, according to the national police.}}</ref> The city was also awarded "Most Child-Friendly City for Highly-Urbanized Category" in 1998, 1999, 2013 and 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2015 |title=Another child-friendly award given Davao |newspaper=] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/690922/another-child-friendly-award-given-davao |access-date=July 26, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 12, 2017 |title=Davao City bags Kalasag, Most Child-Friendly awards |work=]|url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/409592/Davao-City-bags-Kalasag-Most-Child-Friendly-awards |access-date=July 26, 2018}}</ref> | |||
===Crime rate=== | |||
Under Duterte's watch, the city council imposed a prohibition on selling, serving, drinking, and consuming alcoholic beverages from 01:00 until 08:00 each morning. Duterte signed Executive Order No. 39, reducing the speed limits for all kinds of motor vehicles within the territorial jurisdiction of Davao City in the interest of public safety and order.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Mejos, A.I. |date=April 11, 2015 |title=Davao City's speed limit reduces accidents, but businesses also affected |newspaper=] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/684841/davao-citys-speed-limit-reduces-accidents-but-businesses-also-affected |access-date=September 15, 2016}}</ref><!-- There was an earlier supplementary citation of a Rappler.com source, but per an RSN post, that appears to be a social media site or a venue for self-publishing, whose use here violated WP:BLPSPS. If there is any material in the sentence that can only be attributed to such sources, it should be removed. No prejudice against the content itself. User:Hijiri88, October 2016. --> Duterte also signed Executive Order No. 04 creating the implementing of rules and regulations for a new comprehensive anti-smoking ordinance.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Regalado |first=E. |date=February 13, 2014 |title=Noy complies with Davao City's smoking ordinance |work=] |url=http://www.philstar.com/nation/2014/02/13/1289610/noy-complies-davao-citys-smoking-ordinance |access-date=September 15, 2016}}</ref> A ] was also implemented by the City Council through the support of Duterte.<ref name="cnnphdvo">{{Cite news |last=Tordecilla, K. |date=May 18, 2016 |title=Davao City ordinances that may be implemented nationwide under a Duterte presidency |work=] |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/05/17/davao-city-ordinances.html |access-date=September 15, 2016 |archive-date=September 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919004529/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/05/17/davao-city-ordinances.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Davao acquired 10 ambulances for ] intended for medical emergencies and 42 mobile patrol vehicles and motorcycles for the Davao City Police Office.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ocampo |first=Y.D. |date=August 5, 2016 |title=Davao's Central 911 serves as model for national counterpart |work=] |url=http://www.mb.com.ph/davaos-central-911-serves-as-model-for-national-counterpart/ |access-date=September 15, 2016}}</ref> Duterte, through Executive Order No. 24, ordered all shopping malls and commercial centers to install, operate and maintain high end and high definition closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras at all entrance and exit points of their premises.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 26, 2013 |title=Malls in Davao told to follow security rules |work=] |url=http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Nation&title=malls-in-davao-told-to-follow-security-rules&id=77014 |url-status=dead |access-date=September 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112040749/https://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Nation |archive-date=November 12, 2020}}</ref> | |||
] | |||
In September 2015, Duterte was contacted by a restaurant owner in Davao City after a local tourist refused to comply with the city's public anti-smoking ordinance. The then-mayor went to the restaurant and had the tourist choose to be shot at his crotch, have himself imprisoned, or swallow his cigarette butt; the tourist chose the latter and apologized to Duterte.<ref name="Inquirer-CigaretteSwallow">{{Cite news |last=Gonzales |first=Yuji Vincent |date=September 3, 2015 |title=Davao tourist swallows cigarette butt after reprimand from Duterte |newspaper=] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/719038/davao-tourist-swallows-cigarette-butt-after-reprimand-from-duterte |access-date=December 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905145735/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/719038/davao-tourist-swallows-cigarette-butt-after-reprimand-from-duterte |archive-date=September 5, 2015}}</ref> Duterte was then met with criticisms especially from the ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mateo |first1=Janvic |title=CHR to government officials: Treat people with respect |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/09/04/1496083/chr-government-officials-treat-people-respect |access-date=November 16, 2024 |work=] |date=September 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003062953/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/09/04/1496083/chr-government-officials-treat-people-respect |archive-date=October 3, 2018}}</ref> | |||
] reported in May 2016 that according to national police Davao has the highest murder rate and the second highest rape rate among 15 Philippine cities, and that locals think that the city has become safer because of Duterte's campaigns against drugs and crime.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-killings-insight-idUSKCN0YG0EB |title=Philippine death squads very much in business as Duterte set for presidency |work=Reuters |date=May 26, 2016 |accessdate=September 14, 2016 |quote=Today, thanks to Duterte's campaigns against drugs and crime, Davao today feels much safer, say the locals. But it still ranks first among 15 Philippine cities for murder and second for rape, according to national police. }}</ref><ref name=PNP2016>{{cite news |author=Mike Frialde |title=Murder rate highest in Davao City – PNP |newspaper=] |url=http://www.philstar.com/nation/2016/04/02/1568394/murder-rate-highest-davao-city-pnp |date=April 2, 2016 |accessdate=May 10, 2016}}</ref> | |||
===Alleged involvement with Davao Death Squad=== | |||
Crime figures reported by Duterte, stated that crime in the city was significantly reduced during the period 1985–2000. Duterte suggested that there had been a decrease in crime from a triple-digit crime rate per 1,000 people in 1985, to 0.8 cases per 10,000 inhabitants in the period 1999 to 2005. Furthermore, according to police statistics, the population in Davao City grew from 1.12 million to 1.44 million between 1999 and 2008 (29 per cent). In the corresponding period, the incidence of reported crime rose from 975 to 3,391 (248 per cent).<ref name="CNNPhilippines-PoliceDebunks">{{cite news|last1=Tesiorna|first1=Ben O.|title=Davao police debunks Mar Roxas' claim Davao City is not safe|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2015/12/12/Davao-police-debunks-Roxas-claim-Davao-City-is-not-safe.html|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=CNN Philippines|date=December 12, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121034127/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2015/12/12/Davao-police-debunks-Roxas-claim-Davao-City-is-not-safe.html|archivedate=January 21, 2016}}</ref> | |||
{{Main|Davao Death Squad}} | |||
{{Further|Philippine drug war#Senate committee|Philippine drug war#Arturo Lascañas}} | |||
Duterte has been linked by human rights groups such as ] and ] to ]s of over 1,400 alleged criminals and ] by ] ]s.<ref name="ds" /><ref name="HRWOrg-TheRise">{{Cite news |date=July 17, 2015 |title=Rodrigo Duterte: The Rise of Philippines' Death Squad Mayor |work=Human Rights Watch |publisher=The Mark News |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/07/17/rodrigo-duterte-rise-philippines-death-squad-mayor |access-date=September 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901200109/https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/07/17/rodrigo-duterte-rise-philippines-death-squad-mayor |archive-date=September 1, 2016}}</ref> In the April 2009 UN General Assembly of the Human Rights Council, the UN report (Eleventh Session Agenda item 3, par 21) said, "The Mayor of Davao City has done nothing to prevent these killings, and his public comments suggest that he is, in fact, supportive."<ref name="www.ohchr.org">{{Cite web |title=Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions |url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/11session/A.HRC.11.2.Add.8.pdf |website=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> Duterte emphasized that the concept of human rights for criminals is Western and should not apply to the Philippines;<ref name="Inquirer-Lacorte-2015">{{Cite news |last=Lacorte |first=Germelina |date=May 15, 2015 |title=Duterte on criminals: 'Kill all of them' |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/691527/dutertes-secret-in-keeping-davao-city-phs-safest-kill-criminals |access-date=March 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517231926/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/691527/dutertes-secret-in-keeping-davao-city-phs-safest-kill-criminals |archive-date=May 17, 2015}}</ref> he further challenged human rights officials to file a case against him if they could provide evidence of his links with vigilante groups.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Duterte admits links to Davao Death Squad |work=] |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/regions/05/25/15/duterte-admits-links-davao-death-squad-says-hell-kill-100000-criminals}}</ref> | |||
The number of index crimes have significantly decreased since 2013 and 2015, with most killings occurring during police operations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://northboundasia.com/2016/04/11/pnp-index-crime-report-misleads-true-state-davaos-peace-order-situation/|title=PNP index crime report misleads true state of Davao's peace and order situation|last=Online|first=Northbound Philippines News|date=April 11, 2016|website=Northbound Philippines News Online|access-date=May 15, 2016}}</ref> | |||
===Extrajudicial killings=== | |||
{{see also|Davao Death Squad}} | |||
Duterte, who has been dubbed "The Punisher" by '']'' magazine,<ref name=Time2002>{{cite web |author=Phil Zabriskie |title=The Punisher |work=TIME.com |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,265480,00.html |date=July 19, 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022100313/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,265480,00.html |archive-date=October 22, 2010 }}</ref> has been linked by human rights groups such as ] and ] to ]s of over 1,400 alleged criminals and ] by ] ]s.<ref name=ds/><ref name="HRWOrg-TheRise">{{cite news|title=Rodrigo Duterte: The Rise of Philippines’ Death Squad Mayor|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/07/17/rodrigo-duterte-rise-philippines-death-squad-mayor|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=Human Rights Watch|publisher=The Mark News|date=July 17, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901200109/https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/07/17/rodrigo-duterte-rise-philippines-death-squad-mayor|archivedate=September 1, 2016}}</ref> In the April 2009 UN General Assembly of the Human Rights Council, the UN report (Eleventh Session Agenda item 3, par 21) said, "The Mayor of Davao City has done nothing to prevent these killings, and his public comments suggest that he is, in fact, supportive."<ref name="www.ohchr.org">{{cite web |url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/11session/A.HRC.11.2.Add.8.pdf |title=Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions |format=PDF |website=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> Human Rights Watch reported that in 2001–2002, Duterte appeared on local television and radio and announced the names of "criminals", some of whom were later executed.<ref name="Human Rights Watch">{{cite web |title="You Can Die Any Time" Death Squad Killings in Mindanao |url=http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/philippines0409webwcover_0.pdf |website=www.hrw.org |format=PDF |publisher=Human Rights Watch |accessdate=September 6, 2014}}</ref> In July 2005 at a crime summit at the ], Duterte said, "Summary execution of criminals remains the most effective way to crush kidnapping and illegal drugs".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cullen|first1=Fr. Shay|title=We must stand against the death squads|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2518&dat=20060507&id=wEtaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ESgMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2393,816222 |accessdate=September 6, 2014 |publisher=The Manila Times |date=May 7, 2006 |ref=The Manila Times 2}}</ref> | |||
{{blockquote|We're the ninth-safest city. How do you think I did it? How did I reach that title among the world's safest cities? Kill them all .|Duterte, May 15, 2015<ref name=Inquirer-Lacorte-2015/>}} | |||
Duterte has denied responsibility for the extra-judicial killings. He has also frequently announced his support for them. According to Reuters, "Duterte's loud approval for hundreds of execution-style killings of drug users and criminals over nearly two decades helped propel him to the highest office of a crime-weary land."<ref name=ds/> In 2009 Duterte said: "If you are doing an illegal activity in my city, if you are a criminal or part of a syndicate that preys on the innocent people of the city, for as long as I am the mayor, you are a legitimate target of assassination."<ref name=www.news.com.au>{{cite web|title=The Philippines' real-life Punisher, Davao City Mayor Rodrigo Duterte, urged to run for president|url=http://www.news.com.au/world/asia/the-philippines-reallife-punisher-davao-city-mayor-rodrigo-duterte-urged-to-run-for-president/story-fnh81fz8-1226973937374|website=News.com.au|publisher=News.com.au|accessdate=September 6, 2014}}</ref> In 2015, Duterte confirmed his links to extrajudicial killings in Davao, and warned that, if elected president, he may kill up to 100,000 criminals. After the said confirmation, Duterte challenged human rights officials to file a case against him if they could provide evidence to his links with vigilante groups.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/regions/05/25/15/duterte-admits-links-davao-death-squad-says-hell-kill-100000-criminals|title=Duterte admits links to Davao Death Squad|work=ABS-CBN News}}</ref> | |||
Duterte frequently expressed his support for the extrajudicial killings that occurred during his tenure as Davao City mayor, while alternately denying and admitting his links to them.<ref name=ds/><ref name="Human Rights Watch">{{Cite web |title="You Can Die Any Time" Death Squad Killings in Mindanao |url=https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/philippines0409webwcover_0.pdf |access-date=September 6, 2014 |website=Human Rights Watch}}</ref><ref name="www.news.com.au">{{Cite news |title=The Philippines' real-life Punisher, Davao City Mayor Rodrigo Duterte, urged to run for president |work=News.com.au |url=http://www.news.com.au/world/asia/the-philippines-reallife-punisher-davao-city-mayor-rodrigo-duterte-urged-to-run-for-president/story-fnh81fz8-1226973937374 |url-status=dead |access-date=September 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906113159/http://www.news.com.au/world/asia/the-philippines-reallife-punisher-davao-city-mayor-rodrigo-duterte-urged-to-run-for-president/story-fnh81fz8-1226973937374 |archive-date=September 6, 2014}}</ref> During his post-presidency in October 2023, he admitted on his talk show program '']'' to using intelligence funds to finance the extrajudicial killings done during his time as mayor.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ramos|first=Marlon|title=Rodrigo Duterte remark he funded Davao slays sent to ICC|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1846808/rodrigo-duterte-remark-he-funded-davao-slays-sent-to-icc|access-date=October 23, 2023|newspaper=]|date=October 17, 2023|location=], Philippines}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media|author=]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=miDJCWnLynM&t=4316s|title=Gikan sa Masa, Para sa Masa (OCTOBER.10.2023)|date=October 11, 2023|access-date=October 23, 2023|website=]|publisher=]|time=1:11:57|language=Filipino, English|quote=Kinain ko yung intelligence fund... Ang intelligence fund, binili ko, pinapatay ko lahat.}}</ref> | |||
===Advocacy=== | |||
{{Main article|Federalism in the Philippines}} | |||
In 2014, Davao City Mayor Rodrigo Duterte initiated the holding of a summit: ''"I am calling on all responsible leaders in the island, from government and civil society organizations, from the business and academe sectors, the leaders of the Church, the military and the youth, let us all forge a well-informed, united front, so we could craft a collective plan of action for Mindanao's true identity reflective of what its peoples and tribes truly wish and aspire for"'', Duterte said in a statement.<ref name="mndtimes">{{cite web|url=http://mindanaotimes.net/stirring-the-pot/ |title=Stirring the pot |publisher=] |author=Petalcorin, S.I. |date=December 1, 2014 |accessdate=September 15, 2016}}</ref> | |||
===Federalism advocacy=== | |||
Among those who were invited to attend were former President ], Msgr. Fernando Capalla, ] President Fr. Joel Tabora, former Mindanao Economic Development Council chair Paul G. Dominguez, and retired General Hermogenes Esperon. Local government heads from Mindanao cities, towns and provinces were also expected to attend, as well as Catholic bishops and Muslim religious leaders.<ref name="mndtimes"/> | |||
{{Main|Federalism and Rodrigo Duterte}} | |||
In September 2014, Duterte and former mayors and governors, calling themselves the Mindanao Council of Leaders, advocated for a federalist government.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 14, 2014 |title=Duterte, Mindanao leaders bat federalism |work=Davao Today |url=http://davaotoday.com/main/politics/duterte-mindanao-leaders-bat-federalism/ |access-date=September 15, 2016}}</ref> A month later, Duterte attended an event sponsored by the Federal Movement for a Better Philippines in ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Casas |first=Arianne Caryl |date=November 30, 2014 |title=Federalism summit in Davao today |work=Sun.Star |url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/2014/11/30/federalism-summit-davao-today-379430 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213180224/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/2014/11/30/federalism-summit-davao-today-379430 |archive-date=December 13, 2014}}</ref> | |||
In September 2014, Duterte met with former mayors and governors in an initial effort to revive calls for a ]. The group, which called itself Mindanao Council of Leaders, made their position public after an informal caucus. Present during the said meeting were ] Governor Jose Maria Zubiri, former ] mayors Reuben Canoy and Vicente Emano, former ] congressman Romeo Jalosjos, and former ] representative ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://davaotoday.com/main/politics/duterte-mindanao-leaders-bat-federalism/ |title=Duterte, Mindanao leaders bat federalism |publisher=Davao Today |date=September 14, 2014 |accessdate=September 15, 2016}}</ref> | |||
In December 2014, Duterte held a summit entitled "Mindanaons Forging Unity Toward a Federal System of Government".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mellejor |first=Lilian C. |date=November 14, 2014 |title=Davao mayor convenes Mindanao leaders for Federalism summit |work=Philippines Today |url=http://www.philippinestoday.net/archives/17403 |access-date=April 27, 2019}}</ref> | |||
A month later, Duterte was in ] and met with Cebu officials. The event was sponsored by the ''Federal Movement for a Better Philippines'' and coincided with the induction of its new set of officers held at the Sacred Heart Center in ].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/2014/11/30/federalism-summit-davao-today-379430 |title=Federalism summit in Davao today |date=November 30, 2014 |first=Arianne Caryl |last=Casas |newspaper=Sun.Star}}</ref> | |||
==2016 presidential campaign== | |||
===Presidential bid=== | |||
{{Main |
{{Main|Rodrigo Duterte 2016 presidential campaign}} | ||
{{Further|2016 Philippine presidential election}} | |||
], April 27, 2016]] | |||
] | |||
As early as the first quarter of 2015, Duterte made hints to the media of his intention to run for president in the 2016 elections. However, he denied these plans numerous times amidst clamor from his supporters for him to run. | |||
Prospects of Duterte running for president in the 2016 elections began in February 2015, during which Duterte, then outgoing ], re-entered the ] party, who courted him to run for president.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Esmaquel |first1=Paterno II |title=Duterte 're-enters' PDP-Laban amid 2016 prospects |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/84620-rodrigo-duterte-pdp-laban/ |access-date=July 30, 2024 |work=] |date=February 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727072014/https://www.rappler.com/philippines/84620-rodrigo-duterte-pdp-laban/ |archive-date=July 27, 2024}}</ref> A month later, Duterte emerged as a preferred presidential candidate in a ] poll; tied with Manila mayor and former president ], Duterte ranked third behind Senator ] and frontrunner, Vice President ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hofilena |first1=Chay |title=Duterte is No. 3 in presidential preference poll |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/87143-duterte-ranks-3-presidential-preference-poll/ |access-date=July 30, 2024 |work=] |date=March 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730123351/https://www.rappler.com/philippines/87143-duterte-ranks-3-presidential-preference-poll/ |archive-date=July 30, 2024}}</ref> In the following months leading to October, however, Duterte repeatedly declined his supporters' clamors for him to run as president because of what he described as a "flawed government system", as well as lack of funds and opposition from his family members—notably, from his daughter ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gonzales |first1=Yuji Vincent |title=Duterte's final answer: I won't run for president |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/719960/dutertes-final-answer-i-wont-run-for-president |access-date=July 30, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=September 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910015552/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/719960/dutertes-final-answer-i-wont-run-for-president |archive-date=September 10, 2015 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ranada-2015" /> Additionally, Duterte said he will retire from politics after his mayorship ends, but only if Sara runs as mayor.<ref name="Ranada-2015">{{cite news |last1=Ranada |first1=Pia |title=Rodrigo Duterte: Sorry, I will not run for president |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/elections/109018-rodrigo-duterte-not-running-president/ |access-date=July 30, 2024 |work=] |date=October 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605045202/https://www.rappler.com/philippines/elections/109018-rodrigo-duterte-not-running-president/ |archive-date=June 5, 2024}}</ref> | |||
On October 16, 2015, on the last day of filing for certificates of candidacy, Martin Diño filed his intent to run for president under Duterte's party, ]. Duterte's supporters clamored for the possibility that Duterte be fielded as a substitute candidate for Diño, in the event that Diño gets disqualified or withdrew. On October 26, 2015, Duterte said on an interview that the deadline for his last decision if he will seek the presidency is on December 10. He also warned the people to abide by the law if he wins.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ressa |first=Maria |date=October 6, 2015 |title=Duterte, his 6 contradictions and planned dictatorship |url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2016/110679-duterte-contradictions-dictatorship |publisher='']'' |location= |access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref> On October 27, PDP-Laban has made it official that Duterte will substitute as the party's presidential bet if aspirant Martin Diño withdraws or is disqualified by the Commission of Elections (Comelec) from the 2016 race.<ref name="CNNPhilippines-PDPLaban">{{cite news|title=PDP-Laban decision final: Duterte to substitute if Diño withdraws presidential bid|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2015/10/27/Rodrigo-Rody-Duterte-Martin-Dino-2016-elections-PDP-Laban-president.html|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=CNN Philippines|publisher=CNN Philippines Staff|date=October 28, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124142/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2015/10/27/Rodrigo-Rody-Duterte-Martin-Dino-2016-elections-PDP-Laban-president.html|archivedate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> Two days later, PDP-Laban standard bearer Martin Diño officially withdrew his presidential bid and named Duterte as his substitute because of the possibility that Diño might be declared a ] by | |||
COMELEC.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Takumi|first1=Rie|title=Martin Diño withdraws candidacy for president, names Duterte as substitute|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/542407/news/nation/martin-dino-withdraws-candidacy-for-president-names-duterte-as-substitute|website=]|accessdate=October 29, 2015}}</ref> | |||
In an unforeseen development, PDP-Laban ] ] withdrew his candidacy on October 29 and named Duterte as his substitute.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Takumi |first1=Rie |title=Martin Diño withdraws candidacy for president, names Duterte as substitute |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/542407/martin-dino-withdraws-candidacy-for-president-names-duterte-as-substitute/story/ |access-date=July 30, 2024 |work=] |date=October 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201221443/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/542407/martin-dino-withdraws-candidacy-for-president-names-duterte-as-substitute/story/ |archive-date=February 1, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> A month later, Duterte formally announced his presidential bid and accepted ]'s offer to be his running mate; Duterte also named Sara as his substitute for Mayor of Davao City.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Rose-An Jessica |date=November 27, 2015 |title=Duterte files COC for president |work=] |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/545982/news/nation/duterte-files-coc-for-president |access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Duterte makes a stand |work=] |url=http://www.mb.com.ph/duterte-makes-a-stand/#LubMmVQSGTGM834v.99 |url-status=dead |access-date=November 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123202534/http://www.mb.com.ph/duterte-makes-a-stand/ |archive-date=November 23, 2015}}</ref> | |||
On October 30, an alleged campaign video of Duterte and Cayetano circulated on social media that put hopes on Duterte's candidacy as Cayetano's running mate. However, Duterte's aide Bong Go said on an interview that Duterte's mind hasn't changed yet but will continue on soul-searching with his family to know if he's going to run in the upcoming elections.<ref>{{cite web|title=Duterte still won't run for president, says assistant|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/2015/10/29/duterte-still-wont-run-presidency-says-assistant-438617|website=sunstar.com.ph|accessdate=October 30, 2015}}</ref> On November 1, Duterte said that nothing still hasn't changed and he isn't fit for national office. He also said that he is still waiting for an official communication from his party about his possible candidacy; Duterte will also wait if his daughter will agree to substitute for him at the mayoral race of Davao and he will retire from public service if Sara agreed to do so.<ref>{{cite web|title=Party can't budge Duterte; 'heads shaved in protest'|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/736175/party-cant-budge-duterte-heads-shaved-in-protest|website=newsinfo.inquirer.net|accessdate=November 2, 2015}}</ref> On November 2, ] executive Dr. Arwin Serrano said that Martin Diño is deemed to face an election sabotage complaint because of proposing Duterte as his substitute for him, however, Diño denied the allegations that his filing of candidacy is just a front to pave the way for Duterte's possible substitution.<ref>{{cite web|title=PPCRV exec: Diño faces election sabotage case for Duterte substitution plan|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/article/119629/ppcrv-exec-dio-faces-election-sabotage-case-for-duterte-substitution-plan|website=interaksyon.com|accessdate=November 2, 2015}}</ref> In an interview with Comelec Chairman ] on November 3, he stated that, although they have noted Diño's withdrawal, he additionally mentioned that they won't move with any further action with regard to a possible substitution until they have Duterte's consent and unless it would be made official with a COC and a certificate of nomination and acceptance from PDP-Laban.<ref name="GMA-Comelec">{{cite news|last1=Dioquino|first1=Rose-An Jessica|title=Comelec won’t move on Diño’s withdrawal unless Duterte agrees to be his substitute|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/543032/news/nation/comelec-won-t-move-on-dino-s-withdrawal-unless-duterte-agrees-to-be-his-substitute|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=GMA News Online|date=November 3, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093841/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/543032/news/nation/comelec-won-t-move-on-dino-s-withdrawal-unless-duterte-agrees-to-be-his-substitute|archivedate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> Duterte himself then further clarified that his decision of acceptance for the substitution offer would be on the deadline itself come December 10.<ref>{{cite web|title=Will 'tanim-bala' push Duterte to run?|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/2015/11/03/will-tanim-bala-push-duterte-run-439467|website=sunstar.com.ph|accessdate=November 3, 2015}}</ref> | |||
] | |||
On November 21 in a private gathering with fraternity brothers from ], Duterte formally announced his presidential bid and also finally accepted ]'s offer to be his running mate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Duterte makes a stand|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/duterte-makes-a-stand/#LubMmVQSGTGM834v.99|website=Manila Bulletin|accessdate=November 22, 2015}}</ref> Duterte said he is disappointed over the decision made by the Senate Electoral Tribunal (SET) regarding ]'s citizenship as well as the current administration's handling of the 'laglag-bala' issue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.kickerdaily.com/duterte-open-to-running-disappointed-over-poe-decision-and-laglag-bala/|title=Duterte now open to running, says he is disappointed over Poe decision and 'laglag-bala'|work=Kicker Daily News}}</ref> Duterte further stated that he will file his candidacy immediately after he reached out to his party.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cane |first=Primy |date=November 22, 2015 |title=Duterte decides to run for president |url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/regions/11/21/15/duterte-decides-to-run-for-president |publisher=] |website=news.abs-cbn.com |access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref> | |||
During his campaign, Duterte gained distinction for his emphatic anti-crime message and push to reduce "]'s" dominance.<ref name="Cook-Salazar-2016">{{cite journal |last1=Cook |first1=Malcolm |last2=Salazar |first2=Lorraine |title=The Differences Duterte Relied Upon to Win |journal=ISEAS Perspective |date=June 22, 2016 |issue=34 |url=https://www.iseas.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/ISEAS_Perspective_2016_34.pdf |access-date=October 30, 2024 |publisher=] |location=Singapore |issn=2335-6677}}</ref>{{rp|page=5}} At the same time, he made controversial remarks, including promising to kill tens of thousands of criminals and eradicate crime in six months.<ref name="TheGuardian-DeclaresVictory">{{Cite news |title=Philippines election: Duterte declares victory and promises change |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/10/rodrigo-duterte-declares-victory-in-philippines-election-vows-to-rewrite-constitution |access-date=November 6, 2016}}</ref><ref name="ABC6" /> He also said his presidency would be "a bloody one", and that he would pardon himself, the police, and soldiers accused of human rights abuses at the end of his six-year term.<ref name="ABC6">{{Cite news |title=Philippine presidential frontrunner Rodrigo Duterte vows to pardon himself for murder |work=Australian Broadcasting Company |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-28/philippine-candidate-rodrigo-duterte-vows-murder-pardon/7365436 |access-date=November 6, 2016}}</ref> Duterte also apologized after saying out of anger when recalling the events<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rodrigo Duterte: Philippines presidential candidate hits back as rape remark sparks fury |work=ABC News |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-18/rodrigo-duterte-hits-back-back-as-rape-remark-sparks-fury/7333532}}</ref> that he "should have been first" to rape Jacqueline Hamill, an Australian missionary who was ]d and killed during the ].<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 19, 2016 |title=The dark, cruel joke about rape that derailed a presidential campaign |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/philippine-presidential-candidate-rodrigo-duterte-gang-rape-comments-a6990911.html |access-date=November 5, 2016}}</ref> After the United States' and Australia's ambassadors to the Philippines criticized him for the rape comments, Duterte threatened to sever diplomatic ties with the countries if elected.<ref name="ABC6" /> | |||
On November 27, 2015, Duterte filed his certificate of candidacy for president through his representative Atty. Salvador Medialdea in Metro Manila shortly after withdrawing his COC for Davao City mayoralty re-election. The document was filed along with a certificate of nomination and acceptance from ] signed by Duterte and the party's vice president, Engr. Salvador Ty. In withdrawing his COC for Davao City mayor, Duterte named his daughter, Sara, as his substitute. Sara formally submitted the document for substitution at Comelec Davao and both COCs were received.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Rose-An Jessica |date=November 27, 2015 |title=Duterte files COC for president |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/545982/news/nation/duterte-files-coc-for-president |publisher=] |location= |access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref> | |||
===Constitutional reform=== | |||
The validity of Duterte's substitution was further assessed by Comelec and on December 7, Comelec rejected a petition to designate Martin Diño as a nuisance candidate<ref name="InquirerNet-Comelec">{{cite news|last1=See|first1=Aie Balagtas|title=Comelec junks petition to tag Martin Diño as ‘nuisance’ candidate|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/745368/comelec-junks-petition-to-tag-martin-dino-as-nuisance-candidate|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=December 7, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528234231/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/745368/comelec-junks-petition-to-tag-martin-dino-as-nuisance-candidate|archivedate=May 28, 2016}}</ref> and while the Comelec legal department has assured Duterte that the first COC he filed through a representative was valid, he personally filed his COC at the Comelec national office in ], Manila on December 8 to formalize his bid for the presidency in the 2016 elections. An estimated 500 people showed up, including students from Duterte's alma mater ], to express their support.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hegina |first=Aries Joseph |date=December 8, 2015 |title=It's official: Duterte seals presidential bid, personally files COC |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/745539/its-official-duterte-seals-presidential-bid-personally-files-coc |newspaper=] |access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref><ref name="CNNPhilippines-Supporters">{{cite news|title=Duterte's supporters camp out in front of Comelec|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2015/12/08/Dutertes-supporters-camp-out-in-front-of-Comelec.html|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=CNN Philippines|publisher=CNN Philippines Staff|date=December 8, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192714/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2015/12/08/Dutertes-supporters-camp-out-in-front-of-Comelec.html|archivedate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> | |||
{{Main|Federalism and Rodrigo Duterte}} | |||
Duterte campaigned for ] and a shift to a federal government during the 2016 presidential election.<ref name="TheGuardian-DeclaresVictory" /> In an October 2014 forum organized by ''Federal Movement for a Better Philippines'' in ] prior to joining the presidential race, the then-mayor of Davao City called for the creation of two federal states for ] as a solution to the problems besetting ].<ref name="inq">{{Cite news |author=Lacorte, G. |date=October 10, 2014 |title=Argument for federalism: Manila steals funds |newspaper=] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/643859/argument-for-federalism-manila-steals-funds |access-date=May 17, 2017}}</ref> Mayor Duterte said that ] and his ] do not see eye-to-eye with the ] which the administration of President ] had inked a peace deal with. He also said that the "template of the ] is federal", but what is granted to the Bangsamoro should also be granted to other Moro groups and other regions in the country.<ref name="chacha">{{Cite news |author=Lacorte, G. |date=May 17, 2015 |title=Duterte: Change in form of gov't possible only through 'Con-Con' |newspaper=] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/691847/duterte-change-in-form-of-govt-possible-only-through-con-con |access-date=May 17, 2017}}</ref> In a dialogue with the ] prior to the elections, Duterte said he is open to "toning down the Constitution" to accommodate more foreign investors to the Philippines.<ref name="mb">{{Cite news |agency=] |date=April 28, 2016 |title=Duterte open to 'toning down' Constitution to accommodate foreign investors |work=] |url=http://2016.mb.com.ph/2016/04/28/duterte-open-to-toning-down-constitution-to-accommodate-foreign-investors/comment-page-16/ |url-status=dead |access-date=May 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010133028/http://2016.mb.com.ph/2016/04/28/duterte-open-to-toning-down-constitution-to-accommodate-foreign-investors/comment-page-16/ |archive-date=October 10, 2017}}</ref> He also said he is open to up to 70 percent foreign ownership of businesses in the country and foreign lease of lands up to 60 years, but will "leave it to Congress to decide".<ref name="mb" /> | |||
On December 17, Comelec officially recognized Duterte's substitution of Martin Diño as PDP-Laban's presidential candidate for the May 2016 elections. Comelec Chairman Andres D. Bautista said in a press conference on the same day: "This means he (Duterte) is now in our list of candidates. So that was an administrative decision that the Comelec en banc made." | |||
The poll body voted 6–1 in favor of recognizing Duterte's candidacy. Comelec Senior Commissioner Christian Robert Lim pointed out that Comelec has two functions — administrative and quasi-judicial. The decision on Duterte's candidacy, he said, is administrative.<ref name="Politiko">{{cite news|title=Comelec recognizes Duterte as PDP-Laban bet|url=http://politics.com.ph/comelec-recognizes-duterte-as-pdp-laban-bet/|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=Politiko|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032417/http://politics.com.ph/comelec-recognizes-duterte-as-pdp-laban-bet/|archivedate=March 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name="CNNPhilippines-COC">{{cite news|title=Comelec accepts Rodrigo Duterte's COC for president|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2015/12/17/rodrigo-duterte-for-president-comelec-accepts-coc-martin-dino-subsitute-elections-2016.html|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=CNN Philippines|publisher=CNN Philippines Staff|date=December 17, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115844/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2015/12/17/rodrigo-duterte-for-president-comelec-accepts-coc-martin-dino-subsitute-elections-2016.html|archivedate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> | |||
<!--Any follow-up information should be added in the article: Rodrigo Duterte presidential campaign, 2016--> | |||
===Election to the presidency=== | |||
==Presidency== | |||
On May 30, 2016, the ] proclaimed Duterte as the ] after he topped the ] by the ] for the ] with 16,601,997 votes, 6.6 million more than his closest rival, ].<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 27, 2016 |title=Official count: Duterte is new president, Robredo is vice president |work=] |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/05/27/official-count-duterte-president-robredo-vp.html |access-date=May 28, 2016 |archive-date=December 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225131751/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/05/27/official-count-duterte-president-robredo-vp.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=May 28, 2016 |title=Lawmakers set Monday proclamation for Duterte, Robredo |work=] |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/05/28/Duterte-Robredo-proclamation-set-on-Monday.html |access-date=May 28, 2016 |archive-date=May 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530193202/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/05/28/Duterte-Robredo-proclamation-set-on-Monday.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=May 30, 2016 |title=Duterte, Robredo proclaimed new President, VP; Rody a no-show |newspaper=] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/788148/congress-proclaims-duterte-robredo-as-new-president-vp-rody-a-no-show |access-date=June 24, 2016}}</ref> ] representative ] on the other hand, was proclaimed as the ] with 14,418,817 votes, narrowly defeating Senator ] by 263,473 votes.<ref name="Inquirer 1">{{Cite news |last=Cayabyab |first=Marc Jayson |title=Leni Robredo is vice president |newspaper=] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/787873/leni-robredo-is-vice-president |access-date=May 27, 2016}}</ref> | |||
{{main article|Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte}} | |||
Duterte's election victory was attributed to growing public dissatisfaction on the perceived failures of administrations that followed the ].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Untalan |first1=Carmina Yu |editor1-last=Torri |editor1-first=Michelguglielmo |editor2-last=Mocci |editor2-first=Nicola |title=The Philippines 2016: Democracy in dispute? |journal=Asia Maior |date=March 1, 2017 |volume=XXVII |pages=143–152 |url=https://www.asiamaior.org/the-journal/09-asia-maior-vol-xxvii-2016/the-philippines-2016.html |access-date=October 30, 2024 |publisher=Associazione Asia Maior & CSPE - Centro Studi per i Popoli extra-europei “Cesare Bonacossa” - ] |doi=10.52056/9788867288861/06 |issn=2385-2526|doi-access=free }}</ref> It was also aided by a strong social media and grassroots fanbase<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sinpeng |first1=Aim |last2=Gueorguiev |first2=Dimitar |last3=Arugay |first3=Aries A. |title=Strong Fans, Weak Campaigns: Social Media and Duterte in the 2016 Philippine Election |journal=Journal of East Asian Studies |date=November 2020 |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=353–374 |doi=10.1017/jea.2020.11 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-east-asian-studies/article/abs/strong-fans-weak-campaigns-social-media-and-duterte-in-the-2016-philippine-election/35F8393A2160E31A33D63B667FF42A73 |access-date=October 30, 2024}}</ref><ref name="Cook-Salazar-2016" />{{rp|pages=8–10}} and the endorsement of the influential ], known for its ].<ref>{{cite news |title=INC endorses Duterte, Marcos |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/halalan2016/nation/05/05/16/inc-endorses-duterte-marcos |access-date=October 30, 2024 |work=] |date=May 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230409215243/https://news.abs-cbn.com/halalan2016/nation/05/05/16/inc-endorses-duterte-marcos |archive-date=April 9, 2023}}</ref> | |||
==Presidency (2016–2022)== | |||
{{main|Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte}} | |||
{{see also|Presidential transition of Rodrigo Duterte|Inauguration of Rodrigo Duterte}} | {{see also|Presidential transition of Rodrigo Duterte|Inauguration of Rodrigo Duterte}} | ||
{{Infobox President styles | {{Infobox President styles | ||
| name = Rodrigo |
| name = Rodrigo Duterte<ref name="CNNPhilippines-HisExcellency">{{Cite news |date=July 22, 2016 |title=Malacañang: Drop 'His Excellency' in addressing Duterte |work=] |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/22/no-honorifics-for-president-rodrigo-duterte.html |access-date=September 14, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817234257/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/22/no-honorifics-for-president-rodrigo-duterte.html |archive-date=August 17, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Inquirer-HisExcellency">{{Cite news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=July 21, 2016 |title=Drop 'His Excellency,' it's just President Duterte |newspaper=] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/797771/drop-his-excellency-its-just-president-duterte |access-date=September 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721051746/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/797771/drop-his-excellency-its-just-president-duterte |archive-date=July 21, 2016}}</ref> | ||
| image = ] | | image = ] | ||
| dipstyle = President Duterte<ref name="Inquirer-HisExcellency" /> | | dipstyle = President Duterte, ] (rarely used){{efn|name=his-excellency|Duterte himself does not use the style of Excellency President<ref name="CNNPhilippines-HisExcellency" />}}<ref name="Inquirer-HisExcellency" /> | ||
| offstyle = Your |
| offstyle = Your Excellency (rarely used){{efn|name=his-excellency}} | ||
| altstyle = Mr. President, President Mayor<ref>{{ |
| altstyle = Mr. President, President, Mayor<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 16, 2016 |title=Duterte tells public: Call me 'mayor' |url=http://www.manilatimes.net/duterte-tells-public-call-me-mayor/262395/ |access-date=November 16, 2016 |work=]}}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
Duterte was inaugurated as the ] ] on June 30, 2016, succeeding ]. At age 71, Duterte became the oldest person elected to the presidency, the first local chief executive to get elected straight to the Office of the President, the second ] president (after ]), and the first ] president from ].<ref name="rodylenibynumbers2">{{Cite web |title=Presidency and Vice Presidency by the Numbers: Rodrigo Roa Duterte and Leni Robredo |url=http://malacanang.gov.ph/77212-presidency-and-vice-presidency-by-the-numbers-duterte-robredo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808190247/http://malacanang.gov.ph/77212-presidency-and-vice-presidency-by-the-numbers-duterte-robredo/ |archive-date=August 8, 2016 |access-date=July 25, 2016 |publisher=Presidential Museum and Library}}</ref> | |||
On May 30, 2016, the ] proclaimed Duterte as the ] after he topped the ] by the ] for the ] with 16,601,997 votes, 6.6 million more than his closest rival, ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/05/27/official-count-duterte-president-robredo-vp.html |title=Official count: Duterte is new president, Robredo is vice president |work=] |date=May 27, 2016 |access-date=May 28, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/05/28/Duterte-Robredo-proclamation-set-on-Monday.html |title=Lawmakers set Monday proclamation for Duterte, Robredo |work=] |date=May 28, 2016 |access-date=May 28, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/788148/congress-proclaims-duterte-robredo-as-new-president-vp-rody-a-no-show |title=Duterte, Robredo proclaimed new President, VP; Rody a no-show |work=] |date=May 30, 2016 |access-date=June 24, 2016}}</ref> | |||
===Early actions=== | |||
{{Further|First 100 days of Rodrigo Duterte's presidency}} | |||
] at ] on inauguration day, June 30, 2016]] | |||
Shortly after his inauguration, Duterte held his first Cabinet meeting to lay out their first agenda, which included the country's ] management, decongesting ] in Manila; he also expressed his ideas and concerns regarding the ] prior to the announcement of the verdict of the ] over the issue,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gita |first=Ruth Abbey |date=June 30, 2016 |title=Duterte holds first Cabinet meeting |work=] |url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/local-news/2016/06/30/duterte-holds-first-cabinet-meeting-482533 |access-date=July 1, 2016 |archive-date=July 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701134338/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/local-news/2016/06/30/duterte-holds-first-cabinet-meeting-482533 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which the Philippines later won.<ref name="nyt4">{{Cite news |last=Perlez |first=Jane |date=July 12, 2016 |title=Tribunal Rejects Beijing's Claims in South China Sea |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/13/world/asia/south-china-sea-hague-ruling-philippines.html |access-date=July 13, 2016}}</ref> On July 4, he issued his first ], allowing his ] to supervise over several agencies that focus on ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Andolong |first=Ina |date=July 4, 2016 |title=President Duterte issues his first Executive Order |work=] |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/04/rodrigo-duterte-first-executive-order.html |access-date=July 4, 2016 |archive-date=July 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707011120/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/04/rodrigo-duterte-first-executive-order.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He called for the reimposition of ] in the country to execute criminals involved in "heinous" crimes, such as ], insisting on ].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Romero |first1=Alexis |last2=Macairan |first2=Evelyn |last3=Mendez |first3=Christina |date=June 25, 2016 |title=Duterte insists on death penalty by hanging |work=] |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/06/25/1596516/duterte-insists-death-penalty-hanging |access-date=July 9, 2016}}</ref> | |||
At the age of 71, Duterte became the oldest person ever elected to the presidency, after former President ]. Duterte is also the first local chief executive to get elected straight to the Office of the President, the second ] to become president (after Osmeña), the third ]-speaking president (after Osmeña and ]), the first ] from ] and the fourth Visayan overall (after Osmeña, ] and Garcia).<ref name=rodylenibynumbers>{{cite web|title=Presidency and Vice Presidency by the Numbers: Rodrigo Roa Duterte and Leni Robredo | work= Presidential Museum and Library |url=http://malacanang.gov.ph/77212-presidency-and-vice-presidency-by-the-numbers-duterte-robredo/}}</ref> | |||
During his first 100 days in office, Duterte issued an ],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Alimario |first=Anjo |date=July 25, 2016 |title=President Duterte finally signs FOI |work=] |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/24/duterte-signs-inks-freedom-of-information-foi.html |access-date=July 29, 2016 |archive-date=July 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728024154/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/24/duterte-signs-inks-freedom-of-information-foi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> launched an intensified ], sought to resume peace talks with ], formulated a comprehensive tax reform plan, led efforts to pass the ], made efforts to streamline government transactions, launched the nationwide ] rescue and ] complaint hotlines, established a one-stop service center for ], and increased in the combat and incentive pay of soldiers and police personnel.<ref name="ManilaTimes-First100Days">{{Cite news |last=Valente |first=Catherine S. |date=October 8, 2016 |title=First 100 days yield significant accomplishments |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2016/10/08/news/top-stories/first-100-days-yield-significant-accomplishments/290072/ |access-date=May 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205121827/https://www.manilatimes.net/2016/10/08/news/top-stories/first-100-days-yield-significant-accomplishments/290072/ |archive-date=December 5, 2019}}</ref> | |||
] as the 16th President of the Philippines at ] while his children look on, June 30, 2016.]] | |||
Duterte's presidency began following ] on June 30, 2016 at the ] of the ] in Manila, which was attended by more than 627 guests.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/137307-rodrigo-duterte-inauguration-guests-preparations|title=Duterte inauguration guest list now has 627 names|publisher=]|last=Rañada|first=Pia|date=June 22, 2016|accessdate=June 30, 2016}}</ref> Shortly after his inauguration, Duterte held his first Cabinet meeting to lay out their first agenda, which included the country's ] management, decongesting the ] in Manila, the country's main gateway, and expressed his ideas and concerns regarding the ] prior to the announcement of the verdict of the ] over the issue,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gita|first1=Ruth Abbey|title=Duterte holds first Cabinet meeting|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/local-news/2016/06/30/duterte-holds-first-cabinet-meeting-482533|accessdate=July 1, 2016|work=]|date=June 30, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The 1st Duterte Cabinet meeting|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/138194-1st-duterte-cabinet-meeting|accessdate=July 1, 2016|work=]|date=June 30, 2016}}</ref> which the Philippines later won.<ref name="nyt">{{cite news|last1=Perlez|first1=Jane|title=Tribunal Rejects Beijing's Claims in South China Sea|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/13/world/asia/south-china-sea-hague-ruling-philippines.html?_r=0|accessdate=July 13, 2016|work=]|date=July 12, 2016}}</ref> Four days later, on July 4, Duterte issued his first ] entitled "Reengineering the Office of the President Towards Greater Responsiveness to the Attainment of Development Goals", allowing his ], ], to supervise over several agencies that focus on ].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Andolong|first1=Ina|title=President Duterte issues his first Executive Order|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/04/rodrigo-duterte-first-executive-order.html|accessdate=July 4, 2016|work=]|date=July 4, 2016}}</ref> On July 23, Duterte signed Executive Order No. 2 also known as the ].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Alimario|first1=Anjo|title=President Duterte finally signs FOI|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/24/duterte-signs-inks-freedom-of-information-foi.html|accessdate=July 29, 2016|work=]|date=July 25, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Duterte made moves to limit ] in the country, and has reached out to China and Russia to improve relations. He launched tirades against international critics, particularly, United States President ], the US government, the ], and the ], which expressed condemnation to his unprecedented war on drugs that led to the deaths of about 3,300 people, half of which were killed by unknown assailants, and the arrest of 22,000 drug suspects and surrender of about 731,000 people.<ref name="ManilaTimes-First100Days" /><ref name="Inquirer-1st100Days">{{Cite news |date=October 8, 2016 |title=A look at the 1st 100 days of Duterte's phenomenal rule |language=en |newspaper=] |agency=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/823155/a-look-at-the-1st-100-days-of-dutertes-phenomenal-rule |access-date=May 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210230705/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/823155/a-look-at-the-1st-100-days-of-dutertes-phenomenal-rule |archive-date=December 10, 2016}}</ref> | |||
], September 8, 2016]] | |||
On August 1, 2016, Duterte launched a 24-hour complaint office accessible to the public through a nationwide complaint hotline, 8888, while also changing the country's ] from ] to ].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Corrales|first1=Nestor|title=Duterte administration to launch 24-hour hotline in August|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/794875/duterte-administration-to-launch-24-hour-hotline-on-august|accessdate=July 9, 2016|work=]|date=July 7, 2016}}</ref> | |||
] as the 16th president of the Philippines on June 30, 2016.]] | |||
On August 7, Duterte approved the ] of former President ] at the ] in ] scheduled for October 18,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Alimario|first1=Anjo|title=No hero's burial for Marcos just yet: SC extends status quo order to October 18|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/09/07/No-heros-burial-for-Marcos-just-yet-SC-extends-status-quo-order.html|accessdate=September 25, 2016|work=]|date=September 7, 2016}}</ref> saying that Marcos is qualified for the burial at the cemetery due to him being a "former president and a soldier". The decision was vehemently opposed, due to "the brutal, oppressive and corrupt nature of Marcos’s two-decade regime."<ref name=m>{{cite news|title=Duterte move to give Marcos hero’s burial divides the Philippines|url=https://www.ft.com/content/5d84125a-5d1c-11e6-bb77-a121aa8abd95|accessdate=October 9, 2016|work=Financial Times|date=August 8, 2016}}</ref> An online petition which received over 30,000 signatures stated:{{quote|Burying Ferdinand E Marcos alongside our nation's heroes who fought for our freedom is an affront to the thousands of lives tortured and murdered during his reign. Laying him to rest at the Heroes' Cemetery is a disdainful act that will send a message to the future of our nation — our children — that the world we live in rewards forceful and violent hands.<ref name=m/>}} | |||
Following the ] that killed 14 people in the city's central business district, on September 3 Duterte declared a "state of lawlessness", and on the following day |
Following the ] that killed 14 people in the city's central business district, on September 3 Duterte declared a "state of lawlessness", and on the following day issued ] to officially declare a "] on account of lawless violence in Mindanao".<ref name="time">{{Cite magazine |author=Solomon, F. |date=September 6, 2016 |title=Rodrigo Duterte declares a state of emergency in the Philippines |magazine=] |url=https://time.com/4479616/rodrigo-duterte-philippines-obama-davao-blast/ |access-date=September 6, 2016}}</ref><ref name="philstar">{{Cite news |author=Viray, P.L. |date=September 6, 2016 |title=Palace issues proclamation of state of national emergency |work=] |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/09/06/1621023/palace-issues-proclamation-state-national-emergency |access-date=September 6, 2016}}</ref> On December 7, Duterte signed ] creating a consultative committee to review the 1987 ].<ref name="gma2">{{Cite news |author=Macas, T. |date=December 9, 2016 |title=Duterte signs EO creating committee to review 1987 Constitution |work=] |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/591878/duterte-signs-eo-creating-committee-to-review-1987-constitution/story/ |access-date=May 17, 2017}}</ref> | ||
Duterte adjusted to working and residing at the ] by dividing his workweek between Manila and Davao City, spending three days in each city and utilizing the ] while in Davao.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hegina |first=Aries Joseph |date=July 2, 2016 |title=Duterte to split workweek between Manila, Davao |newspaper=] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/793908/duterte-to-split-workweek-between-manila-davao |access-date=July 9, 2016}}</ref> | |||
A ] survey conducted from July 2–8 showed that Duterte had a trust rating of 91%, the highest of the six presidents since the ] dictatorship.<ref name="dip2">{{Cite news |date=October 7, 2016 |title=The Truth About Duterte's 'Popularity' in the Philippines |work=The Diplomat |url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/10/the-truth-about-dutertes-popularity-in-the-philippines/ |access-date=December 2, 2016}}</ref> In December 2016, Duterte was ranked 70th on '']'' ].<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 14, 2016 |title=The World's Most Powerful People 2016 |work=] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidewalt/2016/12/14/the-worlds-most-powerful-people-2016/#471408e7368d |access-date=December 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 14, 2016 |title=Rodrigo Duterte |work=] |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/rodrigo-duterte/?list=powerful-people |access-date=December 15, 2016}}</ref> | |||
{{clear}} | |||
===Domestic policy=== | ===Domestic policy=== | ||
==== |
====Economic policy==== | ||
{{Further|DuterteNomics}} | |||
{{main article|Philippine Drug War}} | |||
Duterte's socioeconomic policies, referred to as ''DuterteNomics'', include tax reform, infrastructure development, social protection programs, and other policies to promote economic growth and human development in the country.<ref name="timeline">{{Cite news |date=May 29, 2017 |title=TIMELINE for Duterte's economic agenda |work=] |url=http://www.manilatimes.net/timeline-dutertes-economic-agenda/329785/ |access-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.build.gov.ph/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622171117/http://www.build.gov.ph/ |archive-date=June 22, 2017 |access-date=June 28, 2017 |website=Build!}}</ref> ] ] has said that the government required what he describes as an "audacious" economic strategy in order for the Philippines to "catch up with its more vibrant neighbors" by 2022 and help it achieve ] status within a generation. The term ''DuterteNomics'' was coined to describe the economic policy of the Duterte administration. | |||
In the first three months of Duterte's term in office, according to police figures, over 3,000 killings were attributed to his nationwide anti-drug campaign. More than half were attributed to vigilantes. At the beginning of October, a senior police officer told '']'' that 10 "special ops" official police death squads had been operating, and that he had personally been involved in killing 87 suspects. He described how the corpses were dumped at the roadside ("salvage" victims), or had their heads wrapped in masking tape with a cardboard placard labelling them as a drug offender, so that the killing would not be investigated. The chairman of the ], ], was quoted in the report: "I am not surprised, I have heard of this." The ] declined to comment. The report stated: "although ''the Guardian'' can verify the policeman's rank and his service history, there is no independent, official confirmation for the allegations of state complicity and police coordination in mass murder."<ref>{{cite news|title=Philippines secret death squads: officer claims police teams behind wave of killings|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/04/philippines-secret-death-squads-police-officer-teams-behind-killings|accessdate=October 6, 2016|work=The Guardian}}</ref> | |||
Duterte has said that the drug war is necessary because the Philippines was becoming a "]". In October 2016, ] stated there is "little evidence" of this; according to the ], the prevalence of drug use in the country is lower than the global average.<ref>{{cite web|title=Philippines: Duterte’s 100 days of carnage|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/10/philippines-dutertes-hundred-days-of-carnage/|publisher=Amnesty International|accessdate=October 8, 2016}}</ref> | |||
During his presidential campaign and transition, Duterte called for the reimposition of ] in the country to execute criminals involved in "heinous" crimes, such as ], insisting on ].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Romero|first1=Alexis|last2=Macairan|first2=Evelyn|last3=Mendez|first3=Christina|title=Duterte insists on death penalty by hanging|url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/06/25/1596516/duterte-insists-death-penalty-hanging|accessdate=July 9, 2016|work=]|date=June 25, 2016}}</ref> Capital punishment in the Philippines was abolished by President ] on June 24, 2006. After his inauguration, Duterte spoke to journalists in ], where he urged Filipino citizens to voluntarily kill drug pushers and addicts.<ref>{{cite news|title='Go ahead and kill drug addicts': Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte issues fresh call for vigilante violence|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/1984193/go-ahead-and-kill-drug-addicts-philippine-president-rodrigo|accessdate=July 9, 2016|agency=]|via='']''|date=July 2, 2016}}</ref> A day after his inauguration, Duterte requested for the ], the armed wing of the ], to "disarm and arrest" drug lords.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Legaspi|first1=Amita|title=Communists answer Duterte's call to join fight vs. drugs|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/572319/news/nation/communists-answer-duterte-s-call-to-join-fight-vs-drugs|accessdate=July 9, 2016|work=]|date=July 4, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Duterte initiated liberal economic reforms to attract foreign investors.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Calonzo |first1=Andreo |last2=Lopez |first2=Ditas B. |date=July 25, 2021 |title=Duterte Pushes to Open Philippines to More Foreign Investors |work=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-07-25/duterte-set-to-push-congress-on-virus-recovery-successor |access-date=March 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726011148/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-07-25/duterte-set-to-push-congress-on-virus-recovery-successor |archive-date=July 26, 2021}}</ref> In March 2022, he signed Republic Act No. 11647 which amended the Foreign Investment Act of 1991, effectively relaxing restrictions on foreign investments by allowing foreigners to invest in a local enterprise up to 100% of its capital.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cervantes |first=Filane Mikee |date=March 4, 2022 |title=PRRD signs law amending Foreign Investments Act |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1169060 |access-date=March 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305005159/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1169060 |archive-date=March 5, 2022}}</ref> He signed Republic Act No. 11659, amending the 85-year-old Public Service Act, allowing full foreign ownership of public services, which include airports, expressways, railways, telecommunications, and shipping industries, in the country.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=March 21, 2022 |title=Duterte signs law amending Public Service Act |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1170293 |access-date=March 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321122911/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1170293 |archive-date=March 21, 2022}}</ref> | |||
] | |||
That same day, police chief ] warned police officers and personnel involved in illegal drug trade with the option to voluntarily surrender within 48 hours or "take an absence without official leave, continue being a drug lord, and declare war against the police."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cudis|first1=Christine|title='Bato' warns scalawags: Your days are numbered|url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/07/02/1598805/bato-warns-scalawags-your-days-are-numbered|accessdate=July 10, 2016|work=]|date=July 2, 2016}}</ref> On July 5, 2016, Duterte revealed the names of five police officials who were allegedly involved in illegal drug trade.<ref>{{cite news|title=Duterte links 5 top cops to drug trade|url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/05/16/duterte-links-5-top-cops-to-drug-trade|accessdate=July 10, 2016|work=]|date=July 5, 2016}}</ref> On July 7, during a press conference, Duterte presented a chart identifying three Chinese nationals who serve as ]s in the Philippines.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Corrales|first1=Nestor|title=Duterte accuses Garbo of coddling 3 big-time drug lords|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/794904/duterte-accuses-garbo-of-coddling-drug-lords-traffickers|accessdate=July 10, 2016|work=]|date=July 7, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Duterte names country's topmost drug lords|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/08/Duterte-names-topmost-drug-lords.html|accessdate=July 10, 2016|work=]|date=July 8, 2016}}</ref> Chief dela Rosa added that there are 23 mayors on Duterte's list of officials involved in illegal drug trade.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cahiles|first1=Gerg|title=PNP Chief: 23 mayors on Duterte's list of officials linked to illegal drugs|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/08/23-mayors-duterte-list-illegal-drugs.html|accessdate=July 10, 2016|work=]|date=July 9, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Duterte reformed the country's tax system in an effort to make the country's tax system fairer, simpler, and more efficient.<ref name="TaxBits-2022">{{Cite journal |last=Felipe |first=Marvee Anne C. |date=2022 |title=Tax Laws Enacted During the Duterte Administration and the Role of STSRO in the Law-making Process |url=https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/publications/STSRO/62_Tax%20Bits_Final.pdf |journal=Taxbits |publisher=Senate Tax Study and Research Office (STSRO) |volume=XI |issue=62nd Issue (January – February 2022) |pages=1–2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320085147/https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/publications/STSRO/62_Tax%20Bits_Final.pdf |archive-date=March 20, 2022 |access-date=March 27, 2022}}</ref> In December 2017, he signed ] (TRAIN Law) which excludes those earning an annual taxable income of {{Philippine peso}}250,000 and below from paying the personal income tax, while raising higher ]es on vehicles, sugar-sweetened beverages, petroleum products, tobacco and other non-essential goods.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cigaral |first=Ian Nicolas |date=December 19, 2017 |title=Duterte signs 2018 national budget, tax reform bill |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/12/19/1769882/duterte-signs-2018-national-budget-tax-reform-bill |access-date=March 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171220091106/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/12/19/1769882/duterte-signs-2018-national-budget-tax-reform-bill |archive-date=December 20, 2017}}</ref> Revenues collected from the TRAIN law will help fund the administration's massive ].<ref name="ABSCBN-TaxReform">{{Cite news |date=December 19, 2017 |title=Duterte signs tax reform, 2018 budget into law |work=] |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/12/19/17/duterte-signs-tax-reform-2018-budget-into-law |access-date=December 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221011713/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/12/19/17/duterte-signs-tax-reform-2018-budget-into-law |archive-date=December 21, 2017}}</ref><ref name="ABS-CBN-TRAINLaw">{{Cite news |last=Gulla |first=Vivienne |date=March 5, 2019 |title=Duterte: TRAIN law keeps gov't running |work=] |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/03/05/19/duterte-train-law-keeps-govt-running |access-date=December 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313054447/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/03/05/19/duterte-train-law-keeps-govt-running |archive-date=March 13, 2019}}</ref> In March 2021, to attract more investments and maintain fiscal stability, Duterte signed the Corporate Recovery and Tax Incentives for Enterprises (CREATE) Act, reducing the 30 percent ] rate to 25 percent for firms with assets above {{Philippine peso|100 million|link=yes}} and to 20 percent for smaller firms.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=March 26, 2021 |title=Duterte signs CREATE bill into law |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1135049 |access-date=March 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622043637/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1135049 |archive-date=June 22, 2021}}</ref> Duterte raised ]es on tobacco and vapor products in July 2019, and alcohol beverages and ]s in January 2020, to fund the Universal Health Care Act and reduce incidence of deaths and diseases associated with smoking and alcohol consumption.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 25, 2019 |title=Duterte signs bill on higher tobacco sin taxes |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/7/25/higher-tobacco-sin-taxes-rodrigo-duterte.html |access-date=March 27, 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411183424/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/7/25/higher-tobacco-sin-taxes-rodrigo-duterte.html |archive-date=April 11, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=January 23, 2020 |title=Duterte signs law imposing higher taxes on alcohol, e-cigarettes |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1091709 |access-date=March 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124211257/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1091709 |archive-date=January 24, 2020}}</ref> | |||
The '']'' published a "kill list" documenting the ] of suspected criminals involved in drug trafficking by police.<ref>{{cite news|title=THE KILL LIST|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/794598/kill-list-drugs-duterte|accessdate=July 9, 2016|work=]|date=July 7, 2016}}</ref> Lawmakers responded with criticism to the rise of extrajudicial killings called by Duterte and demanded congressional inquiries and investigation on the incidents. ] Representative Teddy Baguilat urged the ] to investigate the "spate of extrajudicial killings and/or summary executions of suspected violators of laws on illegal drugs and other suspected criminals," defending Article III, Section 1 of the ] which states that "no person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cayabyab|first1=Marc Jayson|title=Look into extrajudicial killings under Duterte, Congress pressed|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/794846/look-into-extrajudicial-killings-under-duterte-congress-pressed|accessdate=July 9, 2016|work=]|date=July 7, 2016}}</ref> Senator and former ] ] urged Duterte's administration to cease the extrajudicial killings and said that she would file a resolution for the ] to conduct an investigation, expressing worry that it could cause disorderly violence in communities.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Torregoza|first1=Hannah|title=De Lima urges Duterte admin to stop tolerating extra-judicial killings|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/de-lima-urges-duterte-admin-to-stop-tolerating-extra-judicial-killings/|accessdate=July 9, 2016|work=]|date=July 7, 2016}}</ref> While praising Duterte's effort to eradicate illegal drug trade, the militant group ] also asked Duterte to investigate the increasing number of extrajudicial killings, expressing concern over the deaths of alleged drug dealers.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Legaspi|first1=Amita|title=Militant group Bayan asks Duterte to probe killing of drug suspects|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/572919/news/nation/militant-group-bayan-asks-duterte-to-probe-killing-of-drug-suspects|accessdate=July 9, 2016|work=]|date=July 8, 2016}}</ref> The Duterte administration, through ] ], responded to the criticism by demanding critics to provide substantive evidence during investigation, which he says the administration is opened to cooperating with.<ref name=R>{{cite news|last1=Cepeda|first1=Mara|title=Palace to critics of war vs drugs: Show proof of violations|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/139146-palace-critics-war-drugs-proof-violations|accessdate=July 10, 2016|work=]|date=July 9, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Duterte's tax reform program has garnered both support and criticism. Critics have argued that the administration's tax policy would burden the poor.<ref>{{Cite news |title='TRAIN' advocates and supporters are insensitive to the cries of the poor |language=en-US |work=] |url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2017/12/10/train-advocates-and-supporters-are-insensitive-to-the-cries-of-the-poor/ |access-date=July 15, 2018 |archive-date=July 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722041245/https://news.mb.com.ph/2017/12/10/train-advocates-and-supporters-are-insensitive-to-the-cries-of-the-poor/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The implementation of the TRAIN Law triggered protests from various left-wing groups. On January 15, 2018, protesters gathered at various public market sites, calling for the revocation of TRAIN.<ref> (in Tagalog). ] – via ].</ref> However, proponents of the program cite its appeal to foreign investors and economic benefits as the main reasons behind tax reform. | |||
====Infrastructure development==== | |||
{{Main|Build! Build! Build!}} | |||
] of the ] sports complex, completed on October 12, 2019, 50 days before the opening of the ]<ref>{{Cite news |last=De La Cruz |first=Gabrielle |date=October 29, 2019 |title=Athletic Stadium 100% complete 50 days before the SEA Games |work=BluPrint |publisher=] |url=https://bluprint.onemega.com/athletic-stadium-100-before-sea-games/ |access-date=June 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109132357/https://bluprint.onemega.com/athletic-stadium-100-before-sea-games/ |archive-date=November 9, 2019}}</ref>]] | |||
To reduce poverty, encourage economic growth, and reduce congestion in ], the Duterte administration launched its comprehensive infrastructure program, ],<ref name="pcoo">{{Cite news |date=April 19, 2017 |title=DuterteNomics unveiled |publisher=] |url=http://pcoo.gov.ph/dutertenomics-unveiled/ |access-date=June 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420212221/http://pcoo.gov.ph/dutertenomics-unveiled/ |archive-date=April 20, 2017}}</ref> on April 18, 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 24, 2017 |title=Government's Build Build Build program embodied in PDP 2017-2022 – AmBisyon Natin 2040 |work=] |url=https://2040.neda.gov.ph/2017/04/24/governments-build-build-build-program-embodied-in-pdp-2017-2022/ |access-date=August 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709020906/https://2040.neda.gov.ph/2017/04/24/governments-build-build-build-program-embodied-in-pdp-2017-2022/ |archive-date=July 9, 2017 |quote=Build Build Build, the administration’s comprehensive infrastructure development program, was launched during the Dutertenomics Forum held last April 18 at The Conrad Hotel, Pasay City.}}</ref> The program, which forms part of ],<ref name="pcoo" /> aimed to usher in the country's "Golden Age of Infrastructure" by increasing the share of spending on public infrastructure in the country's ] (GDP) from 5.4 percent in 2017 to 7.4 percent in 2022.<ref name="BusinessMirror-BBB">{{Cite news |last=Marasigan |first=Lorenz S. |date=May 7, 2017 |title=BBB program gains headway |work=] |url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2017/05/07/bbb-program-gains-headway/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112044637/https://businessmirror.com.ph/2017/05/07/bbb-program-gains-headway/ |archive-date=November 12, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=de Vera |first1=Ben O. |last2=Yee |first2=Jovic |last3=Camus |first3=Miguel R. |date=April 19, 2017 |title=Dutertenomics: 'Golden age of infrastructure' |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/890225/dutertenomics-golden-age-of-infrastructure |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420184710/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/890225/dutertenomics-golden-age-of-infrastructure |archive-date=April 20, 2017}}</ref> The administration, in 2017, shifted its infrastructure funding policy from ]s (PPPs) of previous administrations to government revenues and ] (ODA), particularly from Japan and China,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Heydarian |first=Richard Javad |date=February 28, 2018 |title=Duterte's Ambitious 'Build, Build, Build' Project To Transform The Philippines Could Become His Legacy |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/outofasia/2018/02/28/dutertes-ambitious-build-build-build-project-to-transform-the-philippines-could-become-his-legacy/ |access-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310132636/https://www.forbes.com/sites/outofasia/2018/02/28/dutertes-ambitious-build-build-build-project-to-transform-the-philippines-could-become-his-legacy/ |archive-date=March 10, 2018}}</ref> but has since October 2019 engaged with the private sector for additional funding.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dumlao-Abadilla |first=Doris |date=April 18, 2020 |title=Fitch: PH faces wary private sector in infra policy shift |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://business.inquirer.net/295058/fitch-ph-faces-wary-private-sector-in-infra-policy-shift |access-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421135948/https://business.inquirer.net/295058/fitch-ph-faces-wary-private-sector-in-infra-policy-shift |archive-date=April 21, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rosales |first=Elijah Felice |date=September 18, 2021 |title=Government mulls shift in infrastructure funding tack |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2021/09/18/2127861/government-mulls-shift-infrastructure-funding-tack |access-date=May 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919063850/https://www.philstar.com/business/2021/09/18/2127861/government-mulls-shift-infrastructure-funding-tack |archive-date=September 19, 2021}}</ref> | |||
The administration revised its list of Infrastructure Flagship Projects (IFPs) under the Build, Build, Build program from 75 to 100 in November 2019,<ref name="ABS-CBN-List100">{{Cite news |last=de Guzman |first=Warren |date=November 14, 2019 |title=LIST: 100 projects under revised 'Build, Build, Build' |work=] |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/11/14/19/list-100-projects-under-revised-build-build-build |access-date=December 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114074307/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/11/14/19/list-100-projects-under-revised-build-build-build |archive-date=November 14, 2019}}</ref><ref name="ABS-CBN-List100PDF">{{Cite web |title=Recommended List of Projects for Inclusion in the Infrastructure Flagship Program |url=https://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2019/business/11/15/ifp-list-final.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203082837/https://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2019/business/11/15/ifp-list-final.pdf |archive-date=December 3, 2019 |access-date=December 3, 2019 |work=]}}</ref> then to 104, and finally, to 112 in 2020,<ref name="PhilStar-Inherit88Infra">{{Cite news |last=Royandoyan |first=Ramon |date=April 27, 2022 |title=Next president to inherit 88 infra projects on 'advanced stage' |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2022/04/27/2177178/next-president-inherit-88-infra-projects-advanced-stage |access-date=June 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427100412/https://www.philstar.com/business/2022/04/27/2177178/next-president-inherit-88-infra-projects-advanced-stage |archive-date=April 27, 2022}}</ref> expanding its scope to include health, information and communications technology, and water infrastructure projects to support the country's economic growth and recovery from the ]. Some major projects include<ref name="ABS-CBN-List100PDF" /> the Subic-Clark Railway,<ref name="Mawis-2018">{{Cite news |last=Mawis |first=Sara Mae D. |date=July 28, 2018 |title=Understanding the 'Build, Build, Build' program |newspaper=] |url=https://business.inquirer.net/254682/understanding-build-build-build-program#ixzz5Tqyaj8U1 |access-date=October 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727214200/https://business.inquirer.net/254682/understanding-build-build-build-program |archive-date=July 27, 2018}}</ref> the ] from ] to ],<ref name="Mawis-2018" /> the ],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Camus |first=Miguel R. |date=September 16, 2021 |title=DOTr: Metro Manila Subway now 26% complete |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1488502/dotr-subway-construction-stuck-at-1-operational-by-2027-yet |access-date=February 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915222142/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1488502/dotr-subway-construction-stuck-at-1-operational-by-2027-yet |archive-date=September 15, 2021}}</ref> the expansion of ]<ref name="Mawis-2018" /> the ] (Tagum-Davao-Digos Segment),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bagaforo |first=Nelson C. |date=June 26, 2017 |title=Mindanao railway project gets support |work=]|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/business/2017/06/26/mindanao-railway-project-gets-support-549693 |access-date=September 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628234446/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/business/2017/06/26/mindanao-railway-project-gets-support-549693 |archive-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref> and the ]<ref name="Lamentillo-2018">{{Cite news |last=Lamentillo |first=Anna Mae Yu |date=March 23, 2018 |title=What is 'Build, Build, Build'? |language=en-US |work=] |url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/03/23/what-is-build-build-build/ |access-date=May 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825075856/https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/03/23/what-is-build-build-build/ |archive-date=August 25, 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Summit Express-2018">{{Cite news |date=January 26, 2018 |title=WATCH: Luzon Spine Expressway Network is Duterte's P107-billion traffic decongestion plan |work=The Summit Express |url=https://www.thesummitexpress.com/2018/01/luzon-spine-expressway-duterte-traffic-decongestion-plan.html |access-date=August 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201031808/https://www.thesummitexpress.com/2018/01/luzon-spine-expressway-duterte-traffic-decongestion-plan.html |archive-date=February 1, 2018}}</ref> By April 2022, 12 IFPs have been completed by the administration, while 88 IFPs, which were on their "advanced stage", have been passed on to the succeeding administration for completion.<ref name="PhilStar-Inherit88Infra" /> | |||
From June 2016 to July 2021, a total of {{convert|29264|km}} of roads, 5,950 bridges, 11,340 flood control projects, 222 evacuation centers, and 150,149 elementary and secondary classrooms, and 653 COVID-19 facilities under the Build, Build, Build program had been completed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Patinio |first=Ferdinand |date=July 23, 2021 |title='Build, Build, Build': Paving the way to progress |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1147990 |access-date=February 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723163812/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1147990 |archive-date=July 23, 2021}}</ref><ref name="MB-Nov2019">{{Cite news |last=Lamentillo |first=Anna Mae Yu |date=July 21, 2021 |title=What has 'Build, Build, Build' achieved so far? |work=] |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/07/21/what-has-build-build-build-achieved-so-far/ |access-date=December 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721070041/https://mb.com.ph/2021/07/21/what-has-build-build-build-achieved-so-far/ |archive-date=July 21, 2021}}</ref> | |||
====War on Drugs==== | |||
{{Main article|Philippine Drug War}} | |||
] laboratory in ] on September 27, 2016.]] | |||
Duterte placed the ] at the forefront of his presidential campaign, warning the Philippines was at risk of becoming a ].<ref name="Inquirer-DigongDefends">{{Cite news |last=Alconaba |first=Nico |date=June 28, 2016 |title=Digong defends war on drugs, crime, graft |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/792773/digong-defends-war-on-drugs-crime-graft |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205143116/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/792773/digong-defends-war-on-drugs-crime-graft |archive-date=December 5, 2019}}</ref> Upon entering office, Duterte began a nationwide crackdown against illegal drugs. At the forefront of the campaign's operations was ''Oplan Tokhang'', which involved policemen knocking on the doors of suspected drug users and inviting them to surrender.<ref name="FilipinoTimes-PHNeedsMoreRahab">{{Cite news |date=July 9, 2016 |title=PH needs more rehab centers as drug users surrender in droves |work=The Filipino Times |url=https://filipinotimes.net/news/2016/07/09/ph-needs-more-rehab-centers-as-drug-users-surrender-in-droves/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622095928/https://filipinotimes.net/news/2016/07/09/ph-needs-more-rehab-centers-as-drug-users-surrender-in-droves/ |archive-date=June 22, 2022}}</ref> Among Duterte's early actions included naming | |||
three Chinese nationals as alleged ]s in the Philippines,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Andolong |first=Ina |date=July 8, 2016 |title=Duterte names country's topmost drug lords |work=] |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/08/Duterte-names-topmost-drug-lords.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708135831/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/08/Duterte-names-topmost-drug-lords.html |archive-date=July 8, 2016}}</ref> calling for assistance from the ] to join the crackdown,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Legaspi |first=Amita |date=July 4, 2016 |title=Communists answer Duterte's call to join fight vs. drugs |publisher=] |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/572319/news/nation/communists-answer-duterte-s-call-to-join-fight-vs-drugs |access-date=July 9, 2016}}</ref> and ] allegedly involved in the drug trade.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 7, 2016 |title=FULL TEXT: Duterte's speech linking government officials to illegal drugs |language=en, fil |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/08/07/1611020/full-text-dutertes-speech-linking-government-officials-illegal-drugs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808145212/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/08/07/1611020/full-text-dutertes-speech-linking-government-officials-illegal-drugs |archive-date=August 8, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Concerns arose worldwide due to the rising death toll during police operations,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Corben |first=Ron |date=August 23, 2016 |title=Philippine War on Drugs Triggers Widespread Criticism, Senate Investigation |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/philippine-war-on-drugs-triggers-criticism-senate-investigation/3476057.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160824144915/https://www.voanews.com/a/philippine-war-on-drugs-triggers-criticism-senate-investigation/3476057.html |archive-date=August 24, 2016}}</ref> and drug suspects reportedly fighting back ("{{lang|fil|nanlaban}}") was a common alibi of several policemen involved.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pacia |first1=Sara Isabelle |title=Story in numbers war on drugs |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/825678/story-in-numbers-war-on-drugs |access-date=August 2, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=October 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015191439/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/825678/story-in-numbers-war-on-drugs |archive-date=October 15, 2016 |language=en}}</ref> At the height of the drug crackdown in his early presidency, Duterte urged the policemen to kill drug addicts,<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 2, 2016 |title='Go ahead and kill drug addicts': Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte issues fresh call for vigilante violence |language=en |work=] |agency=] |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/1984193/go-ahead-and-kill-drug-addicts-philippine-president-rodrigo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704102748/https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/1984193/go-ahead-and-kill-drug-addicts-philippine-president-rodrigo |archive-date=July 4, 2016}}</ref> promising to pardon them for performing their duties;<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Mogato |first1=Manuel |last2=Marshall |first2=Andrew R.C. |date=August 24, 2016 |title=In a Powerpoint, Philippine police detail body count in drug war |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-idUSKCN10Z1FL |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825135658/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-idUSKCN10Z1FL |archive-date=August 25, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Mendez |first1=Christina |last2=Romero |first2=Paolo |last3=Macairan |first3=Evelyn |last4=Punay |first4=Edu |last5=Diaz |first5=Jess |date=July 19, 2016 |title=Duterte to pardon cops in drug killings |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/07/19/1604381/duterte-pardon-cops-drug-killings |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719145942/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/07/19/1604381/duterte-pardon-cops-drug-killings |archive-date=July 19, 2016}}</ref> Duterte's call prompted thousands to surrender,<ref name="FilipinoTimes-PHNeedsMoreRahab" /><ref name="Inquirer-1st100Days" /> and observers noted this assurance may have emboldened the police to allegedly execute suspects and plant evidence on them.<ref>{{cite news |title=Philippine leader tells police to kill only if necessary in war on drugs |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/philippine-leader-tells-police-to-kill-only-if-necessary-in-war-on-drugs-idUSKCN1B318L/ |access-date=August 2, 2024 |work=] |date=August 23, 2017}}</ref> In August 2016, opposition Senator ] launched a probe into ], focusing on cases that took place during Duterte's tenure as mayor of Davao City. De Lima presented as witness an alleged member of Davao City-based vigilante group ], ], who testified that Duterte was involved in extrajudicial killings in the city. Duterte dismissed the claims as a lie,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Regalado |first=Edith |date=September 20, 2016 |title=All lies, Duterte says of Matobato testimony |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/09/20/1625543/all-lies-duterte-says-matobato-testimony |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919215919/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/09/20/1625543/all-lies-duterte-says-matobato-testimony |archive-date=September 19, 2016}}</ref> and the Senate probe was terminated on October 13, 2016, for lack of evidence.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suarez |first=KD |date=October 13, 2016 |title=Senate ends probe: Neither Duterte nor state sponsored killings |work=] |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/149086-senate-ends-extrajudicial-killings-investigation-gordon-duterte/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014172649/https://www.rappler.com/nation/149086-senate-ends-extrajudicial-killings-investigation-gordon-duterte/ |archive-date=October 14, 2016}}</ref> Shortly after, Duterte implicated De Lima in the illegal drug trade during her tenure as Justice Secretary under the Aquino III administration. Though De Lima denied the claims, she was later imprisoned in February 2017 due to the ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bernal |first=Buena |date=February 23, 2017 |title=Philippines: Duterte critic De Lima arrested on drug-related charges |work=] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/23/asia/philippines-duterte-critic-de-lima-arrested/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817170149/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/23/asia/philippines-duterte-critic-de-lima-arrested/index.html |archive-date=August 17, 2017}}</ref> Two months later, Matobato's lawyer, Jude Josue Sabio, filed charges for ] with the ] against Duterte and 11 other officials.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Romero |first=Paolo |date=April 25, 2017 |title=Matobato lawyer files case vs Rody before ICC |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/04/25/1688540/matobato-lawyer-files-case-vs-rody-icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917222547/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/04/25/1688540/matobato-lawyer-files-case-vs-rody-icc |archive-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> | |||
Responding to public clamor, in October 2017, Duterte designated the ] to lead anti-drug operations and temporarily barred the police from joining the raids.<ref name="PhilStar-PDEASoleAgancy">{{Cite news |date=October 11, 2017 |title=Duterte: PDEA now 'sole agency' in charge of drug war |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/10/11/1747741/duterte-pdea-now-sole-agency-charge-drug-war |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821234544/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/10/11/1747741/duterte-pdea-now-sole-agency-charge-drug-war |archive-date=August 21, 2019}}</ref><ref name="PhilStar-PNPBack">{{Cite news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=December 5, 2017 |title=PNP back in drug war; PDEA still lead agency |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/12/05/1765784/pnp-back-drug-war-pdea-still-lead-agency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119173152/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/12/05/1765784/pnp-back-drug-war-pdea-still-lead-agency |archive-date=November 19, 2019}}</ref> Through an executive order he issued in October 2018, Duterte instituted a more balanced approach to the drug problem by establishing the Philippine Anti-Illegal Drugs Strategy, which ordered all government departments and ] to implement their own strategies in tackling the country's illegal drug trade; the order also urged local government units, non-government organizations, and private institutions to support and implement the Strategy.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Musico |first=Jelly |date=October 31, 2018 |title=PRRD institutionalizes PH's anti-illegal drugs strategy |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1052710 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109164554/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1052710 |archive-date=November 9, 2018}}</ref> | |||
] gather in front of the Philippine Consulate General in ] on October 11, 2016.]] | |||
Duterte campaigned to eliminate illegal drugs in the country within three to six months, but later acknowledged he miscalculated the severity of the problem as he based his approach to that of ] during his tenure as the city's mayor. Stating it would take him his entire term to eradicate it, he cited the difficulty in border control due to the country's fragmented geography and lamented that several government officials and law enforcers were involved in drug trafficking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tan |first=Lara |date=August 17, 2017 |title=Duterte: I was wrong to put 6-month deadline on drug war |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/08/17/Duterte-war-on-drugs-deadline-Philippines.html |access-date=April 26, 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818062813/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/08/17/Duterte-war-on-drugs-deadline-Philippines.html |archive-date=August 18, 2017}}</ref> Before leaving office, he implored president-elect ] to continue tackling the illegal drug problem,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cervantes |first=Filane Mikee |date=May 26, 2022 |title=PRRD asks Marcos to continue anti-drug campaign his 'own way' |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175251 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526171249/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175251 |archive-date=May 26, 2022}}</ref> but declined an appointment offer as Marcos' ], expressing a desire to retire.<ref name="MB-DeclinesDrugCzar">{{Cite news |last=Pedrajas |first=Joseph |date=May 30, 2022 |title=Duterte declines Marcos' drug czar offer; 'looking forward to retirement' |work=] |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/05/30/duterte-declines-marcos-drug-czar-offer-looking-forward-to-retirement/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530075845/https://mb.com.ph/2022/05/30/duterte-declines-marcos-drug-czar-offer-looking-forward-to-retirement/ |archive-date=May 30, 2022}}</ref> By the end of Duterte's term, the number of drug suspects killed since Duterte took office was officially tallied by the government as 6,252;<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sarao |first1=Zacarian |title=6,252 drug suspects killed as of May 31 – PDEA |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1614260/pdea-says-6252-drug-suspects-died-as-of-may-31-in-war-against-drugs |access-date=August 2, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=June 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621185230/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1614260/pdea-says-6252-drug-suspects-died-as-of-may-31-in-war-against-drugs |archive-date=June 21, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> human rights groups, however, claim drug casualties reached as high as 12,000 to 30,000.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cabuenas |first1=Jon Viktor D. |title=ICC calls on Philippine gov't to comment on reopening of drug war probe |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/838463/icc-calls-on-marcos-administration-to-comment-on-reopening-of-drug-war-probe/story/ |access-date=August 2, 2024 |work=] |date=July 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717125349/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/838463/icc-calls-on-marcos-administration-to-comment-on-reopening-of-drug-war-probe/story/ |archive-date=July 17, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
Various international publications and media companies had claimed that Duterte's anti-drugs campaign was a war against the poor due to the abject poverty of those arrested or killed.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Iyengar |first=Rishi |title=The Killing Time: Inside Rodrigo Duterte's Drug War |magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/4462352/rodrigo-duterte-drug-war-drugs-philippines-killing/ |access-date=August 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 4, 2017 |title=Philippines: Duterte's 'war on drugs' is a war on the poor |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/02/war-on-drugs-war-on-poor/ |access-date=August 18, 2017 |website=Amnesty International}}</ref> On June 19, 2018, 38 ] member states released a collective statement through the ], calling on the Philippines and Duterte to end the killings in the war on drugs and cooperate in investigating human rights abuses.<ref>{{Cite news |title=38 nations ask PH: Stop killings, probe abuses |newspaper=] |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/168095/38-nations-ask-ph-stop-killings-probe-abuses}}</ref><ref name="PhilStar-38StatesCall">{{Cite news |last1=Mateo |first1=Janvic |last2=Mendez |first2=Christina |date=June 24, 2018 |title=Philippines does not need call from 38 states on HR |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/06/24/1827407/philippines-does-not-need-call-38-states-hr |access-date=March 4, 2019}}</ref> Though many human rights note that Duterte's war on drugs was a stain on his legacy,<ref>{{cite news |title=Is Rodrigo Duterte's war on drugs a stain on his legacy? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/upfront/2022/2/18/is-rodrigo-dutertes-war-on-drugs-a-stain-on-his-legacy |access-date=August 2, 2024 |work=] |date=February 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218085034/https://www.aljazeera.com/program/upfront/2022/2/18/is-rodrigo-dutertes-war-on-drugs-a-stain-on-his-legacy |archive-date=February 18, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> the anti-narcotics drive received domestic approval during his term,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Santos |first=Eimor P. |date=October 7, 2016 |title=Filipinos satisfied with Duterte's drug war, but want suspects alive - SWS |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/10/07/SWS-Duterte-war-on-drugs-survey.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008163705/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/10/07/SWS-Duterte-war-on-drugs-survey.html |archive-date=October 8, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Reuters-SWSPoll">{{Cite news |last=Petty |first=Martin |date=September 23, 2019 |title=Filipinos give thumbs up to Duterte's 'excellent' drugs war: poll |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-drugs/filipinos-give-thumbs-up-to-dutertes-excellent-drugs-war-poll-idUSKBN1W803M |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924050308/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-drugs/filipinos-give-thumbs-up-to-dutertes-excellent-drugs-war-poll-idUSKBN1W803M |archive-date=September 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=June 29, 2022 |title=High expectations for BBM during first 100 days: PUBLiCUS |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177870 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629190647/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177870 |archive-date=June 29, 2022}}</ref> and 58% of the country's barangays were declared by the government cleared of illegal drugs by February 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Maralit |first=Kristina |date=September 26, 2020 |title=Narcos get virus lull |work=] |url=https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2020/09/26/narcos-get-virus-lull/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004120058/https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2020/09/26/narcos-get-virus-lull/ |archive-date=October 4, 2020}}</ref><ref name="PNAGovPH-24KVillages">{{#invoke:Cite news| |last=Caliwan |first=Christopher Lloyd |date=March 30, 2022 |title=Over 24K villages 'drug-cleared' as of February: PDEA |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1171001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331184448/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1171001 |archive-date=March 31, 2022}}</ref> | |||
====International Criminal Court==== | |||
{{Further|International Criminal Court investigation in the Philippines}} | |||
In April 2017, a case was filed by lawyer Jude Sabio before the ] (ICC), charging Duterte and 11 other officials with ] in relation to the deaths of the controversial war on drugs; in response, outgoing ICC chief prosecutor ] in early 2018 launched a preliminary examination into the charges against the accused. This prompted Duterte in March 2018 to initiate the withdrawal of the Philippines from the ICC,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cruz |first=Enrico dela |date=March 16, 2018 |title=Philippines' Duterte pulls out of International Criminal Court after it announced it would look into his drug war |work=] |agency=] |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/philippines-duterte-pulls-out-of-international-criminal-court-2018-3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316112736/https://www.businessinsider.com/philippines-duterte-pulls-out-of-international-criminal-court-2018-3 |archive-date=March 16, 2018}}</ref> which took effect a year later, on March 17, 2019.<ref name="Cabico-Patag-2019">{{Cite news |last1=Cabico |first1=Gaea Katreena |last2=Patag |first2=Kristine Joy |date=April 17, 2019 |title=Philippines becomes second country to quit ICC |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/03/17/1901757/philippines-becomes-second-country-quit-icc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417101905/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/03/17/1901757/philippines-becomes-second-country-quit-icc |archive-date=April 17, 2019}}</ref> Duterte rebuked the idea of allowing foreigners to meddle in the country's justice system and his administration emphasized that cases against him should be filed before the national courts.<ref name="DW-2018">{{cite news |title=Philippine's Duterte urges nations to abandon ICC |url=https://www.dw.com/en/philippines-rodrigo-duterte-urges-nations-to-abandon-international-criminal-court/a-43028013 |access-date=August 3, 2024 |work=] |date=March 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318141159/https://www.dw.com/en/philippines-rodrigo-duterte-urges-nations-to-abandon-international-criminal-court/a-43028013 |archive-date=March 18, 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Cabico-Patag-2019" /> Additionally, he argued that the ], which was ratified by the Senate in 2011, was never binding in the Philippines as it was never published in the ], a requirement for a law in the country to take effect.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kabiling |first=Genalyn |date=July 29, 2021 |title=Duterte still has no copy of Rome Statute; ICC pullout an 'empty gesture' due to treaty's non-publication |work=] |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/07/29/duterte-still-has-no-copy-of-rome-statute-icc-pullout-an-empty-gesture-due-to-non-publication/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728192423/https://mb.com.ph/2021/07/29/duterte-still-has-no-copy-of-rome-statute-icc-pullout-an-empty-gesture-due-to-non-publication/ |archive-date=July 28, 2021}}</ref> For its part, the ICC reiterated that it maintains jurisdiction over crimes which took place before the withdrawal.<ref name="Cabico-Patag-2019" /> | |||
Stating that his 2017 case was an orchestrated move by the ], notably Senators ] and ], to discredit Duterte, Sabio retracted his allegations in January 2020 and requested the ICC to dismiss the case.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lagrimas |first1=Nicole-Anne C. |title=Lawyer Jude Sabio withdraws one of ICC cases vs. Duterte |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/722117/lawyer-jude-sabio-withdraws-one-of-icc-cases-vs-duterte/story/ |access-date=August 3, 2024 |work=] |date=January 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123094116/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/722117/lawyer-jude-sabio-withdraws-one-of-icc-cases-vs-duterte/story/ |archive-date=January 23, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The ICC rejected Sabio's request and asserted that it "cannot effectively destroy or return information once it is in its possession or control".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yap |first1=D. J. |title=ICC prosecutor: Probe of Duterte can't be stopped |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/183168/icc-prosecutor-probe-of-duterte-cant-be-stopped |access-date=August 3, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=January 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116084457/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/183168/icc-prosecutor-probe-of-duterte-cant-be-stopped |archive-date=January 16, 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Meanwhile, Duterte's ICC withdrawal was challenged before the Supreme Court by three petitions filed by the Philippine Coalition for the ICC, the ], and opposition senators; though the Court in March 2021 ultimately dismissed all three cases on the grounds that the petitioners were unable to establish legal standing to challenge the ICC withdrawal, the Court ruled that the President has no "unbridled authority" to withdraw from treaties.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Navallo |first=Mike |date=July 21, 2021 |title=SC: President has no 'unbridled authority' to withdraw from ICC treaty but junks petitions questioning it |work=] |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/21/21/sc-president-has-no-unbridled-authority-to-withdraw-from-icc-treaty-but-junks-petitions-questioning-it |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721110517/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/21/21/sc-president-has-no-unbridled-authority-to-withdraw-from-icc-treaty-but-junks-petitions-questioning-it |archive-date=July 21, 2021}}</ref> | |||
The ICC, on September 16, 2021, eventually authorized a formal investigation into the war on drugs<ref>{{Cite news |last=Peralta |first=Janine |date=September 15, 2021 |title=ICC pre-trial chamber authorizes PH drug war probe |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/9/15/ICC-drug-war-probe-.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915153607/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/9/15/ICC-drug-war-probe-.html |archive-date=September 15, 2021}}</ref> in the Philippines, focusing on crimes committed between 2016 and March 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 15, 2021 |title=ICC finds basis for crimes against humanity in Duterte drug war |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/12/15/Duterte-drug-war-ICC-prosecutor-investigation-Philippines.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215041541/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/12/15/Duterte-drug-war-ICC-prosecutor-investigation-Philippines.html |archive-date=December 15, 2020}}</ref> In response, the Philippine government in November 2021 requested a deferral of the probe, which was suspended by the ICC to assess the request.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Galang |first=Bamba |date=November 19, 2021 |title=ICC temporarily halts PH drug war probe |work=] |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/11/19/ICC-temporarily-suspends-probe-on-Duterte-drug-war.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119164934/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/11/19/ICC-temporarily-suspends-probe-on-Duterte-drug-war.html |archive-date=November 19, 2021}}</ref> Four days before Duterte left office, however, ICC prosecutor ] requested the pre-trial chamber of the ICC to immediately resume the investigation after concluding that the deferral request was "not warranted".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Peralta-Malonzo |first=Third Anne |date=June 26, 2022 |title=ICC wants resumption of probe on PH's drug war killings |language=English |work=] |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1933114/manila/local-news/icc-wants-resumption-of-probe-on-phs-drug-war-killings |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626060746/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1933114/manila/local-news/icc-wants-resumption-of-probe-on-phs-drug-war-killings |archive-date=June 26, 2022}}</ref> The succeeding Marcos administration initially declined to allow any ICC probe in the country due to sovereignty issues;<ref>{{cite news |title=Marcos says ICC probe into Duterte's drug war a 'threat to sovereignty' |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/02/18/2245889/marcos-says-icc-probe-dutertes-drug-war-threat-sovereignty |access-date=August 3, 2024 |work=] |date=February 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218043359/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/02/18/2245889/marcos-says-icc-probe-dutertes-drug-war-threat-sovereignty |archive-date=February 18, 2023}}</ref> however, due to tensions between the Duterte and Marcos political families, the Marcos administration is seen as increasingly open to cooperating with the ICC.<ref name="Politiko-IsangSalita" /><ref name="Bolledo-2023" /> Duterte stated he remains unfazed at the threat of arrest, saying he would rather "die first" before facing a foreign court. ], who served as Duterte's chief legal counsel, alleged that Duterte's political opponents were using the ICC as a "political and propaganda apparatus".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Calupitan |first1=Joeal |last2=Rising |first2=David |title=Philippines' Duterte will 'die first' before facing ICC |url=https://apnews.com/article/elections-crime-courts-netherlands-europe-3e46d9babf81a151233d3e911f00b0f8 |access-date=August 3, 2024 |work=] |date=September 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916082325/https://apnews.com/article/elections-crime-courts-netherlands-europe-3e46d9babf81a151233d3e911f00b0f8 |archive-date=September 16, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
====Mindanao insurgency==== | ====Mindanao insurgency==== | ||
{{further |
{{further|Bangsamoro peace process|Moro conflict}} | ||
] to the ] at ] on August 6, 2018]] | |||
] captivity.]] | |||
During the Mindanao Hariraya ] 2016 convention in Davao City on July 8, 2016, Duterte vowed to address the Moro conflict and bring peace in Mindanao, assuring the ] community that "something will change" before the end of his term. He said that the ] (MILF) and the ] (MNLF) both support his proposal for ], which he says is the only solution to the Bangsamoro peace process. Duterte said that if the proposal for the country's shift to federalism fails or is not desired by the Filipino people, he will vow to pass the ], which would establish the ]. He also added that the Basic Law should benefit both MILF and MNLF, saying he is willing to negotiate with both secessionists to initiate a "reconfiguration" of territory.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bartolome|first1=Jessica|title=Plan B: Duterte promises BBL for both MNLF, MILF if Filipinos vote against federalism|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/572959/news/nation/plan-b-duterte-promises-bbl-for-both-mnlf-milf-if-filipinos-vote-against-federalism|accessdate=July 9, 2016|work=]|date=July 8, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=de Jesus|first1=Julliane Love|title=Duterte promises to fix insurgency, war in Mindanao before his term ends|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/795114/duterte-promises-to-fix-insurgency-war-in-mindanao-before-his-term-ends|accessdate=July 9, 2016|work=]|date=July 8, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Duterte has said that Moro dignity is what the MILF and MNLF are struggling for, and that they are not terrorists. He acknowledged that the Moros were subjected to wrongdoing, historical and in territory.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mellejor |first=Lilian C. |title=MILF, MNLF not terrorist groups, simply fighting for Moro dignity – Duterte |work=Philippines News Agency |location=DAVAO CITY |url=http://interaksyon.com/article/90739/milf-mnlf-not-terrorist-groups-simply-fighting-for-moro-dignity---duterte |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118053022/http://interaksyon.com/article/90739/milf-mnlf-not-terrorist-groups-simply-fighting-for-moro-dignity---duterte |archive-date=January 18, 2017}}</ref> | |||
The ] inflicted upon the Moros were brought up by President Duterte to criticize the United States and President ].<ref>{{cite news |author=Phil Star |date=September 5, 2016 |title=President Duterte reminds us of 1906 Bud Dajo massacre by the US troops |url=http://philippinesnewsonline.com/index.php/show/news/43/Politics/september-05-2016/President-Duterte-reminds-us-of-1906-Bud-Dajo-massacre-by-the-US-troops |newspaper=The Daily News |location= |access-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Duterte was endorsed in the election by ] (MNLF) leader Nur Misuari<ref>{{Cite news|date=May 8, 2016 |title=Nur Misuari's bet? Duterte and Marcos, he tells Vice News |work=Coconuts Manila |url=http://manila.coconuts.co/2016/05/08/nur-misuaris-bet-duterte-and-marcos-he-tells-vice-news |access-date=December 25, 2016}}</ref> due to his background in Mindanao.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 6, 2016 |title=MNLF Founder Nur Misuari Weighs in on the Philippine Presidential Election |work=Vice News |url=https://news.vice.com/video/mnlf-founder-nur-misuari-weighs-in-on-philippine-presidential-election}}</ref> Other Muslims also supported Duterte and denounced Roxas, the Aquino-supported pick.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tayao-Juego |first=Annelle |date=May 8, 2016 |title=Muslim groups back Duterte, ask Aquino for clean polls |newspaper=] |location=MANILA, Philippines |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/783952/muslim-groups-back-duterte-ask-aquino-for-clean-polls |access-date=December 25, 2016}}</ref> | |||
On November 6, 2016, Duterte signed an executive order to expand the ] to 21 members from 15, in which 11 will be decided by the MILF and 10 will be nominated by the government. The commission was formed in December 2013 and is tasked to draft the Bangsamoro Basic Law in accordance with the ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aben |first=Elena |date=November 7, 2016 |title=Duterte signs EO on Bangsamoro transition commission |work=] |url=http://news.mb.com.ph/2016/11/07/duterte-signs-eo-on-bangsamoro-transition-commission/ |access-date=November 7, 2016 |archive-date=November 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107233218/http://news.mb.com.ph/2016/11/07/duterte-signs-eo-on-bangsamoro-transition-commission/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
Duterte signed the ] on July 26, 2018,<ref name="PhilStar-DuterteSignsBOL">{{Cite news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=July 26, 2018 |title=Duterte signs Bangsamoro Organic Law |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/07/26/1837066/duterte-signs-bangsamoro-organic-law |access-date=December 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727112454/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/07/26/1837066/duterte-signs-bangsamoro-organic-law |archive-date=July 27, 2018}}</ref><ref name="MB-DuterteSignsBOL">{{Cite news |last=Geducos |first=Argyll Cyrus |date=July 27, 2018 |title=Duterte signs Bangsamoro Law |work=] |url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/07/26/duterte-signs-bangsamoro-law/ |access-date=December 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727032048/https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/07/26/duterte-signs-bangsamoro-law/ |archive-date=July 27, 2018}}</ref> which abolished the ] and provided for the basic structure of government for the ], following the agreements set forth in the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro peace agreement signed between the Government of the Philippines and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front in 2014.<ref name="gmafaqs">{{Cite web |date=September 10, 2014 |title=FAQs about the Bangsamoro Basic Law |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/378530/news/nation/faqs-about-the-bangsamoro-basic-law |access-date=February 16, 2015 |work=] |publisher=GMA Network}}</ref> | |||
Duterte signed proclamations granting ] to members of the ], and the ] in February 2021.<ref name="PNAGovPH-GrantsAmnesty" /> | |||
====Campaign against terrorism==== | |||
] captivity.]] | |||
At the start of 2016, experts warned the Philippines was at risk of having the ] (ISIS) set a foothold in the country.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gloria |first1=Glenda |title=Experts warn PH: Don't underestimate ISIS |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/118850-experts-warn-ph-not-to-underestimate-isis/ |access-date=August 2, 2024 |work=] |date=January 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802132356/https://www.rappler.com/philippines/118850-experts-warn-ph-not-to-underestimate-isis/ |archive-date=August 2, 2024}}</ref> However, Duterte's predecessor, President Aquino III, dismissed the perpetrators of a March 2016 armed attack against the military as mere "mercenaries" wanting to join the ISIS.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Esguerra |first1=Christian V. |title=Aquino downplays ISIS threat in PH |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/111463/aquino-downplays-isis-threat-in-ph |access-date=August 2, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=September 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140922022659/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/111463/aquino-downplays-isis-threat-in-ph |archive-date=September 22, 2014 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=No ISIS in Mindanao – Aquino |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2016/03/09/news/top-stories/no-isis-in-mindanao-aquino/249460 |access-date=August 2, 2024 |work=] |date=March 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918131808/https://www.manilatimes.net/2016/03/09/news/top-stories/no-isis-in-mindanao-aquino/249460 |archive-date=September 18, 2020 |language=en}}</ref> The earliest terrorist attacks in Duterte's presidency occurred in ] in ]; ] in ]; and in ] in ], where the ] (ASG) attempted to establish a position in the Visayas.<ref name="Laude-2017">{{cite news |last1=Laude |first1=Jaime |title=Troops thwart Abus in Bohol; 9 killed |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/04/12/1690062/troops-thwart-abus-bohol-9-killed |access-date=August 2, 2024 |work=] |date=April 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411232257/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/04/12/1690062/troops-thwart-abus-bohol-9-killed |archive-date=April 11, 2017}}</ref> Though the military eventually quelled the sieges,<ref name="Laude-2017" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dioquino |first1=Rose-An Jessica |title=In parting message, Maute fighters threaten to behead military, Duterte |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/590941/in-parting-message-maute-fighters-threaten-to-behead-military-duterte/story/ |access-date=August 2, 2024 |work=] |date=December 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209023056/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/590941/in-parting-message-maute-fighters-threaten-to-behead-military-duterte/story/ |archive-date=December 9, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> the events were only a prelude to what would become Duterte's greatest challenge in combating terrorism.<ref>{{cite news |title=Battle for Marawi: Is ISIS building a base in the Philippines? |url=https://graphics.straitstimes.com/STI/STIMEDIA/Interactives/2017/06/battle-for-marawi/index.html |access-date=August 2, 2024 |work=] |date=August 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609232855/https://graphics.straitstimes.com/STI/STIMEDIA/Interactives/2017/06/battle-for-marawi/index.html |archive-date=June 9, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
{{listen | |||
| type = speech | |||
| title = Declaration of liberation of Marawi | |||
| filename = Rodrigo Duterte declares Marawi City liberated from terrorist influence-WmOZt28eSsc.oga | |||
| description = Rodrigo Duterte declares ] liberated from terrorist influence on October 17, 2017. | |||
}} | |||
On May 23, 2017, Duterte was in his first state visit to Russia, where he met Russian president ] to realign the Philippines's foreign policy away from the United States; among his top priorities in the trip included the acquisition of Russian-made munitions to use against Islamic militants in restive Mindanao.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McKirdy |first1=Euan |title=Philippines' Duterte looks to strengthen ties with trip to Moscow |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/22/asia/duterte-putin-moscow-summit/index.html |access-date=August 2, 2024 |work=] |date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522090405/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/22/asia/duterte-putin-moscow-summit/index.html |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> At that time, the Philippine military was in an operation to capture ASG leader ]. Duterte cut short his trip and flew back to the Philippines after the ], which pledged allegiance to the ISIS, ] the city of ] in ]. Upon returning, Duterte ] and ordered a major offensive on the city to retake it.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Petty |first1=Martin |last2=Mogato |first2=Manuel |title=Philippine leader halts Russia trip, imposes martial law on restive island |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/philippine-leader-halts-russia-trip-imposes-martial-law-on-restive-island-idUSKBN18J2AD/ |access-date=August 2, 2024 |work=] |date=May 24, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Francisco |first1=Katerina |title=FAST FACTS: What you should know about the Maute Group |url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/170772-fast-facts-maute-group/ |access-date=August 2, 2024 |work=] |date=May 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524072042/https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/170772-fast-facts-maute-group/ |archive-date=May 24, 2017}}</ref> The battle, which lasted for five months, became the country's longest urban warfare; the city, particularly the downtown area, was left in ruins,<ref>{{cite news |agency=Agence France-Presse |title=Marawi: City destroyed in Philippines' longest urban war |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/939202/marawi-war-maute-terrorism-duterte-isnilon-hapilon-is-islamic-state |access-date=August 2, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=October 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019090225/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/939202/marawi-war-maute-terrorism-duterte-isnilon-hapilon-is-islamic-state |archive-date=October 19, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> largely due to militant fire and military airstrikes,<ref name="CNN-DuterteMarawiLiberated">{{Cite news |last1=McKirdy |first1=Euan |last2=Berlinger |first2=Joshua |date=October 17, 2017 |title=Philippines' Duterte declares liberation of Marawi from ISIS-affiliated militants |work=] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/17/asia/duterte-marawi-liberation/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017075815/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/17/asia/duterte-marawi-liberation/index.html |archive-date=October 17, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=McKirdy |first=Euan |date=July 5, 2017 |title=Satellite imagery shows devastation of ISIS-held Marawi |work=] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/07/05/asia/marawi-philippines-isis-satellite-imagery/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705210617/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/07/05/asia/marawi-philippines-isis-satellite-imagery/index.html |archive-date=July 5, 2017}}</ref> necessitating ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Placido |first=Dharel |date=July 3, 2017 |title=Duterte orders creation of 'Task Force Bangon Marawi' |work=] |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/03/17/duterte-orders-creation-of-task-force-bangon-marawi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703094705/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/03/17/duterte-orders-creation-of-task-force-bangon-marawi |archive-date=July 3, 2017}}</ref> Hapilon and ] were eventually killed, and on October 17, Duterte declared the city liberated from terrorist influence.<ref name="CNN-DuterteMarawiLiberated" /> | |||
Citing the danger posed by Islamic terrorists, Congress, upon Duterte's requests, thrice granted the extension of martial law in Mindanao between 2017 and 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Luu |first=Chieu |date=July 22, 2017 |title=Philippines extends martial law in Mindanao |work=] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/07/22/asia/philippines-mindanao-violence-duterte-extends-martial-law/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724204814/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/07/22/asia/philippines-mindanao-violence-duterte-extends-martial-law/index.html |archive-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Santos |first=Eimor P. |date=December 14, 2017 |title=Congress grants Duterte request to extend Mindanao martial law until end of 2018 |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/12/13/Congress-approves-martial-law-extension-Mindanao-2018.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214143920/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/12/13/Congress-approves-martial-law-extension-Mindanao-2018.html |archive-date=December 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cervantes |first=Filane Mikee |date=December 12, 2018 |title=Congress grants martial law extension until end of 2019 |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1056438 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216005617/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1056438 |archive-date=December 16, 2018}}</ref> The moves drew criticism, particularly from rights groups, who claimed that the extensions were part of a campaign on stifling dissent.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Beltran |first1=Michael |last2=Tobin |first2=Meaghan |title=Duterte's martial law move renews authoritarianism fears in Philippines |url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/2177022/dutertes-martial-law-extension-renews-fears-authoritarianism |access-date=August 2, 2024 |work=] |date=December 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208081627/https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/2177022/dutertes-martial-law-extension-renews-fears-authoritarianism |archive-date=December 8, 2018 |language=en}}</ref> By the end of 2019, martial law in Mindanao lapsed, after which Duterte decided not to have it extended.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cigaral |first=Nicolas |date=January 1, 2020 |title=Martial law in Mindanao ends after 953 days |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/01/01/1981218/martial-law-mindanao-ends-after-953-days |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200105225137/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/01/01/1981218/martial-law-mindanao-ends-after-953-days |archive-date=January 5, 2020}}</ref> In July 2020, Duterte signed the ],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=July 3, 2020 |title=Duterte signs anti-terror bill into law |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1107921 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704165244/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1107921 |archive-date=July 4, 2020}}</ref> which expanded the powers of the government to address the country's growing security challenges. In its enactment, the law repealed the ], which was described by the 2020 law's proponents as weak and inadequate.<ref name="Santos-2020">{{Cite news |last=Santos |first=Elmor |date=July 3, 2020 |title=Duterte signs into law the controversial anti-terrorism bill |work=] |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/7/3/duterte-signs-anti-terrorism-law.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801213314/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/7/3/duterte-signs-anti-terrorism-law.html |archive-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Mendoza-etal-2021">{{cite journal |last1=Mendoza |first1=Ronald U. |last2=Ong |first2=Rommel Jude G. |last3=Romano |first3=Dion Lorenz L. |last4=Torno |first4=Bernadette Chloe P. |title=Counterterrorism in the Philippines: Review of Key Issues |journal=Perspectives on Terrorism |date=2021 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=49–64 |jstor=26984797 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26984797 |access-date=August 2, 2024 |issn=2334-3745}}</ref>{{rp|pages=54–55}} However, the 2020 law received intense criticism, notably from the academia and rights groups, for allegedly being prone to abuse; a total of 37 petitions were filed by several groups asking the Supreme Court to have the law nullified,<ref name="Mendoza-etal-2021" />{{rp|page=60}} making the law the most assailed legislation in Philippine history;<ref>{{cite news |last1=Panaligan |first1=Rey G. |title=SC declares Anti-Terrorism Act constitutional except for 2 provisions |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/12/09/sc-declares-anti-terrorism-act-constitutional-except-for-2-provisions-in-most-contested-law/ |access-date=August 2, 2024 |work=] |date=December 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209032630/https://mb.com.ph/2021/12/09/sc-declares-anti-terrorism-act-constitutional-except-for-2-provisions-in-most-contested-law/ |archive-date=December 9, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> the Court ultimately upheld the validity of the law in December 2021, but struck two of the law's provisions.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Patag |first1=Kristine Joy |title=SC leaves Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 mostly intact |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/12/09/2146795/sc-leaves-anti-terrorism-act-2020-mostly-intact |access-date=August 2, 2024 |work=] |date=December 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209031519/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/12/09/2146795/sc-leaves-anti-terrorism-act-2020-mostly-intact |archive-date=December 9, 2021}}</ref> | |||
As Duterte's term approached its end, the military intensified its efforts against Islamic terrorists, which continued to carry a series of attacks in Mindanao and Sulu;<ref>{{cite news |title=Women linked to Abu Sayyaf suicide bombings arrested in Sulu |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/23/nine-suspected-female-suicide-bombers-arrested-in-sulu |access-date=August 2, 2024 |work=] |date=February 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223073115/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/23/nine-suspected-female-suicide-bombers-arrested-in-sulu |archive-date=February 23, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> notable among these attacks involved suicide bombing, a tactic not commonly used by Filipino terrorists.<ref name="Mendoza-etal-2021" />{{rp|page=55}} In February 2021, Duterte created the National Amnesty Commission, which would process ] applications of former rebels and determine their eligibility.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cervantes |first1=Filane Mikee |title=Duterte creates National Amnesty Commission |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1130029 |access-date=August 2, 2024 |work=] |date=February 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208115756/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1130029 |archive-date=February 8, 2021}}</ref> Additionally, he expanded his administration's reintegration program to include former ]s.<ref name="Gita-Carlos-2020" /> From 2016–2021, 1,544 ASG members, 971 ] members, and 1,427 ] members were reportedly captured, killed, or surrendered.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nepomuceno |first=Priam |date=May 30, 2022 |title=NTF-ELCAC, Anti-Terrorism Act crucial to PH fight vs. insurgency |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530061830/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175394 |archive-date=May 30, 2022}}</ref> | |||
====Communist insurgency==== | ====Communist insurgency==== | ||
Duterte described himself as left-leaning during his presidential campaign.<ref>{{cite news |title='BUT NOT AN NPA': Duterte declares he'll be first leftist president |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/563681/duterte-declares-he-ll-be-first-leftist-president/story/ |access-date=July 31, 2024 |work=] |date=April 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316162617/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/563681/duterte-declares-he-ll-be-first-leftist-president/story/ |archive-date=March 16, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> As he initially had good relations with the left,<ref name="Mogato-2016">{{cite news |last1=Mogato |first1=Manuel |title=Duterte readies for Philippine peace talks restart as rebel team arrives |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/duterte-readies-for-philippine-peace-talks-restart-as-rebel-team-arrives-idUSKCN0Y819Y/ |access-date=July 31, 2024 |work=] |date=May 17, 2016}}</ref> he received campaign support from leftist groups, particularly in Mindanao.<ref name="Gloria-2016">{{cite news |last1=Gloria |first1=Glenda |title=Duterte to Left: 4 departments yours |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/133230-duterte-left-departments/ |access-date=July 31, 2024 |work=] |date=May 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729115535/https://www.rappler.com/philippines/133230-duterte-left-departments/ |archive-date=July 29, 2024}}</ref> Duterte was a student of ] (CPP) founder ] at ], and Sison stated during the election campaign that Duterte was "the best President the Philippines can have since Marcos".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sabillo |first1=Kristine Angeli |title=Joma Sison talks about former student Duterte, other candidates |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/764641/joma-sison-talks-about-former-student-duterte-other-candidates |access-date=July 31, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=February 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160214085156/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/764641/joma-sison-talks-about-former-student-duterte-other-candidates |archive-date=February 14, 2016 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
{{further information|CPP–NPA–NDF rebellion}} | |||
Upon Duterte's election into office, prospects of restarting peace talks between the Philippine government and the CPP-]-], which stalled in 2011, gained momentum.<ref name="Mogato-2016" /> Duterte temporarily released several communist prisoners, notably couples CPP-NPA chairman ] and CPP-NPA secretary-general ], to join the peace talks in Oslo.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gavilan |first=Jodesz |date=August 22, 2016 |title=WHO'S WHO: Political prisoners released for Oslo peace talks |work=] |url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/143498-political-prisoners-ndf-consultants-peace-talks/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220825100823/https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/143498-political-prisoners-ndf-consultants-peace-talks/ |archive-date=August 25, 2022 |access-date=August 25, 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Macas |first1=Trisha |title=PHL hopes for peace deal with CPP-NPA-NDF within a year |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/578539/news/nation/phl-hopes-for-peace-deal-with-cpp-npa-ndf-within-a-year |access-date=July 31, 2024 |work=] |date=August 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923190622/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/578539/news/nation/phl-hopes-for-peace-deal-with-cpp-npa-ndf-within-a-year |archive-date=September 23, 2016 |language=en}}</ref> In addition, Duterte offered positions for left-leaning activists in his administration, notably in four executive departments: ], ], ], and ].<ref name="Gloria-2016" /> In the months leading to 2017, however, the Duterte administration and the CPP accused each other of not being faithful to the ongoing peace negotiations.<ref name="Ranada-2016b" /> The CPP demanded from the administration the release of around 130 political detainees, which—along proposals of the CPP to form a "coalition government"—<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Musico |first1=Jelly |title=Duterte says no ceasefire with Reds 'ever again' |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1124095 |access-date=June 15, 2023 |work=] |date=December 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208034436/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1124095 |archive-date=December 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Keck |first1=Madeleine |title=Duterte explains why he terminated foreign-brokered peace talks with country's rebels |url=https://southeastasiaglobe.com/duterte-terminates-communist-peace-talks/ |access-date=June 15, 2023 |work=Southeast Asia Globe |date=November 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615180545/https://southeastasiaglobe.com/duterte-terminates-communist-peace-talks/ |archive-date=June 15, 2023}}</ref> Duterte declined.<ref name="Ranada-2016b">{{cite news |last1=Ranada |first1=Pia |title=Duterte won't release political prisoners: 'They're my ace' |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/154954-duterte-left-release-prisoners-ace/ |access-date=July 31, 2024 |work=] |date=December 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731133548/https://www.rappler.com/philippines/154954-duterte-left-release-prisoners-ace/ |archive-date=July 31, 2024}}</ref> Additionally, several leftists appointed by Duterte were rejected by the ], while others resigned or were fired by Duterte amidst the tense relations.<ref name="CNNPH-DuterteFires">{{Cite news |last=Santos |first=Eimor P. |date=October 3, 2018 |title=Duterte fires left-leaning Labor official |work=] |url=http://nine.cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/10/03/Duterte-fires-left-leaning-Labor-official.html |access-date=February 24, 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411104426/http://nine.cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/10/03/Duterte-fires-left-leaning-Labor-official.html |archive-date=April 11, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Inquirer-LastLeft">{{Cite news |last=Esguerra |first=Darryl John |date=October 3, 2018 |title=Duterte fires last leftist in government |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1038554/duterte-fires-last-leftist-in-government |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224212549/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1038554/duterte-fires-last-leftist-in-government |archive-date=February 24, 2022}}</ref> Compounding these were the continued clashes between the military and the NPA and the alternate declaration and lifting of ceasefire amid the ongoing peace talks;<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tordesillas |first1=Ellen T. |title=Duterte does a delicate balancing act |url=https://verafiles.org/articles/duterte-does-a-delicate-balancing-act |access-date=July 31, 2024 |work=] |date=July 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204035202/https://verafiles.org/articles/duterte-does-a-delicate-balancing-act |archive-date=December 4, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Gov't troops, NPA clash in Mindoro as Duterte suspends peace talks |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/598383/gov-t-troops-npa-clash-in-mindoro-as-duterte-suspends-peace-talks/story/ |access-date=July 31, 2024 |work=] |date=February 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731142531/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/598383/gov-t-troops-npa-clash-in-mindoro-as-duterte-suspends-peace-talks/story/ |archive-date=July 31, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
] at the ] on April 15, 2019.]] | |||
On February 6, 2017, Duterte, citing continued attacks by the NPA on the military, formally terminated peace negotiations with the CPP-NPA-NDF, designated them as a ]<ref name="CNNPH-CPP-NPA">{{Cite news |last=Tordecilla |first=Karmela |date=February 6, 2017 |title=Duterte: CPP-NPA-NDF a terrorist group |work=] |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/02/06/duterte-says-npa-ndf-cpp-terrorist-group.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206053157/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/02/06/duterte-says-npa-ndf-cpp-terrorist-group.html |archive-date=February 6, 2017}}</ref> and ordered the arrest of all NDF negotiators.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jerusalem |first=Jigger |date=February 6, 2017 |title=Duterte orders arrest of NDFP negotiators |newspaper=] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/868473/duterte-orders-arrest-of-ndfp-negotiators |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205174147/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/868473/duterte-orders-arrest-of-ndfp-negotiators |archive-date=February 5, 2017}}</ref> Through an executive order he issued in December 2018, Duterte established the ] (NTF-ELCAC), an inter-agency body that involved a ]—from the national to local level—<ref>{{cite web |title=Joint Memorandum Circular No. 01 series of 2019 |url=https://authdocs.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/JMC-No.-01-s.-2019-wrp13.pdf |website=] |publisher=] |access-date=September 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923092227/https://authdocs.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/JMC-No.-01-s.-2019-wrp13.pdf |archive-date=September 23, 2023 |pages=2–8}}</ref> in addressing the root causes of communism.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 12, 2018 |title=Duterte: Gov't shifts to 'civilian-led approach' in fight vs. communists |work=] |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/12/11/duterte-executive-order-70-whole-of-nation.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220153000/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/12/11/duterte-executive-order-70-whole-of-nation.html |archive-date=December 20, 2018}}</ref> The NTF-ELCAC worked in close coordination with the military and focused on developing far-flung localities infiltrated by the NPA.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chavez |first1=Chito |title=Defunding NTF-ELCAC exposes 822 cleared barangays to communist insurgency anew- Año |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/5/5/defunding-ntf-elcac-exposes-822-cleared-barangays-to-communist-insurgency-anew-ano |access-date=February 22, 2024 |work=] |date=May 5, 2021}}</ref> Duterte also granted amnesty to former communist rebels<ref name="PNAGovPH-GrantsAmnesty">{{Cite news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=February 16, 2021 |title=Duterte grants amnesty to communist, Moro rebels |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1130859 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216114511/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1130859 |archive-date=February 16, 2021}}</ref> and launched reintegration programs to support them and their families.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Geducos |first=Argyll Cyrus |date=April 5, 2018 |title=Duterte creates task force for the reintegration of former rebels |work=] |url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/04/04/duterte-creates-task-force-for-the-reintegration-of-former-rebels/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129014345/https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/04/04/duterte-creates-task-force-for-the-reintegration-of-former-rebels/ |archive-date=November 29, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Gita-Carlos-2020">{{cite news |last1=Gita-Carlos |first1=Ruth Abbey |title=Ex-violent extremists now covered by E-CLIP |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1097198 |access-date=July 31, 2024 |work=] |date=March 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408035337/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1097198 |archive-date=April 8, 2020}}</ref> Ultimately, in March 2019, he permanently terminated peace negotiations with the CPP-NPA-NDF, facilitating localized peace talks with the rebels.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roque |first=EJ |date=March 21, 2019 |title=Duterte permanently ends peace talks with Reds |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1065301 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323122414/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1065301 |archive-date=March 23, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=March 21, 2019 |title=Duterte declares permanent termination of talks with Reds |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/03/21/1903483/duterte-declares-permanent-termination-talks-reds |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327220251/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/03/21/1903483/duterte-declares-permanent-termination-talks-reds |archive-date=March 27, 2019}}</ref> | |||
Duterte left office with the number of NPA ] in the country reduced from 89 to 23,<ref name="Nepomuceno-2022">{{Cite news |last=Nepomuceno |first=Priam |date=July 7, 2022 |title=Duterte admin made significant gains vs. NPA: AFP |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1178431 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707084355/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1178431 |archive-date=July 7, 2022}}</ref> and about 20,579 communist rebels reportedly surrendered from 2016 to 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 29, 2021 |title=Over 20K rebels abandoned CPP-NPA-NDF since 2016: NTF-ELCAC |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1161322 |access-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129133549/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1161322 |archive-date=November 29, 2021}}</ref> Despite its success in reducing communist insurgency in the country,<ref name="Nepomuceno-2022" /> Duterte's administration was marred by numerous allegations of ], notably the left-leaning ]; Duterte and the military dismissed the red-tagging accusations and argued the government was merely "identifying" them as ]s.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mercado |first=Neil Arwin |date=November 30, 2020 |title=Duterte tells leftwing groups: 'We are not red-tagging you, we are identifying you as communist fronts' |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1366569/duterte-tells-makabayan-bloc-legal-communist-fronts-we-are-not-red-tagging-you |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130133115/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1366569/duterte-tells-makabayan-bloc-legal-communist-fronts-we-are-not-red-tagging-you |archive-date=November 30, 2020}}</ref> Duterte also received criticism after he threatened to order the military in mid-2017 to bomb ] schools, which he and the military suspected to shelter rebels and teach subversion.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 24, 2017 |title=Duterte threatens to bomb Lumad schools |work=] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/619324/duterte-warns-lumads-i-ll-bomb-your-schools/story/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302190028/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/619324/duterte-warns-lumads-i-ll-bomb-your-schools/story/ |archive-date=March 2, 2022}}</ref> Additionally, the military and the NTF-ELCAC were denounced after they cited clandestine recruitment activities by the communist rebels within university campuses nationwide, notably in both state-run ] and ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Top universities denounce red-tagging of schools |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/top-philippine-universities-denounce-red-tagging-schools/ |access-date=July 31, 2024 |work=] |date=January 24, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=PUP students decry red-tagging, to continue pro-rights campaign |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/707785/pup-students-decry-red-tagging-to-continue-pro-rights-campaign/story/ |access-date=July 31, 2024 |work=] |date=September 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731151731/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/707785/pup-students-decry-red-tagging-to-continue-pro-rights-campaign/story/ |archive-date=July 31, 2024}}</ref> | |||
Several human rights organizations called on the succeeding ] to abolish the NTF-ELCAC due to continued red-tagging allegations; the calls, however, were rejected by Marcos.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Romero |first1=Alexis |title=NTF-ELCAC won't be abolished, says Marcos |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/05/17/2355714/ntf-elcac-wont-be-abolished-says-marcos |access-date=July 31, 2024 |work=] |date=May 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517113552/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/05/17/2355714/ntf-elcac-wont-be-abolished-says-marcos |archive-date=May 17, 2024}}</ref> | |||
====COVID-19 pandemic==== | |||
{{Main|COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines|Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic}} | |||
{{Further|COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines|COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines}} | |||
When news about the novel coronavirus (]) spread around the world, Duterte initially understated the threat of the disease and urged the public to refrain from inciting ], which at that time saw a global rise.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lema |first1=Karen |editor-last1=King |editor-first1=Larry |title=Philippines' Duterte says xenophobia against Chinese must stop |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-philippines/philippines-duterte-says-xenophobia-against-chinese-must-stop-idUSKBN1ZX21L/ |access-date=August 6, 2024 |work=] |date=February 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205014757/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-philippines/philippines-duterte-says-xenophobia-against-chinese-must-stop-idUSKBN1ZX21L/ |archive-date=February 5, 2020}}</ref> The first reported COVID-19 case in the Philippines was on January 30, 2020,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Casilao |first1=Joahna Lei |title=Philippines confirms first novel coronavirus case |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/724166/doh-confirms-first-ncov-case-in-philippines/story/ |access-date=August 6, 2024 |work=] |date=January 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517003932/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/724166/doh-confirms-first-ncov-case-in-philippines/story/ |archive-date=May 17, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> prompting Duterte to issue bans on the entry of Chinese nationals from China<ref>{{Cite news |last=Esguerra |first=Darryl John |date=January 31, 2020 |title=Duterte orders travel ban from Hubei |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1222176/duterte-imposes-travel-ban-on-travelers-from-hubei-other-ncov-hit-areas-in-china |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131123932/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1222176/duterte-imposes-travel-ban-on-travelers-from-hubei-other-ncov-hit-areas-in-china |archive-date=January 31, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Jalea |first1=Glee |last2=Gregorio |first2=Xave |date=February 2, 2020 |title=Duterte widens travel ban on mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/2/2/Duterte-travel-ban-mainland-China-Hong-Kong-Macau.html?fbclid | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215171347/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/2/2/Duterte-travel-ban-mainland-China-Hong-Kong-Macau.html?fbclid |archive-date=February 15, 2020}}</ref> and calling for calm.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jaymalin |first1=Mayen |title=Duterte calls for calm on COVID |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/02/14/1993010/duterte-calls-calm-covid |access-date=August 6, 2024 |work=] |date=February 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214152512/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/02/14/1993010/duterte-calls-calm-covid |archive-date=February 14, 2020}}</ref> Duterte changed his tune in March, during which he placed the Philippines under a State of National Calamity<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=March 17, 2020 |title=PH placed under state of calamity due to Covid-19 |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1096951 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504170723/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1096951 |archive-date=May 4, 2020}}</ref> and ordered ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=March 16, 2020 |title=Duterte places entire Luzon under 'enhanced community quarantine' |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1096801 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403232233/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1096801 |archive-date=April 3, 2020}}</ref> His administration opted to use what it described as "draconian measures" to control the contagion,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Merez |first1=Arianne |title='Draconian measures': Philippines rolls out pandemic fighting plan |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/25/20/draconian-measures-philippines-rolls-out-pandemic-fighting-plan-coronavirus |access-date=August 6, 2024 |work=] |date=March 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326030313/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/25/20/draconian-measures-philippines-rolls-out-pandemic-fighting-plan-coronavirus |archive-date=March 26, 2020}}</ref> and Duterte employed the military and police to enforce the public's strict adherence to quarantine and health protocols.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Luna |first=Franco |date=April 16, 2020 |title=Duterte asks public for 'discipline' in following quarantine rules |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/04/16/2007845/duterte-asks-public-discipline-following-quarantine-rules |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416155312/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/04/16/2007845/duterte-asks-public-discipline-following-quarantine-rules |archive-date=April 16, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title='Shoot them dead': Duterte says won't tolerate lockdown violators |work=] |url=https://www.interaksyon.com/politics-issues/2020/04/02/165579/shoot-them-dead-duterte-says-wont-tolerate-lockdown-violators/ |access-date=April 30, 2020}}</ref> | |||
As countries were scrambling in securing COVID-19 vaccines for their own citizens, Duterte called for patience amid criticism.<ref name="AP-2021" /> To expedite vaccine procurement, Duterte rejected creating a committee and designated ] as "vaccine czar", who had the gargantuan task of acquiring vaccines from other countries.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Aguilar |first1=Krissy |title=Duterte designates Galvez as COVID vaccine czar |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1355580/duterte-designates-galvez-as-vaccine-czar |access-date=August 6, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=November 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102113514/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1355580/duterte-designates-galvez-as-vaccine-czar |archive-date=November 2, 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Additionally, Duterte personally requested vaccines from world leaders, notably Chinese president ] and Russian President ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mandhana |first1=Niharika |title=Philippines's Duterte Asks China for Access to Successful Coronavirus Vaccine |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/philippines-duterte-asks-china-for-access-to-successful-coronavirus-vaccine-11595858296 |access-date=August 6, 2024 |work=] |date=July 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727174537/https://www.wsj.com/articles/philippines-duterte-asks-china-for-access-to-successful-coronavirus-vaccine-11595858296 |archive-date=July 27, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Salaverria |first1=Leila B. |title=Duterte, Putin talk vaccines; PH orders 20 million Sputnik V shots |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1418731/duterte-putin-talk-vaccines-ph-orders-20m-sputnik-v-shots |access-date=August 6, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=April 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413225121/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1418731/duterte-putin-talk-vaccines-ph-orders-20m-sputnik-v-shots |archive-date=April 13, 2021}}</ref> China and Russia responded favorably,<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia offers to supply Philippines with Covid-19 vaccine |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/russia-offers-to-supply-philippines-with-covid-19-vaccine |access-date=August 6, 2024 |work=] |date=August 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807121304/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/russia-offers-to-supply-philippines-with-covid-19-vaccine |archive-date=August 7, 2020 |language=en}}</ref> and the Duterte administration started ] on March 1, 2021, a day after receiving 600,000 ] vaccines sent by the Chinese government.<ref name="Venzon-2021">{{cite news |last1=Venzon |first1=Cliff |title=Philippines starts COVID vaccinations, courtesy of China |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus/COVID-vaccines/Philippines-starts-COVID-vaccinations-courtesy-of-China |access-date=August 6, 2024 |work=] |date=March 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316170325/https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus/COVID-vaccines/Philippines-starts-COVID-vaccinations-courtesy-of-China |archive-date=March 16, 2021}}</ref> Duterte also used the ] as leverage in securing vaccines from the United States, threatening to scrap the military pact.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venzon |first=Cliff |date=December 27, 2020 |title=Duterte threatens to end US military pact if no vaccines |work=] |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Duterte-threatens-to-end-US-military-pact-if-no-vaccines |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227092859/https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Duterte-threatens-to-end-US-military-pact-if-no-vaccines |archive-date=December 27, 2020}}</ref> In addition, in an apparent effort to help the Philippines gain access to US-developed vaccines, Duterte granted absolute pardon to US soldier Joseph Scott Pemberton, who was serving prison for ] in 2014.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cabico |first1=Gaea Katreena |last2=Patag |first2=Kristine Joy |title=Roque believes Pemberton pardon linked to Duterte's desire to get COVID-19 vaccine access |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/09/10/2041479/roque-believes-pemberton-pardon-linked-dutertes-desire-get-covid-19-vaccine-access |access-date=August 6, 2024 |work=] |date=September 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127205138/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/09/10/2041479/roque-believes-pemberton-pardon-linked-dutertes-desire-get-covid-19-vaccine-access |archive-date=November 27, 2020}}</ref> | |||
]-developed COVID-19 vaccine vial following a ceremonial turnover in ] City on March 4, 2021.]] | |||
At the height of the pandemic in mid-2021, the Philippines was a COVID-19 hotspot in Asia; ] was a problem, and many citizens opted to wait for Western vaccines to arrive. In exasperation, Duterte urged the public to undergo vaccination, threatening to arrest unvaccinated individuals and order local leaders to compile a list of defiant residents.<ref name="AP-2021">{{cite news |title=Duterte threatens to arrest Filipinos who refuse vaccination |url=https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-arrests-health-feeb885f996b2a6f0f425a315c6c5ed9 |access-date=August 6, 2024 |work=] |date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622101605/https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-arrests-health-feeb885f996b2a6f0f425a315c6c5ed9 |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> In May 2021, to encourage the public that vaccines were safe, Duterte—acting on the advice of his doctor—publicly took the ] before it was approved for use by the Philippine ];<ref>{{cite news |title=Philippines' Duterte receives first dose of Sinopharm's COVID-19 vaccine |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/philippines-duterte-receives-first-dose-sinopharms-covid-19-vaccine-2021-05-03/#:~:text=MANILA%2C%20May%203%20(Reuters),virus%2C%20his%20closest%20aide%20said. |access-date=August 6, 2024 |work=] |date=May 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503155340/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/philippines-duterte-receives-first-dose-sinopharms-covid-19-vaccine-2021-05-03/ |archive-date=May 3, 2021}}</ref> his move, however, drew criticism since the general public had access to CoronaVac vaccines, which the public majority perceived to have lower efficacy. The backlash prompted Duterte to apologize, acknowledge the possibility of the Sinopharm vaccine's multiple side effects, and decide to pull out the vaccines.<ref>{{cite news |title=Philippines' Duterte apologises for taking unapproved China jab |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-57004924 |access-date=August 6, 2024 |work=] |date=May 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506050236/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-57004924 |archive-date=May 6, 2021}}</ref> The public's prejudice against China's CoronaVac was later revealed in a ] 2024 report as the outcome of ] that aimed to erode the public's trust in China-developed vaccines.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pentagon ran secret anti-vax campaign to undermine China during pandemic |url=https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-covid-propaganda/ |website=] |last1=Bing |first1=Chris |last2=Schectman |first2=Joel |date=June 14, 2024 |access-date=June 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240614110549/https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-covid-propaganda/ |archive-date=June 14, 2024}}</ref> | |||
Duterte gradually relaxed quarantine restrictions to revive the economy.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Calonzo |first=Andreo |date=May 13, 2021 |title=Philippines Eases Virus Curbs as Economy Stays in Recession |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-13/philippines-eases-virus-curbs-as-economy-remains-in-recession |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514020755/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-13/philippines-eases-virus-curbs-as-economy-remains-in-recession |archive-date=May 14, 2021}}</ref> Upon leaving office, Duterte's administration secured 245 million vaccine doses; about 70.5 million individuals had been fully vaccinated.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 30, 2022 |title=Vergeire to push redefining fully vaccinated under Marcos admin |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/6/30/Vergeire-redefine-fully-vaccinated-Marcos-admin.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629170147/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/6/30/Vergeire-redefine-fully-vaccinated-Marcos-admin.html |archive-date=June 29, 2022}}</ref> Over 3.7 million COVID-19 cases were recorded since the onset of the pandemic, 3.69 million people had recovered from the disease, while 8,706 active cases remained.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 1, 2022 |title=DOH: 88% of provinces, cities in PH seeing increase in COVID-19 cases |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/7/1/OCTA-higher-positivity-rate-Metro-Manila-9-others.html | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701074100/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/7/1/OCTA-higher-positivity-rate-Metro-Manila-9-others.html |archive-date=July 1, 2022}}</ref> Though his administration successfully reached its target of vaccinating 70% of the Philippine population,<ref name="Inquirer-BoosterSideEffects">{{Cite news |last=Villa |first=Kathleen de |date=April 14, 2022 |title=Amid push for boosters, many in PH still fear 'side effects' |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1582779/amid-push-for-boosters-many-in-ph-still-fearing-side-effects |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413232052/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1582779/amid-push-for-boosters-many-in-ph-still-fearing-side-effects |archive-date=April 13, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=de Villa |first1=Kathleen |last2=Corrales |first2=Nestor |date=April 22, 2022 |title=Vaccine czar lowers target as jab rate slows down |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1586356/vaccine-czar-lowers-target-as-jab-rate-slows-down |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421222141/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1586356/vaccine-czar-lowers-target-as-jab-rate-slows-down |archive-date=April 21, 2022}}</ref> Duterte, along with Health Secretary ], was implicated in ] involving allegedly overpriced medical supplies and equipment. Critics highlighted that Duterte's administration purchased pandemic supplies from Pharmally Pharmaceutical, a company linked to Duterte's former economic adviser, Michael Yang. Duterte rejected the corruption allegations and emphasized that the supplies at the time of purchase were in high demand, hence, the high prices.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Flores |first1=Helen |title=Duterte defends anew COVID-19 supply deals |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/09/09/2125837/duterte-defends-anew-covid-19-supply-deals |access-date=August 6, 2024 |work=] |date=September 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909060610/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/09/09/2125837/duterte-defends-anew-covid-19-supply-deals |archive-date=September 9, 2021}}</ref> A Senate probe, headed by ] chairman ], was initiated in August 2021 for alleged irregularities in the use of COVID-19 response funds amounting to {{Philippine peso}}67 billion.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peralta-Malonzo |first1=Third Anne |title=Duterte hits senators over Covid-19 response funds probe |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/local-news/in-a-recorded-public-address-aired-on-tuesday-august-31-2021 |access-date=August 6, 2024 |work=] |date=August 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806160814/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/local-news/in-a-recorded-public-address-aired-on-tuesday-august-31-2021 |archive-date=August 6, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> A month before Duterte left office, Gordon released a draft report on the probe, which claimed that Duterte "betrayed public trust" for appointing Yang as economic adviser in 2018, prohibited his Cabinet and other officials from attending the hearings, and allegedly discredited the Senate and ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yang |first1=Angelica Y. |title=Zubiri says he'll sign Pharmally probe report if allegations vs Duterte are removed |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/06/01/2185311/zubiri-says-hell-sign-pharmally-probe-report-if-allegations-vs-duterte-are-removed |access-date=August 6, 2024 |work=] |date=June 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601093440/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/06/01/2185311/zubiri-says-hell-sign-pharmally-probe-report-if-allegations-vs-duterte-are-removed |archive-date=June 1, 2022}}</ref> The report, however, failed to reach the Senate ] for deliberation after it was signed by nine senators out of the 11 required signatures.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yang |first=Angelica Y. |date=June 1, 2022 |title=Zubiri says he'll sign Pharmally probe report if allegations vs Duterte are removed |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/06/01/2185311/zubiri-says-hell-sign-pharmally-probe-report-if-allegations-vs-duterte-are-removed |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601093440/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/06/01/2185311/zubiri-says-hell-sign-pharmally-probe-report-if-allegations-vs-duterte-are-removed |archive-date=June 1, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Magsambol |first=Bonz |date=June 6, 2022 |title=Senators refuse to sign Pharmally probe report due to inclusion of Duterte |work=] |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/senators-refuse-sign-pharmally-probe-report-due-inclusion-of-duterte/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606112208/https://www.rappler.com/nation/senators-refuse-sign-pharmally-probe-report-due-inclusion-of-duterte/ |archive-date=June 6, 2022}}</ref> | |||
====Energy and climate==== | |||
The Duterte administration initially adopted a "technology neutral" policy in energy generation.<ref name="CNBC-EnergyBoom">{{Cite news |last=Lim |first=Yvonne |date=July 12, 2017 |title=The Philippines is aiming for an energy boom with Duterte's latest reform |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/07/12/the-philippines-is-aiming-for-an-energy-boom-with-dutertes-latest-reform.html |access-date=March 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712073720/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/07/12/the-philippines-is-aiming-for-an-energy-boom-with-dutertes-latest-reform.html |archive-date=July 12, 2017}}</ref> Earlier in his term, Duterte stressed that ] remains the most viable source of energy if the Philippines is to accelerate industrialization,<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Dela Cruz |first1=Enrico |last2=Elona |first2=Julian |date=July 4, 2016 |title=New Philippine Energy Minister Says Can't Afford to Ditch Coal |work=] |url=https://jakartaglobe.id/business/new-philippine-energy-minister-says-cant-afford-ditch-coal/ |access-date=March 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020202354/https://jakartaglobe.id/business/new-philippine-energy-minister-says-cant-afford-ditch-coal/ |archive-date=October 20, 2020}}</ref> and questioned the ] imposed by the United States and European Union on smaller countries including the Philippines when the country's ] is not significant compared to the superpowers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 9, 2016 |title=Duterte: Green energy is good but we need coal |language=English |work=]|url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/114723/duterte-green-energy-is-good-but-we-need-coal- |access-date=March 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304091550/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/114723/duterte-green-energy-is-good-but-we-need-coal- |archive-date=March 4, 2022}}</ref> | |||
The administration shifted its energy policy to prefer ] later in Duterte's term.<ref name="PNAGovPH-ShiftToRenewable">{{Cite news |last=Crismundo |first=Kris |date=July 21, 2021 |title=DOE pushes shift to renewables during Duterte's term |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1147896 |access-date=March 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722091244/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1147896 |archive-date=July 22, 2021}}</ref> At his fourth ] in July 2019, Duterte issued an order to cut coal dependence and hasten a transition to ].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=dela Cruz |first1=Enrico |last2=Warrier |first2=Gopakumar |date=July 25, 2019 |title=Philippines readies new renewable energy policies to curb coal dependence |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-renewables-coal-idUSKCN1UK1CN |access-date=March 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725131802/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-renewables-coal-idUSKCN1UK1CN |archive-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 29, 2019 |title=Duterte signals need for Philippines to cut coal dependence and fast-track renewables |language=en |work=Eco-Business |url=https://www.eco-business.com/news/duterte-signals-need-for-philippines-to-cut-coal-dependence-and-fast-track-renewables/ |access-date=March 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731045259/https://www.eco-business.com/news/duterte-signals-need-for-philippines-to-cut-coal-dependence-and-fast-track-renewables/ |archive-date=July 31, 2019}}</ref> In October 2020, the ] issued a ] on the construction of new ] and favored renewable energy sources.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Magtulis |first=Prinz |date=October 27, 2020 |title=Government ends energy neutrality, favors renewables ahead of boom |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2020/10/27/2052681/government-ends-energy-neutrality-favors-renewables-ahead-boom |access-date=April 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031055018/https://www.philstar.com/business/2020/10/27/2052681/government-ends-energy-neutrality-favors-renewables-ahead-boom |archive-date=October 31, 2020}}</ref> On February 28, 2022, Duterte issued an executive order approving the inclusion of ] in the country's energy mix.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Crismundo |first=Kris |date=March 3, 2022 |title=Duterte approves inclusion of nuclear power in PH energy mix |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1168931 |access-date=March 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304105921/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1168931 |archive-date=March 4, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 3, 2022 |title=Duterte signs EO outlining national policy on nuclear energy |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/business/2022/3/3/Duterte-EO-164-nuclear-energy-program.html |access-date=March 4, 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304110337/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/business/2022/3/3/Duterte-EO-164-nuclear-energy-program.html |archive-date=March 4, 2022}}</ref> | |||
To hasten the expansion of the nation's power capacity, Duterte established the inter-agency Energy Investment Coordinating Council tasked with simplifying and streamlining the approval process of big-ticket projects.<ref name="CNBC-EnergyBoom" /> On January 21, 2022, he signed a law promoting the use of ] systems in unserved and underserved areas to accelerate total electrification of the country.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Atienza |first=K.A.T. |date=January 24, 2022 |title=Duterte signs law to accelerate Philippines' total electrification |work=] |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/duterte-signs-law-to-accelerate-philippines-total-electrification/ |access-date=March 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124182031/https://www.bworldonline.com/duterte-signs-law-to-accelerate-philippines-total-electrification/ |archive-date=January 24, 2022}}</ref> The administration made initiatives to liberalize the energy sector,<ref name="PNAGovPH-ShiftToRenewable" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Petty |first=Martin |date=November 23, 2016 |title=Philippines president vows to free economy 'from clutches' of oligarchs |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-idUSKBN13I241 |access-date=March 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123184136/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-idUSKBN13I241 |archive-date=November 23, 2016 |quote=The outspoken, populist leader said it was high time to change regulations and liberalize sectors like energy, power and telecoms to make the country more competitive, and give Filipinos better services and a share of the wealth.}}</ref> allowing 100% foreign ownership in large-scale ] projects starting October 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cordero |first=Ted |date=November 1, 2020 |title=Philippines allows 100% foreign ownership in large-scale geothermal projects —Cusi |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/companies/761648/philippines-allows-100-foreign-ownership-in-large-scale-geothermal-projects-cusi/story/ |access-date=March 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101103201/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/companies/761648/philippines-allows-100-foreign-ownership-in-large-scale-geothermal-projects-cusi/story/ |archive-date=November 1, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cordero |first=Ted |date=October 31, 2020 |title=Right to develop Philippines' geothermal resources to be given thru open, competitive process —DOE |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/content/762186/right-to-develop-philippines-geothermal-resources-to-be-given-thru-open-competitive-process-doe/story/ |access-date=March 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101130238/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/content/762186/right-to-develop-philippines-geothermal-resources-to-be-given-thru-open-competitive-process-doe/story/ |archive-date=November 1, 2020}}</ref> | |||
Duterte signed the ] in March 2017, after initially having misgivings about the deal which he says might limit the country's industrialization.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Salaverria |first=Leila B. |date=March 2, 2017 |title=Duterte finally signs Paris Agreement on climate change |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/153030/duterte-finallly-signs-paris-agrement-climate-change |access-date=April 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301184506/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/153030/duterte-finallly-signs-paris-agrement-climate-change |archive-date=March 1, 2017}}</ref> The Agreement was ratified by the ] on March 15, 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Quismundo |first=Tarra |date=March 15, 2017 |title=Senate votes to ratify Paris climate pact |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/880813/senate-votes-to-ratify-paris-climate-pact |access-date=April 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322173237/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/880813/senate-votes-to-ratify-paris-climate-pact |archive-date=March 22, 2017}}</ref> Duterte said that rich countries producing the most ]s must pay smaller countries for damage caused by ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=April 19, 2022 |title=Rich countries must pay for climate change damage – Duterte |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1584618/rich-countries-must-pay-for-climate-change-damage-duterte |access-date=April 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418185825/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1584618/rich-countries-must-pay-for-climate-change-damage-duterte |archive-date=April 18, 2022}}</ref> | |||
====Government streamlining==== | |||
] in ] on July 24, 2016.]] | |||
Duterte introduced reforms to eliminate ] in the government,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=December 21, 2019 |title=Duterte wants completion of gov't transactions in hours |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1089276 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223070903/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1089276 |archive-date=December 23, 2019}}</ref> and ordered government agencies to remove all processes which are "redundant or burdensome" to the public.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aguilar |first=Krissy |date=February 27, 2020 |title=Duterte streamlines gov't processes, removes redundant functions |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1234079/duterte-orders-elimination-of-overregulation-to-hasten-govt-processes |access-date=March 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227151539/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1234079/duterte-orders-elimination-of-overregulation-to-hasten-govt-processes |archive-date=February 27, 2020}}</ref> Three weeks after assuming office, he issued his second executive order establishing ], allowing citizens to obtain documents and records from public offices under the ] to promote transparency in the government.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 24, 2016 |title=Duterte signs historic EO on Freedom of Information |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/07/24/1606146/duterte-signs-historic-eo-freedom-information |access-date=April 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725165636/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/07/24/1606146/duterte-signs-historic-eo-freedom-information |archive-date=July 25, 2016}}</ref><ref name="PNAGovPH-FOISuccessRate">{{Cite news |last=Cervantes |first=Filane Mikee |date=February 12, 2020 |title=PCOO eyes 80% success rate in eFOI requests by 2022 |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1093649 |access-date=October 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720004035/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1093649 |archive-date=July 20, 2020}}</ref> | |||
In May 2018, Duterte signed the Ease of Doing Business Act which aims to create a better business environment by reducing processing time, cutting bureaucratic red tape, and eliminating corrupt practices in all government agencies.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Musico |first=Jelly |date=May 28, 2018 |title=Duterte signs Ease of Doing Business law |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1036736 |access-date=March 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528180252/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1036736 |archive-date=May 28, 2018}}</ref><ref name="PIAGovPH-RA11032">{{Cite news |title=The ease of doing business under RA 11032 |language=en |work=] |url=https://pia.gov.ph/features/articles/1013993 |access-date=October 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028180451/https://pia.gov.ph/features/articles/1013993 |archive-date=October 28, 2020}}</ref> In December 2020, he enacted a law authorizing the President to expedite the processing and issuance of national and local permits, licenses, and certifications, by suspending its requirements, in times of ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=January 5, 2021 |title=Law allowing President to rush permits in nat'l emergency OK'd |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1141697 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105100949/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1126444 |archive-date=January 5, 2021}}</ref> | |||
Duterte institutionalized the ] in October 2016, allowing the public to report complaints on poor government front-line services and corrupt practices in all government agencies.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ranada |first=Pia |date=October 26, 2016 |title=Duterte signs EO for 8888 citizen complaint center |work=] |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/150383-duterte-executive-order-8888-hotline-citizen-complaint-center/ |access-date=April 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027150407/https://www.rappler.com/nation/150383-duterte-executive-order-8888-hotline-citizen-complaint-center/ |archive-date=October 27, 2016}}</ref> | |||
====Health care==== | |||
Duterte vowed to improve the ] system,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bajo |first=Anna Felicia |date=July 19, 2018 |title=Duterte vows to improve PHL's healthcare system |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/661124/duterte-vows-to-improve-phl-s-healthcare-system/story/ |access-date=April 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425070158/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/661124/duterte-vows-to-improve-phl-s-healthcare-system/story/ |archive-date=April 25, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Aguilar |first=Krissy |date=June 24, 2021 |title=Duterte vows to provide equitable healthcare service as he signs hospital bills |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1450841/duterte-vows-to-provide-equitable-healthcare-service-as-he-signs-hospital-bills |access-date=April 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624124925/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1450841/duterte-vows-to-provide-equitable-healthcare-service-as-he-signs-hospital-bills |archive-date=June 24, 2021}}</ref> certifying the Universal Healthcare Bill as an urgent measure as early as July 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=July 10, 2018 |title=Duterte certifies as urgent the Universal Health Care Bill |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1008752/duterte-certifies-as-urgent-the-universal-health-care-bill |access-date=April 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713190357/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1008752/duterte-certifies-as-urgent-the-universal-health-care-bill |archive-date=July 13, 2018}}</ref> In February 2019, he signed the Universal Health Care Act, which automatically enrolls all Filipinos under the ] ] program.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=February 20, 2019 |title=PRRD signs Universal Healthcare Care law |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1062520 |access-date=March 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222141957/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1062520 |archive-date=February 22, 2019}}</ref> He also enacted the National Integrated Cancer Control Act which establishes a "national integrated" program to control and prevent ] by making treatment more accessible and affordable,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roque |first=EJ |date=February 19, 2019 |title=Duterte signs Integrated Cancer Control law |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1062372 |access-date=March 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224003117/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1062372 |archive-date=February 24, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Placido |first=Dharel |date=February 19, 2019 |title=Duterte signs national integrated cancer control act |work=] |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/02/19/19/duterte-signs-national-integrated-cancer-control-act |access-date=April 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219183335/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/02/19/19/duterte-signs-national-integrated-cancer-control-act |archive-date=February 19, 2019}}</ref> and the Philippine Mental Health Law, which provides free ] down to the ] level while requiring hospitals to provide psychiatric, psychosocial and neurologic services.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Musico |first=Jelly |date=June 21, 2018 |title=Duterte signs Mental Health Law |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1039023 |access-date=March 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621124826/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1039023 |archive-date=June 21, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Auto |first=Hermes |date=June 21, 2018 |title=Duterte signs law providing free healthcare to Filipinos suffering from mental illnesses |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/duterte-signs-law-providing-free-healthcare-to-filipinos-suffering-from-mental |access-date=April 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911144826/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/duterte-signs-law-providing-free-healthcare-to-filipinos-suffering-from-mental |archive-date=September 11, 2018}}</ref> | |||
In December 2019, Duterte signed a law institutionalizing ]s in all hospitals run by the ], allowing indigent patients to efficiently access financial medical assistance from various government agencies.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=December 3, 2019 |title=PRRD signs Malasakit Center law |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1087835 |access-date=March 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204125400/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1087835 |archive-date=December 4, 2019}}</ref> | |||
Duterte ordered the full implementation of the ],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Viray |first=Patricia Lourdes |date=January 17, 2017 |title=Duterte signs EO to implement RH Law |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/01/11/1661456/duterte-signs-eo-implement-rh-law |access-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913192359/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/01/11/1661456/duterte-signs-eo-implement-rh-law |archive-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref> ] in public places nationwide,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Salaverria |first=Leila B. |date=May 19, 2017 |title=Duterte signs EO banning smoking nationwide |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/897714/duterte-signs-eo-banning-smoking-nationwide |access-date=March 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518210756/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/897714/duterte-signs-eo-banning-smoking-nationwide |archive-date=May 18, 2017}}</ref> and set a ] on select medicines.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=February 17, 2020 |title=Duterte signs EO on medicine price cap |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1094070 |access-date=March 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218165004/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1094070 |archive-date=February 18, 2020}}</ref> | |||
====Education==== | |||
Duterte signed the ] in August 2017, providing free college education in all ] nationwide.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=August 4, 2017 |title=Duterte signs into law bill granting free tuition in SUCs |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/920306/breaking-duterte-signs-law-granting-free-tuition-in-sucs |access-date=February 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804035732/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/920306/breaking-duterte-signs-law-granting-free-tuition-in-sucs |archive-date=August 4, 2017}}</ref> He signed a law establishing ] in the country, allowing foreign universities to offer degree programs in the Philippines in an effort to bring international quality standards and expertise into the country.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=September 25, 2019 |title=Duterte signs Transnational Higher Education Act into law |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1081474 |access-date=February 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228120410/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1081474 |archive-date=February 28, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Balinbin |first=Arjay L. |date=September 25, 2019 |title=Duterte signs law allowing foreign universities to offer degree programs in Philippines |work=] |publisher=BusinessWorld Publishing |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/duterte-signs-law-allowing-foreign-universities-to-offer-degree-programs-in-philippines/ |access-date=February 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926231840/https://www.bworldonline.com/duterte-signs-law-allowing-foreign-universities-to-offer-degree-programs-in-philippines/ |archive-date=September 26, 2019}}</ref> He also signed ] ]s for deserving students in state universities and colleges or partner private higher education institutions through the Doktor Para sa Bayan Act on December 23, 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=January 5, 2021 |title=Duterte signs Doktor Para sa Bayan Act |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1126403 |access-date=March 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105083230/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1126403 |archive-date=January 5, 2021}}</ref> | |||
Duterte approved in January 2021 a law institutionalizing the ] (ALS), providing free education to those out of school.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 5, 2021 |title=Duterte OKs Alternative Learning System Act |work=] |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/01/05/21/duterte-oks-alternative-learning-system-act |access-date=February 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122191137/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/01/05/21/duterte-oks-alternative-learning-system-act |archive-date=January 22, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cervantes |first=Filane Mikee |date=January 5, 2021 |title=Alternative learning system law 'a win for marginalized learners' |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1126452 |access-date=February 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105113033/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1126452 |archive-date=January 5, 2021}}</ref> In March 2022, he enacted a law granting inclusive education for learners with ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gita-Carlos |first=Ruth Abbey |date=March 15, 2022 |title=PRRD OKs inclusive education for learners with disabilities |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1169807 |access-date=March 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315122508/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1169807 |archive-date=March 15, 2022}}</ref> | |||
On June 9, 2020, Duterte signed a law establishing the country's first ] in ], ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rola |first=Alyssa |date=June 10, 2020 |title=Duterte signs law establishing National Academy of Sports |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/sports/2020/6/10/Duterte-signs-National-Academy-of-Sports-Act.html |access-date=February 28, 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109224229/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/sports/2020/6/10/Duterte-signs-National-Academy-of-Sports-Act.html |archive-date=November 9, 2020}}</ref> | |||
In July 2016, Duterte directed his peace process advisor for the CPP–NPA–NDF rebellion, ], to lead a government panel in resuming peace talks with the ] (CPP), the ] (NPA), and the ] (NDF) in ], Norway, expressing hope that a ] between the rebellions would be reached within a year.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Macas|first1=Trisha|title=PHL hopes for peace deal with CPP-NPA-NDF within a year|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/578539/news/nation/phl-hopes-for-peace-deal-with-cpp-npa-ndf-within-a-year|accessdate=August 24, 2016|work=]|date=August 22, 2016}}</ref> The first talks began on August 22–26, 2016, where the parties agreed upon were "the affirmation of previously signed agreements, the reconstitution of the Joint Agreement on Safety and Immunity Guarantees which 'protects the rights of negotiators, consultants, staffers, security and other personnel involved in peace nogtiations,'<ref>{{cite web|title=Joint Agreement on Safety and Immunity Guarantees (JASIG)|url=http://www.ndfp.org/joint-agreement-on-safety-and-immunity-guarantees-jasig/|publisher=]|accessdate=August 24, 2016|date=February 23, 1995}}</ref> and the accelerated progress for negotiations."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sabillo|first1=Kristine Angeli|title=PH-NDF panels fast-track peace talks|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/809282/ph-ndf-panels-fast-track-peace-talks|accessdate=August 24, 2016|work=]|date=August 24, 2016}}</ref> | |||
===Foreign policy=== | ===Foreign policy=== | ||
{{see also|List of international presidential trips made by Rodrigo Duterte}} | |||
] heads of states, holding hands as a symbol of unity, ], ], September 7, 2016]] | |||
] in ], May 2017]] | |||
The Duterte administration has vowed to pursue an "independent foreign policy" that would reject any meddling by foreign governments, reiterating ], Section 7 of the 1987 Constitution which states: "The State shall pursue an independent foreign policy. In its relations with other states the paramount consideration shall be national ], ], ], and the right to ]."<ref name="independent foreign policy"/> In September 2016, Duterte said: "We will observe and must insist on the time-honored principle of sovereignty, sovereign equality, non-interference and the commitment of peaceful settlements of dispute that will serve our people and protect the interests of our country."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Francisco|first1=Katerina|title=Duterte: PH to pursue independent foreign policy|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/145759-duterte-philippines-independent-foreign-policy|accessdate=September 10, 2016|work=]|date=September 10, 2016}}</ref> | |||
] in Manila, November 2017]] | |||
The Duterte administration has vowed to pursue what it describes as an "independent foreign policy" that would reject any meddling by foreign governments, reiterating ], Section 7 of the 1987 Constitution which states: "The State shall pursue an independent foreign policy. In its relations with other states the paramount consideration shall be national ], ], ], and the right to ]." In September 2016, Duterte said: "We will observe and must insist on the time-honored principle of sovereignty, sovereign equality, non-interference and the commitment of peaceful settlements of dispute that will serve our people and protect the interests of our country."<ref name="independent foreign policy2"/> | |||
Duterte made his first international trips as president to ], Laos and ], Indonesia on September 5–9, 2016.<ref>{{ |
Duterte made his first international trips as president to ], ] and ], ] on September 5–9, 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nicolas |first=Fiona |date=September 5, 2016 |title=Duterte heads to Laos for ASEAN summit |work=] |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/09/05/Duterte-heads-to-Laos-Asean-summit.html |access-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-date=November 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119104735/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/09/05/Duterte-heads-to-Laos-Asean-summit.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
Duterte pursued improved relations with ] and ],<ref name="Storey-2017">{{Cite journal |last=Storey |first=Ian |date=June 12, 2017 |title=Duterte's Moscow Visit Advances Philippine and Russian Foreign Policy Goals |url=https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/ISEAS_Perspective_2017_40.pdf |journal=Perspective |location=Singapore |publisher=] |issue=2017 |pages=1–2 |issn=2335-6677 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011104601/https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/ISEAS_Perspective_2017_40.pdf |archive-date=October 11, 2021 |access-date=April 25, 2022}}</ref> and lessened the country's dependence on its traditional ally – the ].<ref name="Diplomat-ForeignPolicy">{{Cite news |last=Galang |first=Mico A. |date=April 6, 2017 |title=US, China, and Duterte's 'Independent Foreign Policy' |work=The Diplomat |url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/04/us-china-and-dutertes-independent-foreign-policy/ |access-date=June 1, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Hendler-2018">{{Cite journal |last=Hendler |first=Bruno |date=September 3, 2018 |title=Duterte's Pivot to China, and Prospects for Settling the South China Sea Disputes |url=https://www.scielo.br/j/cint/a/7HM7FmzZ7qVBrCWyFRkzXdK/?format=pdf&lang=en |journal=Contexto Internacional |volume=40 |issue=2 |page=326 |doi=10.1590/S0102-8529.2018400200005 |s2cid=149738997 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425053045/https://www.scielo.br/j/cint/a/7HM7FmzZ7qVBrCWyFRkzXdK/?format=pdf&lang=en |archive-date=April 25, 2022 |access-date=April 25, 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> He has adopted a cautious, pragmatic, and conciliatory stance towards China compared to his predecessor,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Liu |first1=Fu-Kuo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=py5qDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA101 |title=South China Sea Lawfare: Post-Arbitration Policy Options and Future Prospects |last2=Zou |first2=Keyuan |last3=Wu |first3=Shicun |last4=Spangler |first4=Jonathan |date=April 20, 2017 |publisher=South China Sea Think Tank |isbn=978-986-92828-3-3 |page=101 |language=en |access-date=March 17, 2022}}</ref> and has set aside the ] confrontational policy of asserting the Philippines' ] over the ] and its islands.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shoji |first1=Tomotaka |last2=Tomikawa |first2=Hideo |title=Chapter 5; Southeast Asia: Duterte Takes Office, South China Sea in Flux |url=http://www.nids.mod.go.jp/english/publication/east-asian/pdf/2017/east-asian_e2017_05.pdf |journal=East Asian Strategic Review |language=English |publisher=National Institute for Defense Studies |issue=2017 |page=4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822162448/http://www.nids.mod.go.jp/english/publication/east-asian/pdf/2017/east-asian_e2017_05.pdf |archive-date=August 22, 2017 |access-date=April 25, 2022}}</ref> | |||
====South China Sea==== | |||
{{further information|Territorial disputes in the South China Sea}} | |||
On July 12, 2016, the ] tribunal in ] announced its ruling in favor of the Philippines in ] filed under the ] administration in 2013 against China on issues regarding the ] under the provisions of the ], including the latter's ] claim which the tribunal ruled had no legal basis.<ref name="nyt"/> Three days after, during a testimonial dinner in ], Duterte asked former President ] to lead the Philippine envoy to ] for bilateral negotiations with China over the disputes.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ramos|first1=Marlon|title=Duterte asks FVR to head negotiations with China, says 'war not an option'|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/141178/duterte-war-with-china-not-an-option-fvr-asked-to-head-negotiations|accessdate=August 15, 2016|work=]|date=July 15, 2016}}</ref> Ramos accepted the offer on July 23.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nawal|first1=Allan|title=Ramos accepts Duterte offer to become special envoy to China|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/141772/ramos-accepts-duterte-offer-to-become-special-envoy-to-china|accessdate=August 18, 2016|work=]|date=July 23, 2016}}</ref> During his first ] on July 25, Duterte said that his administration "strongly affirms and respects" the ruling and would use it as a guide to negotiate for a resolution on the territorial disputes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Philippines' Duterte insists on using arbitral ruling vs. China|url=http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/International-Relations/Philippines-Duterte-insists-on-using-arbitral-ruling-vs.-China|accessdate=August 15, 2016|agency=]|via='']''|date=July 26, 2016}}</ref> Duterte prefers to discuss the issue quietly and directly with China and has vowed not to raise the issue before the ].<ref>{{cite news|title=Manila will not raise sea row with China at ASEAN meeting|url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/08/18/1614811/manila-will-not-raise-sea-row-china-asean-meeting|accessdate=August 19, 2016|agency=]|via='']''|date=August 18, 2016}}</ref><ref name=Globalnationsalaverria>{{cite news|last1=Salaverria|first1=Leila|title=Duterte won't press ASEAN on sea dispute with China|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/142893/duterte-wont-press-asean-on-sea-dispute-with-china|accessdate=August 19, 2016|work=]|date=August 17, 2016}}</ref> Duterte said "he would not want to antagonize China" and "We maintain good relations with China. Let us create an environment where we sit down and talk directly."<ref name=Globalnationsalaverria/> | |||
Militant groups decry the ties between President Duterte and China over the Chinese occupation of contested waters and the reported harassment of the fishermen amidst the ] in the ].<ref name="chinaduterte42">{{Cite news |title=Pagdami ng Chinese workers, isa sa isyu sa Bonifacio Day |date=November 30, 2018 |publisher=] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSfQwu4EBn0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/wSfQwu4EBn0 |archive-date=December 19, 2021 |via=]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Activists mark 'Day of Valor' with anti-China protests {{!}} ANC |date=April 9, 2019 |publisher=] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nmsXzBmslvI |via=]}}</ref> Also, while the United States is one of the countries critical to Philippine drug war campaign,<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 5, 2016 |title=Obama cancels meeting with 'colorful' Philippine president, who now expresses regret… |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/09/05/philippine-president-threatens-to-curse-out-obama-obama-calls-him-a-colorful-guy/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=September 5, 2016 |title=After cursing Obama, Duterte expresses regret… |publisher=] |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/09/05/politics/philippines-president-rodrigo-duterte-barack-obama/}}</ref><ref>See the following citations: | |||
On October 12, Duterte declared his intention to terminate joint US–Philippine naval patrols in the South China Sea, which he believes could needlessly antagonize China.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=‘About time we change rules’: Philippines’ Duterte vows to chart independent foreign policy |url=https://www.rt.com/news/362589-duterte-us-philippines-patrols/ |newspaper=RT |date=October 13, 2016<!--on-line date, print date October 13, 2016--> |access-date=October 13, 2016 }}</ref> His reticent approach with China contrasts with his otherwise "belligerent rhetoric and swaggering persona"; he has received support to some political ads from an anonymous Chinese donor.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=The Philippines under Rodrigo Duterte |url=http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21707167-new-president-may-undo-economic-gains-recent-years-sceptred-bile |newspaper=The Economist |date=September 14, 2016<!--on-line date, print date September 17, 2016--> |access-date=September 16, 2016 }}</ref> | |||
{{bulleted list|.|.}}</ref> most of the militant groups<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ayalin |first=Adrian |date=November 14, 2017 |title=ASEAN protests end with burning of US flag in Mendiola |work=] |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/11/14/17/asean-protests-end-with-burning-of-us-flag-in-mendiola |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114131159/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/11/14/17/asean-protests-end-with-burning-of-us-flag-in-mendiola |archive-date=November 14, 2017}}</ref> – particularly left-wing groups<ref name="MilleniumPost">{{Cite news |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Women's group in Manila burns US flag with Trump's face |language=en |work=Millennium Post |url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/world/womens-group-in-manila-burns-us-flag-with-trumps-face-218996 |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426072654/http://www.millenniumpost.in/world/womens-group-in-manila-burns-us-flag-with-trumps-face-218996 |archive-date=April 26, 2022}}</ref> – also criticize Philippine-US relations due to the United States' "]"<ref name="MilleniumPost" /><ref>(from 0:24) Damay din ang pati watawat ng Amerika, dahil imperyalista rin daw sila. | |||
====United States==== | |||
{{see also|Philippines–United States relations}} | |||
], July 26, 2016]] | |||
On September 12, 2016, Duterte said that he is "not a fan of the Americans" and wants to "reorient" foreign policy with the United States. He requested that ] in Mindanao should leave the Philippines, specifically those who are part of the ], saying that it would "inflame the situation with the ]."<ref name="aljazeera">{{cite news|last1=Regencia|first1=Ted|title=Duterte to US forces: Get out of southern Philippines|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/09/duterte-forces-southern-philippines-160913003704576.html|accessdate=October 1, 2016|work=]|date=September 13, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Placido |first=Dharel |date=September 12, 2016 |title=Duterte: US forces in Mindanao must go|url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/09/12/16/duterte-us-forces-in-mindanao-must-go |newspaper=ABS-CBN News |access-date=September 30, 2016 }}</ref> Duterte said on September 13 that he does not plan to cut ties with the United States, but wants to reiterate the administration's pursuit of an "independent foreign policy" in accordance with the Constitution. The administration will continue to honor mutual agreements like the ] and the ].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Romero|first1=Alexis|title=Philippines not cutting ties with US – Duterte|url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/09/14/1623667/philippines-not-cutting-ties-us-duterte|accessdate=October 1, 2016|work=]|date=September 14, 2016}}</ref> On September 20, Duterte said "I never said get out of the Philippines, for after all, we need them there in the China Sea. We don’t have armaments."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Salaverria|first1=Leila|title=Duterte changes tune: We need US after all|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/145192/duterte-changes-tune-need-us|accessdate=October 1, 2016|work=]|date=September 21, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Mendez|first1=Christina|title=We need US for South China Sea – Duterte|url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/09/21/1625911/we-need-us-south-china-sea-duterte|accessdate=October 1, 2016|work=]|date=September 21, 2016}}</ref> | |||
</ref> and ] policies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Militants protest Trump visit |url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2017/11/13/militants-protest-trump-visit |access-date=January 13, 2019 |work=] |language=en-US |archive-date=March 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329172600/https://news.mb.com.ph/2017/11/13/militants-protest-trump-visit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
On September 27, Duterte vowed not to allow the U.S. government to interfere with the policies of his administration. He criticized the U.S. government for "lecturing" his administration on ] amidst their campaign on illegal drugs and said that he will "] with the U.S." Duterte added that he plans to forge "new alliances" with China and Russia in trade and commerce.<ref>{{cite news|title=Duterte vows to open up trade, commerce with China, Russia|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/duterte-vows-to-open-up-trade-commerce-with-china-russia/|accessdate=October 9, 2016|agency=]|via='']''|date=September 27, 2016}}</ref> ] spokesperson Mark Toner responded to Duterte's criticisms by saying that the Philippine–U.S. relations could still remain "strong and unabated" despite Duterte's criticisms.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cabacungan|first1=Gil|title=Duterte seeks alliances with China and Russia|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/145595/duterte-seeks-alliances-with-china-and-russia|accessdate=October 9, 2016|work=]|date=September 28, 2016}}</ref> The following day, while addressing the Filipino community in ], Duterte said that the ] ]s and the joint naval patrols in the South China Sea between the Philippines and the U.S. in October would be "its last" in order to avoid provoking conflict with China.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rodrigo Duterte to end joint US and Philippine military drills|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/29/rodrigo-duterte-to-end-joint-us-and-philippine-military-drills|accessdate=October 1, 2016|agency=]|via='']''|date=September 29, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Aurelio|first1=Julie|title=Duterte out to end war games with US|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/145777/duterte-out-to-end-war-games-with-us|accessdate=October 1, 2016|work=]|date=September 30, 2016}}</ref> | |||
=== Administration and cabinet === | |||
On October 5, Duterte accused the U.S. of refusing to sell armaments to the Philippines and said that he would rather purchase armaments from China and Russia.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Krishnamoorthy|first1=Nandini|title=Duterte snubs US again, says he would rather go to Russia and China for purchasing arms|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/duterte-snubs-us-again-says-he-would-rather-go-russia-china-purchasing-arms-1584867|accessdate=October 9, 2016|work=]|date=October 5, 2016}}</ref> In an attempt to repair relations with the U.S., Duterte's Defense Secretary, ], said Duterte was "misinformed" about the U.S. alliance: "Maybe, the defense ministry and the armed forces were remiss in providing him the correct information."<ref>{{cite news|title=Philippine defense chief says Duterte may be 'misinformed' on U.S. alliance|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-usa-military-idUSKCN1251B5|accessdate=October 6, 2016|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> | |||
{{Main|List of administration members in the presidency of Rodrigo Duterte}} | |||
] | |||
{{excerpt|Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte|Administration and cabinet|only=paragraph}} | |||
===2022 Philippine presidential election=== | |||
==Controversy and criticism== | |||
{{Further|Ronald dela Rosa and Bong Go 2022 presidential campaigns}} | |||
{{Criticism section|date=October 2016}} | |||
], who filed his certificate of candidacy for vice president on October 2, 2021.]] | |||
In early September 2015, an infamous incident was reported of a tourist being forced to swallow his own cigarette butt in a local bar in Davao City after the tourist refused to comply with the public anti-smoking ordinance of the city. Duterte was personally contacted by the bar owner and went into the bar and forced the tourist to swallow his cigarette butt. Duterte was then met with criticisms especially from the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2016/104625-duterte-forces-tourist-swallow-cigarette-butt|title=Duterte forces smoking tourist to swallow cigarette butt|work=Rappler}}</ref> | |||
Initially stating that he "sees nobody deserving" to replace him as the next president,<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 9, 2021 |title=Duterte 'sees nobody deserving' as next Philippine President, says he is ready to retire |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/duterte-sees-nobody-deserving-as-next-philippine-president-says-he-is-ready-to-retire |access-date=October 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609130947/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/duterte-sees-nobody-deserving-as-next-philippine-president-says-he-is-ready-to-retire |archive-date=June 9, 2021 |issn=0585-3923}}</ref> Duterte in August 2021 announced he would run for vice president in the upcoming ],<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Yap |first1=Cecilia |last2=Calonzo |first2=Andreo |date=June 16, 2021 |title=Duterte Says Running for Vice President is a 'Good Idea' |work=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-06-16/duterte-says-running-for-philippine-vice-president-a-good-idea |url-status=live |access-date=June 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220808130835/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-06-16/duterte-says-running-for-philippine-vice-president-a-good-idea |archive-date=August 8, 2022}}</ref> drawing suspicions from critics that he would extend his term.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 24, 2021 |title=Philippines' Duterte Raises Rivals' Suspicions by Seeking Vice Presidency in 2022 |work=] |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2021-08-24/philippines-duterte-accepts-endorsement-to-run-as-vice-president-in-2022 |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426082930/https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2021-08-24/philippines-duterte-accepts-endorsement-to-run-as-vice-president-in-2022 |archive-date=April 26, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2021 |title=Duterte confirms he'll run for Philippines VP next year |url=https://apnews.com/article/health-coronavirus-pandemic-philippines-a2baadec81c6a7042c0d829b15630696 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825073536/https://apnews.com/article/health-coronavirus-pandemic-philippines-a2baadec81c6a7042c0d829b15630696 |archive-date=August 25, 2021 |access-date=August 25, 2021 |publisher=Associated Press}}</ref> Duterte's political party, the PDP–Laban Cusi faction, named its ]: former ] chief and Senator ],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=October 8, 2021 |title='Bato' dela Rosa is Cusi wing PDP-Laban's standard-bearer for 2022 polls |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1499224/bato-is-cusi-wing-pdp-labans-standard-bearer-for-2022-polls |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008093010/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1499224/bato-is-cusi-wing-pdp-labans-standard-bearer-for-2022-polls |archive-date=October 8, 2021}}</ref> who was widely suspected to be a placeholder for Duterte's daughter, Davao City mayor ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=October 19, 2021 |title=Bato, suspected to be a placeholder, agrees to amend substitution rule |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1503654/bato-dela-rosa-suspected-to-be-a-placeholder-agrees-to-amend-substitution-rule |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019014553/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1503654/bato-dela-rosa-suspected-to-be-a-placeholder-agrees-to-amend-substitution-rule |archive-date=October 19, 2021}}</ref> Duterte later withdrew his candidacy, announced his retirement from politics, and had his long-time aide, Senator ], substitute him.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yumol |first=David Tristan |date=October 2, 2021 |title=Duterte announces retirement from politics |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/10/2/Duterte-retirement-politics.html |access-date=October 2, 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002083502/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/10/2/Duterte-retirement-politics.html |archive-date=October 2, 2021}}</ref> | |||
Referring to the arrest of a suspected rice smuggler, Duterte spoke out in the state senate saying, "If this guy would go to Davao and starts to unload (smuggled rice)… I will gladly kill him." For these comments, Duterte was attacked in an editorial in '']'', which condemned "the mentality of lawlessness and vigilantism."<ref name="The Manila Times 3">{{cite web|title=Duterte and the Law Enforcers' Code of Ethics|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/duterte-and-the-law-enforcers-code-of-ethics/73513/|website=Manila Times |publisher=Manila Times|accessdate=September 6, 2014}}</ref> The newspaper argued that this culture of impunity enabled those in power, including officials, "private warlords and businessmen vigilantes" to take retribution against those they felt had acted against their interests: "They kill journalists exposing corruption and human rights activists exposing abusive police and military men."<ref name="The Manila Times 3" /> Following Duterte's comments in relation to killing a person suspected of smuggling rice, the office of the President of the Philippines issued a statement saying, "Killing a person is against the law. The President has been firm in the belief that no one is above the law. We must not resort to extralegal methods."<ref name="Manila Times 4">{{cite web|title=Palace, CBCP, rights activists gang up on Davao mayor|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/palace-cbcp-rights-activists-gang-up-on-davao-mayor/73307/|website=www.manilatimes.net|publisher=Manila Times|accessdate=September 6, 2014}}</ref> | |||
Despite polls showing she was the preferred candidate for presidency, Sara unexpectedly decided to settle for the vice presidential race.<ref name="Inquirer-ShowOfDismay" /> This prompted dela Rosa to withdraw his candidacy, which Go would later fill in.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yumol |first=David Tristan |date=November 13, 2021 |title=Bato Dela Rosa withdraws from 2022 presidential race |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/11/13/bato-dela-rosa-withdraws-2022-presidential-race.html |access-date=April 26, 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113084143/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/11/13/bato-dela-rosa-withdraws-2022-presidential-race.html |archive-date=November 13, 2021}}</ref> Sara's move had Duterte dismayed and he initially retracted his planned retirement, announcing he would run for vice president.<ref name="Inquirer-ShowOfDismay">{{Cite news |last=Fernandez |first=Daniza |date=November 14, 2021 |title=Duterte's possible VP run a show of dismay for Sara Duterte's candidacy |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1514702/dutertes-possible-vp-run-a-show-of-dismay-for-sara-dutertes-candidacy |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114062807/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1514702/dutertes-possible-vp-run-a-show-of-dismay-for-sara-dutertes-candidacy |archive-date=November 14, 2021}}</ref> Ultimately, he decided not to face his daughter, endorsed a Go-Sara tandem, and declared his intent on running as Senator.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=November 15, 2021 |title=Duterte to run for senator in 2022 – Bong Go |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1515218/duterte-to-run-for-senator-in-2022-bong-go |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115083416/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1515218/duterte-to-run-for-senator-in-2022-bong-go |archive-date=November 15, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=November 17, 2021 |title=Duterte endorses Bong Go-Inday Sara tandem in meeting with lawmakers |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1516272/duterte-endorses-bong-go-sara-duterte-tandem-in-meeting-with-lawmakers |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117060724/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1516272/duterte-endorses-bong-go-sara-duterte-tandem-in-meeting-with-lawmakers |archive-date=November 17, 2021}}</ref> In an unexpected turn of events, Sara decided ] with ], who announced his presidential candidacy.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mercado |first=Neil Arwin |date=November 16, 2021 |title=It's official: Bongbong Marcos, Sara Duterte running in tandem in 2022 elections |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1515954/breaking-its-official-bongbong-inday-sara-running-as-tandem-for-2022 |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116153120/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1515954/breaking-its-official-bongbong-inday-sara-running-as-tandem-for-2022 |archive-date=November 16, 2021}}</ref> Stating his heart and mind contradicted his actions, Go later withdrew his presidential candidacy;<ref>{{Cite news |last=Torregoza |first=Hannah |date=November 30, 2021 |title=Bong Go backs out of May 2022 presidential race |work=] |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/11/30/bong-go-backs-out-of-may-2022-presidential-race/ |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130045646/https://mb.com.ph/2021/11/30/bong-go-backs-out-of-may-2022-presidential-race/ |archive-date=November 30, 2021}}</ref> shortly after, Duterte officially withdrew his senate bid.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 14, 2021 |title=Duterte withdraws from 2022 Senate race |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/12/14/Duterte-withdraws-Senate-2022-bid.html |access-date=April 26, 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214084232/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/12/14/Duterte-withdraws-Senate-2022-bid.html |archive-date=December 14, 2021}}</ref> | |||
In October 2016, the French newspaper '']'' depicted Duterte as a “serial killer president,” pertaining to the spate of drug-related killings in the Philippines. Presidential Spokesperson ] said in a radio interview that the newspaper's tag on Duterte as a serial killer was "very unfair" and "irresponsible".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/146418/french-paper-banners-duterte-as-serial-killer-president |title=French paper banners Duterte as ‘serial killer president’ |author=Gonzales, Yuji Vincent |website=Inquirer.net |date=October 9, 2016 |accessdate=October 12, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/palace-hits-french-dailys-serial-killer-tag-on-duterte/ |title=Palace hits French daily’s “serial killer” tag on Duterte |author=Kabiling, Genalyn |work=] |date=October 9, 2016 |accessdate=October 12, 2016}}</ref> | |||
] as a ] user and "very weak leader".<ref>{{cite news |title=Vera Files Fact Check: Duterte walks back on declaring Marcos Jr. a 'capable' successor |url=https://verafiles.org/articles/vera-files-fact-check-duterte-walks-back-declaring-marcos-jr |access-date=November 2, 2024 |work=] |date=December 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202123253/https://verafiles.org/articles/vera-files-fact-check-duterte-walks-back-declaring-marcos-jr |archive-date=December 2, 2021}}</ref>]] | |||
===International stage=== | |||
In 1995, after ], a Filipino, was executed in ] after confessing to a double murder, Duterte, as Davao City mayor, allegedly burned a ] (though this claim was later denied) and joined 1,000 employees of Davao City in protest.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shenon|first1=Philip|title=Outcry Mounts In Philippines Over Hanging|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/22/world/outcry-mounts-in-philippines-over-hanging.html|work=]|accessdate=May 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Dancel|first1=Raul|title=Spokesman for Rodrigo Duterte says remarks on burning Singapore flag made 'jokingly'|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/spokesman-for-rodrigo-duterte-says-remarks-on-burning-singapore-flag-made-jokingly|website=]|accessdate=May 7, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Due to his high popularity, Duterte remained influential before the national elections as several presidential candidates were open to his endorsement.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Manahan |first=Job |date=March 22, 2022 |title=Palace: Presidential bets still seeking Duterte's endorsement |work=] |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/22/22/palace-presidential-bets-still-seeking-dutertes-endorsement |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017011757/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/22/22/palace-presidential-bets-still-seeking-dutertes-endorsement |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |access-date=April 26, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mendoza |first=John Eric |date=March 23, 2022 |title=Isko still hopeful of Duterte's endorsement despite PDP-Laban backing of Marcos Jr. |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1572649/isko-moreno-still-hopeful-of-dutertes-endorsement-despite-pdp-laban-backing-of-marcos-jr |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323112348/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1572649/isko-moreno-still-hopeful-of-dutertes-endorsement-despite-pdp-laban-backing-of-marcos-jr |archive-date=March 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 16, 2022 |title=VP spox: Robredo to welcome Duterte endorsement provided 'it's not transactional' |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/3/16/Robredo-Duterte-endorsement-not-transactional.html |access-date=April 26, 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317102159/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/3/16/Robredo-Duterte-endorsement-not-transactional.html |archive-date=March 17, 2022}}</ref> As the Cusi faction was left without a standard bearer following Go's withdrawal, allies of Duterte endorsed different candidates. The Cusi faction eventually endorsed presidential candidate Marcos and some officials called for Duterte to do the same.<ref name="Inquirer-PDPLabanEndorse">{{Cite news |last=Fernandez |first=Daniza |date=March 31, 2022 |title=After PDP-Laban endorsement of Marcos Jr., Duterte insists neutrality |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1576494/after-pdp-laban-endorsement-of-marcos-jr-duterte-insists-neutrality-in-next-elections |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331134935/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1576494/after-pdp-laban-endorsement-of-marcos-jr-duterte-insists-neutrality-in-next-elections |archive-date=March 31, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Galvez |first=Daphne |date=March 23, 2022 |title=Adviser urges Duterte: Endorse Marcos, he is the best to protect you |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1572438/adviser-urges-duterte-endorse-marcos-he-is-the-best-to-protect-you |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323052339/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1572438/adviser-urges-duterte-endorse-marcos-he-is-the-best-to-protect-you |archive-date=March 23, 2022}}</ref> Stressing he would remain neutral, Duterte refused to heed their calls and insisted on endorsing only Sara as vice president and 17 senatorial candidates.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Geducos |first=Argyll Cyrus |date=April 2, 2022 |title=Duterte endorses Sara's VP candidacy |work=] |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/04/02/duterte-endorses-saras-vp-candidacy/ |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402015603/https://mb.com.ph/2022/04/02/duterte-endorses-saras-vp-candidacy/ |archive-date=April 2, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Israel |first=Dale G. |date=April 2, 2022 |title=Duterte endorses 17 senatorial bets |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1576947/duterte-endorses-17-senatorial-bets |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402001917/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1576947/duterte-endorses-17-senatorial-bets |archive-date=April 2, 2022}}</ref> Additionally, in an effort to protect their integrity, Duterte barred his Cabinet members from campaigning for any candidate.<ref name="MB-CabinetBannedCampaigning">{{Cite news |last=Geducos |first=Argyll Cyrus |date=February 26, 2022 |title=Duterte: Cabinet members, except Cusi, banned from campaigning |work=] |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/26/duterte-cabinet-members-except-cusi-banned-from-campaigning/ |access-date=May 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310065154/https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/26/duterte-cabinet-members-except-cusi-banned-from-campaigning/ |archive-date=March 10, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Valente |first=Catherine S. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=Duterte will not endorse presidential bet |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/04/07/news/national/duterte-will-not-endorse-presidential-bet/1839151 |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406161025/https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/04/07/news/national/duterte-will-not-endorse-presidential-bet/1839151 |archive-date=April 6, 2022}}</ref> Despite non-endorsement, Duterte hinted on the next president's preferred qualities: decisive, compassionate, a good judge of a person, and preferably, a lawyer;<ref name="Inquirer-PDPLabanEndorse" /> this led a PDP-Laban official to believe Duterte gave a "virtual endorsement" for Vice President ], who was Marcos' chief rival in the presidential race.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Galvez |first1=Daphne |title=Evardone's endorsement of Robredo has Duterte's blessing |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1569159/evardones-endorsement-of-robredo-has-dutertes-blessing |access-date=July 28, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=March 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316051051/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1569159/evardones-endorsement-of-robredo-has-dutertes-blessing |archive-date=March 16, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> In March 2022, Go said Duterte briefly met with Marcos and gave him advice on the presidency, but could not say whether Duterte gave Marcos an endorsement.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Felipe |first=Cecille Suerte |date=March 25, 2022 |title=Duterte, Marcos Talk, But No Endorsement – Go |work=] |url=https://www.onenews.ph/articles/duterte-marcos-talk-but-no-endorsement-go |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327141847/https://www.onenews.ph/articles/duterte-marcos-talk-but-no-endorsement-go |archive-date=March 27, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Inquirer-PDPLabanEndorse" /> | |||
Internationally, Duterte is known as the "dirty mouth" president.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/09/06/the-son-of-whore-story-is-about-so-much-more-than-dutertes-dirty-mouth/|title=The ‘son of a whore’ story is about so much more than Duterte’s dirty mouth|work=washingtonpost.com|accessdate=September 17, 2016}}</ref> He had, however, promised to behave in a "prim and proper" manner on the national and international stage once he is inaugurated as President, to the point that, "almost, I would become holy."<ref>Bencito, J. P., Araneta, S. & Araja, R. N. (May 11, 2016). Duterte starts searching for Cabinet men. ''The Standard''. Retrieved from http://www.thestandard.com.ph/news/-main-stories/top-stories/205335/duterte-starts-searching-for-cabinet-men.html.</ref> | |||
]'s oath of office as vice president in Davao City on June 19, 2022.]] | |||
In July 2016, Duterte accused the ] and the ] of importing ] to the Middle East through its interventions, saying: "The U.S. destroyed the Middle East. ... Great Britain and the U.S. will not admit that they forced their way to Iraq and killed Saddam. Look at Iraq now. Look what happened to Libya. Look what happened to Syria."<ref name="XinhuaNet">{{cite news|title=Philippine president accuses U.S. of "importing" terrorism to Middle East|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-07/09/c_135500521.htm|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=Xinhua|date=July 9, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710150334/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-07/09/c_135500521.htm|archivedate=July 10, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Nikkei-Accuses">{{cite news|last1=Flores|first1=Mikhail|title=Duterte accuses US of 'importing' terrorism|url=http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/Policy-Politics/Duterte-accuses-US-of-importing-terrorism|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=Nikkei|date=July 9, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913224519/http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/Policy-Politics/Duterte-accuses-US-of-importing-terrorism|archivedate=September 13, 2016}}</ref> | |||
By May 5, 2022, Duterte created ] led by Executive Secretary ] to oversee the transition of power to the next administration.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=May 5, 2022 |title=Duterte creates Palace transition team |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1592547/duterte-creates-palace-transition-team |access-date=May 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504222554/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1592547/duterte-creates-palace-transition-team |archive-date=May 4, 2022}}</ref> Several analysts believe Duterte had his popularity "inherited" by Marcos and Sara, who both won ] in the election.<ref name="ABSCBN-DutertePopularity">{{Cite news |last=Manahan |first=Job |date=May 10, 2022 |title=Duterte's popularity, regionalism crystalized votes for Marcos Jr., Sara Duterte: analysts |work=] |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/spotlight/05/10/22/solid-north-solid-south-solidified-votes-for-marcos-jr-sara-duterte |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512182350/https://news.abs-cbn.com/spotlight/05/10/22/solid-north-solid-south-solidified-votes-for-marcos-jr-sara-duterte |archive-date=May 12, 2022}}</ref> | |||
In August 2016, Duterte was criticized after he made a ] comment (using a Tagalog language slur) about the US Ambassador to the Philippines ], stating "As you know, I'm fighting with (US Secretary of State ]'s) ambassador. His gay ambassador, the son of a whore. He pissed me off. Duterte added: "He meddled during the elections, giving statements here and there. He was not supposed to do that." The U.S. State Department summoned the Filipino chargé d'affaires Patrick Chuasoto to discuss Duterte's comments.<ref name="TheGuardianCom-Insults">{{cite news|title=Philippines' Rodrigo Duterte insults US envoy with homophobic slur|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/10/philippines-leader-calls-us-ambassador-gay-son-of-a-whore-prompting-summons|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=The Guardian|agency=Agence France-Presse|publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited|date=August 10, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913145519/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/10/philippines-leader-calls-us-ambassador-gay-son-of-a-whore-prompting-summons|archivedate=September 13, 2016}}</ref> Duterte refused to apologize.<ref name="TheGuardianCom-NotSorry">{{cite news|title=Philippines: Rodrigo Duterte not sorry for calling US envoy a 'gay son of a whore'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/13/philippines-rodrigo-duterte-not-sorry-for-calling-us-envoy-a-gay-son-of-a-whore|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=Guardian News and Media Limited|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=August 12, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913145516/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/13/philippines-rodrigo-duterte-not-sorry-for-calling-us-envoy-a-gay-son-of-a-whore|archivedate=September 13, 2016}}</ref> | |||
===Impeachment efforts=== | |||
In the same month, ] human rights experts called for an end to extrajudicial killings of suspected drug dealers, about 900 of whom had been executed since the May election, accusing Duterte of "incitement to violence and killing, a crime under international law".<ref name=un>{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-37147630 |title=Philippines' Rodrigo Duterte threatens to leave UN |work=BBC |date=August 21, 2016 |accessdate=August 23, 2016 }}</ref> In response, Duterte threatened to ] and form a separate organization with China and African nations. He announced in a news conference on August 19: "You now, United Nations, if you can say one bad thing about me, I can give you 10 . I tell you, you are an ''inutil (useless in filipino street language.)''. Because if you are really true to your mandate, you could have stopped all these wars and killing ." Asked about possible repercussions, he stated: "What is ... repercussions? I don't give a shit to them." He said that the UN had acted against protocol: "You do not just go out and give a shitting statement against a country."<ref name=Reuters/> | |||
{{Main|Efforts to impeach Rodrigo Duterte}} | |||
{{excerpt|Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte|Impeachment attempt}} | |||
==Post-presidency (2022–present)== | |||
], Duterte criticizes ] ] for planning to discuss the Philippine Drug War.]] | |||
At the end of his presidency, Duterte returned to Davao City and kept a low profile.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Valente |first1=Catherine S. |title=Citizen Duterte flies home to Davao City |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/07/01/news/national/citizen-duterte-flies-home-to-davao-city/1849380 |access-date=May 17, 2023 |work=] |date=July 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630173153/https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/07/01/news/national/citizen-duterte-flies-home-to-davao-city/1849380 |archive-date=June 30, 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="PublicusAsia-TopsVoters" /> Former President ], a political ally of Duterte, convinced him in September 2023 to actively participate in the Philippine political landscape.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bordey |first1=Hana |title=Gloria Arroyo confirms urging ex-President Duterte to be active again in politics |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/881884/gloria-arroyo-confirms-urging-ex-president-rodrigo-duterte-to-be-active-again-in-politics/story/ |access-date=November 9, 2023 |work=] |date=September 12, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> In January 2023, Duterte resumed hosting his weekly show, {{lang|ceb|]}} (From the Masses, For The Masses), on ]; co-hosted by Duterte's friend and spiritual adviser Pastor ], Duterte would speak about current political issues besetting the country.<ref name="SunStar-GikanSaMasa">{{cite news |last1=Llemit |first1=Ralph Lawrence G. |title=Ex-Pres. Duterte's 'Gikan sa Masa, Para sa Masa' returns |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1950794/davao/local-news/ex-pres-dutertes-gikan-sa-masa-para-sa-masa-returns |access-date=May 17, 2023 |work=] |date=January 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116030628/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1950794/davao/local-news/ex-pres-dutertes-gikan-sa-masa-para-sa-masa-returns |archive-date=January 16, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Some of Duterte's strong statements in the show, such as his opposition to the expansion of the ] (EDCA) sites in the Philippines, attracted attention and were covered by the media.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Colina |first1=Antonio IV |title=Ex-President Duterte says Chinese envoy told him PH will be 'target' if it aids US in attacking China |url=https://mb.com.ph/2023/6/28/ex-president-duterte-says-chinese-envoy-told-him-ph-will-be-target-if-it-aids-us-in-attacking-china |access-date=July 26, 2024 |work=] |date=June 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629114631/https://mb.com.ph/2023/6/28/ex-president-duterte-says-chinese-envoy-told-him-ph-will-be-target-if-it-aids-us-in-attacking-china |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Llemit |first1=Ralph Lawrence G. |title=Ex-pres Duterte: ICC's drug war probe an insult to PH |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/ex-pres-duterte-iccs-drug-war-probe-an-insult-to-ph |access-date=July 26, 2024 |work=] |publisher=SunStar Publishing Inc. |date=February 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726153831/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/ex-pres-duterte-iccs-drug-war-probe-an-insult-to-ph |archive-date=July 26, 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Colina |first1=Antonio IV |title=Ex-President Duterte Warns Implication Of US Access To PHL Military Bases |url=https://mindanews.com/top-stories/2023/06/ex-president-duterte-warns-implication-of-us-access-to-phl-military-bases/#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=July 26, 2024 |work=] |date=June 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613150841/https://mindanews.com/top-stories/2023/06/ex-president-duterte-warns-implication-of-us-access-to-phl-military-bases/#gsc.tab=0 |archive-date=June 13, 2023}}</ref> | |||
At the 2016 ], Duterte and ] ] planned to meet with each other.<ref name= curses>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/09/05/politics/philippines-president-rodrigo-duterte-barack-obama |last1 = McKenzie |first1 = Sheena |last2 = Liptak |first2 = Kevin |title=Philippines leader curses Obama; White House cancels meeting |work = ] |date=September 6, 2016 |accessdate=September 6, 2016}}</ref> The United States said that President Obama planned to discuss the 2,400 Filipinos who died during Duterte's war or drugs.<ref name= curses/> Duterte criticized the planned topic of the meeting, saying, "I am no American ]. I am the president of a sovereign country and I am not answerable to anyone except the Filipino people. You must be respectful. Do not just throw away questions and statements. Son of a whore, I will curse you in that forum."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-06/obama-calls-off-planned-talks-with-duterte/7817454 | title=Barack Obama scraps planned talks with Rodrigo Duterte over 'son of whore' slur |work = ] |date=September 6, 2016 |accessdate=September 6, 2016}}</ref> The United States canceled the meeting. During a press conference at the ] in China, President Obama discussed the cancellation of the meeting, saying: "I always want to make sure that if I'm having a meeting, that it's actually productive and we're getting something done."<ref>{{cite news |title=Obama cancels meeting with Philippines president after Duterte calls US leader 'son of a b****' |url=http://www.cnbc.com/2016/09/05/obama-cancels-meeting-with-philippines-president-after-duterte-calls-us-leader-son-of-a-b.html |accessdate=September 6, 2016 |work=] |publisher=] |date=September 6, 2016}}</ref> Obama and Duterte later met informally.<ref>"". ''The Hindu.'' September 8, 2016.</ref> | |||
===2023 visit to China=== | |||
On September 30, 2016, Duterte appeared to compare himself with ], saying: "Hitler massacred three million Jews. Now, there are 3 million drug addicts. ... I'd be happy to slaughter them."<ref>{{cite news|title=Duterte: Hitler killed millions of Jews, I will kill millions of drug addicts |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/09/29/duterte-hitler-killed-3-million-jews-i-will-kill-3-million-drug-dealers/ |work=]|date=September 30, 2016}}</ref> His remarks drew international outrage particularly from the Jewsih Communities. ] president Ronald S. Lauder condemned the statement<ref>http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/philippines-president-rodrigo-duterte-compares-himself-hitler-50687</ref> ]'s Foreign Ministry also condemned his remarks.<ref>Foreign Ministry say | |||
] on August 2, 2023.]] | |||
read more: http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.745454</ref><ref>http://bigstory.ap.org/article/356cce99bee6464695ebb02b10ae98aa/israel-condemns-philippines-president-invoking-hitler</ref> Germany’s government slammed Duterte’s comments as unacceptable, and called in the Philippine ambassador to the Foreign Ministry over the matter.<ref>http://www.cbsnews.com/news/philippine-president-rodrigo-duterte-apologizes-comparing-himself-to-hitler/</ref> | |||
On October 2 he apologized to the Jewish community.<ref>{{cite news|title=Philippines' Duterte apologizes to Jewish community after Nazi remarks |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-hitler-idUSKCN1220H9 |publisher=Reuters |date=October 2, 2016}}</ref> | |||
In July 2023, amid ], Chinese President ] invited Duterte to Beijing. During the meeting, Xi asked Duterte to "play an important role" in improving Philippine-China relations, which were rapidly deteriorating under the Marcos administration that sought to gravitate towards the United States by expanding the number of bases American troops can access under the EDCA.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sim |first1=Dewey |title=Xi's surprise meeting with Duterte the latest bid to improve ties with Manila |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3228126/xis-surprise-meeting-duterte-latest-bid-improve-ties-manila |access-date=July 19, 2023 |work=] |date=July 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719160457/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3228126/xis-surprise-meeting-duterte-latest-bid-improve-ties-manila |archive-date=July 19, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> As the meeting did not involve the Marcos administration, the event gained much attention, and the administration wanted details of the Xi-Duterte discussion.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sadongdong |first1=Martin |title=Gibo hopes Duterte pushed for PH interests in meeting with Xi |url=https://mb.com.ph/2023/7/21/gibo-hopes-duterte-pushed-for-ph-interests-in-meeting-with-xi |access-date=July 26, 2024 |work=] |date=July 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722134929/https://mb.com.ph/2023/7/21/gibo-hopes-duterte-pushed-for-ph-interests-in-meeting-with-xi |archive-date=July 22, 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Lazaro |first1=Jacob |last2=Corrales |first2=Nestor |title=Marcos hopes Duterte, Xi talked about China's actions in WPS |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/216699/marcos-hopes-duterte-xi-talked-about-chinas-actions-in-wps |access-date=July 26, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=July 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719025056/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/216699/marcos-hopes-duterte-xi-talked-about-chinas-actions-in-wps |archive-date=July 19, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Duterte visited Malacanang Palace later and, in a closed-door session, discussed the matter with Marcos, though no further details were provided to the media.<ref>{{cite news |title=PBBM meets former President Duterte in Malacañang |url=https://mirror.pco.gov.ph/news_releases/pbbm-meets-former-president-duterte-in-malacanang/ |access-date=August 3, 2023 |work=] |date=August 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803200548/https://mirror.pco.gov.ph/news_releases/pbbm-meets-former-president-duterte-in-malacanang/ |archive-date=August 3, 2023}}</ref> | |||
In September 2016, Duterte said that the United States has not even apologized to the Philippines for its atrocities during the ].<ref name= "aljazeera"/> In October 2016, Duterte continued his tirade against the US and the European Union saying in Tagalog that "Mr. Obama, you can go to hell. EU, better choose purgatory. Hell is already full. Why should I be afraid of you?"<ref>http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/10/05/duterte-tells-obama-go-to-hell.html</ref> | |||
===Feud with the House and Marcos-Duterte rift=== | |||
Duterte's constant cursing had local officials worried that the Philippines would lose foreign aid from the United States and European Union. He responded that “If you think it is high time for you guys to withdraw your assistance, go ahead. We will not beg for it. We have a problem here trying to preserve our society" he said. The President continued that he would “be the first to go hungry. I will be the first one to die of hunger". Local actress ] responded in Tagalog "First of all, no one’s trying to fight you. As a matter of fact, you’re the one who’s picking a fight. Secondly, the country where you are elected as President by 16 million out of 100+ million is Third World. You talk as if the Philippines is a superpower. Excuse me, we don’t want to go hungry. If you want, you do it yourself. Leave us out of it. So many people have nothing to eat, and yet you’ll starve us even further".<ref>http://entertainment.inquirer.net/203552/actress-agot-isidro-calls-duterte-psychopath-palace-reacts</ref> Her sentiments were echoed by Senator ] adding that "if the economy worsen, the entire Filipino people will be affected, they will go hungry as well".<ref>http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/584800/news/nation/lacson-agrees-with-agot-on-duterte-kung-gusto-mo-magutom-magutom-ka-mag-isa</ref> | |||
A rift between the Duterte and Marcos families had begun under ] ]' leadership.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Morella |first1=Cecil |title=Marcos, Duterte supporters rally in Philippines as family rift deepens |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/01/28/24/marcos-duterte-supporters-rally-in-philippines-as-family-rift-deepens |access-date=January 29, 2024 |work=] |agency=] |date=January 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128063406/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/01/28/24/marcos-duterte-supporters-rally-in-philippines-as-family-rift-deepens |archive-date=January 28, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> In the House of Representatives, unconfirmed reports of Deputy House Speaker Gloria-Macapagal Arroyo allegedly attempting to unseat Romualdez as House Speaker circulated. Despite Arroyo dismissing the accusations, Arroyo was later demoted by the House from her senior deputy Speaker position.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peralta-Malonzo |first1=Third Anne |title=Arroyo denies 'coup plot' against Romualdez |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/local-news/arroyo-denies-coup-plot-against-romualdez |access-date=July 26, 2024 |work=] |date=May 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20240726120705/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/local-news/arroyo-denies-coup-plot-against-romualdez |archive-date=July 26, 2024 |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Andrade |first1=Jeannette I. |title=Sudden demotion: Pampanga Rep. Gloria Arroyo loses 'senior' House rank |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1771200/sudden-demotion-pampanga-rep-gloria-arroyo-loses-senior-house-rank |access-date=July 26, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=May 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519003903/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1771200/sudden-demotion-pampanga-rep-gloria-arroyo-loses-senior-house-rank |archive-date=May 19, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
Duterte's daughter, Vice President and Education Secretary Sara, subsequently resigned from the Romualdez-led ]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sevillano |first1=Stephanie |title=VP Sara resigns as Lakas-CMD member |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1201803 |access-date=July 26, 2024 |work=] |date=May 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519055118/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1201803 |archive-date=May 19, 2023}}</ref> and, in a veiled reference to Romualdez, called him a "tambaloslos".<ref>{{cite news |title=Sara Duterte explains tambaloslos remark |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/872763/sara-duterte-explains-tambaloslos-remark/story/ |access-date=July 26, 2024 |work=] |date=June 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612145415/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/872763/sara-duterte-explains-tambaloslos-remark/story/ |archive-date=June 12, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> In October 2023, Sara requested Congress for the allocation of confidential funds for the ] (OVP) and the ] which can be used for the ] program. Her requests came under intense scrutiny by the Senate and also the House, which was dominated by Romualdez' allies. Congress ultimately rejected her appeals<ref name="PhilStar-SaraConfidentialFunds" /> while swiftly approving the confidential funds of the ];<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cruz |first1=RG |title=House panel OKs Marcos office's budget with no questions asked; surveillance funds intact |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/09/05/23/house-panel-oks-marcos-offices-budget-with-no-questions-asked |access-date=November 5, 2023 |work=] |date=September 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060228/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/09/05/23/house-panel-oks-marcos-offices-budget-with-no-questions-asked |archive-date=September 5, 2023}}</ref> Sara eventually dropped her requests, reasoning that the move was being "divisive".<ref name="VPGivesUpFunds">{{Cite news |last=Gascon |first=Melvin |date=November 10, 2023 |title=VP Duterte gives up seeking P650M in secret funds |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1857675/sara-gives-up-seeking-p650m-in-secret-funds |access-date=January 31, 2024 |newspaper=]}}</ref> | |||
=== Catholic Church === | |||
Unlike many prominent ] politicians,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/206612/news/nation/rep-pacquiao-opposes-rh-bill-condom-use |title=Rep. Pacquiao opposes RH bill, condom use |website=] |date=November 22, 2010 |accessdate=September 24, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/16/manny-pacquiao-gay-marriage-leviticus-examiner_n_1521747.html |title=Manny Pacquiao Against Same-Sex Marriage But Never Said Gay People ‘Must Be Put To Death’ |website=] |date=May 16, 2012 |accessdate=September 24, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://opinion.inquirer.net/33859/the-church-gma-and-the-rh-bill |title=The Church, GMA, and the RH bill |website=Inquirer.net |date=August 1, 2012 |accessdate=September 24, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/16987-enrile-our-biggest-export-is-ofws-that-s-why-im-against-rh-bill |title=Enrile: 'Our biggest export is OFWs. That's why I'm against RH bill' |author=Macaraig, Ayee |website=] |date=November 29, 2012 |accessdate=September 24, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/10596-the-7-deadly-sins-of-the-rh-bill-â%80%93-sotto |title=The 7 Deadly Sins of the RH bill, according to Sotto |author=Macaraig, Ayee |website=] |date=August 16, 2012 |accessdate=September 24, 2016}}</ref> Duterte has spoken in favor of birth control<ref name="anticleric">{{cite news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=May 22, 2016 |title=Duterte defies Catholic Church's belief on family planning |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/786977/duterte-defies-catholic-churchs-belief-on-family-planning |website=] |accessdate=July 13, 2016}}</ref> and LGBT rights,<ref>{{cite news|last=Adel |first=Rossette |date=July 13, 2015 |title=Duterte declares support for gay marriage, LGBT rights |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/07/13/1476508/duterte-declares-support-gay-marriage-lgbt-rights |website=] |accessdate=July 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ranada |first=Pia |date=January 21, 2016 |title=Duterte: Bible should say 'Adam, Eve, gays' |url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2016/119717-rodrigo-duterte-lgbt-same-sex-marriage |website=] |accessdate=July 22, 2016}}</ref> contrary to the teachings of the Catholic Church.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20030731_homosexual-unions_en.html|title=Considerations Regarding Proposals to Give Legal Recognition to Unions between Homosexual Persons|last=Ratzinger|first=Joseph|authorlink=Pope Benedict XVI|date=June 3, 2003|website=The ]|publisher=|access-date=June 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a6.htm#III |title=Catechism of the Catholic Church 2nd Edition Paragraph 2366 |publisher=Vatican |accessdate=March 20, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304123934/http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a6.htm |archivedate=March 4, 2009}}</ref> | |||
In the aftermath of events, Duterte criticized the House<ref>{{cite news |last1=Banzuelo |first1=Neil |title=Duterte hits House after OVP is stripped of confidential funds |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/the-nation/2023/10/11/551142/duterte-hits-house-after-ovp-is-stripped-of-confidential-funds/ |access-date=November 9, 2023 |work=] |date=October 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012024353/https://www.bworldonline.com/the-nation/2023/10/11/551142/duterte-hits-house-after-ovp-is-stripped-of-confidential-funds/ |archive-date=October 12, 2023}}</ref> for denying his daughter's confidential funds; alleging a collusion between Romualdez and the left-wing ] bloc,<ref name="PhilStar-SaraConfidentialFunds">{{cite news |last1=Regalado |first1=Edith |title=Duterte defends Sara on confidential funds |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/10/12/2303080/duterte-defends-sara-confidential-funds |access-date=October 25, 2023 |work=] |date=October 12, 2023}}</ref> he demanded an ] of the House under Romualdez.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Quismorio |first1=Ellson |title=Lakas-CMD membership in House continues to grow at the expense of PDP-Laban |url=https://mb.com.ph/2023/11/13/lakas-cmd-membership-in-house-continues-to-grow-at-the-expense-of-pdp-laban |access-date=November 24, 2023 |work=] |date=November 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124093008/https://mb.com.ph/2023/11/13/lakas-cmd-membership-in-house-continues-to-grow-at-the-expense-of-pdp-laban |archive-date=November 24, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Duterte's comments offended some House members<ref name="Inquirer-HouseFinds" /> including Romualdez,<ref>{{cite news |last1=LLanesca T. |first1=Panti |title=Speaker vows fight vs. those who malign House; deputy tags Duterte |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/887447/romualdez-vows-to-fight-those-who-will-malign-dictate-upon-house/story/ |access-date=November 24, 2023 |work=] |date=November 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107030135/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/887447/romualdez-vows-to-fight-those-who-will-malign-dictate-upon-house/story/ |archive-date=November 7, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> prompting the House to issue a loyalty check ] in support of Romualdez; Duterte's political allies, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo and Congressman ], were later expelled by the House from their Deputy House Speaker positions for failing to sign the House resolution.<ref name="CNNPH-MoreTectonicShifts">{{cite news |last1=Galang |first1=Bamba |title=Political analyst: More 'tectonic shifts' seen in House as 2025 polls approach |url=http://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2023/11/9/analyst-house-of-representatives-changes-2025-elections.html |access-date=November 9, 2023 |work=] |date=November 9, 2023 |archive-date=November 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109174124/http://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2023/11/9/analyst-house-of-representatives-changes-2025-elections.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Several House members also pledged support for Romualdez,<ref name="CNNPH-MoreTectonicShifts" /> including a majority of members of Duterte's political party, ], who ] mostly to the Romualdez-led ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Panti |first1=Llanesca T. |title=7 lawmakers from Duterte-chaired PDP-Laban defect to Romualdez-led Lakas CMD |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/888304/7-lawmakers-from-duterte-chaired-pfp-laban-defect-to-romualdez-led-lakas-cmd/story/ |access-date=November 25, 2023 |work=] |date=November 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115195416/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/888304/7-lawmakers-from-duterte-chaired-pfp-laban-defect-to-romualdez-led-lakas-cmd/story/ |archive-date=November 15, 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Quismorio |first1=Ellson |title=Duterte party down to 15 House members; solon says number will drop further |url=https://mb.com.ph/2023/11/14/duterte-party-down-to-15-house-members-solon-says-number-will-drop-further |access-date=November 24, 2023 |work=] |date=November 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116152208/https://mb.com.ph/2023/11/14/duterte-party-down-to-15-house-members-solon-says-number-will-drop-further |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> After ] Representative ] of the ] pushed to remove the OVP and education department's confidential funds, Duterte urged Sara to reveal the use of such funds, which included the supposed killing of communists such as Castro.<ref name="Inquirer-HouseFinds">{{cite news |last1=Lalu |first1=Gabriel Pabico |title=House reps find Duterte's tirades offensive, a serious attack – secretary general |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1846755/house-secgen-says-lawmakers-offended-considers-dutertes-tirades-a-serious-attack |access-date=November 9, 2023 |newspaper=] |date=October 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016205137/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1846755/house-secgen-says-lawmakers-offended-considers-dutertes-tirades-a-serious-attack |archive-date=October 16, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> In response, Castro filed a legal case against Duterte for labeling her as a communist rebel and allegedly threatening her life;<ref>{{cite news |last1=Torres-Tupas |first1=Tetch |title=Rep. Castro files complaint vs ex-president Duterte over death threat |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1850139/criminal-complaint-vs-ex-pres-duterte#ixzz8H1GuUijt |access-date=October 25, 2023 |newspaper=] |date=October 24, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Castro's legal case was later denied by the Quezon City Prosecutor’s Office due to insufficient evidence.<ref>{{cite news |title=Castro's grave threats complaint vs. Duterte junked |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2024/1/12/castro-grave-threats-complaint-vs-duterte-junked.html |access-date=January 13, 2024 |work=] |date=January 12, 2024 |archive-date=January 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112113947/http://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2024/1/12/castro-grave-threats-complaint-vs-duterte-junked.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
Duterte was accused of having cursed ] during the ] because it caused ], though he immediately apologized publicly, explaining he wasn't cursing the Pope but rather the government's way of preparing the Pope's visit.<ref name="Rappler-CursesPope">{{cite news|last1=Ranada|first1=Pia|title=Duterte curses Pope Francis over traffic during his visit|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2016/114481-rodrigo-duterte-curses-pope-francis|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=Rappler|date=November 30, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510100518/http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2016/114481-rodrigo-duterte-curses-pope-francis|archivedate=May 10, 2016}}</ref> On December 4, 2015, Duterte along with his executive assistant Bong Go, visited and talked with ] Romulo Valles and Bishop George Rimando, together with Monsignor Paul Cuison to get lectured on Christian Values. Duterte committed to lessen his profanity in public gatherings and even assured that he would donate ₱1,000 to Caritas Davao every time he swears in public. He also stated that he will be planning to visit the ] at a later time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tesiorna |first=Ben |date=December 4, 2015 |title=I will donate P1,000 to Caritas Davao per curse word, Duterte says|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2015/12/04/rodrigo-duterte-donates-P1000-per-curse.html|newspaper=] |location= |access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref> Duterte however cancelled his planned trip and instead wrote a letter to Pope Francis dated January 21, 2016. During a campaign rally in ], Duterte's camp showed the letter coming from the Vatican's Secretariat of State, signed by ] dated February 24, stating that Pope Francis had received his letter and that the Vatican appreciated Duterte's apology after allegedly cursing Pope Francis in public.<ref name="CNNPhilippines-VaticanAppreciates">{{cite news|title=Vatican 'appreciates' Duterte’s apology after cursing Pope Francis|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/04/04/vatican-rodrigo-duterte-apology-cursing-pope-francis.html|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=CNN Philippines|publisher=CNN Philippines Staff|date=April 4, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427205320/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/04/04/vatican-rodrigo-duterte-apology-cursing-pope-francis.html|archivedate=April 27, 2016}}</ref> | |||
===SMNI suspension and ICC investigation=== | |||
On August 28, 2016, ], the Archbishop of Manila, acknowledged that people were right to be "worried about extrajudicial killing". He said that it was equivalent to abortion, "unfair labor practices", "wasting food" and selling illegal drugs, explaining that these are all "form of murder".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/144517-philippines-cardinal-tagle-extrajudicial-killings-war-drugs|title=Cardinal Tagle breaks silence: Condemn murder |author=Macaraig, Ayee |publisher=Rappler |date=August 29, 2016 |accessdate=September 24, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Despite sustained domestic popularity,<ref name="ManilaTimes-Tops2025SenateBets" /><ref name="PublicusAsia-Pahayag" /> Duterte found himself increasingly politically isolated. SMNI, which hosted his talk show '']'', was later suspended (first for 30 days,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cariaso |first1=Bella |title=NTC makes 30-day SMNI suspension indefinite |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/01/23/2327810/ntc-makes-30-day-smni-suspension-indefinite |access-date=January 31, 2024 |work=] |date=January 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123052813/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/01/23/2327810/ntc-makes-30-day-smni-suspension-indefinite |archive-date=January 23, 2024}}</ref> and later indefinitely)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bautista |first1=Jane |title=SMNI asks Supreme Court to stop indefinite suspension |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1896725/smni-asks-sc-to-stop-indefinite-suspension |access-date=January 31, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=January 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131151201/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1896725/smni-asks-sc-to-stop-indefinite-suspension |archive-date=January 31, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> by the ] on grounds of alleged dissemination of fake information.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sarao |first1=Zacarian |title=NTC suspends SMNI operations for 30 days |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1878035/ntc-suspends-smni-operations-for-30-days |access-date=December 21, 2023 |newspaper=] |date=December 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221151115/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1878035/ntc-suspends-smni-operations-for-30-days |archive-date=December 21, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Gikan was also suspended after ACT Teachers Representative France Castro filed a complaint against Duterte for allegedly threatening her life during one of the shows.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Subingsubing |first1=Krixia |last2=Cruz |first2=Marinel |title=2 SMNI shows suspended, Duterte's 'Gikan' included |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1877501/2-smni-shows-suspended-dutertes-gikan-included |access-date=December 21, 2023 |newspaper=] |date=December 20, 2023 |archive-date=December 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219233810/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1877501/2-smni-shows-suspended-dutertes-gikan-included |language=en}}</ref> Duterte initially intended to speak to Marcos about the SMNI suspension issue as it has affected his talk show,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fernandez |first1=Rhoel |title=Ex-President Duterte wishes to talk to President Marcos Jr 'indirectly' over SMNI probe |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/893349/ex-president-duterte-wishes-to-talk-to-president-marcos-jr-indirectly-over-smni-probe/story/ |access-date=January 31, 2024 |work=] |date=January 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108011037/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/893349/ex-president-duterte-wishes-to-talk-to-president-marcos-jr-indirectly-over-smni-probe/story/ |archive-date=January 8, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> decrying the suspension as ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Pagsuspinde sa 'Gikan sa Masa, Para sa Masa', matinding paglabag sa constitutional rights −FPRRD |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ju_5WtMolQ4 |website=] |publisher=] |access-date=December 21, 2023 |language=fil, en |at=1:50–2:16}}</ref> Additionally, the ], who opposed Marcos' 2022 presidential campaign, were increasingly silent in criticizing the Marcos administration, instead, directing criticism at Duterte and his daughter, Vice President Sara.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bautista |first1=Nillicent |title=De Lima: Marcos administration 'breathing room' from Duterte's 'authoritarian regime' |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/02/24/2335789/de-lima-marcos-administration-breathing-room-dutertes-authoritarian-regime |access-date=July 26, 2024 |work=] |date=February 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726140104/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/02/24/2335789/de-lima-marcos-administration-breathing-room-dutertes-authoritarian-regime |archive-date=July 26, 2024}}</ref> Duterte and his former aide, Senator ], also faced alleged plunder charges initiated in July 2024 by Duterte's staunch critic, former Senator Antonio Trillanes.<ref>{{cite news |last1= Torres-Tupas|first1=Tech |title=Trillanes files plunder, graft raps vs ex-President Duterte, Bong Go|url= https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1958217/trillanes-on-duterte|accessdate=July 5, 2024 |newspaper= ]|date=July 5, 2024}}</ref> | |||
On August 31, in a speech before a gathering of a religious group in Davao City, Duterte said that he once considered being a priest: "It's good I didn't join the priesthood," said Duterte, "or else now I would be a homosexual."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/144893-philippines-president-rodrigo-duterte-considered-being-priest |last=Ranada |first=Pia |title=Duterte: I once considered being a priest |website=Rappler |date=September 1, 2016 |accessdate=September 2, 2016}}</ref> | |||
The Marcos administration also was seen as altering its stance, albeit discreetly, on controversial issues hounding Duterte.<ref name="Politiko-IsangSalita" /> Despite Marcos' early assurance of the Philippines' non-cooperation on the looming ] (ICC) investigation on Duterte's war on drugs, conflicting statements and moves by House Speaker Romualdez,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cervantes |first1=Filane Mikee |title=House tackling ICC resolution just 'a matter of course' |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1214266 |access-date=November 24, 2023 |work=] |date=November 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123141816/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1214266 |archive-date=November 23, 2023}}</ref> the House,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lalu |first1=Gabriel Pabico |title=Lagman on reso urging PH cooperation with ICC: We're not putting anyone on trial |url=https://globalnation.inquirer.net/223182/lagman-on-reso-urging-ph-cooperation-with-icc-were-not-putting-anyone-on-trial |access-date=November 24, 2023 |newspaper=] |date=November 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124090323/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/223182/lagman-on-reso-urging-ph-cooperation-with-icc-were-not-putting-anyone-on-trial |archive-date=November 24, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Marcos' Justice Secretary ] and Solicitor General ] muddled the administration's official stance.<ref name="Bolledo-2023">{{cite news |last1=Bolledo |first1=Jairo |title=Remulla says Marcos gov't to discuss rejoining ICC |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/remulla-says-marcos-government-discuss-rejoining-icc/ |access-date=July 26, 2024 |work=] |date=November 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123141638/https://www.rappler.com/philippines/remulla-says-marcos-government-discuss-rejoining-icc/ |archive-date=November 23, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Galvez |first1=Daphne |title=Remulla To Ask Palace If Phl Is Rejoining ICC |url=https://www.onenews.ph/articles/remulla-to-ask-palace-if-phl-is-rejoining-icc |access-date=July 26, 2024 |work=] |date=November 24, 2023}}</ref> In addition, Marcos limited his position on the matter through oral statements and avoided issuing an executive order formalizing his stance.<ref name="Politiko-IsangSalita">{{cite news |title=Walang isang salita! Harry Roque slams Marcos' flip-flopping but wants help vs ICC |url=https://politiko.com.ph/2024/02/17/walang-isang-salita-harry-roque-slams-marcos-flip-flopping-but-wants-help-vs-icc/daily-feed/ |access-date=July 26, 2024 |work=] |date=February 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726142455/https://politiko.com.ph/2024/02/17/walang-isang-salita-harry-roque-slams-marcos-flip-flopping-but-wants-help-vs-icc/daily-feed/ |archive-date=July 26, 2024 |language=en, fil}}</ref> There were also unconfirmed reports, including by former Senator Antonio Trillanes, stating that ICC members had already entered the Philippines and were already secretly conducting the investigation.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Torres-Tupas |first1=Tetch |title=Trillanes: ICC expected to issue arrest warrant vs Duterte by June or July |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1937985/trillanes-icc-expected-to-issue-warrant-vs-duterte-by-june-or-july#:~:text=Trillanes%3A%20ICC%20expected%20to%20issue,Duterte%20by%20June%20or%20July&text=MANILA%20CITY%2C%20Philippines%20%E2%80%94%20The%20International,Antonio%20Trillanes%20IV%20said%20Tuesday. |access-date=July 26, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=May 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507150625/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1937985/trillanes-icc-expected-to-issue-warrant-vs-duterte-by-june-or-july |archive-date=May 7, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> A House probe initiated in April 2024 by Romualdez into a "status quo" agreement in the South China Sea Duterte made during his presidency with Chinese president Xi Jinping was also seen as a "political payback" to Duterte's verbal attacks on Marcos and diminish Duterte's political influence ahead of the 2025 midterm elections.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robles |first1=Alan |title=South China Sea: probe into Duterte-Xi pact sparks rumours of political payback |url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3260980/probe-duterte-over-south-china-sea-pact-xi-jinping-seen-possible-political-payback |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=] |date=May 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240501024548/https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3260980/probe-duterte-over-south-china-sea-pact-xi-jinping-seen-possible-political-payback |archive-date=May 1, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Amidst growing isolation, Duterte found allies who were previously loyal to Marcos. Among them were Marcos' longtime lawyer, ], who served as executive secretary in Marcos' first 79 days before resigning;<ref>{{cite news |title=Marcos' ex-ES Vic Rodriguez in Cebu for Rody Duterte-led prayer rally |url=https://politiko.com.ph/2024/02/25/marcos-ex-es-vic-rodriguez-in-cebu-for-rody-duterte-led-prayer-rally/politiko-lokal/ |access-date=July 26, 2024 |work=] |date=February 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726142947/https://politiko.com.ph/2024/02/25/marcos-ex-es-vic-rodriguez-in-cebu-for-rody-duterte-led-prayer-rally/politiko-lokal/ |archive-date=July 26, 2024}}</ref> and Marcos' sister, Senator ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Abarca |first1=Charie |title=Imee Marcos to back Rodrigo Duterte '…even if I'm the only one left' |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1856783/imee-marcos-to-back-rodrigo-duterte-even-if-im-the-only-one-left |access-date=July 26, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=November 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108074738/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1856783/imee-marcos-to-back-rodrigo-duterte-even-if-im-the-only-one-left |archive-date=November 8, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
=== Rape comments === | |||
On April 12, 2016, Duterte told supporters that, as Mayor, he thought he "should have been first" to rape Jacqueline Hamill, an Australian missionary who was ]d and killed during the ]. He recalled examining her corpse: "When the bodies were brought out, they were wrapped. I looked at her face, son of a bitch, she looks like a beautiful American actress."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2016/129784-viral-video-duterte-joke-australian-woman-rape|title= VIRAL: Video of Duterte joking about raped Australian woman|publisher='']''|date=April 17, 2016|accessdate=April 17, 2016}}</ref> After being condemned widely by many which include various women's groups and the Australian Ambassador to the Philippines, Duterte later apologized for the incident and acknowledged the comment as a "bad remark" saying he regretted his "gutter language" but would not apologize for being misinterpreted. He insists though that the remark was not a "joke" as reported by some media outlets, saying that he stated it in a narrative. He further said that he was not apologizing for stating the remark reasoning that he made the remark out of "utter anger" when he recalled the events.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/779919/rivals-slam-duterte-for-distasteful-rape-joke |title= Rivals slam Duterte for 'distasteful' rape joke|publisher='']''|date=April 17, 2016|accessdate=April 17, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ranada|first1=Pia|title=Duterte: Not sorry for rape remark, that's how I speak|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2016/129844-duterte-reaction-rape-joke-australian-woman|accessdate=April 18, 2016|publisher=Rappler|date=April 17, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-18/rodrigo-duterte-hits-back-back-as-rape-remark-sparks-fury/7333532|title=Rodrigo Duterte: Philippines presidential candidate hits back as rape remark sparks fury|work=ABC News}}</ref> | |||
===Quiboloy's arrest order and Duterte as KOJC administrator=== | |||
His daughter Sara subsequently announced on social media that she was a rape victim. He said that he doubted her story, jokingly referring to her as a "drama queen".<ref>{{cite news|title=Duterte calls daughter drama queen|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/780443/duterte-calls-daughter-drama-queen|accessdate=October 5, 2016|work=Inquirer|date=April 20, 2016}}</ref> | |||
On March 9, 2024, Duterte's longtime friend and ] leader, Pastor ], was ordered arrested by the United States ] after his conviction by a US District Court for alleged cases of sex trafficking, rape, fraud, and cash smuggling.<ref name="PhilStar-PropertyAdmin">{{cite news |last1=Suelto |first1=Diana Lhyd |title=Duterte named Quiboloy group property administrator |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/03/09/2339252/duterte-named-quiboloy-group-property-administrator |access-date=March 9, 2024 |work=] |date=March 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308203656/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/03/09/2339252/duterte-named-quiboloy-group-property-administrator |archive-date=March 8, 2024}}</ref> No ] request was received by the Marcos administration for Quiboloy's arrest,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pulta |first1=Benjamin |title=No extradition request yet for Quiboloy – DOJ |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1220374 |access-date=July 26, 2024 |work=] |date=March 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20240726140728/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1220374 |archive-date=July 26, 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> although a probe in the Senate was previously initiated on January 23 by Liberal Party ally, Senator Risa Hontiveros, who invited Quiboloy to attend the hearings.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Abarca |first1=Charie |title=Senate probes Quiboloy, church offenses |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1892769/senate-starts-probe-on-alleged-offenses-of-quiboloy-church |access-date=July 27, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=January 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123045109/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1892769/senate-starts-probe-on-alleged-offenses-of-quiboloy-church |archive-date=January 23, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Quiboloy demanded a fair trial as a requirement to attend,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Garner |first1=Jom |last2=Oliquino |first2=Edjen |last3=Alcober |first3=Neil |title=Quiboloy didn't make demands, lawyer says |url=https://tribune.net.ph/2024/03/12/quiboloy-didnt-make-demands-lawyer-says |access-date=July 27, 2024 |work=] |date=March 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727103830/https://tribune.net.ph/2024/03/12/quiboloy-didnt-make-demands-lawyer-says |archive-date=July 27, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> though this was rebuked by Hontiveros and Marcos.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Abarca |first1=Charie |title=Hontiveros finds 'Quiboloy conditions' absurd |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1917002/hontiveros-on-quiboloy-conditions |access-date=July 27, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727104630/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1917002/hontiveros-on-quiboloy-conditions |archive-date=July 27, 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gascon |first1=Melvin |title=Marcos sneers at fugitive Quiboloy's demands |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1927763/marcos-sneers-at-fugitive-quiboloys-demands |access-date=July 27, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=April 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409104547/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1927763/marcos-sneers-at-fugitive-quiboloys-demands |archive-date=April 9, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Claiming his life was under threat through what he described as a connivance between Marcos and the US government,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rosauro |first1=Ryan D. |title=Quiboloy admits he is in hiding amid kill plot |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1907695/quiboloy-admits-he-is-in-hiding-alleges-kill-plot-vs-him |access-date=July 27, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=February 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609044305/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1907695/quiboloy-admits-he-is-in-hiding-alleges-kill-plot-vs-him |archive-date=June 9, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Quiboloy went into hiding and designated Duterte as administrator of his ministry's properties.<ref name="PhilStar-PropertyAdmin" /> After Quiboloy refused to attend the hearings, Hontiveros cited him in contempt and recommended the Senate President to order his arrest.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peralta-Malonzo |first1=Third Anne |title=Senate panel cites Quiboloy in contempt |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/senate-panel-cites-quiboloy-in-contempt |access-date=March 7, 2024 |work=] |date=March 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305065804/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/senate-panel-cites-quiboloy-in-contempt |archive-date=March 5, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Arrest orders for Quiboloy were issued by the Pasig Regional Trial Court despite the efforts of Senators ], ], and ] to oppose the move.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Torres-Tupas |first1=Tetch |title=Quiboloy arrest ordered, this time for qualified human smuggling|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1928832/quiboloy-arrest-ordered-for-qualified-human-trafficking |accessdate=April 11, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=April 11, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Peralta-Malonzo |first1=Third Anne |title=Ejercito withdraws signature from letter opposing Quiboloy's arrest |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/ejercito-withdraws-signature-from-letter-opposing-quiboloys-arrest |access-date=March 7, 2024 |work=] |date=March 7, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Four separate raids were eventually held in Quiboloy's properties in Davao City;<ref>{{cite news |last1= Lacorte |first1= Germelina |title=Arresting cops visit 3 Quiboloy properties but can't find him|url= https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1950039/polices-latest-attempt-to-arrest-quiboloy-in-3-of-his-properties-fails|accessdate=June 10, 2024 |newspaper=]|date=June 10, 2024}}</ref> though Quiboloy was not found,<ref>{{cite news |last1= Baroña|first1= Franco Jose|title=Police serve arrest warrant vs Quiboloy|url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2024/06/10/news/police-serve-arrest-warrant-vs-quiboloy/1950789 |accessdate=June 10, 2024 |publisher= ]|date=June 10, 2024}}</ref> the raids were criticized by Duterte and his allies for its "excessive unnecessary force" involving several units of police and military personnel "in full battle gear".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Porras |first1=Karl Bryan |title=Police raids fail to arrest Pastor Quiboloy at KOJC compounds |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/police-raids-fail-to-arrest-pastor-quibology-at-kojc-compounds |access-date=June 11, 2024 |work=] |date=June 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610070612/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/police-raids-fail-to-arrest-pastor-quibology-at-kojc-compounds |archive-date=June 10, 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Argosino |first1=Faith |title='Excessive, unnecessary force' used in bid to get Quiboloy – Ex-Pres. Duterte |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1950502/excessive-unnecessary-force-used-in-bid-to-get-quiboloy-ex-pres-duterte#ixzz8cpbITUUt |access-date=June 11, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=June 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611141026/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1950502/excessive-unnecessary-force-used-in-bid-to-get-quiboloy-ex-pres-duterte |archive-date=June 11, 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bordey |first1=Hana |title=Senate probe on PNP's 'excessive use of force' in serving warrants vs. Quiboloy sought |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/910402/quiboloy-pnp-search-senate-probe/story/ |access-date=June 19, 2024 |work=] |date=June 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619013749/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/910402/quiboloy-pnp-search-senate-probe/story/ |archive-date=June 19, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> KOJC members gathered in a rally in ] calling for justice for Quiboloy.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Santos |first1=Pat C. |title=KJC demands justice for leader at Liwasang Bonifacio prayer rally |url=https://tribune.net.ph/2024/03/04/kjc-demands-justice-for-leader-at-liwasang-bonifacio-prayer-rally |access-date=July 26, 2024 |work=] |date=March 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726150419/https://tribune.net.ph/2024/03/04/kjc-demands-justice-for-leader-at-liwasang-bonifacio-prayer-rally |archive-date=July 26, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
=== |
==="Hakbang ng Maisug" rallies=== | ||
Additional nationwide protests, called ''Hakbang ng Maisug'' (brave) prayer rallies, were held in ],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gomez |first1=Carla |title=Former president Duterte attends Dumaguete prayer, peace rally |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1938087/former-president-duterte-attends-dumaguete-prayer-peace-rally |access-date=July 2, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=May 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507184805/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1938087/former-president-duterte-attends-dumaguete-prayer-peace-rally |archive-date=May 7, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> ],<ref name="SunStar-MaisugTagum">{{cite news |last1=Francisquete |first1=David Ezra M. |title=Thousands attend Maisug prayer rally in Tagum |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/thousands-attend-maisug-prayer-rally-in-tagum |access-date=July 2, 2024 |work=] |date=April 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416065528/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/thousands-attend-maisug-prayer-rally-in-tagum |archive-date=April 16, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> and ]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chagas |first1=Bombo Angie Villones |title=FPRRD giklaro nga di pagguba sa gobyerno ang rason sa pagpahigayon og Hakbang ng Maisug Rally |url=https://davao.bomboradyo.com/fprrd-giklaro-nga-di-pagguba-sa-gobyerno-ang-rason-sa-pagpahigayon-og-hakbang-ng-maisug-rally/ |access-date=July 2, 2024 |work=] Davao |date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702134402/https://davao.bomboradyo.com/fprrd-giklaro-nga-di-pagguba-sa-gobyerno-ang-rason-sa-pagpahigayon-og-hakbang-ng-maisug-rally/ |archive-date=July 2, 2024 |language=ceb}}</ref> by Duterte and Quiboloy's supporters, who voiced their grievances against the Marcos administration. Particularly among these grievances included their opposition to ]<ref name="SunStar-MaisugTagum" /> and to the increased US military presence in the country,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lalu |first1=Gabriel Pabico |title=Alvarez says Marcos support withdrawal call is not seditious |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1930256/alvarez-says-marcos-support-withdrawal-call-is-not-seditious |access-date=July 26, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=April 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417015409/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1930256/alvarez-says-marcos-support-withdrawal-call-is-not-seditious |archive-date=April 17, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> as well as denouncement of perceived censorship under the administration.<ref name="MB-GovtLimited" /> In one of the rallies, Duterte notably accused Marcos of plotting to extend his term beyond the current term limit of the Constitution and of being a drug addict, to which Marcos responded by alleging Duterte's previous use of ] as painkiller impaired his judgment;<ref name="Rappler">{{cite news |last1=De Leon |first1=Dwight |title=Tit for tat: Marcos blames Duterte's use of fentanyl for foul-mouthed tirade |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/marcos-blames-duterte-fentanyl-use-tirades-accusations/ |access-date=January 31, 2024 |work=] |date=January 29, 2024}}</ref> Duterte later dared Marcos to undergo a drug test with him at Luneta Park.<ref name="Rappler"/> | |||
Duterte's expletive-laden outbursts have triggered the biggest exodus from stocks in a year and made the peso Asia’s worst performer in September 2016. The Philippine currency is at a seven-year low and rounding out its worst month since May 2010, after Duterte lashed out at U.S. President Barack Obama and told off both the European Union and the United Nations for their criticisms of his violent anti-drug campaign, which has left more than 3,000 people dead. However, Duterte blames the U.S. for the currency’s weakness, accusing it of “undermining” the Philippines by “manipulating” the exchange rate.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-29/duterte-s-noisy-peso-rout-out-of-harmony-with-philippine-economy |title=Duterte's Peso Rout Runs Counter to the Booming Philippine Economy |last1=Liau |first1=Y-Sing |last2=Lopez |first2=Ditas B |work=] |date=September 29, 2016 |accessdate=October 7, 2016}}</ref> In the same month, the Philippine peso completed its biggest monthly decline since October 2000 amid the biggest outflow from the nation’s stocks in a year.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-30/philippine-peso-completes-worst-month-in-16-years-amid-outflows |title=Philippine Peso Completes Worst Month in 16 Years Amid Outflows |author=Lopez, Ditas B. |work=] |date=September 30, 2016 |accessdate=October 7, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Frustrated on the administration's use of taxpayers' money,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Alivio |first1=Cristina E. |title=FPRRD eyes to revive 'Mindanao initiative' |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/fprrd-eyes-to-revive-mindanao-initiative |access-date=February 2, 2024 |work=] |date=February 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202093721/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/fprrd-eyes-to-revive-mindanao-initiative |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Duterte initially revived calls advocated by former House Speaker ] for ] to ] from the Philippines;<ref>{{cite news |title=Duterte bares signature-based plan for separate Mindanao |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/895927/duterte-bares-signature-based-plan-for-separate-mindanao/story/ |access-date=January 31, 2024 |work=] |date=January 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131024535/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/895927/duterte-bares-signature-based-plan-for-separate-mindanao/story/ |archive-date=January 31, 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Torres |first1=Sherrie Ann |last2=Cruz |first2=RG |title=Senators frown at Duterte's 'plan' to 'secede' Mindanao from PH |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/2024/1/31/senators-frown-at-duterte-s-plan-to-secede-mindanao-from-ph-1312 |access-date=January 31, 2024 |work=] |date=January 31, 2024}}</ref> his calls drew disapproval from several lawmakers and former Muslim rebels,<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Rosauro |first1=Ryan D. |last2=Aning |first2=Jerome |date=February 2, 2024 |title=Lawmakers, ex-Muslim rebels reject Duterte call for secession |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1898045/lawmakers-ex-muslim-rebels-reject-duterte-call-for-secession |access-date=February 3, 2024 |newspaper=] |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203194934/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1898045/lawmakers-ex-muslim-rebels-reject-duterte-call-for-secession |archive-date=February 3, 2024}}</ref> prompting Duterte to later retract his calls, saying he only wanted "a better deal for Mindanao".<ref>{{cite news |title=Mindanao independence: Duterte's 'joke' that just didn't fly |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/mindanao/duterte-joke-independence/ |access-date=March 1, 2024 |work=] |date=February 28, 2024 |language=en }}</ref> Despite success in holding some rallies, a few suffered setbacks and cancellations after the rally venues were allegedly blocked by the Marcos administration,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Francisquete |first1=David Ezra M. |title=Mayor Baste dismayed over Maisug rally cancellation in Bulacan |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/mayor-baste-dismayed-over-maisug-rally-cancellation-in-bulacan |access-date=July 2, 2024 |work=] |date=April 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430064424/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/mayor-baste-dismayed-over-maisug-rally-cancellation-in-bulacan |archive-date=April 30, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> drawing condemnation from Duterte and his allies.<ref name="Inquirer-SlamsDeliberate">{{cite news |last1=Gabieta |first1= Joey|title=Duterte slams 'deliberate' efforts to stop 'Maisug' rally in Tacloban|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1945128/duterte-slams-deliberate-efforts-to-stop-maisug-rally-in-tacloban |accessdate=July 2, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526212307/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1945128/duterte-slams-deliberate-efforts-to-stop-maisug-rally-in-tacloban |archive-date=May 26, 2024}}</ref><ref name="MB-GovtLimited">{{cite news |last1= Tejano|first1= Ivy|title=Duterte: Gov't limited freedom of speech in Maisug prayer-rallies|url=https://mb.com.ph/2024/7/2/duterte-gov-t-limited-freedom-of-speech-in-maisug-prayer-rallies |accessdate=July 2, 2024 |work=]|date=July 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702135137/https://mb.com.ph/2024/7/2/duterte-gov-t-limited-freedom-of-speech-in-maisug-prayer-rallies |archive-date=July 2, 2024}}</ref> Despite his criticisms against Marcos, Duterte clarified the prayer rallies were not meant to overthrow the administration<ref name="MB-GovtLimited" /> but warned Marcos of extending his six-year term, reminding Marcos of ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Llemit |first1=Ralph Lawrence G. |title=FPRRD tells PBBM: Be happy and satisfied with your 6-year term |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/fprrd-tells-pbbm-be-happy-and-satisfied-with-your-6-year-term |access-date=July 26, 2024 |work=] |date=April 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416200751/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/fprrd-tells-pbbm-be-happy-and-satisfied-with-your-6-year-term |archive-date=April 16, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
After 100 days in office, former president ], a political ally-mentor of Duterte said that "Duterte has been a huge disappointment and letdown" and "the government was losing badly by prioritizing a war on drugs at the expense of issues like poverty, living costs, foreign investment and jobs".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/ex-philippine-president-ramos-says-duterte-government-letdown-060006337.html |title=Ex-Philippine president Ramos says Duterte government a 'letdown' |author=Petty, Martin |website=] |date=October 10, 2016 |accessdate=October 11, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/10/10/1632214/ramos-dutertes-first-100-days-letdown |title=Ramos: Duterte's first 100 days a letdown |author=Viray, Patricia Lourdes |website=Philstar.com |date=October 10, 2016 |accessdate=October 11, 2016}}</ref> | |||
=== |
===2025 elections=== | ||
On October 5, 2024, Duterte announced that he will run for ], with his son, incumbent Mayor ], as his running mate for vice mayor in ]. He also rejected calls for him to run for senator, citing his old age.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/2024/10/5/former-president-duterte-to-run-for-davao-city-mayor-anew-2223|title=Former president Duterte to run for Davao City mayor anew|date=October 5, 2024|accessdate=October 7, 2024|work=]}}</ref> Duterte officially filed his candidacy on October 7;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/922853/rodrigo-duterte-files-coc-for-mayor-of-davao-city/story/|title=Rodrigo Duterte files COC for mayor of Davao City|date=October 7, 2024|accessdate=October 7, 2024|publisher=GMA Integrated News}}</ref> however, on November 7, he welcomed the candidacy of his former cabinet secretary, former ] chairperson ] as Davao City mayor, adding he is retired and wishes to give the position to the next generation.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tocmo |first1=Hernel |title=Despite running for Davao City mayor, ex-pres. Duterte says he is 'retired' |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/regions/2024/11/10/despite-running-for-davao-city-mayor-ex-pres-duterte-says-he-is-retired-1656 |access-date=November 13, 2024 |work=] |date=November 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241113171319/https://news.abs-cbn.com/regions/2024/11/10/despite-running-for-davao-city-mayor-ex-pres-duterte-says-he-is-retired-1656 |archive-date=November 13, 2024}}</ref> | |||
Duterte has been subjected to criticism from media organizations regarding comments on media killings, especially murder of corrupt media personnel.<ref>{{cite news|title=Media groups condemn Rodrigo Duterte comments on corrupt journalist|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/01/media-groups-condemn-rodrigo-duterte-comments-journalists-philippines|accessdate=June 6, 2016|agency=]|via='']''|date=June 1, 2016}}</ref> At the press conference where he announced this, on May 31, 2016, Duterte was the subject of a controversy when he "]" journalist ] via ] when she asked a question.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/misogynistic-philippines-leader-rodrigo-duterte_us_575043bbe4b0eb20fa0ce55e|title=Misogynistic Philippines Leader Duterte Continues To Disrespect Women|last=Cook|first=Jesselyn|date=June 2, 2016|website=Huffington Post|publisher=|access-date=June 25, 2016}}</ref> Umali's husband and fellow journalist, ], posted a Facebook post condemning the disrespecting of his wife.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/788794/gma-reporter-raffy-tima-scores-duterte-for-catcalling-wife-mariz-umali|title=GMA reporter scores Duterte for catcalling wife Mariz Umali|last=|first=|date=June 2, 2016|website=Inquirer|publisher=|access-date=June 25, 2016}}</ref> Duterte defended his whistling and dismissed the idea of "catcalling", explaining that it was just a mere "freedom of expression" and that it was again sensationalized and hyped by the media.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/568601/news/nation/duterte-defends-catcall-that-is-a-freedom-of-expression|title=Duterte defends catcall: That is a freedom of expression|last=Macas|first=Trisha|date=June 3, 2016|website=GMA News|publisher=|access-date=June 25, 2016}}</ref> | |||
===House and Senate probe into the War on Drugs=== | |||
] hearing on October 28, 2024.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ombay |first1=Giselle |title=Ex-Pres. Duterte: I take full, legal responsibility for drug war |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/925144/duterte-responsibility-drug-war/story/ |access-date=October 29, 2024 |work=] |date=October 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20241029121053/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/925144/duterte-responsibility-drug-war/story/ |archive-date=October 29, 2024 |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>]] | |||
In October 2024, the House quad committee led an investigation into the supposed use of intelligence funds to fund an alleged "reward system" for police involved in drug-related extrajudicial killings that occurred during Duterte's presidency. Among the witnesses in the House probe was former ] general manager and retired Police Colonel ], who accused Duterte of wanting to apply his Davao model approach of the war on drugs on a national scale. Senators ] and ], dismissing the reward money claims as baseless accusations and hearsay, launched a parallel probe in the Senate to "find out the truth".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Felipe |first1=Cecille Suerte |title=Bato sets Senate inquiry; Duterte to be invited |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/10/17/2393133/bato-sets-senate-inquiry-duterte-be-invited |access-date=October 29, 2024 |work=] |date=October 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20241029131057/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2024/10/17/2393133/bato-sets-senate-inquiry-duterte-be-invited |archive-date=October 29, 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bordey |first1=Hana |title=Bong Go eyes parallel Senate probe into war on drugs |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/923634/bong-go-senate-probe-war-on-drugs/story/ |access-date=October 29, 2024 |work=] |date=October 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20241029131002/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/923634/bong-go-senate-probe-war-on-drugs/story/ |archive-date=October 29, 2024 |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Responding to the Senate invitation, Duterte attended the Senate probe into his campaign against illegal drugs. During the session, Duterte admitted to using a "death squad" to combat crime as Davao mayor, but denied directing extrajudicial killings in his national drug war, now being examined by the ICC.<ref name="WashingtonTimes-2024" /> He further noted the resumption of activities of drug dealers and criminals after he stepped down from presidency, telling them "If I'm given another chance, I'll wipe all of you".<ref name="WashingtonTimes-2024">{{Cite news |date=October 28, 2024|title=Philippine ex-President Duterte says he kept a 'death squad' as mayor to kill criminals|newspaper=Washington Times|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2024/oct/28/philippine-ex-president-rodrigo-duterte-says-kept-/ |access-date=October 29, 2024}}</ref> | |||
{{blockquote|My mandate as president of the republic was to protect the country and the Filipino people. Do not question my policies because I offer no apologies, no excuses. I did what I had to do.|Duterte, October 28, 2024<ref>{{cite news |title='I did what I had to do': Duterte tells Senate committee probing his war on drugs |url=https://efe.com/en/latest-news/2024-10-28/i-did-what-i-had-to-do-duterte-tells-senate-committee-probing-his-war-on-drugs/ |access-date=October 29, 2024 |work=] |date=October 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20241029131020/https://efe.com/en/latest-news/2024-10-28/i-did-what-i-had-to-do-duterte-tells-senate-committee-probing-his-war-on-drugs/ |archive-date=October 29, 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | |||
Duterte accepted an invitation to the House quad committee hearing on November 13. During the hearing, he reiterated the tough but necessary decisions he took in his anti-drug campaign. He further said he was not scared of the ICC and expressed impatience for the ICC's investigation, saying "I am already old, I might die soon. You might miss the pleasure of seeing me standing before the court hearing the judgement whatever it is". In a significant reversal of position, Marcos' executive secretary ] later stated the Marcos administration "will feel obliged to consider" a ] from the ] for Duterte should it be issued.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lema |first1=Karen |title=Philippines says obliged to comply if Interpol seeks ex-president Duterte's arrest |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/ex-philippine-president-duterte-says-icc-should-hurry-up-drug-war-investigation-2024-11-13/ |access-date=November 13, 2024 |work=] |date=November 13, 2024}}</ref> | |||
==Public image== | |||
] in ], September 9, 2016.]] | |||
Ardent supporters of Duterte have been labeled as "]", alternatively known as "Digong Duterte Supporters", which shares the acronym with the ] (DDS).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Luyag |first=Margaret Claire |date=October 28, 2017 |title='Hello, mga ka-DDS': Steven Seagal lauds Duterte's fight vs. terrorism, drugs |work=] |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/showbiz/chikaminute/631207/hello-mga-ka-dds-steven-seagal-lauds-duterte-s-fight-vs-terrorism-drugs/story/ |access-date=November 12, 2017}}</ref> This label has been applied to the 16 million people who voted for him in the 2016 presidential election.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bayoran |first=Gilbert |date=September 17, 2016 |title=Alvarez a 'DDS' – Diehard Duterte Supporter |work=] |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/09/17/1624574/alvarez-dds-diehard-duterte-supporter |access-date=November 12, 2017}}</ref> | |||
Duterte developed a reputation as a "protector" and "savior" in his hometown of ] as mayor of the city for more than two decades. This is despite reports of death squads in the city.<ref name="vox">{{Cite news |last=Santos |first=Ana |date=May 1, 2017 |title=Rodrigo Duterte's drug war has killed thousands. Trump just invited him to the White House. |work=Vox |url=https://www.vox.com/world/2017/2/28/14727614/rodrigo-duterte-philippines-drug-dealer-obama-trump-catholic-church |access-date=November 29, 2017}}</ref> | |||
] in ], ], November 2017]] | |||
Duterte has been described as a ], with his foul-mouthed remarks against the country's elite which positioned him as a "man of the people" and was critical to his victory in the 2016 presidential election.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 10, 2017 |title=Duterte, Trump, 'Brexit': Populist surge worldwide |work=] |agency=Agence France-Presse |url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/overseas/11/10/16/duterte-trump-brexit-populist-surge-worldwide |access-date=November 29, 2017}}</ref> He has also been compared to ] ] for his rhetorical style.<ref name="vox" /> | |||
Duterte and his administration have been criticized for his anti-drug campaign, foreign policies, human rights record, extrajudicial killings during his term, political views, and controversial comments.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aurelio |first=Julie M. |title=Bishop signs online petition seeking int'l court probe |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/842031/bishop-signs-online-petition-seeking-intl-court-probe |access-date=August 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Roque defends Duterte's rape remark: 'It's more liberal in the South' |work=] |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/08/31/Roque-liberal-sense-of-humor.html |access-date=September 1, 2018 |archive-date=September 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901113220/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/08/31/Roque-liberal-sense-of-humor.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Despite the criticisms on his administration, throughout his career, Duterte's remained hugely popular, attributed to his man-of-the-people style and a perception of strong leadership and success in fighting crime and corruption, while opponents reproach him for his authoritarian style and low tolerance of dissent.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 5, 2020 |title=Philippines' Duterte scores record high rating, despite virus crisis |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-idUSKBN26Q0YK |access-date=January 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010143337/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-duterte-idUSKBN26Q0YK |archive-date=October 10, 2020}}</ref> Analysts attribute his continued popularity to his emotional connection to the public, citing his charisma and humor, tough-talking manner, his image as a father figure as {{lang|fil|Tatay Digong}} (Father Digong), and Filipinos' general interest in strong leaders.<ref name="Rappler-TatayDigong">{{Cite news |last=Francisco |first=Katerina |date=July 24, 2017 |title='Tatay Digong' brand, charisma behind Duterte's survey numbers – analysts |work=] |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/176555-sona-2017-philippines-duterte-ratings-charisma/ |access-date=May 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724113901/https://www.rappler.com/nation/176555-sona-2017-philippines-duterte-ratings-charisma/ |archive-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref><ref name="BusinessWorld-TatayDigong">{{Cite news |last=Aquino |first=Norman P. |date=July 21, 2019 |title='Tatay Digong' thrives on pathos to keep rock-star status |work=] |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2019/07/22/243481/tatay-digong-thrives-on-pathos-to-keep-rock-star-status/ |access-date=May 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408222053/https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2019/07/22/243481/tatay-digong-thrives-on-pathos-to-keep-rock-star-status/ |archive-date=April 8, 2022}}</ref> | |||
A ] study concluded that there are multiple reasons for Duterte's high satisfaction ratings in surveys; these include his strong ], satisfaction with the administration's overall governance (''pamamalakad'') and with some policy issues which include helping the poor and the drug war, and his character. Poll respondents who relate to or are attracted to some aspects of his character, such as his perceived decisiveness and diligence tend to be satisfied. On the other hand, those who feel he is vulgar (''bastos'') tend to be less satisfied.<ref name="SWS-DuterteSpecialReport">{{Cite news |date=September 24, 2021 |title=Special report on Satisfaction Rating of the President: Pres. Duterte's Net Satisfaction at +79 in November 2020, +65 in May 2021, and +62 in June 2021 |work=Social Weather Stations |url=https://www.sws.org.ph/downloads/media_release/pr20210924%20-%20SWR2021-II%20Special%20Report%20on%20Satisfaction%20with%20the%20President%20%28special%20report%29.pdf |access-date=March 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926092412/https://www.sws.org.ph/downloads/media_release/pr20210924%20-%20SWR2021-II%20Special%20Report%20on%20Satisfaction%20with%20the%20President%20%28special%20report%29.pdf |archive-date=September 26, 2021}}</ref> | |||
Despite keeping a low profile during his post-presidency, Duterte retained his popularity, topping four consecutive surveys conducted separately in March,<ref name="PublicusAsia-TopsVoters">{{cite web |title=Duterte Tops Voters' Mind – Pahayag |url=https://www.publicusasia.com/duterte-tops-voters-mind-pahayag/ |website=PUBLiCUS Asia |access-date=April 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230406170940/https://www.publicusasia.com/duterte-tops-voters-mind-pahayag/ |archive-date=April 6, 2023 |date=March 25, 2023}}</ref> June,<ref name="ManilaTimes-Tops2025SenateBets">{{cite news |last1=Mendoza |first1=Red |title=Duterte tops 2025 Senate bets survey |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2023/06/22/news/national/duterte-tops-2025-senate-bets-survey/1897142 |access-date=July 16, 2023 |work=] |date=June 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623013221/https://www.manilatimes.net/2023/06/22/news/national/duterte-tops-2025-senate-bets-survey/1897142 |archive-date=June 23, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> September,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Espinosa |first1=Ian Carl |title=Rody Duterte still leading candidate for midterm polls |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/rody-duterte-still-leading-candidate-for-midterm-polls |access-date=December 27, 2023 |work=] |date=September 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227131905/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/rody-duterte-still-leading-candidate-for-midterm-polls |archive-date=December 27, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> and December 2023 by PUBLiCUS Asia on the voting disposition for 2025 Philippine Senate election.<ref name="PublicusAsia-Pahayag">{{cite news |title=PRRD maintains as top-of-mind Senatorial Candidate - PAHAYAG Survey |url=https://www.publicusasia.com/posts/press%20release/prrd-maintains-as-top-of-mind-senatorial-candidate-pahayag-survey |access-date=December 27, 2023 |work=PUBLiCUS Asia |date=December 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231227125926/https://www.publicusasia.com/posts/press%20release/prrd-maintains-as-top-of-mind-senatorial-candidate-pahayag-survey |archive-date=December 27, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
===Controversial remarks and human rights concerns=== | |||
{{see also|Protests against Rodrigo Duterte}} | |||
Duterte's record on human rights and his long history of comments that have widely been considered to be offensive, provocative, threatening, and undiplomatic have received sharp international criticism. He has been portrayed by his critics in the media as having a "dirty mouth".<ref>{{Cite news |title=The 'son of a whore' story is about so much more than Duterte's dirty mouth |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/09/06/the-son-of-whore-story-is-about-so-much-more-than-dutertes-dirty-mouth/ |access-date=September 17, 2016}}</ref> He had, however, promised to behave in a "prim and proper" manner on the national and international stage once he was to be inaugurated as president, to the point that, "almost, I would become holy."<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Bencito, J. P. |last2=Araneta, S. |last3=Araja, R. N. |date=May 11, 2016 |title=Duterte starts searching for Cabinet men |work=The Standard |url=http://www.thestandard.com.ph/news/-main-stories/top-stories/205335/duterte-starts-searching-for-cabinet-men.html |url-status=dead |access-date=May 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510182933/http://thestandard.com.ph/news/-main-stories/top-stories/205335/duterte-starts-searching-for-cabinet-men.html |archive-date=May 10, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Throughout his presidency, Duterte has made controversial comments about rape,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Malacañang on Duterte rape remark: The masses get him |work=] |url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/175838-malacanang-duterte-rape-remark-masses-get-him |access-date=August 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author1=Joe Sterling |author2=Buena Bernal |title=Duterte jokes about rape while rallying troops to fight militants |publisher=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/26/asia/philippines-duterte-speech/index.html |access-date=August 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Duterte makes rape 'joke' for martial law troops |work=Al Jazeera |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/05/duterte-rape-joke-martial-law-troops-170527082049812.html |access-date=August 14, 2017}}</ref> human rights, his views on media killings,<ref name="Reuters-Denounced">{{Cite news |date=June 2, 2016 |title=Philippines' Duterte denounced for defending killing of some journalists |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-politics-journalists/philippines-duterte-denounced-for-defending-killing-of-some-journalists-idUSKCN0YN3TK |access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref> and has used slurs;<ref name="Croucher-2019">{{Cite web |last=Croucher |first=Shane |date=May 31, 2019 |title=Philippines President Duterte says he was once gay "but I cured myself" |url=https://www.newsweek.com/philippines-duterte-gay-cured-homosexuality-comments-1440433 |website=Newsweek}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=September 6, 2016 |title=Barack Obama scraps planned talks with Rodrigo Duterte over 'son of whore' slur |work=] |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-06/obama-calls-off-planned-talks-with-duterte/7817454 |access-date=September 6, 2016}}</ref> he has also made controversial statements to international leaders and institutions.<ref name="XinhuaNet">{{Cite news |date=July 9, 2016 |title=Philippine president accuses U.S. of "importing" terrorism to Middle East |work=Xinhua |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-07/09/c_135500521.htm |access-date=September 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710150334/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-07/09/c_135500521.htm |archive-date=July 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Duterte tells Obama to 'go to hell,' explains frustration with U.S. |work=] |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/10/05/duterte-tells-obama-go-to-hell.html |access-date=November 16, 2016 |archive-date=November 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108222039/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/10/05/duterte-tells-obama-go-to-hell.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He has also repeatedly criticized the ] which has expressed alarm over deaths linked to the war on drugs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |title=Duterte vows more attacks on Catholic Church |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/12/31/1881167/duterte-vows-more-attacks-catholic-church |access-date=February 27, 2020}}</ref><ref name="anticleric">{{Cite news |last=Corrales |first=Nestor |date=May 22, 2016 |title=Duterte defies Catholic Church's belief on family planning |newspaper=] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/786977/duterte-defies-catholic-churchs-belief-on-family-planning |access-date=July 13, 2016}}</ref><ref name="church">{{Cite news |date=May 24, 2016 |title=Philippines' Duterte launches vulgar attacks on Church |work=PRI |url=http://www.pri.org/stories/2016-05-24/philippines-duterte-launches-vulgar-attacks-church |access-date=October 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Sedition charges against four bishops and three priests are 'beyond belief' |work=AsiaNews |url=http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Sedition-charges-against-four-bishops-and-three-priests-are-beyond-belief-47589.html |access-date=February 27, 2020}}</ref> | |||
] (HRW) called the first year of Duterte in office a "human rights calamity". HRW estimates that there has been 7,000 deaths from the day Duterte first took office to January 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 28, 2017 |title=Philippines: Duterte's First Year a Human Rights Calamity |work=Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/06/28/philippines-dutertes-first-year-human-rights-calamity |access-date=August 18, 2017}}</ref> The Duterte administration suspended the drug war in February 2017 in an effort to cleanse the police ranks of supposed corruption, also halting the disclosure of figures on deaths related to drug arrests and raids.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 30, 2017 |title=Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte is suspending his war on drugs to go after "corrupt" police |work=Newsweek |url=http://www.newsweek.com/philippines-suspends-drugs-war-cleanse-corrupt-police-549938 |access-date=August 18, 2017}}</ref> In March 2017, HRW released a special investigation and report on the state of police related shooting, titled "License To Kill".<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 2, 2017 |title=License to Kill |work=Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/03/02/license-kill/philippine-police-killings-dutertes-war-drugs |access-date=August 18, 2017}}</ref> ''The New York Times'' had also released a video documentary "When A President Says I'll Kill You", which depicts Duterte's war on drugs through a local photographer's eyes.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Glazer |first1=Andrew |last2=Rocklin |first2=Jeremy |date=March 26, 2017 |title=When a President Says, 'I'll Kill You' |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/video/world/asia/100000004819836/duterte-philippines-when-a-president-says-ill-kill-you.html |access-date=August 18, 2017 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> On August 17, 2017, HRW called Duterte a threat to the human rights community after he made threats against human rights activists.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 17, 2017 |title=Philippines: Duterte Threatens Human Rights Community |work=Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/08/17/philippines-duterte-threatens-human-rights-community |access-date=August 18, 2017}}</ref> | |||
===Supporters=== | |||
{{see also|Mocha Uson Blog|Thinking Pinoy}} | |||
Several other Facebook groups with the acronym "DDS" supported Duterte as early as 2011. Among these groups is the Duterte Defense Squad, which was created on July 5, 2011. Other examples include Digong Duterte Supporters-Registered Nurses Group, Duterte's Destiny is to Serve the Country, Digong Duterte Swerte (lit. Digong Duterte is (Good) Luck), and Davsur Duterte Supporters. In 2015, members of the various groups urged Duterte to run for president.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nawal |first=Allan |date=May 27, 2015 |title=Facebook groups add meaning to DDS |newspaper=] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/693793/facebook-groups-add-meaning-to-dds |access-date=November 12, 2017}}</ref> | |||
===Approval ratings=== | |||
{{Main|Opinion polling on the Rodrigo Duterte presidency}} | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" align="right" style="margin:auto 1em;" | |||
|+ ] Net satisfaction ratings of {{nowrap|Rodrigo Duterte}} {{nowrap|(September 2016–}}{{nowrap|June 2022)}} | |||
|- | |||
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Date<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 24, 2021 |title=Net Satisfaction Ratings of Presidents: Philippines (Page 2 of 2) |url=https://www.sws.org.ph/visuals/2021/pr20210924/pr20210924_vis03.JPG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019144223im_/https://www.sws.org.ph/visuals/2021/pr20210924/pr20210924_vis03.JPG |archive-date=October 19, 2021 |access-date=March 2, 2022 |website=Social Weather Stations}}</ref> | |||
! scope="col" | Rating | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | Sep 2016 | |||
| +64 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | Dec 2016 | |||
| +63 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | Mar 2017 | |||
| +63 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | Jun 2017 | |||
| +66 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | Sep 2017 | |||
| +48 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | Dec 2017 | |||
| +58 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | Mar 2018 | |||
| +56 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | Jun 2018 | |||
| +45 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | Sep 2018 | |||
| +54 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | Dec 2018 | |||
| +60 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | Mar 2019 | |||
| +66 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | Jun 2019 | |||
| +68 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | Sep 2019 | |||
| +65 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | Dec 2019 | |||
| +72 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | Nov 2020 | |||
| +79 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | May 2021 | |||
| +65 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | Jun 2021 | |||
| +62 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | Sep 2021 | |||
| +52 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | Dec 2021<ref name="MB-SWS4thQtr">{{Cite news |last=De Vera-Ruiz |first=Ellalyn |date=February 8, 2022 |title=75% of Filipinos satisfied with Duterte – SWS survey |work=] |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/08/75-of-filipinos-satisfied-with-duterte-sws-survey/ |access-date=March 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211021721/https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/08/75-of-filipinos-satisfied-with-duterte-sws-survey/ |archive-date=February 11, 2022}}</ref> | |||
| +60 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | Apr 2022<ref>{{Cite news |last=De Vera-Ruiz |first=Ellalyn |date=July 13, 2022 |title=Former President Duterte's net satisfaction rating rises to +65 in April SWS survey |work=] |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/13/former-president-dutertes-satisfaction-rating-rises-to-65-in-april-sws-survey/ |access-date=September 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713132219/https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/13/former-president-dutertes-satisfaction-rating-rises-to-65-in-april-sws-survey/ |archive-date=July 13, 2022}}</ref> | |||
| +65 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" | Jun 2022<ref name="SWS-2ndQ">{{Cite news |date=September 23, 2022 |title=Second Quarter 2022 Social Weather Survey: Pres. Rodrigo Duterte's final net satisfaction rating at +81 |work=] |url=https://www.sws.org.ph/downloads/media_release/pr20220923%20-%20SWR2022-II%20Satisfaction%20with%20the%20President%20%28media%20release%29.pdf |access-date=September 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925065815/https://www.sws.org.ph/downloads/media_release/pr20220923%20-%20SWR2022-II%20Satisfaction%20with%20the%20President%20%28media%20release%29.pdf |archive-date=September 25, 2022}}</ref> | |||
| +81 | |||
<!-- | |||
|- class="sortbottom" | |||
! scope="row" | '''Average''' | |||
| '''averagerating''' | |||
--> | |||
|} | |||
Despite criticism and international opposition to his controversial anti-narcotics drive, Duterte's domestic approval rating remained relatively high throughout his presidency.<ref name="ABCNews-WeedonAlan" /> Duterte began his presidency with a high trust rating of 79% and 91% (the highest of any Philippine official since 1999), from pollsters ] (SWS) and ], respectively.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Estopace |first=F. G. |date=July 13, 2016 |title=Duterte rides on 'excellent' trust rating |work=] |url=http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=TopStory&title=duterte-rides-on-excellent-trust-rating&id=130331 |access-date=July 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820115214/http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=TopStory&title=duterte-rides-on-excellent-trust-rating&id=130331 |archive-date=August 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hegina |first=Aries Joseph |date=July 20, 2016 |title=Duterte becomes PH's most trusted official |newspaper=] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/797447/duterte-becomes-phs-most-trusted-official |access-date=July 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126014809/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/797447/duterte-becomes-phs-most-trusted-official |archive-date=November 26, 2016}}</ref> His net satisfaction rating plunged to its lowest at 45% in July 2018, attributed to inflation during the period as well as Duterte calling God "stupid" for the concept of ] in the ];<ref name="Nicolas-2018">{{cite news |last1=Nicolas |first1=Jino |title=Satisfaction with Duterte drops to record-low +45 |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2018/07/10/171891/satisfaction-with-duterte-drops-to-record-low-45/ |access-date=July 29, 2024 |work=] |date=July 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627062141/https://www.bworldonline.com/editors-picks/2018/07/10/171891/satisfaction-with-duterte-drops-to-record-low-45/ |archive-date=June 27, 2022}}</ref> eventually, his satisfaction rating rose to 60% by the end of the year.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Merez |first=Arianne |date=December 28, 2018 |title=Duterte closes 2018 with 'very good' satisfaction rating- SWS |work=] |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/12/28/18/duterte-closes-2018-with-very-good-satisfaction-rating-sws |access-date=March 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228115914/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/12/28/18/duterte-closes-2018-with-very-good-satisfaction-rating-sws |archive-date=December 28, 2018}}</ref> | |||
Halfway through his term, Duterte's approval rating reached 79%, the highest among his predecessors at this stage in their presidencies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heydarian |first=Richard Javad |date=May 2, 2019 |title=Philippine midterms could extend Duterte's rule |url=https://asiatimes.com/2019/05/philippine-midterms-could-extend-dutertes-rule/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910001716/https://asiatimes.com/2019/05/philippine-midterms-could-extend-dutertes-rule/ |archive-date=September 10, 2020 |website=Asia Times}}</ref> It rose to 87% by the end of 2019 due to the successful hosting of the ] as well as the administration's poverty reduction programs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=de Vera |first=Ben O. |date=December 20, 2019 |title=Duterte approval rating of 87 percent in December attributed to poverty reduction, SEA Games 'high' |newspaper=] |url=https://business.inquirer.net/285855/economic-team-dutertes-pulse-asia-approval-rating-jumped-to-87-in-december |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220101024/https://business.inquirer.net/285855/economic-team-dutertes-pulse-asia-approval-rating-jumped-to-87-in-december |archive-date=December 20, 2019}}</ref> Amid the ], Pulse Asia reported in September 2020 that 84% of Filipinos approved of the administration's efforts to contain the virus and provide assistance to those who lost their jobs; 92% of the poll respondents also agreed Duterte had "done well" in preventing the contagion in the country.<ref name="PNAGovPH-COVIDSurvey">{{Cite news |last=Parrocha |first=Azer |date=October 8, 2020 |title=8 in 10 Pinoys approve Duterte admin's Covid-19 response |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1117910 |access-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101184347/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1117910 |archive-date=November 1, 2020}}</ref><ref name="ASEANPost">{{Cite news |last=Malindog-Uy |first=Anna |date=October 11, 2020 |title=In Duterte We Trust |language=en |work=The ASEAN Post |url=https://theaseanpost.com/article/duterte-we-trust |access-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045434/https://theaseanpost.com/article/duterte-we-trust |archive-date=October 12, 2020}}</ref> Duterte ended 2021 with an approval rating of 60%, wherein higher net satisfaction was observed among those who have been or are willing to get vaccinated.<ref name="MB-SWS4thQtr" /> | |||
Duterte maintained his high approval and trust ratings as he approached the end of his term.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cruz |first=Kaithreen |date=April 12, 2022 |title=Duterte bowing out with high ratings |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/04/11/news/dutertes-approval-trust-rating-remain-high-publicus/1839667 |access-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411053427/https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/04/11/news/dutertes-approval-trust-rating-remain-high-publicus/1839667 |archive-date=April 11, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Philippine News Agency" /> A 2021 poll by WR Numero Research revealed that 54.59% of voters want soft continuity of Duterte's policies, 29.57% want full continuity, while only 15.84% preferred change.<ref>{{Cite news |last=De Vera-Ruiz |first=Ellalyn |date=March 22, 2022 |title=More than half of Pinoy voters support 'partial continuity' of Duterte's policies — survey |work=] |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/03/22/more-than-half-of-pinoy-voters-support-partial-continuity-of-dutertes-policies-survey/ |access-date=May 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322105459/https://mb.com.ph/2022/03/22/more-than-half-of-pinoy-voters-support-partial-continuity-of-dutertes-policies-survey/ |archive-date=March 22, 2022}}</ref> Duterte left office with a net satisfaction rating of 81%, his highest in SWS polling.<ref name="SWS-2ndQ" /> Additionally, polling firm PUBLiCUS Asia reported in Duterte's last month in office that Duterte received a 75% approval for his entire six-year tenure, making him the most popular post-] president.<ref>{{Cite news |last=De Vera-Ruiz |first=Ellalyn |date=June 27, 2022 |title=PUBLiCUS survey: Duterte is most popular post-EDSA 1 president |work=] |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/06/27/publicus-survey-duterte-is-most-popular-post-edsa-1-president/ |access-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627043643/https://mb.com.ph/2022/06/27/publicus-survey-duterte-is-most-popular-post-edsa-1-president/ |archive-date=June 27, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Cruz-2022">{{Cite news |last=Cruz |first=Kaithreen |date=June 27, 2022 |title=Duterte most popular post-EDSA president - Publicus |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/06/27/news/duterte-most-popular-post-edsa-president-publicus/1848860 |access-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627031050/https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/06/27/news/duterte-most-popular-post-edsa-president-publicus/1848860 |archive-date=June 27, 2022}}</ref> | |||
==Political views== | |||
{{Main|Political positions of Rodrigo Duterte}} | |||
Duterte described himself as ] during his campaign and presidency, but has stressed that he is for democracy and is not a communist.<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 22, 2016 |title='BUT NOT AN NPA': Duterte declares he'll be first leftist president |language=en |work=] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/563681/duterte-declares-he-ll-be-first-leftist-president/story/ |access-date=March 16, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Palatino |first=Mong |title=Is the Philippines' Duterte Really a Leftist? |language=en-US |work=The Diplomat |url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/05/is-the-philippines-duterte-really-a-leftist/ |access-date=November 23, 2018}}</ref> | |||
Duterte was a member of the leftist ] during the 1970s<ref>{{Cite news |title='BUT NOT AN NPA': Duterte declares he'll be first leftist president |language=en-US |work=] |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/563681/duterte-declares-he-ll-be-first-leftist-president/story/ |access-date=November 23, 2018}}</ref> and was a student of prominent Philippine leftist figure and founder of the ], ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mallari |first=Delfin T. Jr. |title=Joma Sison wishes 'best of health' for ex-student Duterte |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/884438/joma-sison-wishes-best-of-health-for-ex-student-duterte}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabillo |first=Kristine Angeli |title=Joma Sison talks about former student Duterte, other candidates |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/764641/joma-sison-talks-about-former-student-duterte-other-candidates}}</ref> In a 1980s interview, Duterte expressed his frustration on seeing suspected criminals being acquitted despite evidence against them, further adding he admired the NPA's "brand of rendering swift justice".<ref name="Gonzales-2005" /> However, his relationship with the communists deteriorated during his presidency due to continued rebel attacks on soldiers despite the peace talks.<ref name="CNNPH-DuterteFires" /><ref name="Inquirer-LastLeft" /> | |||
==Personal life== | ==Personal life== | ||
Duterte is known for being an avid fan of ]s, but detests luxury cars. He once owned a second-hand ] and a ]. He was once a habitual ], but he eventually quit after a doctor's suggestion due to health concerns. Duterte is an avid reader of ] and ] novels.<ref name="Duterte22">{{Cite news |last1=Ranada |first1=Pia |last2=Caduaya |first2=Editha |date=September 18, 2015 |title=22 things to know about 'Duterte Harry' |work=] |url=http://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/105955-things-know-trivia-rodrigo-duterte |access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref> Duterte is also known for his straightforward and vocal attitude in public, especially in interviews, showing no hesitation in profusely using ] live on-screen on numerous occasions despite formal requests by media groups and schools beforehand to abstain.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Regalado |first=Edith |date=March 3, 2001 |title=Davao City Mayoral Race; Duterte siblings slugging it out |work=] |url=http://www.philstar.com/nation/104586/davao-city-mayoral-race-duterte-siblings-slugging-it-out |access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref> | |||
] on a courtesy call with President Duterte.]] | |||
Duterte has openly "bragged about his ]-fuelled serial adultery",<ref>{{cite news|title=Duterte's shocking, shrewd shot at the Philippine presidency|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/duterte-s-shocking-shrewd/2761902.html|accessdate=October 5, 2016|work=Channel NewsAsia|date=May 6, 2016}}</ref> drawing criticism from the ].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/769552/gabriela-reiterates-dutertes-womanizing-an-affront-to-womens-rights|title=Gabriela reiterates: Duterte's womanizing 'an affront to women's rights'|last=Hegina|first=Aries Joseph|publisher='']''|date=February 29, 2016|accessdate=February 29, 2016}}</ref> He told supporters at a rally in 2015: "When I was young, I could do overnight, which is more expensive. When I got old, I could do short time only because I have such a short time left. After one erection, that’s it. No more. Without Viagra, it’s even more difficult."<ref>{{cite news |last=Ranada |first=Pia |date=November 30, 2015 |title=Rodrigo Duterte: Yes, I'm a womanizer |url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2016/114416-rodrigo-duterte-womanizer |publisher='']'' |location= |access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Duterte has his own local show in Davao City called '']'' ("From the Masses, For the Masses"), which formerly aired as a ] on ], and currently broadcast on ] since 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sy Cua |first=Aric John |date=January 13, 2023 |title=Ex-president Duterte's program returns on SMNI |work=] |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2023/01/13/news/ex-president-dutertes-program-returns-on-smni/1874113 |access-date=January 31, 2023}}</ref> He is also a member of ], a fraternity based in the ] and the ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Monforte |first=Cha |date=April 15, 2015 |title=2 Duterte aides hurt in accident |work=] |url=http://www.businessmirror.com.ph/2-duterte-aides-hurt-in-accident |access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Duterte is known for being an avid fan of ]s but detests luxury cars. He once owned a second-hand ] and currently a ]. He was once a habitual ] but he eventually quit after a doctor's suggestion due to health concerns. Duterte is an avid reader of ] and ] novels.<ref name="Duterte22">{{cite news |last1=Ranada |first1=Pia |last2=Caduaya |first2=Editha |date=September 18, 2015 |title=22 things to know about 'Duterte Harry' |url=http://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/105955-things-know-trivia-rodrigo-duterte |publisher='']'' |location= |access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Aside from his native ], Duterte is also fluent in ] and ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Apostol |first=Gina |date=May 29, 2017 |title=Speaking in Fascism's Tongues |work=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/19/opinion/sunday/philippines-rodrigo-duterte-fascism.html |access-date=February 25, 2018}}</ref> | |||
While criticizing political opponent ] in a 2019 speech, Duterte said that he was once gay but had ] before meeting his partner ].<ref name="Croucher-2019" /> | |||
In addition to his native ], Duterte is also fluent{{cn|date=October 2016}} in ] and ]. | |||
Since being the mayor of Davao City, Duterte has held an annual tradition of visiting children with cancer in the city and giving them Christmas gifts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Palicte |first=Che |date=December 21, 2022 |title=Ex-President Duterte gifts kids with cancer |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1191202 |access-date=December 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222120900/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1191202 |archive-date=December 22, 2022}}</ref> | |||
===Family=== | |||
Duterte has siblings named Eleanor Duterte; Benjamin "Bong" Duterte, a one-term city councilor of Davao between 1992 and 1995; younger sister Jocelyn Duterte, who lost in several attempts to grab a Third District city council seat as well as for the mayor post in 2001; and Don "Blue Boy" Duterte who ran and lost in the First District congressional race in 1998. Duterte is also known for his straightforward and vocal attitude in public especially in interviews, showing no hesitation in using ] profusely live on-screen on numerous occasions despite formal requests by media groups and schools beforehand to abstain.<ref name="DBD">{{cite web|url=https://durianburgdavao.wordpress.com/2015/05/16/the-dutertes-in-davao-city-politics/|title=The Dutertes in Davao City Politics|work=Durian Post by DurianburgDavao}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Regalado |first=Edith |date=March 3, 2001 |title=Davao City Mayoral Race; Duterte siblings slugging it out |url=http://www.philstar.com/nation/104586/davao-city-mayoral-race-duterte-siblings-slugging-it-out |newspaper='']'' |location= |access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref> | |||
===Family=== | |||
] and ] escort their father (center) to his ], June 30, 2016]] | |||
] | |||
] | ] | ||
Duterte was once married to ], a flight attendant who hails from Davao City and is of ] descent who also traces her roots in ]. They together have three children (from eldest to youngest): ] ("Pulong"), ] ("Inday Sara") and Sebastian ("Bastê"). Paolo and Sara ventured into politics while Baste, with no interest in politics, concentrated on business and surfing.<ref name="DBD" /> Paolo got married twice, first with Lovelie Sangkola whom he had separated with, and second with January Navares-Duterte, his current wife.<ref>{{cite news |last=Estremera |first=Stella |date=May 4, 2016 |title=Duterte's partner reacts to property expose |url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/2016/05/04/dutertes-partner-reacts-property-expose-471608 |newspaper=] |location= |access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref> Sara is currently married to a fellow lawyer while Baste has 2 kids: a daughter with a former girlfriend and a son with current girlfriend Kate Necesario.<ref name="Inquirer-DuterteSon">{{cite news|last1=Manlupig|first1=Karlos|title=Duterte son answers call of campaign|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/773343/duterte-son-answers-call-of-campaign|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=Philippine Daily Inquirer|publisher=Inquirer Mindanao|date=March 14, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803225739/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/773343/duterte-son-answers-call-of-campaign|archivedate=August 3, 2016}}</ref> In 2012, Duterte made a notorious remark in a media interview regarding an incident where Paolo's name was allegedly linked to a carnapping syndicate led by Ryan Yu. Duterte is infamously quoted as having said: "Kill my son Paolo if he is involved in crime." Paolo was never charged for lack of evidence and eventually won the Davao City vice mayoralty in 2013.<ref name="DurianBurgDavao-KillMySon">{{cite news|last1=Balanza|first1=Roger M.|title=Rody Duterte: Kill my son Paolo if he is involved in crime|url=https://durianburgdavao.wordpress.com/2012/10/28/rody-duterte-kill-my-son-paolo-if-he-is-involved-in-crime/|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=The Durian Post|date=October 28, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304141142/https://durianburgdavao.wordpress.com/2012/10/28/rody-duterte-kill-my-son-paolo-if-he-is-involved-in-crime/|archivedate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> Duterte's father Vicente died in 1968 while his mother Soledad died on February 4, 2012, at the age of 95.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lacorte |first=Germelina |date=February 5, 2012 |title=Duterte matriarch dies at 95 |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/140077/duterte-matriarch-dies-at-95 |newspaper=] |location= |access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref> Zimmerman was diagnosed with ] ] in 2015.<ref name="Zimmerman"></ref> | |||
Duterte's father, Vicente, died in 1968 while his mother, Soledad, died on February 4, 2012, at the age of 95.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lacorte |first=Germelina |date=February 5, 2012 |title=Duterte matriarch dies at 95 |newspaper=] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/140077/duterte-matriarch-dies-at-95 |access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Duterte has been publicly very open about his infidelity and philandering while married to Zimmerman and cited it as the reason for his failed first marriage when asked in interviews. In 1998, Zimmerman filed a petition with the ] in ] to nullify her marriage. Duterte never appeared in court and did not contest Zimmerman's petition. Two years later, the court decided in her favor, ending the 27-year marriage of Duterte and Zimmerman. Duterte and Zimmerman have been on good terms in recent years with Zimmerman stating, "Yes, he is really a very good leader. That is all he is. But when it comes to family, he is not capable of taking care of it." In 2001, Zimmerman eventually ran for a seat on the city council but lost. Duterte and Zimmerman are said to have patched things up and appear to be civil to each other, 15 years after their marriage was declared null and void. Zimmerman eventually joined the campaign trail for Duterte's presidential candidacy in early 2016 called ''Byaheng Du30'' in which she would travel by bus to major cities together with her daughter Sara and a number of delegates.<ref name="Zimmerman" /> | |||
In 1973, Duterte married ], a flight attendant of ] descent<ref name="CNNPH-ZimmermanDigong">{{Cite news |last=Andolong |first=Ina |date=June 24, 2016 |title=Elizabeth Zimmerman: Digong still takes care of me |work=] |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/06/24/Duterte-Elizabeth-Zimmerman-Honeylet-Avancena.html |access-date=May 11, 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627055954/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/06/24/Duterte-Elizabeth-Zimmerman-Honeylet-Avancena.html |archive-date=June 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ranada |first=Pia |date=October 4, 2016 |title=Jewish community applauds Duterte after apology |work=] |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/148217-philippines-president-rodrigo-duterte-apology-jewish-community/ |access-date=May 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005124333/https://www.rappler.com/nation/148217-philippines-president-rodrigo-duterte-apology-jewish-community/ |archive-date=October 5, 2016}}</ref> who traces her roots in ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Macasero |first=Ryan |date=April 13, 2016 |title=Duterte's ex-wife: It's not true he kills innocent people |work=] |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/129329-duterte-ex-wife-elizabeth-zimmerman-campaign/ |access-date=May 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511112742/https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/129329-duterte-ex-wife-elizabeth-zimmerman-campaign/ |archive-date=May 11, 2022}}</ref> They have three children (from eldest to youngest): ] ("Pulong"), ] ("Inday Sara") and ] ("Baste").<ref name="CNNPH-ZimmermanDigong" /> Pulong and Inday Sara both entered politics while Baste, with no interest in politics, concentrated on business and surfing but eventually ran and won as vice mayor of Davao City in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 14, 2016 |title=Duterte son answers call of campaign |language=en |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/773343/duterte-son-answers-call-of-campaign |access-date=May 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314141937/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/773343/duterte-son-answers-call-of-campaign |archive-date=March 14, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cabico |first=Gaea Katreena |date=May 14, 2019 |title=Dutertes cement grip on Davao City politics after a widely expected victory |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/05/14/1917770/dutertes-cement-grip-davao-city-politics-after-widely-expected-victory |access-date=May 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514150705/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/05/14/1917770/dutertes-cement-grip-davao-city-politics-after-widely-expected-victory |archive-date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Sara was elected as ] in ].<ref name="ABSCBN-DutertePopularity" /> | |||
Duterte is currently living with his ] Cielito "Honeylet" Avanceña, a nurse, with whom he has one daughter named Veronica ("Kitty"). Duterte has eight grandchildren, half of whom are Muslims and the other half Christian.<ref name="Duterte22"/><ref name="BoholNewsToday-Conflict">{{cite news|title=Duterte wants conflict with Muslims settled|url=http://boholnewstoday.com/201501/duterte-wants-conflict-with-muslims-settled.html|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=Bohol News Today|date=January 13, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603155536/http://boholnewstoday.com/201501/duterte-wants-conflict-with-muslims-settled.html|archivedate=June 3, 2016}}</ref><ref name="SunStarDavao-CallingDuterte">{{cite news|last1=Ledesma|first1=Jun|title=Calling Duterte|url=http://archive.sunstar.com.ph/davao/opinion/2015/02/12/ledesma-calling-duterte-391700|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=Sun.Star Davao|date=February 12, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930011541/http://archive.sunstar.com.ph/davao/opinion/2015/02/12/ledesma-calling-duterte-391700|archivedate=September 30, 2015}}</ref> | |||
Duterte has been publicly open about his infidelity while married to Zimmerman and cited it as the reason for his failed marriage. In 1998, Zimmerman filed a petition in the ] of ] to nullify her marriage. Duterte never appeared in court and did not contest Zimmerman's petition. Two years later, the court decided in her favor, ending the 27-year marriage of Duterte and Zimmerman.<ref name="Hofilena-2015" /> Duterte and Zimmerman have been on good terms in recent years,<ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite news |title=Duterte's ex-wife skips cancer treatments to launch campaign caravan |work=] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/561578/news/nation/duterte-s-ex-wife-skips-cancer-treatments-to-launch-campaign-caravan/}}</ref> with Zimmerman stating: "Yes, is really a very good leader. That is all he is. But when it comes to family, he is not capable of taking care of it."<ref name="Hofilena-2015">{{cite news |last1=Hofilena |first1=Chay |title='Philandering' Rodrigo Duterte cause of marriage annulment |url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/inside-track/100729-philandering-rodrigo-duterte-marriage-annulment/ |access-date=November 16, 2024 |work=] |date=July 28, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729035551/https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/inside-track/100729-philandering-rodrigo-duterte-marriage-annulment/ |archive-date=July 29, 2015}}</ref> | |||
===Ancestry=== | |||
Rodrigo Duterte has identified himself as hailing from both Cebu and Leyte. His heritage includes Portuguese, Spanish, Chinese, Arabic, Malaysian, as well as indigenous descent. | |||
Duterte is currently living with his ] ], a former nurse, with whom he has one daughter named Veronica ("Kitty"). Duterte has eleven grandchildren, half of whom are Muslims and the other half Christian,<ref name="BoholNewsToday-Conflict">{{Cite news |date=January 13, 2015 |title=Duterte wants conflict with Muslims settled |work=Bohol News Today |url=http://boholnewstoday.com/201501/duterte-wants-conflict-with-muslims-settled.html |access-date=September 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603155536/http://boholnewstoday.com/201501/duterte-wants-conflict-with-muslims-settled.html |archive-date=June 3, 2016}}</ref> and two great-grandchildren.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mercado |first=Neil Arwin |date=June 9, 2019 |title=Meet Rodrigo III, the President's first great-grandson |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1128293/meet-rodrigo-iii-the-presidents-first-great-grandson |access-date=June 11, 2019}}</ref> | |||
On his paternal side, he shares familial ties with some of the prominent families of the Visayas, particularly the Almendrases & Duranos of ];<ref name="duterte-durano-almendras">Brothers Facundo & Severo Duterte both married women from Danao; Severo's daughter Beatriz married post-War business magnate Ramon M. Durano, Sr. Their descendants constitute the modern-day political family of the Duranos of ]. Ramon M. Durano, Sr.'s sister Elisea married Paulo Almendras, and their descendants constitute the modern-day Almendrases of Cebu. One of their descendants, ] is a former ].<br /> | |||
*'''Sources''': | |||
**{{cite web|last1=Apostol|first1=Gina|title=Paltik Candidate: Duterte and the Duranos of Danao|url=https://ginaapostol.wordpress.com/2016/05/08/paltik-candidate/|accessdate=September 14, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914161722/https://ginaapostol.wordpress.com/2016/05/08/paltik-candidate/|archivedate=September 14, 2016|date=May 8, 2016}} | |||
**{{cite web|title=The Race to Halalan 2016: The Genealogy of Rodrigo Duterte|url=https://fil-gen-pro.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-race-to-halalan-2016-genealogy-of.html|website=Filipino Genealogy Project|accessdate=September 14, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914162037/https://fil-gen-pro.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-race-to-halalan-2016-genealogy-of.html|archivedate=September 14, 2016|date=November 24, 2015}} | |||
**{{cite news|last1=Figueroa|first1=Antonio V.|title=The Duterte Bloodline|url=http://www.edgedavao.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=23920:the-duterte-bloodline&catid=51:on-the-cover&Itemid=265|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=EDGE Davao|date=December 5, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914162402/http://www.edgedavao.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=23920:the-duterte-bloodline&catid=51:on-the-cover&Itemid=265|archivedate=September 14, 2016}}</ref> as well as shared ancestral descent from the Velosos of ].<ref name="diogoveloso">The Velosos claim descent from ] (a 16th-century Portugese explorer who was recorded to have stopped by the Philippines), who supposedly established a profitable business in the Philippines in the mid-1700's. Duterte's lineage is traced from Diego Veloso's great-great-grandson Eduardo Veloso who is the grandfather of Maximo Veloso. | |||
* '''Source''': {{cite web|title=The Race to Halalan 2016: The Genealogy of Rodrigo Duterte|url=https://fil-gen-pro.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-race-to-halalan-2016-genealogy-of.html|website=Filipino Genealogy Project|accessdate=September 14, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914162037/https://fil-gen-pro.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-race-to-halalan-2016-genealogy-of.html|archivedate=September 14, 2016|date=November 24, 2015}} | |||
</ref> | |||
On his paternal side, Duterte shares familial ties with some of the prominent families of the Visayas, particularly the Almendrases and Duranos of ].{{efn|name="duterte-durano-almendras"|Brothers Facundo & Severo Duterte both married women from Danao; Severo's daughter Beatriz married post-War business magnate Ramon M. Durano, Sr. Their descendants constitute the modern-day political family of the Duranos of ]. Ramon M. Durano, Sr.'s sister Elisea married Paulo Almendras, and their descendants constitute the modern-day Almendrases of Cebu. One of their descendants, ] is a former ].<ref><!-- The following blogs were previously cited, but I have removed them in accordance with WP:BLPSPS. The unusual citation style of this section makes this difficult -- material that can only be attributed to blogs should be removed, but figuring out how much of this comes from reliable sources will be difficult. User:Hijiri88, October 2016. | |||
His maternal lineage is part-Chinese but mostly Moro of indigenous Maranao-Kamayo descent, with distant traces of Islamic royalty.<ref name="roa">The Roas of Leyte are one of the descendants of Rajah Moda Samporna (born c.1760), a warrior noble from the ] ] ] ]. After a failed slave-raiding party against the local Bukidnon villages, Rajah Samporna and his people made a settlement in Kalambagohan (modern-day ]) and married a daughter of the local ''datu'' (as well as 2 other women), siring 4 male children (2 of them from the legal wife). When Rajah Samporna's family were baptized into the Christian faith in 1779, they were given the surname ''Neri'' (from which the modern-day Neris of Cagayanon descend). Other descendants include the Pelaezes, Cabilis, Chavezes, Emanos, etc.<br />According to Maguindanaoan ''tarsila''s as well as Malaysian genealogy experts, Rajah Samporna's ancestor is believed to be ], a Muslim missionary of ]-] ethnicity from ]e (his mother was the daughter of ] of ]), who arrived in Mindanao around 1515 (landing near modern-day ]) and ] and settled down in ]; as well as becoming the first ]. Accordingly, Rajah Samporna's lineage can then be traced to the bloodlines of ] (]), Maruhom Baraguir (]), & ] (]).<br />Thru Sharif Kabungsuwan's father Sharif 'Ali Zein ul-'Abidin from ], accordingly he is the great-great-grandson of ].<br /> | |||
https://ginaapostol.wordpress.com/2016/05/08/paltik-candidate/ | |||
*'''Source''': | |||
https://fil-gen-pro.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-race-to-halalan-2016-genealogy-of.html | |||
**{{cite web|last1=Montalvan|first1=Antonio J. II|title=Folklore, Fakelore and the Ethnolinguistic History of the name Cagayan|url=http://abonitalla.com/heritage/folklore-fakelore-and-the-ethnolinguistic-history-of-the-name-cagayan.htm|website=Abonitalla|accessdate=September 14, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630192529/http://abonitalla.com/heritage/folklore-fakelore-and-the-ethnolinguistic-history-of-the-name-cagayan.htm|archivedate=June 30, 2016|date=November 4, 2007}} | |||
-->{{Cite news |last=Figueroa |first=Antonio V. |date=December 5, 2015 |title=The Duterte Bloodline |work=EDGE Davao |url=http://www.edgedavao.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=23920:the-duterte-bloodline&catid=51:on-the-cover&Itemid=265 |access-date=September 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914162402/http://www.edgedavao.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=23920:the-duterte-bloodline&catid=51:on-the-cover&Itemid=265 |archive-date=September 14, 2016}}</ref>}} His distant uncle, former Senator ], was one of his original supporters when he first ran for mayor of Davao City in ]. | |||
</ref> | |||
{{ahnentafel top}} | |||
<center> | |||
{{ahnentafel-compact5 | |||
| style = font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; | |||
| border = 1 | |||
| boxstyle = padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; | |||
| boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc; | |||
| boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9; | |||
| boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc; | |||
| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc; | |||
| boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe; | |||
| 1 = 1. '''Rodrigo Duterte''' | |||
| 2 = 2. ] | |||
| 3 = 3. ] | |||
| 4 = 4. Facundo Duterte<ref name="duterte-durano-almendras" /> | |||
| 5 = 5. Zoila Gonzáles | |||
| 6 = 6. Eleno Roa<ref name="roa" /> | |||
| 7 = 7. Fortunata Gonzáles | |||
| 8 = 8. Isabelo Duterte<br />(''illegitimate'')<ref name="duterte-veloso">Maximo Veloso ''y'' Rojas del Rosario (Eduardo Veloso's grandson; married to Maria Paz Roxas and sired 9 children) had an affair with an unidentified female Duterte (who most likely hailed from Pari-an, Cebu City; her ancestors Bernardo Duterte & Dominga Guzman, who originally hailed from southern Cebu, married & lived in Cebu City in the 1790's) and brought forth their only son Isabelo. Even though Isabelo invariably used ''Veloso'' and ''Duterte'' as his surnames (and even ''Duterte y Veloso''), his sons Facundo & Severo used '''''Duterte''''' (as attested by legal records); disproving some records saying Máximo eventually married the unindetified Duterte. In some records, her first name was recorded as Dionisia or Francisca; yet her exact name is still unclear.<br /> | |||
* '''Sources''': | |||
**{{cite web|title=The Race to Halalan 2016: The Genealogy of Rodrigo Duterte|url=https://fil-gen-pro.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-race-to-halalan-2016-genealogy-of.html|website=Filipino Genealogy Project|accessdate=September 14, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914162037/https://fil-gen-pro.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-race-to-halalan-2016-genealogy-of.html|archivedate=September 14, 2016|date=November 24, 2015}} | |||
**{{cite news|last1=Bagares|first1=Gavin Sanson|title=‘Kanto boy’? Duterte is so ‘de buena familia’ (‘sa totoo lang’)|url=http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/229627/kanto-boy-duterte-is-so-de-buena-familia-sa-totoo-lang|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=May 29, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910004726/http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/229627/kanto-boy-duterte-is-so-de-buena-familia-sa-totoo-lang|archivedate=September 10, 2016}} | |||
**{{cite web|title=Concepción Buot|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Concepci%C3%B3n-Buot/6000000038844419937|website=Geni.com|accessdate=September 14, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807094811/https://www.geni.com/people/Concepci%C3%B3n-Buot/6000000038844419937|archivedate=August 7, 2016}}</ref> | |||
| 9 = 9. Concepción "Dámasa" Buot<ref name="duterte-veloso" /> | |||
| 10 = | |||
| 11 = | |||
| 12 = | |||
| 13 = | |||
| 14 = | |||
| 15 = | |||
| 16 = 16. Máximo Veloso<ref name="diogoveloso" /> | |||
| 17 = 17. ?<ref name="duterte-veloso" /> Duterte<br />(''first name unidentified'') | |||
| 18 = | |||
| 19 = | |||
| 20 = | |||
| 21 = | |||
| 22 = | |||
| 23 = | |||
| 24 = | |||
| 25 = | |||
| 26 = | |||
| 27 = | |||
| 28 = | |||
| 29 = | |||
| 30 = | |||
| 31 = | |||
}} | |||
</center> | |||
{{ahnentafel bottom}} | |||
===Religion=== | ===Religion=== | ||
] | |||
Despite being raised as a communicant of the ], on January 19, 2016, while meeting with businessmen in ], Manila, Duterte clarified that he has not attended ] for quite some time already since he deemed it incompatible with his mayoral responsibilities: "''(Kung) pakinggan ko 'yang'' Ten Commandments, ''pati 'yong pari diyan, wala na akong magagawa sa pagka-''mayor'' ko''" ("If I listened to the ] or to the priests, I would not be able to do anything as a mayor"). He then clarified that he still believes in God, but not in religion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/05/20/1585212/duterte-says-he-believes-god-not-religion |last=Romero |first=Alexis |title=Duterte says he believes in God but not in religion |website=Philstar.com |date=May 20, 2016 |accessdate=September 2, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Despite being raised as a communicant of the ], on January 19, 2016, Duterte clarified that he had not attended ] for quite some time already since he deemed it incompatible with his mayoral responsibilities: "If I listened to the ] or to the priests," said Duterte, "I would not be able to do anything as a mayor."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Romero |first=Alexis |date=May 20, 2016 |title=Duterte says he believes in God but not in religion |work=] |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/05/20/1585212/duterte-says-he-believes-god-not-religion |access-date=September 2, 2016}}</ref> Duterte has described himself as ] in 2016<ref name="Christian">{{Cite news |date=May 23, 2016 |title=Duterte slams Church as hypocritical institution |newspaper=] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/787033/duterte-slams-church-as-hypocritical-institution |access-date=November 6, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Torres-2016">{{Cite news |author=Torres, Hazel |date=June 29, 2016 |title=Duterte vows to promote birth control in the Philippines, says he's a Christian but believes 'in one god Allah' |work=] |url=http://www.christiantoday.com/article/duterte.vows.to.promote.birth.control.in.the.philippines.says.hes.a.christian.but.believes.in.one.god.allah/89535.htm |access-date=November 6, 2016}}</ref> and "]" in 2018, expressing that he "can't accept" Catholicism or ] but also that he is neither an ] nor an ].<ref name="PNAGovPH-Agnostic" /><ref name="Newshub-2018">{{Cite news |date=July 8, 2018 |title=Rodrigo Duterte doubles down on attack on God, asks for proof |work=Newshub |url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/world/2018/07/rodrigo-duterte-doubles-down-on-attack-on-god-asks-for-proof.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708062249/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/world/2018/07/rodrigo-duterte-doubles-down-on-attack-on-god-asks-for-proof.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 8, 2018}}</ref> He has referred to God as ]<ref name="Torres-2016" /> and has been quoted as saying: "a part of me which is ]".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Esguerra |first=Darryl John |title=Duterte: Part of me is Islam |newspaper=] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1074758/duterte-part-of-me-is-islam}}</ref> | |||
During his presidency, Duterte and the ] exchanged frequent criticisms. In response to the rising death toll in Duterte's war on drugs, the ] (CBCP) in February 2017 issued a strongly-worded ] which was read in church services; the letter highlighted that " is considered as normal", and "to consent and keep silent in front of evil is to be an accomplice to it".<ref name="Patag-2018">{{cite news |last1=Patag |first1=Kristine Joy |title=Barbs and the Bible: The continuing clashes between Duterte and Bishop David |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/11/27/1872186/barbs-and-bible-continuing-clashes-between-duterte-and-bishop-david |access-date=July 31, 2024 |work=] |date=November 27, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213171126/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/11/27/1872186/barbs-and-bible-continuing-clashes-between-duterte-and-bishop-david |archive-date=December 13, 2018}}</ref> Duterte later lambasted Catholic bishops, telling them "not use the ]", reviling them as "sons of bitches", remarking that some of them are gay, and urging street bums to rob and kill them.<ref name="Aurelio-Corrales-2019">{{cite news |last1=Aurelio |first1=Julie M. |last2=Corrales |first2=Nestor |title=Duterte renews attack on Church, dares gay bishops to come out |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1072259/duterte-renews-attack-on-church-dares-gay-bishops-to-come-out |access-date=July 31, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=January 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112012010/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1072259/duterte-renews-attack-on-church-dares-gay-bishops-to-come-out |archive-date=January 12, 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Notable among the bishops Duterte criticized was Caloocan Bishop ], a vocal critic of the Duterte administration's war on drugs. Duterte accused David of being involved in illegal drugs and stealing church donations,<ref name="Patag-2018" /> after which the CBCP came to David's defense and vouched for his integrity.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Santos |first1=Tina G. |title=Bishops defend David from Duterte allegations |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1058595/bishops-defend-david-from-duterte-allegations |access-date=July 31, 2024 |newspaper=] |date=November 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207034528/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1058595/bishops-defend-david-from-duterte-allegations |archive-date=December 7, 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Citing continued criticism from Catholic bishops, Duterte's verbal attacks on the Catholic Church escalated in mid-2018 to early 2019,<ref name="Patag-2018" /><ref name="Aurelio-Corrales-2019" /> during which he challenged the Catholic Church to show evidence of the existence of God, while expressing his belief in "one Supreme God" and "a universal mind somewhere which controls the universe".<ref name="PNAGovPH-Agnostic">{{Cite news |date=July 7, 2018 |title=Duterte: I'm not agnostic, not atheist |work=] |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1040733}}</ref><ref name="Newshub-2018" /> In one of his harshest vitriol in June 2018, he remarked that God was "stupid" for permitting ] to tempt ] in ] in the ]; though the controversial statement was later clarified by his spokesperson as Duterte's "personal opinion",<ref name="AlJazeera-GodRemark">{{Cite news |last=Regencia |first=Ted |date=June 25, 2018 |title=Duterte's 'stupid God' quip is his 'personal opinion' – spokesman |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/06/duterte-stupid-god-quip-personal-opinion-spokesman-180625082730103.html |access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref> it contributed to Duterte's quarterly approval rating dipping to its lowest at 45%.<ref name="Nicolas-2018" /> Efforts by the Church to rally public support against the administration's war on drugs, however, were less effective due to Duterte's domestic popularity and high trust ratings.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Maresca |first1=Thomas |title=Duterte's bloody drug war draws potent foe: Catholic church |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/04/25/duterte-roman-catholic-church-philippines/100461312/ |access-date=July 31, 2024 |work=] |date=April 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425200227/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/04/25/duterte-roman-catholic-church-philippines/100461312/ |archive-date=April 25, 2017}}</ref> | |||
]'s (center) ] show, ''Give Us This Day'', in 2019.]] | |||
Duterte considers his close friend, pastor ] of the ] (KJC), as his spiritual adviser.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mercado |first1=Neil Arwin |title=Duterte to say if Quiboloy will remain as spiritual adviser — Palace |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1517306/duterte-to-say-if-quiboloy-will-remain-as-spiritual-adviser-palace |access-date=July 16, 2023 |newspaper=] |date=November 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119070956/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1517306/duterte-to-say-if-quiboloy-will-remain-as-spiritual-adviser-palace |archive-date=November 19, 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Tan |first1=Alyssa Nicole O. |title=Palace: Duterte's spiritual adviser can defend himself |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/the-nation/2022/04/04/440152/palace-dutertes-spiritual-adviser-can-defend-himself/ |access-date=July 16, 2023 |work=] |date=April 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524142339/https://www.bworldonline.com/the-nation/2022/04/04/440152/palace-dutertes-spiritual-adviser-can-defend-himself/ |archive-date=May 24, 2022}}</ref> Duterte would become estate administrator of the properties KJC in March 2024, following Senate inquiries launched against the church and Quiboloy.<ref name="PhilStar-PropertyAdmin" /> | |||
In his post-presidency in January 2024, Duterte visited the wake of CBCP president Fernando Capalla in ], during which he stated he attends Masses thrice every Sunday; he further added "I am a very holy man. I'm a whole human being now".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tocmo |first1=Hernel |title=Church critic Duterte claims he now attends 3 Masses on Sundays |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/01/07/24/duterte-claims-he-now-attends-3-masses-on-sundays |access-date=October 14, 2024 |work=] |date=January 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241014040007/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/01/07/24/duterte-claims-he-now-attends-3-masses-on-sundays |archive-date=October 14, 2024}}</ref> | |||
===Health=== | ===Health=== | ||
] in ], Laos on September 7, 2016]] | |||
Duterte personally disclosed that he suffers from ], an inflammation of blood vessels mostly in the limbs that has been traced to previous habitual smoking, contrary to earlier rumors of throat cancer.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Frialde|first1=Mike|title=Duterte: I may not last 6 years in office|url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/12/10/1531028/duterte-i-may-not-last-6-years-office|accessdate=December 17, 2015|work=The Philippine Star|date=December 10, 2015}}</ref> | |||
Duterte has ], an inflammation of blood vessels, mostly in the limbs, and ], wherein esophageal cells are gradually replaced by gastrointestinal cells. He has denied rumors of ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Frialde |first=Mike |date=December 10, 2015 |title=Duterte: I may not last 6 years in office |work=] |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/12/10/1531028/duterte-i-may-not-last-6-years-office |access-date=December 17, 2015}}</ref> | |||
Duterte admitted in December 2016 that he had been a user of the addictive ] drug ]. He said that a doctor prescribed the drug to alleviate back pain and headaches, but that he would take more than he was prescribed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 14, 2016 |title=Philippines President Duterte admits killing suspects |work=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/12/14/asia/duterte-philippines-davao-killings/ |access-date=December 17, 2016}}</ref> Duterte later denied that he was a drug addict, and a spokesman stated that he was not affected by side-effects of the drug, which include confusion, anxiety, and ]s.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 16, 2016 |title=Philippines: Duterte confirms he personally killed three men |work=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-38337746 |access-date=December 17, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Duterte has boasted about his use of ]: "When I was young, I could do overnight, which is more expensive. When I got old, I could do short time only because I have such a short time left. After one erection, that's it. No more. Without Viagra, it's even more difficult."<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 6, 2016 |title=Duterte's shocking, shrewd shot at the Philippine presidency |work=Channel NewsAsia |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/duterte-s-shocking-shrewd/2761902.html |url-status=dead |access-date=October 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005202611/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/duterte-s-shocking-shrewd/2761902.html |archive-date=October 5, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ranada |first=Pia |date=November 30, 2015 |title=Rodrigo Duterte: Yes, I'm a womanizer |work=] |url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2016/114416-rodrigo-duterte-womanizer |access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref> | |||
A psychological assessment of Duterte was commissioned by a doctor named Natividad Dayan during Duterte's marriage annulment to Elizabeth Zimmerman in July 1998. The result was that Duterte (then Davao City mayor) was found to have "] ] personality disorder", exemplified by "gross indifference, insensitivity and self-centeredness", and a "grandiose sense of self-entitlement and manipulative behaviours". According to the assessment, he had a "pervasive tendency to demean, humiliate others and violate their rights and feelings", and was "unable to reflect on the consequences of his actions."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Samuels |first=Gabriel |title=Philippines president Rodrigo Duterte mental health assessment reveals tendency to 'violate rights and feelings' |work=] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/philippines-president-rodrigo-duterte-mental-health-psychological-condition-a7355891.html |access-date=June 1, 2019}}</ref> | |||
In a speech to the Filipino community in ], Duterte revealed that he has ], a neuromuscular disease, which makes his eye droop.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 6, 2019 |title=Philippine President Duterte says he has muscle disease that causes eyelid to droop |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/philippine-president-duterte-says-he-has-muscle-disease-that-causes-eyelid-to-droop |access-date=October 6, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gregorio |first=Xave |date=October 6, 2019 |title=Duterte reveals he has a neuromuscular disease |work=] |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/10/6/Rodrigo-Duterte-health-myasthenia-gravis.html |access-date=October 6, 2019 |archive-date=October 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006081624/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/10/6/Rodrigo-Duterte-health-myasthenia-gravis.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
==Honors and awards== | |||
Duterte declined an honorary doctor of laws degree offered by the ] amid opposition from members of the university.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mateo |first1=Janvic |title=Duterte declines UP honorary doctorate |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/04/20/1687534/duterte-declines-honorary-doctorate |access-date=May 25, 2023 |work=] |date=April 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915201238/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/04/20/1687534/duterte-declines-honorary-doctorate |archive-date=September 15, 2018}}</ref> On March 28, 2023, the Davao City Council passed a resolution declaring every March 28—Duterte's birthday—as "Duterte Day" in recognition for the "great and continuing contribution" of Duterte to the city and the Philippines.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Colina |first1=Antonio IV |title=Davao City Council declares March 28 as Duterte Day |url=https://mb.com.ph/2023/3/28/davao-city-council-declares-march-28-as-duterte-day |access-date=March 30, 2023 |work=] |date=March 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328153952/https://mb.com.ph/2023/3/28/davao-city-council-declares-march-28-as-duterte-day |archive-date=March 28, 2023}}</ref> Duterte received an honorary ] degree from his alma mater, San Beda College of Law, in November 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=51 years later: San Beda honors Rody Duterte with Juris Doctor degree |url=https://politics.com.ph/2023/11/29/51-years-later-san-beda-honors-rody-duterte-with-juris-doctor-degree/snitch-network/ |access-date=December 3, 2023 |work=] |date=November 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203085043/https://politics.com.ph/2023/11/29/51-years-later-san-beda-honors-rody-duterte-with-juris-doctor-degree/snitch-network/ |archive-date=December 3, 2023}}</ref> | |||
===National honors=== | |||
* ] (KGCR) – (2017)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nawal |first=Allan |title=Duterte conferred with highest Knights of Rizal award |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/874729/duterte-conferred-with-highest-knights-of-rizal-award |access-date=February 24, 2017 |newspaper=]}}</ref> | |||
* Awards for Promoting Philippines-China Understanding (APPCU), '''Hall of Fame''' – (2023)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Manahan |first1=Job |title=Ex-President Duterte skips awards promoting 'PH-China understanding' |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/06/08/23/duterte-skips-awards-promoting-ph-china-understanding |access-date=June 8, 2023 |work=] |date=June 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230608231949/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/06/08/23/duterte-skips-awards-promoting-ph-china-understanding |archive-date=June 8, 2023}}</ref> | |||
===Foreign honors=== | |||
Duterte was conferred an ] for ] or foreign diplomacy<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 6, 2019 |title=PRRD receives honorary doctorate from top Russian school |work=] |url=https://ptvnews.ph/pangulong-duterte-ginawaran-ng-honorary-doctorate-degree-sa-moscow/ |access-date=March 14, 2022}}</ref> from the ] on October 5, 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mendez |first=Christina |date=October 8, 2019 |title=With Russian honorary doctorate, Duterte preaches about climate change |work=] |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/10/08/1958366/russian-honorary-doctorate-duterte-preaches-about-climate-change |access-date=March 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008130305/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/10/08/1958366/russian-honorary-doctorate-duterte-preaches-about-climate-change |archive-date=October 8, 2019}}</ref> | |||
*{{flagicon|Malaysia}} ] | |||
**{{flagicon|Johor}} ]: Grand Knight of The Most Esteemed ], 1st Class (SMIJ) – '''Dato'''' (2019)<ref>{{Cite news |title=It's Datuk Duterte now after Johor Sultan, Philippine leader meet-up |work=] |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/11/its-datuk-duterte-now-after-johor-sultan-philippine-leader-meetup/ |access-date=July 11, 2019}}</ref> | |||
*{{flagicon|Brunei}} ] | |||
**] – (2017) | |||
==See also== | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
==Notes== | |||
{{Notelist}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ |
{{Reflist|30em}} | ||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
* {{Cite journal |last=Juego |first=Bonn |date=2017 |title=The Philippines 2017: Duterte-led authoritarian populism and its liberal-democratic roots |url=https://www.asiamaior.org/files/Philippines-Juego_AM-2017.pdf |journal=Asia Maior; the Journal of the Italian Think Tank on Asia Founded by Giorgio Borsa in 1989 |publisher=Viella s.r.l. & Associazione Asia Maior |volume=XXVIII |pages=129–163 |issn=2385-2526 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201172711/https://www.asiamaior.org/files/Philippines-Juego_AM-2017.pdf |archive-date=December 1, 2022 |access-date=December 1, 2022}} | |||
* {{cite web|title=The Punisher|url=http://eyeforaneye.vice.com/editorial/the-punisher|website=Eye for an Eye|publisher=(]) Bethesda Softworks LLC|accessdate=September 14, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310043457/http://eyeforaneye.vice.com/editorial/the-punisher|archivedate=March 10, 2016}} | |||
* {{Cite web |title=The Punisher |url=http://eyeforaneye.vice.com/editorial/the-punisher |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310043457/http://eyeforaneye.vice.com/editorial/the-punisher |archive-date=March 10, 2016 |access-date=September 14, 2016 |website=Eye for an Eye |publisher=(]) Bethesda Softworks LLC}} | |||
* {{cite news|last1=O’Neill|first1=Marnie|title=Horrific pictures: 300 dead in Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte’s national drug crackdown|url=http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/real-life/news-life/horrific-pictures-300-dead-in-philippine-president-rodrigo-dutertes-national-drug-crackdown/news-story/deaf7d9f72745baf629c36beb1951940|accessdate=September 14, 2016|work=News.com.au|date=August 2, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910020236/http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/real-life/news-life/horrific-pictures-300-dead-in-philippine-president-rodrigo-dutertes-national-drug-crackdown/news-story/deaf7d9f72745baf629c36beb1951940|archivedate=September 10, 2016}} | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* Leaked US cable, January 20, 2005 | |||
{{commons}} | |||
* Leaked cable to US Secretary of State, May 8, 2009 | |||
{{wikiquote}} | |||
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705235049/http://president.gov.ph/ |date=July 5, 2012 }} | |||
* | |||
{{Navboxes | |||
* | |||
|title = Offices and distinctions | |||
* {{Facebook|rodyduterte}} | |||
|list1 = | |||
{{S-start}} | |||
{{s-start}} | |||
{{s-off}} | {{s-off}} | ||
{{s-bef|before=Cornelio Maskariño}} | |||
{{s-ttl|title=]<br />Officer in Charge|years=1986–1987}} | |||
{{s-aft|after=Gilbert Abellera}} | |||
{{s-bef|before=Jacinto Rubillar}} | |||
{{s-ttl|title=]|years=1988–1998}} | |||
{{s-aft|after=Benjamin de Guzman}} | |||
{{s-bef|before=Benjamin de Guzman}} | |||
{{s-ttl|title=]|years=2001–2010}} | |||
{{s-aft|after=]}} | |||
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=]}} | |||
{{s-ttl|title=]|years=2010–2013}} | |||
{{s-aft|after=]}} | |||
{{s-ttl|title=]|years=2013–2016}} | |||
{{s-aft|after=]}} | |||
{{s-bef|before=]}} | {{s-bef|before=]}} | ||
{{s-ttl|title=]|years= |
{{s-ttl|title=]|years=2016–2022}} | ||
{{s-aft|after=]}} | |||
{{s-par|ph-lwr}} | |||
{{s-bef|before=]}} | |||
{{s-ttl|title=Member of the ]<br />from ]'s ] district|years=1998–2001}} | |||
{{s-aft|after=]}} | |||
{{s-ppo}} | |||
{{s-bef|before=]|as=Chairman of ]}} | |||
{{s-ttl|title=Chairman of ]|years=2016–present}} | |||
{{s-inc}} | {{s-inc}} | ||
{{s-vac|last=]}} | |||
{{s-end}} | |||
{{s-ttl| title = ] nominee for President of the Philippines| years = ]}} | |||
{{s-non|reason=Most recent<br><small>] and ] withdrew ] ahead of ]</small>}} | |||
{{s-intgov}} | |||
{{s-bef|before=]}} | |||
{{s-ttl|title=Chairperson of ]|years=2017}} | |||
{{s-aft|after=]}} | |||
{{s-prec}} | |||
{{s-bef|before=]|as=Former President}} | |||
{{s-ttl|title=]<br />{{small|''as Former President''}}}} | |||
{{s-aft|after=]|as=]}} | |||
{{S-end}} | |||
}} | |||
{{Rodrigo Duterte}} | {{Rodrigo Duterte}} | ||
{{Navboxes | {{Navboxes | ||
|title=Articles related to Rodrigo Duterte | |||
|list1= | |list1= | ||
{{Philippine presidents}} | {{Philippine presidents}} | ||
{{Duterte Cabinet}} | {{Duterte Cabinet}} | ||
{{Current EAS Leaders}} | |||
{{Current ASEAN Leaders}} | |||
{{Current APEC Leaders}} | |||
{{Candidates in the Philippine presidential election, 2016}} | {{Candidates in the Philippine presidential election, 2016}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Subject bar | |||
{{Authority control|GND=1111898847|VIAF=105146937702613830629}} | |||
|commons = y | |||
<!-- |n = y | |||
|n-search = Category:Rodrigo Duterte --> | |||
<!-- |wikt = | |||
|wikt-search = Category:en:Rodrigo Duterte --> | |||
|q = y | |||
|s = y | |||
|s-search = Author:Rodrigo Duterte | |||
|d = y | |||
|d-search = Q457786 | |||
|portal1=Biography|portal2=Politics|portal3=Philippines}} | |||
{{Authority control}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Duterte, Rodrigo}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Duterte, Rodrigo}} | ||
] | ] | ||
] | ] | ||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | ] | ||
] | ] | ||
] | ] | ||
] | ] | ||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | ] | ||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | ] | ||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] |
Latest revision as of 08:43, 7 January 2025
President of the Philippines from 2016 to 2022 "DU30" and "Duterte" redirect here. For his presidential campaign stylized as "DU30", see Rodrigo Duterte 2016 presidential campaign. For others with the surname, see Duterte (surname).In this Philippine name, the middle name or maternal family name is Roa and the surname or paternal family name is Duterte.
Rodrigo Duterte | |
---|---|
Official portrait, 2016 | |
16th President of the Philippines | |
In office June 30, 2016 – June 30, 2022 | |
Vice President | Leni Robredo |
Preceded by | Benigno Aquino III |
Succeeded by | Bongbong Marcos |
19th Mayor of Davao City | |
In office June 30, 2013 – June 30, 2016 | |
Vice Mayor | Paolo Duterte |
Preceded by | Sara Duterte |
Succeeded by | Sara Duterte |
In office June 30, 2001 – June 30, 2010 | |
Vice Mayor | Luis Bonguyan (2001–07) Sara Duterte (2007–10) |
Preceded by | Benjamin de Guzman |
Succeeded by | Sara Duterte |
In office February 2, 1988 – March 19, 1998 | |
Vice Mayor | Dominador Zuño Jr. (1988–92) Luis Bonguyan (1992–95) Benjamin de Guzman (1995–98) |
Preceded by | Jacinto Rubillar (OIC) |
Succeeded by | Benjamin de Guzman (acting) |
Vice Mayor of Davao City | |
In office June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2013 | |
Mayor | Sara Duterte |
Preceded by | Sara Duterte |
Succeeded by | Paolo Duterte |
In office May 2, 1986 – November 27, 1987 Officer In Charge | |
Mayor | Zafiro Respicio |
Preceded by | Cornelio Maskariño (OIC) |
Succeeded by | Gilbert Abellera (OIC) |
Member of the House of Representatives from Davao City's 1st district | |
In office June 30, 1998 – June 30, 2001 | |
Preceded by | Prospero Nograles |
Succeeded by | Prospero Nograles |
Chairman of Partido Demokratiko Pilipino | |
Incumbent | |
Assumed office February 7, 2016 | |
President | Koko Pimentel Manny Pacquiao Alfonso Cusi Jose Alvarez Robin Padilla |
Preceded by | Ismael Sueno |
Chairman of the Davao City Liberal Party | |
In office 2009 – February 21, 2015 | |
Preceded by | Peter Laviña |
Personal details | |
Born | Rodrigo Roa Duterte (1945-03-28) March 28, 1945 (age 79) Maasin, Leyte, Philippine Commonwealth |
Political party | Partido Demokratiko Pilipino (1998–2009; 2015–present) Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod (local party; 2011–present) |
Other political affiliations | Liberal (2009–15) Nacionalista (1990–98) Lakas ng Dabaw (1988) |
Spouse |
Elizabeth Zimmerman
(m. 1973; ann. 2000) |
Domestic partner | Honeylet Avanceña (c. 1996–present) |
Relations | Duterte family |
Children | Paolo Sara Sebastian Veronica |
Parent(s) | Vicente Duterte Soledad Roa |
Residence | Davao City |
Education | Holy Cross College of Digos (secondary) |
Alma mater | Lyceum of the Philippines University (BA) San Beda College (LL.B) |
Signature | |
Rodrigo Duterte's voice
Rodrigo Duterte affirms the Philippines v. China arbitral ruling before the United Nations General Assembly. Recorded September 22, 2020 | |
Rodrigo Roa Duterte KGCR (English: /dəˈtɜːrteɪ/, Tagalog: [ɾodˈɾiː.ɣo ˈɾoː.ɐ dʊˈtɛːɾ.tɛ] ; born March 28, 1945), also known as Digong, Rody, and by the initials DU30 and PRRD, is a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the 16th president of the Philippines from 2016 to 2022. He is the chairperson of Partido Demokratiko Pilipino (formerly PDP–Laban), the ruling political party in the Philippines during his presidency. Duterte is the first president of the Philippines to be from Mindanao, and is the oldest person to assume office, beginning his term at age 71.
Born in Maasin, Leyte (now in Southern Leyte), Duterte moved to Davao as a child where his father, Vicente Duterte, served as provincial governor. He studied political science at the Lyceum of the Philippines University, graduating in 1968, before obtaining a law degree from San Beda College of Law in 1972. He then worked as a lawyer and was a prosecutor for Davao City, before becoming vice mayor and, subsequently, mayor of the city in the wake of the 1986 People Power Revolution. Duterte won seven terms and served as mayor of Davao for over 22 years, during which the once crime-ridden city became peaceful and investor-friendly.
Duterte's 2016 presidential campaign led to his election victory. During his presidency, his domestic policy focused on combating the illegal drug trade by initiating the controversial war on drugs, fighting crime and corruption, and intensified efforts against terrorism and communist insurgency. He launched a massive infrastructure plan, initiated liberal economic reforms, streamlined government processes, and proposed a shift to a federal system of government which was ultimately unsuccessful. He also oversaw the controversial burial of Ferdinand Marcos, the 2017 Battle of Marawi, and the government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. He declared the intention to pursue an "independent foreign policy", and strengthened relations with China and Russia. He initially announced his candidacy for vice president in the 2022 election; in October 2021, he said he was retiring from politics. The next month, he filed his candidacy for senator but withdrew it on December 14.
Duterte's political positions have been described as populist, as well as nationalist. His political success has been aided by his vocal support for the extrajudicial killing of drug users and other criminals. His career has sparked numerous protests and attracted controversy, particularly over human rights issues and his controversial comments. Duterte has repeatedly confirmed to have personally killed criminal suspects during his term as mayor of Davao. Extrajudicial killings that were allegedly committed by the Davao Death Squad between 1998 and 2016 during Duterte's mayoralty have also been scrutinized by human-rights groups and the Office of the Ombudsman. The victims were mainly alleged drug users, alleged petty criminals, and street children. The International Criminal Court opened a preliminary investigation into Duterte's drug war in 2018, prompting Duterte to withdraw the Philippines from the body in response. He is the only president in the history of the Philippines not to declare his assets and liabilities. Duterte's popularity and domestic approval rating remained relatively high throughout his presidency and by the end of his term, he was the most popular post-People Power Revolution president.
Early years
Rodrigo Roa Duterte was born on March 28, 1945, in Maasin, Southern Leyte. His father was Vicente Gonzales Duterte (1911–1968), a Cebuano lawyer, and his mother, Soledad Gonzales Roa (1916–2012), was a schoolteacher from Cabadbaran, Agusan and a civic leader of Maranao and Spanish mestizo descent. Duterte has said that his grandfather was Chinese and hailed from Xiamen in Fujian, China. Duterte has four siblings: Eleanor, Jocelyn, Emmanuel and Benjamin.
Duterte's father was mayor of Danao, Cebu, and subsequently the provincial governor of (the then-undivided) Davao province. Rodrigo's cousin Ronald was mayor of Cebu City from 1983 to 1986. Ronald's father, Ramon Duterte, also held that position from 1957 to 1959. The Dutertes consider the Cebu-based political families of the Durano and the Almendras clan as relatives. Duterte also has relatives from the Roa clan in Leyte through his mother's side. Duterte's family lived in Maasin, and in his father's hometown in Danao, until he was four years old. Duterte was heavily influenced by his mother, who unlike Vicente was a staunch anti-Marcos activist, which led the young Duterte to have a divided opinion on the Marcoses. Duterte later said Marcos could have been the best president, but unfortunately he was a dictator. The Dutertes initially moved to Mindanao in 1948 but still went back and forth to the Visayas until 1949. They finally settled in the Davao Region in 1950. Vicente worked as a lawyer engaged in private practice. Soledad worked as a teacher until 1952, when Vicente entered politics.
Education and early law career
Duterte went to Laboon Elementary School in Maasin for a year. He spent his remaining elementary days at Santa Ana Elementary School in Davao City, where he completed his primary education in 1956. He finished his secondary education in the High School Department of Holy Cross College of Digos (now Cor Jesu College) in Digos, Davao province, after being expelled twice from previous schools, including one in the Ateneo de Davao University (AdDU) High School due to misconduct. He graduated in 1968 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science at the Lyceum of the Philippines in Manila.
Duterte obtained a law degree from San Beda College of Law in 1972, passing the bar exam in the same year. He worked as a professor in the national police academy, and was a member of an organization called Nationalist Alliance for Justice, Freedom and Democracy. He later served as the OIC vice mayor of Davao City, assisting evacuees from Davao City remote areas and working for the release of soldiers captured by the New Peoples Army (NPA). Eventually, he became a special counsel at the City Prosecution Office in Davao City from 1977 to 1979, fourth assistant city prosecutor from 1979 to 1981, third assistant city prosecutor from 1981 to 1983, and second assistant city prosecutor from 1983 to 1986.
Sexual abuse claims
Duterte has claimed he was sexually abused by a priest when he was a minor. After he was challenged by the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) and AdDU officials to name the priest and file a case against him, Duterte then revealed the priest's name as Mark Falvey (d. 1975). The Jesuits of the Society of Jesus in the Philippines confirmed that according to press reports in the United States, in May 2007, the Society of Jesus agreed to a tentative payout of US$16 million to settle claims that Falvey sexually abused at least nine children in Los Angeles from 1959 to 1975. Accusations against Falvey began in 2002 but he was never charged with a crime. In May 2008, the Diocese of Sacramento paid a $100,000-settlement to a person allegedly raped and molested by Mark's brother, Arthur Falvey. However, it was not clearly indicated in the report if Mark Falvey was assigned at the Jesuit-run Ateneo de Davao.
When asked why he did not complain when the abuse supposedly happened, Duterte claimed that he was too young to complain about the priest's abuse and was intimidated by authorities at that time. He also stated that he never disclosed that information after he was expelled and moved to a different high school and especially not to his family.
Shooting of student at law school
Duterte stated at a rally in April 2016 that he shot a fellow student who had bullied him about his Visayan origin as well as other students of the same ethnicity, while at San Beda law college. He said, "But the truth is, I'm used to shooting people. When we were about to graduate from San Beda, I shot a person." Duterte said that he shot the student in a corridor at the college when the said student called him names again. He later told a reporter that the student survived, but refused to answer any further questions about the incident.
However, in an interview aired on 24 Oras and published on the official GMA News Online website on April 22, 2016, retired labor arbiter Arthur Amansec said Duterte and Octavio Goco at that time were both playing with a gun as it was normal for students to bring guns to school in the seventies. Amansec is Duterte's former classmate in San Beda College who witnessed the incident. He added that "the bullet hit the school's wooden floor and was embedded there." Amansec emphasized that Duterte and Goco remained friends until Goco died in the United States years later.
Political career in Davao City
See also: 1989 Davao hostage crisisAfter the 1986 People Power Revolution that toppled the regime of President Ferdinand Marcos, Duterte was appointed officer-in-charge vice mayor of Davao City by President Corazon Aquino. In the 1988 local elections, he ran for mayor under the banner of Lakas ng Dabaw, defeating former OIC Mayor Zafiro Respicio by a margin of 6,000 votes.
As mayor of Davao City, Duterte made efforts to unite the different tribes and political groups in the city. He set a precedent by designating deputy mayors to represent the administrative districts, as well as the Lumad and Moro peoples in the city government; this was later copied by other cities in other parts of the Philippines.
In December 1990, Duterte joined the Nacionalista Party upon the persuasion of Senator Juan Ponce Enrile. In 1992, he successfully defended his seat from 1st district representative Prospero Nograles. In 1995, after Flor Contemplacion, a Filipina, was executed in Singapore after confessing to a double murder, Duterte allegedly burned a flag of Singapore (though this claim was later denied) and joined 1,000 employees of Davao City in protest.
In 1998, because he was term-limited to run again for mayor, Duterte ran and won as congressman of the city's 1st district under the Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino (LAMMP). He was a member of five House committees, namely: National Defense, Public Order and Security, Health, Transportation and Communications, and Cooperative Development. He filed 64 measures, including 45 bills, with one enacted into law—Republic Act No. 8969, which declared the third Friday of August a special holiday in Davao City. He expressed disinterest with his new post, describing it as less engaging compared to his time as mayor. He attempted to resign in 1999 after his son Paolo was accused of mauling a hotel guard, but both House Speaker Manny Villar and President Joseph Estrada declined his resignation.
In 2001, he ran again for mayor of Davao against his former ally, Mayor Benjamin de Guzman. He won against de Guzman and was elected for a fourth term. He was re-elected in 2004, defeating de Guzman for the second time, and in 2007 with virtually no opposition.
In 2010, he was elected vice mayor, succeeding his daughter Sara, who was elected as mayor.
In 2013, Davao City sent rescue and medical teams to Tacloban to give aid to the victims of Typhoon Haiyan (locally known in the country as Typhoon Yolanda). Financial assistance was also given to Bohol and Cebu for earthquake victims.
Duterte also passed Davao City's Women Development Code, which aims "to uphold the rights of women and the belief in their worth and dignity as human beings". Duterte banned swimsuit competitions in beauty pageants in Davao City. He gained prominence for supporting the first-ever Gawad Kalinga Village inside a jail facility in Davao City. It is a home-type jail with ten cottages built inside the compound, which now serve as homes for female inmates.
Law and order
During Duterte's tenure as mayor, Davao City experienced economic boom and a significant decrease in crime from being a conflict-ridden area between communists and right-wing groups during the 1970s and 1980s, and is constantly rated as among the safest in the country. The city also ranks high in the world according to crowdsourced survey site Numbeo, a narrative that gained currency in the national media, creating a widespread public perception that has been a significant factor in establishing support for his nationwide drug policy. The city was also awarded "Most Child-Friendly City for Highly-Urbanized Category" in 1998, 1999, 2013 and 2014.
Under Duterte's watch, the city council imposed a prohibition on selling, serving, drinking, and consuming alcoholic beverages from 01:00 until 08:00 each morning. Duterte signed Executive Order No. 39, reducing the speed limits for all kinds of motor vehicles within the territorial jurisdiction of Davao City in the interest of public safety and order. Duterte also signed Executive Order No. 04 creating the implementing of rules and regulations for a new comprehensive anti-smoking ordinance. A firecracker ban was also implemented by the City Council through the support of Duterte. Davao acquired 10 ambulances for central 911 intended for medical emergencies and 42 mobile patrol vehicles and motorcycles for the Davao City Police Office. Duterte, through Executive Order No. 24, ordered all shopping malls and commercial centers to install, operate and maintain high end and high definition closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras at all entrance and exit points of their premises.
In September 2015, Duterte was contacted by a restaurant owner in Davao City after a local tourist refused to comply with the city's public anti-smoking ordinance. The then-mayor went to the restaurant and had the tourist choose to be shot at his crotch, have himself imprisoned, or swallow his cigarette butt; the tourist chose the latter and apologized to Duterte. Duterte was then met with criticisms especially from the Commission on Human Rights (CHR).
Alleged involvement with Davao Death Squad
Main article: Davao Death Squad Further information: Philippine drug war § Senate committee, and Philippine drug war § Arturo LascañasDuterte has been linked by human rights groups such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch to extrajudicial killings of over 1,400 alleged criminals and street children by vigilante death squads. In the April 2009 UN General Assembly of the Human Rights Council, the UN report (Eleventh Session Agenda item 3, par 21) said, "The Mayor of Davao City has done nothing to prevent these killings, and his public comments suggest that he is, in fact, supportive." Duterte emphasized that the concept of human rights for criminals is Western and should not apply to the Philippines; he further challenged human rights officials to file a case against him if they could provide evidence of his links with vigilante groups.
We're the ninth-safest city. How do you think I did it? How did I reach that title among the world's safest cities? Kill them all .
— Duterte, May 15, 2015
Duterte frequently expressed his support for the extrajudicial killings that occurred during his tenure as Davao City mayor, while alternately denying and admitting his links to them. During his post-presidency in October 2023, he admitted on his talk show program Gikan sa Masa, para sa Masa to using intelligence funds to finance the extrajudicial killings done during his time as mayor.
Federalism advocacy
Main article: Federalism and Rodrigo DuterteIn September 2014, Duterte and former mayors and governors, calling themselves the Mindanao Council of Leaders, advocated for a federalist government. A month later, Duterte attended an event sponsored by the Federal Movement for a Better Philippines in Cebu City.
In December 2014, Duterte held a summit entitled "Mindanaons Forging Unity Toward a Federal System of Government".
2016 presidential campaign
Main article: Rodrigo Duterte 2016 presidential campaign Further information: 2016 Philippine presidential electionProspects of Duterte running for president in the 2016 elections began in February 2015, during which Duterte, then outgoing Mayor of Davao City, re-entered the PDP-Laban party, who courted him to run for president. A month later, Duterte emerged as a preferred presidential candidate in a Pulse Asia poll; tied with Manila mayor and former president Joseph Estrada, Duterte ranked third behind Senator Grace Poe and frontrunner, Vice President Jejomar Binay. In the following months leading to October, however, Duterte repeatedly declined his supporters' clamors for him to run as president because of what he described as a "flawed government system", as well as lack of funds and opposition from his family members—notably, from his daughter Sara. Additionally, Duterte said he will retire from politics after his mayorship ends, but only if Sara runs as mayor.
In an unforeseen development, PDP-Laban standard bearer Martin Diño withdrew his candidacy on October 29 and named Duterte as his substitute. A month later, Duterte formally announced his presidential bid and accepted Alan Peter Cayetano's offer to be his running mate; Duterte also named Sara as his substitute for Mayor of Davao City.
During his campaign, Duterte gained distinction for his emphatic anti-crime message and push to reduce "Imperial Manila's" dominance. At the same time, he made controversial remarks, including promising to kill tens of thousands of criminals and eradicate crime in six months. He also said his presidency would be "a bloody one", and that he would pardon himself, the police, and soldiers accused of human rights abuses at the end of his six-year term. Duterte also apologized after saying out of anger when recalling the events that he "should have been first" to rape Jacqueline Hamill, an Australian missionary who was gang-raped and killed during the 1989 Davao hostage crisis. After the United States' and Australia's ambassadors to the Philippines criticized him for the rape comments, Duterte threatened to sever diplomatic ties with the countries if elected.
Constitutional reform
Main article: Federalism and Rodrigo DuterteDuterte campaigned for decentralization and a shift to a federal government during the 2016 presidential election. In an October 2014 forum organized by Federal Movement for a Better Philippines in Cebu City prior to joining the presidential race, the then-mayor of Davao City called for the creation of two federal states for Moro people as a solution to the problems besetting Mindanao. Mayor Duterte said that Nur Misuari and his Moro National Liberation Front do not see eye-to-eye with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front which the administration of President Benigno Aquino III had inked a peace deal with. He also said that the "template of the Bangsamoro Basic Law is federal", but what is granted to the Bangsamoro should also be granted to other Moro groups and other regions in the country. In a dialogue with the Makati Business Club prior to the elections, Duterte said he is open to "toning down the Constitution" to accommodate more foreign investors to the Philippines. He also said he is open to up to 70 percent foreign ownership of businesses in the country and foreign lease of lands up to 60 years, but will "leave it to Congress to decide".
Election to the presidency
On May 30, 2016, the 16th Congress of the Philippines proclaimed Duterte as the president-elect of the Philippines after he topped the official count by the Congress of the Philippines for the 2016 presidential election with 16,601,997 votes, 6.6 million more than his closest rival, Mar Roxas. Camarines Sur representative Leni Robredo on the other hand, was proclaimed as the vice president-elect of the Philippines with 14,418,817 votes, narrowly defeating Senator Bongbong Marcos by 263,473 votes.
Duterte's election victory was attributed to growing public dissatisfaction on the perceived failures of administrations that followed the 1986 EDSA Revolution. It was also aided by a strong social media and grassroots fanbase and the endorsement of the influential Iglesia ni Cristo, known for its block-voting.
Presidency (2016–2022)
Main article: Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte See also: Presidential transition of Rodrigo Duterte and Inauguration of Rodrigo DutertePresidential styles of Rodrigo Duterte | |
---|---|
Reference style | President Duterte, His Excellency (rarely used) |
Spoken style | Your Excellency (rarely used) |
Alternative style | Mr. President, President, Mayor |
Duterte was inaugurated as the sixteenth president of the Philippines on June 30, 2016, succeeding Benigno Aquino III. At age 71, Duterte became the oldest person elected to the presidency, the first local chief executive to get elected straight to the Office of the President, the second Cebuano president (after Sergio Osmeña), and the first Visayan president from Mindanao.
Early actions
Further information: First 100 days of Rodrigo Duterte's presidencyShortly after his inauguration, Duterte held his first Cabinet meeting to lay out their first agenda, which included the country's disaster risk reduction management, decongesting Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Manila; he also expressed his ideas and concerns regarding the territorial disputes in the South China Sea prior to the announcement of the verdict of the Philippines' arbitration case against China over the issue, which the Philippines later won. On July 4, he issued his first executive order, allowing his Cabinet Secretary to supervise over several agencies that focus on poverty reduction. He called for the reimposition of capital punishment in the country to execute criminals involved in "heinous" crimes, such as illegal drug trade, insisting on hanging.
During his first 100 days in office, Duterte issued an executive order on freedom of information, launched an intensified campaign against illegal drugs, sought to resume peace talks with communist insurgents, formulated a comprehensive tax reform plan, led efforts to pass the Bangsamoro Basic Law, made efforts to streamline government transactions, launched the nationwide 9–1–1 rescue and 8888 complaint hotlines, established a one-stop service center for overseas Filipino workers, and increased in the combat and incentive pay of soldiers and police personnel.
Duterte made moves to limit US visiting troops in the country, and has reached out to China and Russia to improve relations. He launched tirades against international critics, particularly, United States President Barack Obama, the US government, the United Nations, and the European Union, which expressed condemnation to his unprecedented war on drugs that led to the deaths of about 3,300 people, half of which were killed by unknown assailants, and the arrest of 22,000 drug suspects and surrender of about 731,000 people.
Following the September 2 bombing in Davao City that killed 14 people in the city's central business district, on September 3 Duterte declared a "state of lawlessness", and on the following day issued Proclamation No. 55 to officially declare a "state of national emergency on account of lawless violence in Mindanao". On December 7, Duterte signed Executive Order No. 10 creating a consultative committee to review the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines.
Duterte adjusted to working and residing at the Malacañang Palace by dividing his workweek between Manila and Davao City, spending three days in each city and utilizing the Malacañang of the South while in Davao.
A Pulse Asia survey conducted from July 2–8 showed that Duterte had a trust rating of 91%, the highest of the six presidents since the Marcos dictatorship. In December 2016, Duterte was ranked 70th on Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People.
Domestic policy
Economic policy
Further information: DuterteNomicsDuterte's socioeconomic policies, referred to as DuterteNomics, include tax reform, infrastructure development, social protection programs, and other policies to promote economic growth and human development in the country. Finance Secretary Carlos Dominguez III has said that the government required what he describes as an "audacious" economic strategy in order for the Philippines to "catch up with its more vibrant neighbors" by 2022 and help it achieve high-income economy status within a generation. The term DuterteNomics was coined to describe the economic policy of the Duterte administration.
Duterte initiated liberal economic reforms to attract foreign investors. In March 2022, he signed Republic Act No. 11647 which amended the Foreign Investment Act of 1991, effectively relaxing restrictions on foreign investments by allowing foreigners to invest in a local enterprise up to 100% of its capital. He signed Republic Act No. 11659, amending the 85-year-old Public Service Act, allowing full foreign ownership of public services, which include airports, expressways, railways, telecommunications, and shipping industries, in the country.
Duterte reformed the country's tax system in an effort to make the country's tax system fairer, simpler, and more efficient. In December 2017, he signed Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Law (TRAIN Law) which excludes those earning an annual taxable income of ₱250,000 and below from paying the personal income tax, while raising higher excise taxes on vehicles, sugar-sweetened beverages, petroleum products, tobacco and other non-essential goods. Revenues collected from the TRAIN law will help fund the administration's massive infrastructure program. In March 2021, to attract more investments and maintain fiscal stability, Duterte signed the Corporate Recovery and Tax Incentives for Enterprises (CREATE) Act, reducing the 30 percent corporate income tax rate to 25 percent for firms with assets above ₱100 million and to 20 percent for smaller firms. Duterte raised sin taxes on tobacco and vapor products in July 2019, and alcohol beverages and electronic cigarettes in January 2020, to fund the Universal Health Care Act and reduce incidence of deaths and diseases associated with smoking and alcohol consumption.
Duterte's tax reform program has garnered both support and criticism. Critics have argued that the administration's tax policy would burden the poor. The implementation of the TRAIN Law triggered protests from various left-wing groups. On January 15, 2018, protesters gathered at various public market sites, calling for the revocation of TRAIN. However, proponents of the program cite its appeal to foreign investors and economic benefits as the main reasons behind tax reform.
Infrastructure development
Main article: Build! Build! Build!To reduce poverty, encourage economic growth, and reduce congestion in Metro Manila, the Duterte administration launched its comprehensive infrastructure program, Build, Build, Build, on April 18, 2017. The program, which forms part of the administration's socioeconomic policy, aimed to usher in the country's "Golden Age of Infrastructure" by increasing the share of spending on public infrastructure in the country's gross domestic product (GDP) from 5.4 percent in 2017 to 7.4 percent in 2022. The administration, in 2017, shifted its infrastructure funding policy from public-private partnerships (PPPs) of previous administrations to government revenues and official development assistance (ODA), particularly from Japan and China, but has since October 2019 engaged with the private sector for additional funding.
The administration revised its list of Infrastructure Flagship Projects (IFPs) under the Build, Build, Build program from 75 to 100 in November 2019, then to 104, and finally, to 112 in 2020, expanding its scope to include health, information and communications technology, and water infrastructure projects to support the country's economic growth and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Some major projects include the Subic-Clark Railway, the North–South Commuter Railway from New Clark City to Calamba, Laguna, the Metro Manila Subway, the expansion of Clark International Airport the Mindanao Railway (Tagum-Davao-Digos Segment), and the Luzon Spine Expressway Network By April 2022, 12 IFPs have been completed by the administration, while 88 IFPs, which were on their "advanced stage", have been passed on to the succeeding administration for completion.
From June 2016 to July 2021, a total of 29,264 kilometres (18,184 mi) of roads, 5,950 bridges, 11,340 flood control projects, 222 evacuation centers, and 150,149 elementary and secondary classrooms, and 653 COVID-19 facilities under the Build, Build, Build program had been completed.
War on Drugs
Main article: Philippine Drug WarDuterte placed the Philippines' illegal drugs problem at the forefront of his presidential campaign, warning the Philippines was at risk of becoming a narco-state. Upon entering office, Duterte began a nationwide crackdown against illegal drugs. At the forefront of the campaign's operations was Oplan Tokhang, which involved policemen knocking on the doors of suspected drug users and inviting them to surrender. Among Duterte's early actions included naming three Chinese nationals as alleged drug lords in the Philippines, calling for assistance from the New Peoples Army to join the crackdown, and publicly naming 150 public officials allegedly involved in the drug trade.
Concerns arose worldwide due to the rising death toll during police operations, and drug suspects reportedly fighting back ("nanlaban") was a common alibi of several policemen involved. At the height of the drug crackdown in his early presidency, Duterte urged the policemen to kill drug addicts, promising to pardon them for performing their duties; Duterte's call prompted thousands to surrender, and observers noted this assurance may have emboldened the police to allegedly execute suspects and plant evidence on them. In August 2016, opposition Senator Leila de Lima launched a probe into extrajudicial killings, focusing on cases that took place during Duterte's tenure as mayor of Davao City. De Lima presented as witness an alleged member of Davao City-based vigilante group Davao Death Squad, Edgar Matobato, who testified that Duterte was involved in extrajudicial killings in the city. Duterte dismissed the claims as a lie, and the Senate probe was terminated on October 13, 2016, for lack of evidence. Shortly after, Duterte implicated De Lima in the illegal drug trade during her tenure as Justice Secretary under the Aquino III administration. Though De Lima denied the claims, she was later imprisoned in February 2017 due to the drug charges. Two months later, Matobato's lawyer, Jude Josue Sabio, filed charges for crimes against humanity with the International Criminal Court against Duterte and 11 other officials.
Responding to public clamor, in October 2017, Duterte designated the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency to lead anti-drug operations and temporarily barred the police from joining the raids. Through an executive order he issued in October 2018, Duterte instituted a more balanced approach to the drug problem by establishing the Philippine Anti-Illegal Drugs Strategy, which ordered all government departments and state universities and colleges to implement their own strategies in tackling the country's illegal drug trade; the order also urged local government units, non-government organizations, and private institutions to support and implement the Strategy.
Duterte campaigned to eliminate illegal drugs in the country within three to six months, but later acknowledged he miscalculated the severity of the problem as he based his approach to that of Davao City during his tenure as the city's mayor. Stating it would take him his entire term to eradicate it, he cited the difficulty in border control due to the country's fragmented geography and lamented that several government officials and law enforcers were involved in drug trafficking. Before leaving office, he implored president-elect Bongbong Marcos to continue tackling the illegal drug problem, but declined an appointment offer as Marcos' drug czar, expressing a desire to retire. By the end of Duterte's term, the number of drug suspects killed since Duterte took office was officially tallied by the government as 6,252; human rights groups, however, claim drug casualties reached as high as 12,000 to 30,000.
Various international publications and media companies had claimed that Duterte's anti-drugs campaign was a war against the poor due to the abject poverty of those arrested or killed. On June 19, 2018, 38 United Nations member states released a collective statement through the United Nations Human Rights Council, calling on the Philippines and Duterte to end the killings in the war on drugs and cooperate in investigating human rights abuses. Though many human rights note that Duterte's war on drugs was a stain on his legacy, the anti-narcotics drive received domestic approval during his term, and 58% of the country's barangays were declared by the government cleared of illegal drugs by February 2022.
International Criminal Court
Further information: International Criminal Court investigation in the PhilippinesIn April 2017, a case was filed by lawyer Jude Sabio before the International Criminal Court (ICC), charging Duterte and 11 other officials with crimes against humanity in relation to the deaths of the controversial war on drugs; in response, outgoing ICC chief prosecutor Fatou Bensouda in early 2018 launched a preliminary examination into the charges against the accused. This prompted Duterte in March 2018 to initiate the withdrawal of the Philippines from the ICC, which took effect a year later, on March 17, 2019. Duterte rebuked the idea of allowing foreigners to meddle in the country's justice system and his administration emphasized that cases against him should be filed before the national courts. Additionally, he argued that the Rome Statute, which was ratified by the Senate in 2011, was never binding in the Philippines as it was never published in the Official Gazette, a requirement for a law in the country to take effect. For its part, the ICC reiterated that it maintains jurisdiction over crimes which took place before the withdrawal.
Stating that his 2017 case was an orchestrated move by the Liberal Party, notably Senators Antonio Trillanes and Leila de Lima, to discredit Duterte, Sabio retracted his allegations in January 2020 and requested the ICC to dismiss the case. The ICC rejected Sabio's request and asserted that it "cannot effectively destroy or return information once it is in its possession or control". Meanwhile, Duterte's ICC withdrawal was challenged before the Supreme Court by three petitions filed by the Philippine Coalition for the ICC, the Integrated Bar of the Philippines, and opposition senators; though the Court in March 2021 ultimately dismissed all three cases on the grounds that the petitioners were unable to establish legal standing to challenge the ICC withdrawal, the Court ruled that the President has no "unbridled authority" to withdraw from treaties.
The ICC, on September 16, 2021, eventually authorized a formal investigation into the war on drugs in the Philippines, focusing on crimes committed between 2016 and March 2019. In response, the Philippine government in November 2021 requested a deferral of the probe, which was suspended by the ICC to assess the request. Four days before Duterte left office, however, ICC prosecutor Karim Ahmad Khan requested the pre-trial chamber of the ICC to immediately resume the investigation after concluding that the deferral request was "not warranted". The succeeding Marcos administration initially declined to allow any ICC probe in the country due to sovereignty issues; however, due to tensions between the Duterte and Marcos political families, the Marcos administration is seen as increasingly open to cooperating with the ICC. Duterte stated he remains unfazed at the threat of arrest, saying he would rather "die first" before facing a foreign court. Salvador Panelo, who served as Duterte's chief legal counsel, alleged that Duterte's political opponents were using the ICC as a "political and propaganda apparatus".
Mindanao insurgency
Further information: Bangsamoro peace process and Moro conflictDuterte has said that Moro dignity is what the MILF and MNLF are struggling for, and that they are not terrorists. He acknowledged that the Moros were subjected to wrongdoing, historical and in territory.
Duterte was endorsed in the election by Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) leader Nur Misuari due to his background in Mindanao. Other Muslims also supported Duterte and denounced Roxas, the Aquino-supported pick.
On November 6, 2016, Duterte signed an executive order to expand the Bangsamoro Transition Commission to 21 members from 15, in which 11 will be decided by the MILF and 10 will be nominated by the government. The commission was formed in December 2013 and is tasked to draft the Bangsamoro Basic Law in accordance with the Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro.
Duterte signed the Bangsamoro Organic Law on July 26, 2018, which abolished the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao and provided for the basic structure of government for the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region, following the agreements set forth in the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro peace agreement signed between the Government of the Philippines and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front in 2014.
Duterte signed proclamations granting amnesty to members of the Moro National Liberation Front, and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front in February 2021.
Campaign against terrorism
At the start of 2016, experts warned the Philippines was at risk of having the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) set a foothold in the country. However, Duterte's predecessor, President Aquino III, dismissed the perpetrators of a March 2016 armed attack against the military as mere "mercenaries" wanting to join the ISIS. The earliest terrorist attacks in Duterte's presidency occurred in September 2016 in Davao City; November 2016 in Butig, Lanao del Sur; and in April to May 2017 in Inabanga, Bohol, where the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) attempted to establish a position in the Visayas. Though the military eventually quelled the sieges, the events were only a prelude to what would become Duterte's greatest challenge in combating terrorism.
Declaration of liberation of Marawi Rodrigo Duterte declares Marawi liberated from terrorist influence on October 17, 2017.Problems playing this file? See media help.
On May 23, 2017, Duterte was in his first state visit to Russia, where he met Russian president Vladimir Putin to realign the Philippines's foreign policy away from the United States; among his top priorities in the trip included the acquisition of Russian-made munitions to use against Islamic militants in restive Mindanao. At that time, the Philippine military was in an operation to capture ASG leader Isnilon Hapilon. Duterte cut short his trip and flew back to the Philippines after the Maute Group, which pledged allegiance to the ISIS, occupied the city of Marawi in Lanao del Sur. Upon returning, Duterte declared Martial law across Mindanao and ordered a major offensive on the city to retake it. The battle, which lasted for five months, became the country's longest urban warfare; the city, particularly the downtown area, was left in ruins, largely due to militant fire and military airstrikes, necessitating rehabilitation. Hapilon and Omar Maute were eventually killed, and on October 17, Duterte declared the city liberated from terrorist influence.
Citing the danger posed by Islamic terrorists, Congress, upon Duterte's requests, thrice granted the extension of martial law in Mindanao between 2017 and 2019. The moves drew criticism, particularly from rights groups, who claimed that the extensions were part of a campaign on stifling dissent. By the end of 2019, martial law in Mindanao lapsed, after which Duterte decided not to have it extended. In July 2020, Duterte signed the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020, which expanded the powers of the government to address the country's growing security challenges. In its enactment, the law repealed the Human Security Act of 2007, which was described by the 2020 law's proponents as weak and inadequate. However, the 2020 law received intense criticism, notably from the academia and rights groups, for allegedly being prone to abuse; a total of 37 petitions were filed by several groups asking the Supreme Court to have the law nullified, making the law the most assailed legislation in Philippine history; the Court ultimately upheld the validity of the law in December 2021, but struck two of the law's provisions.
As Duterte's term approached its end, the military intensified its efforts against Islamic terrorists, which continued to carry a series of attacks in Mindanao and Sulu; notable among these attacks involved suicide bombing, a tactic not commonly used by Filipino terrorists. In February 2021, Duterte created the National Amnesty Commission, which would process amnesty applications of former rebels and determine their eligibility. Additionally, he expanded his administration's reintegration program to include former violent extremists. From 2016–2021, 1,544 ASG members, 971 Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters members, and 1,427 Dawlah Islamiyah members were reportedly captured, killed, or surrendered.
Communist insurgency
Duterte described himself as left-leaning during his presidential campaign. As he initially had good relations with the left, he received campaign support from leftist groups, particularly in Mindanao. Duterte was a student of Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) founder Jose Maria Sison at Lyceum of the Philippines University, and Sison stated during the election campaign that Duterte was "the best President the Philippines can have since Marcos".
Upon Duterte's election into office, prospects of restarting peace talks between the Philippine government and the CPP-NPA-NDF, which stalled in 2011, gained momentum. Duterte temporarily released several communist prisoners, notably couples CPP-NPA chairman Benito and CPP-NPA secretary-general Wilma Tiamzon, to join the peace talks in Oslo. In addition, Duterte offered positions for left-leaning activists in his administration, notably in four executive departments: Agrarian Reform, Environment and Natural Resources, Social Welfare and Development, and Labor and Employment. In the months leading to 2017, however, the Duterte administration and the CPP accused each other of not being faithful to the ongoing peace negotiations. The CPP demanded from the administration the release of around 130 political detainees, which—along proposals of the CPP to form a "coalition government"— Duterte declined. Additionally, several leftists appointed by Duterte were rejected by the Commission on Appointments, while others resigned or were fired by Duterte amidst the tense relations. Compounding these were the continued clashes between the military and the NPA and the alternate declaration and lifting of ceasefire amid the ongoing peace talks;
On February 6, 2017, Duterte, citing continued attacks by the NPA on the military, formally terminated peace negotiations with the CPP-NPA-NDF, designated them as a terrorist organization and ordered the arrest of all NDF negotiators. Through an executive order he issued in December 2018, Duterte established the National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC), an inter-agency body that involved a whole-of-nation approach—from the national to local level— in addressing the root causes of communism. The NTF-ELCAC worked in close coordination with the military and focused on developing far-flung localities infiltrated by the NPA. Duterte also granted amnesty to former communist rebels and launched reintegration programs to support them and their families. Ultimately, in March 2019, he permanently terminated peace negotiations with the CPP-NPA-NDF, facilitating localized peace talks with the rebels.
Duterte left office with the number of NPA guerrilla fronts in the country reduced from 89 to 23, and about 20,579 communist rebels reportedly surrendered from 2016 to 2021. Despite its success in reducing communist insurgency in the country, Duterte's administration was marred by numerous allegations of red-tagging, notably the left-leaning Makabayan Bloc; Duterte and the military dismissed the red-tagging accusations and argued the government was merely "identifying" them as communist fronts. Duterte also received criticism after he threatened to order the military in mid-2017 to bomb Lumad schools, which he and the military suspected to shelter rebels and teach subversion. Additionally, the military and the NTF-ELCAC were denounced after they cited clandestine recruitment activities by the communist rebels within university campuses nationwide, notably in both state-run University of the Philippines and Polytechnic University of the Philippines. Several human rights organizations called on the succeeding Bongbong Marcos administration to abolish the NTF-ELCAC due to continued red-tagging allegations; the calls, however, were rejected by Marcos.
COVID-19 pandemic
Main articles: COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines and Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic Further information: COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines and COVID-19 vaccination in the PhilippinesWhen news about the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) spread around the world, Duterte initially understated the threat of the disease and urged the public to refrain from inciting anti-Chinese sentiment, which at that time saw a global rise. The first reported COVID-19 case in the Philippines was on January 30, 2020, prompting Duterte to issue bans on the entry of Chinese nationals from China and calling for calm. Duterte changed his tune in March, during which he placed the Philippines under a State of National Calamity and ordered a lockdown in Luzon. His administration opted to use what it described as "draconian measures" to control the contagion, and Duterte employed the military and police to enforce the public's strict adherence to quarantine and health protocols.
As countries were scrambling in securing COVID-19 vaccines for their own citizens, Duterte called for patience amid criticism. To expedite vaccine procurement, Duterte rejected creating a committee and designated Carlito Galvez Jr. as "vaccine czar", who had the gargantuan task of acquiring vaccines from other countries. Additionally, Duterte personally requested vaccines from world leaders, notably Chinese president Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin. China and Russia responded favorably, and the Duterte administration started its vaccination program on March 1, 2021, a day after receiving 600,000 CoronaVac vaccines sent by the Chinese government. Duterte also used the US-Philippines Visiting Forces Agreement as leverage in securing vaccines from the United States, threatening to scrap the military pact. In addition, in an apparent effort to help the Philippines gain access to US-developed vaccines, Duterte granted absolute pardon to US soldier Joseph Scott Pemberton, who was serving prison for killing transgender Jennifer Laude in 2014.
At the height of the pandemic in mid-2021, the Philippines was a COVID-19 hotspot in Asia; vaccine hesitancy was a problem, and many citizens opted to wait for Western vaccines to arrive. In exasperation, Duterte urged the public to undergo vaccination, threatening to arrest unvaccinated individuals and order local leaders to compile a list of defiant residents. In May 2021, to encourage the public that vaccines were safe, Duterte—acting on the advice of his doctor—publicly took the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine before it was approved for use by the Philippine Food and Drug Administration; his move, however, drew criticism since the general public had access to CoronaVac vaccines, which the public majority perceived to have lower efficacy. The backlash prompted Duterte to apologize, acknowledge the possibility of the Sinopharm vaccine's multiple side effects, and decide to pull out the vaccines. The public's prejudice against China's CoronaVac was later revealed in a Reuters 2024 report as the outcome of a US government-launched covert propaganda and disinformation campaign that aimed to erode the public's trust in China-developed vaccines.
Duterte gradually relaxed quarantine restrictions to revive the economy. Upon leaving office, Duterte's administration secured 245 million vaccine doses; about 70.5 million individuals had been fully vaccinated. Over 3.7 million COVID-19 cases were recorded since the onset of the pandemic, 3.69 million people had recovered from the disease, while 8,706 active cases remained. Though his administration successfully reached its target of vaccinating 70% of the Philippine population, Duterte, along with Health Secretary Francisco Duque III, was implicated in a scandal involving allegedly overpriced medical supplies and equipment. Critics highlighted that Duterte's administration purchased pandemic supplies from Pharmally Pharmaceutical, a company linked to Duterte's former economic adviser, Michael Yang. Duterte rejected the corruption allegations and emphasized that the supplies at the time of purchase were in high demand, hence, the high prices. A Senate probe, headed by Senate Blue Ribbon Committee chairman Richard Gordon, was initiated in August 2021 for alleged irregularities in the use of COVID-19 response funds amounting to ₱67 billion. A month before Duterte left office, Gordon released a draft report on the probe, which claimed that Duterte "betrayed public trust" for appointing Yang as economic adviser in 2018, prohibited his Cabinet and other officials from attending the hearings, and allegedly discredited the Senate and Commission on Audit. The report, however, failed to reach the Senate plenary for deliberation after it was signed by nine senators out of the 11 required signatures.
Energy and climate
The Duterte administration initially adopted a "technology neutral" policy in energy generation. Earlier in his term, Duterte stressed that coal remains the most viable source of energy if the Philippines is to accelerate industrialization, and questioned the sanctions imposed by the United States and European Union on smaller countries including the Philippines when the country's carbon footprint is not significant compared to the superpowers.
The administration shifted its energy policy to prefer renewable sources of energy later in Duterte's term. At his fourth State of the Nation address in July 2019, Duterte issued an order to cut coal dependence and hasten a transition to renewable energy. In October 2020, the energy department issued a moratorium on the construction of new coal power plants and favored renewable energy sources. On February 28, 2022, Duterte issued an executive order approving the inclusion of nuclear power in the country's energy mix.
To hasten the expansion of the nation's power capacity, Duterte established the inter-agency Energy Investment Coordinating Council tasked with simplifying and streamlining the approval process of big-ticket projects. On January 21, 2022, he signed a law promoting the use of microgrid systems in unserved and underserved areas to accelerate total electrification of the country. The administration made initiatives to liberalize the energy sector, allowing 100% foreign ownership in large-scale geothermal projects starting October 2020.
Duterte signed the Paris Agreement on Climate Change in March 2017, after initially having misgivings about the deal which he says might limit the country's industrialization. The Agreement was ratified by the Senate on March 15, 2017. Duterte said that rich countries producing the most carbon emissions must pay smaller countries for damage caused by climate change.
Government streamlining
Duterte introduced reforms to eliminate red tape in the government, and ordered government agencies to remove all processes which are "redundant or burdensome" to the public. Three weeks after assuming office, he issued his second executive order establishing Freedom of Information, allowing citizens to obtain documents and records from public offices under the executive branch to promote transparency in the government.
In May 2018, Duterte signed the Ease of Doing Business Act which aims to create a better business environment by reducing processing time, cutting bureaucratic red tape, and eliminating corrupt practices in all government agencies. In December 2020, he enacted a law authorizing the President to expedite the processing and issuance of national and local permits, licenses, and certifications, by suspending its requirements, in times of national emergency.
Duterte institutionalized the 8888 Citizens' Complaint Hotline in October 2016, allowing the public to report complaints on poor government front-line services and corrupt practices in all government agencies.
Health care
Duterte vowed to improve the health care system, certifying the Universal Healthcare Bill as an urgent measure as early as July 2018. In February 2019, he signed the Universal Health Care Act, which automatically enrolls all Filipinos under the government's health insurance program. He also enacted the National Integrated Cancer Control Act which establishes a "national integrated" program to control and prevent cancer by making treatment more accessible and affordable, and the Philippine Mental Health Law, which provides free mental health services down to the barangay level while requiring hospitals to provide psychiatric, psychosocial and neurologic services.
In December 2019, Duterte signed a law institutionalizing Malasakit Centers in all hospitals run by the Department of Health, allowing indigent patients to efficiently access financial medical assistance from various government agencies.
Duterte ordered the full implementation of the Reproductive Health Law, banned smoking in public places nationwide, and set a price cap on select medicines.
Education
Duterte signed the Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act in August 2017, providing free college education in all state universities and colleges nationwide. He signed a law establishing transnational higher education in the country, allowing foreign universities to offer degree programs in the Philippines in an effort to bring international quality standards and expertise into the country. He also signed medical scholarships for deserving students in state universities and colleges or partner private higher education institutions through the Doktor Para sa Bayan Act on December 23, 2020.
Duterte approved in January 2021 a law institutionalizing the alternative learning system (ALS), providing free education to those out of school. In March 2022, he enacted a law granting inclusive education for learners with disabilities.
On June 9, 2020, Duterte signed a law establishing the country's first National Academy of Sports in New Clark City, Capas, Tarlac.
Foreign policy
See also: List of international presidential trips made by Rodrigo DuterteThe Duterte administration has vowed to pursue what it describes as an "independent foreign policy" that would reject any meddling by foreign governments, reiterating Article II, Section 7 of the 1987 Constitution which states: "The State shall pursue an independent foreign policy. In its relations with other states the paramount consideration shall be national sovereignty, territorial integrity, national interest, and the right to self-determination." In September 2016, Duterte said: "We will observe and must insist on the time-honored principle of sovereignty, sovereign equality, non-interference and the commitment of peaceful settlements of dispute that will serve our people and protect the interests of our country."
Duterte made his first international trips as president to Vientiane, Laos and Jakarta, Indonesia on September 5–9, 2016.
Duterte pursued improved relations with China and Russia, and lessened the country's dependence on its traditional ally – the United States. He has adopted a cautious, pragmatic, and conciliatory stance towards China compared to his predecessor, and has set aside the previous administration's confrontational policy of asserting the Philippines' claims over the South China Sea and its islands.
Militant groups decry the ties between President Duterte and China over the Chinese occupation of contested waters and the reported harassment of the fishermen amidst the territorial disputes in the South China Sea. Also, while the United States is one of the countries critical to Philippine drug war campaign, most of the militant groups – particularly left-wing groups – also criticize Philippine-US relations due to the United States' "imperialism" and neoliberal policies.
Administration and cabinet
Main article: List of administration members in the presidency of Rodrigo Duterte This paragraph is an excerpt from Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte § Administration and cabinet. On May 31, 2016, a few weeks before his presidential inauguration, Duterte named his Cabinet, which consisted of former military generals, childhood friends, classmates, and leftist politicians. Following his presidential inauguration, he administered a mass oath-taking for his Cabinet officials, and held his first Cabinet meeting on June 30. He appointed his long-time personal aide Bong Go as Special Assistant to the President to provide general supervision to the Presidential Management Staff.2022 Philippine presidential election
Further information: Ronald dela Rosa and Bong Go 2022 presidential campaignsInitially stating that he "sees nobody deserving" to replace him as the next president, Duterte in August 2021 announced he would run for vice president in the upcoming 2022 national elections, drawing suspicions from critics that he would extend his term. Duterte's political party, the PDP–Laban Cusi faction, named its standard bearer: former Philippine National Police chief and Senator Ronald dela Rosa, who was widely suspected to be a placeholder for Duterte's daughter, Davao City mayor Sara. Duterte later withdrew his candidacy, announced his retirement from politics, and had his long-time aide, Senator Bong Go, substitute him.
Despite polls showing she was the preferred candidate for presidency, Sara unexpectedly decided to settle for the vice presidential race. This prompted dela Rosa to withdraw his candidacy, which Go would later fill in. Sara's move had Duterte dismayed and he initially retracted his planned retirement, announcing he would run for vice president. Ultimately, he decided not to face his daughter, endorsed a Go-Sara tandem, and declared his intent on running as Senator. In an unexpected turn of events, Sara decided to run in tandem with Bongbong Marcos, who announced his presidential candidacy. Stating his heart and mind contradicted his actions, Go later withdrew his presidential candidacy; shortly after, Duterte officially withdrew his senate bid.
Due to his high popularity, Duterte remained influential before the national elections as several presidential candidates were open to his endorsement. As the Cusi faction was left without a standard bearer following Go's withdrawal, allies of Duterte endorsed different candidates. The Cusi faction eventually endorsed presidential candidate Marcos and some officials called for Duterte to do the same. Stressing he would remain neutral, Duterte refused to heed their calls and insisted on endorsing only Sara as vice president and 17 senatorial candidates. Additionally, in an effort to protect their integrity, Duterte barred his Cabinet members from campaigning for any candidate. Despite non-endorsement, Duterte hinted on the next president's preferred qualities: decisive, compassionate, a good judge of a person, and preferably, a lawyer; this led a PDP-Laban official to believe Duterte gave a "virtual endorsement" for Vice President Leni Robredo, who was Marcos' chief rival in the presidential race. In March 2022, Go said Duterte briefly met with Marcos and gave him advice on the presidency, but could not say whether Duterte gave Marcos an endorsement.
By May 5, 2022, Duterte created a transition committee led by Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea to oversee the transition of power to the next administration. Several analysts believe Duterte had his popularity "inherited" by Marcos and Sara, who both won landslides in the election.
Impeachment efforts
Main article: Efforts to impeach Rodrigo Duterte This section is an excerpt from Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte § Impeachment attempt. On March 16, 2017, opposition politician Gary Alejano filed an impeachment complaint against Duterte citing thousands of deaths in Duterte's anti-drug campaign, alleged leadership of vigilante group Davao Death Squad, and allegations of graft and corruption. Alejano, on March 30, filed a supplemental complaint over Duterte's alleged inaction and "defeatist stance" in the South China Sea, Scarborough Shoal, and Benham Rise. On May 15, the House Justice Committee officially dismissed the charge by unanimous vote due to insufficient evidence after Alejano said he had no personal knowledge of the alleged offenses, having based his impeachment complaint on news reports and witness testimonies.Post-presidency (2022–present)
At the end of his presidency, Duterte returned to Davao City and kept a low profile. Former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, a political ally of Duterte, convinced him in September 2023 to actively participate in the Philippine political landscape. In January 2023, Duterte resumed hosting his weekly show, Gikan sa Masa, Para sa Masa (From the Masses, For The Masses), on SMNI; co-hosted by Duterte's friend and spiritual adviser Pastor Apollo Quiboloy, Duterte would speak about current political issues besetting the country. Some of Duterte's strong statements in the show, such as his opposition to the expansion of the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) sites in the Philippines, attracted attention and were covered by the media.
2023 visit to China
In July 2023, amid escalating tensions in the South China Sea, Chinese President Xi Jinping invited Duterte to Beijing. During the meeting, Xi asked Duterte to "play an important role" in improving Philippine-China relations, which were rapidly deteriorating under the Marcos administration that sought to gravitate towards the United States by expanding the number of bases American troops can access under the EDCA. As the meeting did not involve the Marcos administration, the event gained much attention, and the administration wanted details of the Xi-Duterte discussion. Duterte visited Malacanang Palace later and, in a closed-door session, discussed the matter with Marcos, though no further details were provided to the media.
Feud with the House and Marcos-Duterte rift
A rift between the Duterte and Marcos families had begun under House Speaker Martin Romualdez' leadership. In the House of Representatives, unconfirmed reports of Deputy House Speaker Gloria-Macapagal Arroyo allegedly attempting to unseat Romualdez as House Speaker circulated. Despite Arroyo dismissing the accusations, Arroyo was later demoted by the House from her senior deputy Speaker position.
Duterte's daughter, Vice President and Education Secretary Sara, subsequently resigned from the Romualdez-led Lakas-CMD and, in a veiled reference to Romualdez, called him a "tambaloslos". In October 2023, Sara requested Congress for the allocation of confidential funds for the office of the vice president (OVP) and the education department which can be used for the Reserve Officers' Training Corps program. Her requests came under intense scrutiny by the Senate and also the House, which was dominated by Romualdez' allies. Congress ultimately rejected her appeals while swiftly approving the confidential funds of the Office of the President; Sara eventually dropped her requests, reasoning that the move was being "divisive".
In the aftermath of events, Duterte criticized the House for denying his daughter's confidential funds; alleging a collusion between Romualdez and the left-wing Makabayan bloc, he demanded an audit of the House under Romualdez. Duterte's comments offended some House members including Romualdez, prompting the House to issue a loyalty check resolution in support of Romualdez; Duterte's political allies, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo and Congressman Isidro Ungab, were later expelled by the House from their Deputy House Speaker positions for failing to sign the House resolution. Several House members also pledged support for Romualdez, including a majority of members of Duterte's political party, PDP-Laban, who switched parties mostly to the Romualdez-led Lakas-CMD. After ACT Teachers Representative France Castro of the Makabayan Bloc pushed to remove the OVP and education department's confidential funds, Duterte urged Sara to reveal the use of such funds, which included the supposed killing of communists such as Castro. In response, Castro filed a legal case against Duterte for labeling her as a communist rebel and allegedly threatening her life; Castro's legal case was later denied by the Quezon City Prosecutor’s Office due to insufficient evidence.
SMNI suspension and ICC investigation
Despite sustained domestic popularity, Duterte found himself increasingly politically isolated. SMNI, which hosted his talk show Gikan sa Masa, Para sa Masa, was later suspended (first for 30 days, and later indefinitely) by the National Telecommunications Commission on grounds of alleged dissemination of fake information. Gikan was also suspended after ACT Teachers Representative France Castro filed a complaint against Duterte for allegedly threatening her life during one of the shows. Duterte initially intended to speak to Marcos about the SMNI suspension issue as it has affected his talk show, decrying the suspension as censorship. Additionally, the Liberal Party, who opposed Marcos' 2022 presidential campaign, were increasingly silent in criticizing the Marcos administration, instead, directing criticism at Duterte and his daughter, Vice President Sara. Duterte and his former aide, Senator Bong Go, also faced alleged plunder charges initiated in July 2024 by Duterte's staunch critic, former Senator Antonio Trillanes.
The Marcos administration also was seen as altering its stance, albeit discreetly, on controversial issues hounding Duterte. Despite Marcos' early assurance of the Philippines' non-cooperation on the looming International Criminal Court (ICC) investigation on Duterte's war on drugs, conflicting statements and moves by House Speaker Romualdez, the House, Marcos' Justice Secretary Crispin Remulla and Solicitor General Menardo Guevarra muddled the administration's official stance. In addition, Marcos limited his position on the matter through oral statements and avoided issuing an executive order formalizing his stance. There were also unconfirmed reports, including by former Senator Antonio Trillanes, stating that ICC members had already entered the Philippines and were already secretly conducting the investigation. A House probe initiated in April 2024 by Romualdez into a "status quo" agreement in the South China Sea Duterte made during his presidency with Chinese president Xi Jinping was also seen as a "political payback" to Duterte's verbal attacks on Marcos and diminish Duterte's political influence ahead of the 2025 midterm elections. Amidst growing isolation, Duterte found allies who were previously loyal to Marcos. Among them were Marcos' longtime lawyer, Vic Rodriguez, who served as executive secretary in Marcos' first 79 days before resigning; and Marcos' sister, Senator Imee Marcos.
Quiboloy's arrest order and Duterte as KOJC administrator
On March 9, 2024, Duterte's longtime friend and Kingdom of Jesus Christ leader, Pastor Apollo Quiboloy, was ordered arrested by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation after his conviction by a US District Court for alleged cases of sex trafficking, rape, fraud, and cash smuggling. No extradition request was received by the Marcos administration for Quiboloy's arrest, although a probe in the Senate was previously initiated on January 23 by Liberal Party ally, Senator Risa Hontiveros, who invited Quiboloy to attend the hearings. Quiboloy demanded a fair trial as a requirement to attend, though this was rebuked by Hontiveros and Marcos. Claiming his life was under threat through what he described as a connivance between Marcos and the US government, Quiboloy went into hiding and designated Duterte as administrator of his ministry's properties. After Quiboloy refused to attend the hearings, Hontiveros cited him in contempt and recommended the Senate President to order his arrest. Arrest orders for Quiboloy were issued by the Pasig Regional Trial Court despite the efforts of Senators Robin Padilla, Cynthia Villar, and Bong Go to oppose the move. Four separate raids were eventually held in Quiboloy's properties in Davao City; though Quiboloy was not found, the raids were criticized by Duterte and his allies for its "excessive unnecessary force" involving several units of police and military personnel "in full battle gear". KOJC members gathered in a rally in Liwasang Bonifacio calling for justice for Quiboloy.
"Hakbang ng Maisug" rallies
Additional nationwide protests, called Hakbang ng Maisug (brave) prayer rallies, were held in Dumaguete, Tagum, and Angeles by Duterte and Quiboloy's supporters, who voiced their grievances against the Marcos administration. Particularly among these grievances included their opposition to proposed constitutional amendments and to the increased US military presence in the country, as well as denouncement of perceived censorship under the administration. In one of the rallies, Duterte notably accused Marcos of plotting to extend his term beyond the current term limit of the Constitution and of being a drug addict, to which Marcos responded by alleging Duterte's previous use of fentanyl as painkiller impaired his judgment; Duterte later dared Marcos to undergo a drug test with him at Luneta Park.
Frustrated on the administration's use of taxpayers' money, Duterte initially revived calls advocated by former House Speaker Pantaleon Alvarez for Mindanao to secede from the Philippines; his calls drew disapproval from several lawmakers and former Muslim rebels, prompting Duterte to later retract his calls, saying he only wanted "a better deal for Mindanao". Despite success in holding some rallies, a few suffered setbacks and cancellations after the rally venues were allegedly blocked by the Marcos administration, drawing condemnation from Duterte and his allies. Despite his criticisms against Marcos, Duterte clarified the prayer rallies were not meant to overthrow the administration but warned Marcos of extending his six-year term, reminding Marcos of his father's fate.
2025 elections
On October 5, 2024, Duterte announced that he will run for mayor of Davao City, with his son, incumbent Mayor Sebastian Duterte, as his running mate for vice mayor in 2025. He also rejected calls for him to run for senator, citing his old age. Duterte officially filed his candidacy on October 7; however, on November 7, he welcomed the candidacy of his former cabinet secretary, former Civil Service Commission chairperson Karlo Nograles as Davao City mayor, adding he is retired and wishes to give the position to the next generation.
House and Senate probe into the War on Drugs
In October 2024, the House quad committee led an investigation into the supposed use of intelligence funds to fund an alleged "reward system" for police involved in drug-related extrajudicial killings that occurred during Duterte's presidency. Among the witnesses in the House probe was former Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office general manager and retired Police Colonel Royina Garma, who accused Duterte of wanting to apply his Davao model approach of the war on drugs on a national scale. Senators Ronald dela Rosa and Bong Go, dismissing the reward money claims as baseless accusations and hearsay, launched a parallel probe in the Senate to "find out the truth". Responding to the Senate invitation, Duterte attended the Senate probe into his campaign against illegal drugs. During the session, Duterte admitted to using a "death squad" to combat crime as Davao mayor, but denied directing extrajudicial killings in his national drug war, now being examined by the ICC. He further noted the resumption of activities of drug dealers and criminals after he stepped down from presidency, telling them "If I'm given another chance, I'll wipe all of you".
My mandate as president of the republic was to protect the country and the Filipino people. Do not question my policies because I offer no apologies, no excuses. I did what I had to do.
— Duterte, October 28, 2024
Duterte accepted an invitation to the House quad committee hearing on November 13. During the hearing, he reiterated the tough but necessary decisions he took in his anti-drug campaign. He further said he was not scared of the ICC and expressed impatience for the ICC's investigation, saying "I am already old, I might die soon. You might miss the pleasure of seeing me standing before the court hearing the judgement whatever it is". In a significant reversal of position, Marcos' executive secretary Lucas Bersamin later stated the Marcos administration "will feel obliged to consider" a red notice from the Interpol for Duterte should it be issued.
Public image
Ardent supporters of Duterte have been labeled as "Diehard Duterte Supporters", alternatively known as "Digong Duterte Supporters", which shares the acronym with the Davao Death Squad (DDS). This label has been applied to the 16 million people who voted for him in the 2016 presidential election.
Duterte developed a reputation as a "protector" and "savior" in his hometown of Davao City as mayor of the city for more than two decades. This is despite reports of death squads in the city.
Duterte has been described as a populist, with his foul-mouthed remarks against the country's elite which positioned him as a "man of the people" and was critical to his victory in the 2016 presidential election. He has also been compared to U.S. President Donald Trump for his rhetorical style.
Duterte and his administration have been criticized for his anti-drug campaign, foreign policies, human rights record, extrajudicial killings during his term, political views, and controversial comments. Despite the criticisms on his administration, throughout his career, Duterte's remained hugely popular, attributed to his man-of-the-people style and a perception of strong leadership and success in fighting crime and corruption, while opponents reproach him for his authoritarian style and low tolerance of dissent. Analysts attribute his continued popularity to his emotional connection to the public, citing his charisma and humor, tough-talking manner, his image as a father figure as Tatay Digong (Father Digong), and Filipinos' general interest in strong leaders.
A Social Weather Stations study concluded that there are multiple reasons for Duterte's high satisfaction ratings in surveys; these include his strong base support, satisfaction with the administration's overall governance (pamamalakad) and with some policy issues which include helping the poor and the drug war, and his character. Poll respondents who relate to or are attracted to some aspects of his character, such as his perceived decisiveness and diligence tend to be satisfied. On the other hand, those who feel he is vulgar (bastos) tend to be less satisfied.
Despite keeping a low profile during his post-presidency, Duterte retained his popularity, topping four consecutive surveys conducted separately in March, June, September, and December 2023 by PUBLiCUS Asia on the voting disposition for 2025 Philippine Senate election.
Controversial remarks and human rights concerns
See also: Protests against Rodrigo DuterteDuterte's record on human rights and his long history of comments that have widely been considered to be offensive, provocative, threatening, and undiplomatic have received sharp international criticism. He has been portrayed by his critics in the media as having a "dirty mouth". He had, however, promised to behave in a "prim and proper" manner on the national and international stage once he was to be inaugurated as president, to the point that, "almost, I would become holy."
Throughout his presidency, Duterte has made controversial comments about rape, human rights, his views on media killings, and has used slurs; he has also made controversial statements to international leaders and institutions. He has also repeatedly criticized the Catholic Church which has expressed alarm over deaths linked to the war on drugs.
Human Rights Watch (HRW) called the first year of Duterte in office a "human rights calamity". HRW estimates that there has been 7,000 deaths from the day Duterte first took office to January 2017. The Duterte administration suspended the drug war in February 2017 in an effort to cleanse the police ranks of supposed corruption, also halting the disclosure of figures on deaths related to drug arrests and raids. In March 2017, HRW released a special investigation and report on the state of police related shooting, titled "License To Kill". The New York Times had also released a video documentary "When A President Says I'll Kill You", which depicts Duterte's war on drugs through a local photographer's eyes. On August 17, 2017, HRW called Duterte a threat to the human rights community after he made threats against human rights activists.
Supporters
See also: Mocha Uson Blog and Thinking PinoySeveral other Facebook groups with the acronym "DDS" supported Duterte as early as 2011. Among these groups is the Duterte Defense Squad, which was created on July 5, 2011. Other examples include Digong Duterte Supporters-Registered Nurses Group, Duterte's Destiny is to Serve the Country, Digong Duterte Swerte (lit. Digong Duterte is (Good) Luck), and Davsur Duterte Supporters. In 2015, members of the various groups urged Duterte to run for president.
Approval ratings
Main article: Opinion polling on the Rodrigo Duterte presidencyDate | Rating |
---|---|
Sep 2016 | +64 |
Dec 2016 | +63 |
Mar 2017 | +63 |
Jun 2017 | +66 |
Sep 2017 | +48 |
Dec 2017 | +58 |
Mar 2018 | +56 |
Jun 2018 | +45 |
Sep 2018 | +54 |
Dec 2018 | +60 |
Mar 2019 | +66 |
Jun 2019 | +68 |
Sep 2019 | +65 |
Dec 2019 | +72 |
Nov 2020 | +79 |
May 2021 | +65 |
Jun 2021 | +62 |
Sep 2021 | +52 |
Dec 2021 | +60 |
Apr 2022 | +65 |
Jun 2022 | +81 |
Despite criticism and international opposition to his controversial anti-narcotics drive, Duterte's domestic approval rating remained relatively high throughout his presidency. Duterte began his presidency with a high trust rating of 79% and 91% (the highest of any Philippine official since 1999), from pollsters Social Weather Stations (SWS) and Pulse Asia, respectively. His net satisfaction rating plunged to its lowest at 45% in July 2018, attributed to inflation during the period as well as Duterte calling God "stupid" for the concept of original sin in the Bible; eventually, his satisfaction rating rose to 60% by the end of the year.
Halfway through his term, Duterte's approval rating reached 79%, the highest among his predecessors at this stage in their presidencies. It rose to 87% by the end of 2019 due to the successful hosting of the 2019 Southeast Asian Games as well as the administration's poverty reduction programs. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, Pulse Asia reported in September 2020 that 84% of Filipinos approved of the administration's efforts to contain the virus and provide assistance to those who lost their jobs; 92% of the poll respondents also agreed Duterte had "done well" in preventing the contagion in the country. Duterte ended 2021 with an approval rating of 60%, wherein higher net satisfaction was observed among those who have been or are willing to get vaccinated.
Duterte maintained his high approval and trust ratings as he approached the end of his term. A 2021 poll by WR Numero Research revealed that 54.59% of voters want soft continuity of Duterte's policies, 29.57% want full continuity, while only 15.84% preferred change. Duterte left office with a net satisfaction rating of 81%, his highest in SWS polling. Additionally, polling firm PUBLiCUS Asia reported in Duterte's last month in office that Duterte received a 75% approval for his entire six-year tenure, making him the most popular post-EDSA president.
Political views
Main article: Political positions of Rodrigo DuterteDuterte described himself as left-leaning during his campaign and presidency, but has stressed that he is for democracy and is not a communist.
Duterte was a member of the leftist Kabataang Makabayan during the 1970s and was a student of prominent Philippine leftist figure and founder of the Communist Party of the Philippines, Jose Maria Sison. In a 1980s interview, Duterte expressed his frustration on seeing suspected criminals being acquitted despite evidence against them, further adding he admired the NPA's "brand of rendering swift justice". However, his relationship with the communists deteriorated during his presidency due to continued rebel attacks on soldiers despite the peace talks.
Personal life
Duterte is known for being an avid fan of big bikes, but detests luxury cars. He once owned a second-hand Harley-Davidson and a Yamaha Virago. He was once a habitual smoker, but he eventually quit after a doctor's suggestion due to health concerns. Duterte is an avid reader of Robert Ludlum and Sidney Sheldon novels. Duterte is also known for his straightforward and vocal attitude in public, especially in interviews, showing no hesitation in profusely using profanity live on-screen on numerous occasions despite formal requests by media groups and schools beforehand to abstain.
Duterte has his own local show in Davao City called Gikan sa Masa, para sa Masa ("From the Masses, For the Masses"), which formerly aired as a blocktimer on ABS-CBN Davao, and currently broadcast on SMNI News Channel since 2023. He is also a member of Lex Talionis Fraternitas, a fraternity based in the San Beda College of Law and the Ateneo de Davao University.
Aside from his native Cebuano, Duterte is also fluent in Filipino and English.
While criticizing political opponent Antonio Trillanes in a 2019 speech, Duterte said that he was once gay but had "cured himself" before meeting his partner Elizabeth Zimmerman.
Since being the mayor of Davao City, Duterte has held an annual tradition of visiting children with cancer in the city and giving them Christmas gifts.
Family
Duterte's father, Vicente, died in 1968 while his mother, Soledad, died on February 4, 2012, at the age of 95.
In 1973, Duterte married Elizabeth Zimmerman, a flight attendant of German American descent who traces her roots in Tuburan, Cebu. They have three children (from eldest to youngest): Paolo ("Pulong"), Sara ("Inday Sara") and Sebastian ("Baste"). Pulong and Inday Sara both entered politics while Baste, with no interest in politics, concentrated on business and surfing but eventually ran and won as vice mayor of Davao City in 2019. Sara was elected as Vice President in 2022.
Duterte has been publicly open about his infidelity while married to Zimmerman and cited it as the reason for his failed marriage. In 1998, Zimmerman filed a petition in the Regional Trial Court of Pasig to nullify her marriage. Duterte never appeared in court and did not contest Zimmerman's petition. Two years later, the court decided in her favor, ending the 27-year marriage of Duterte and Zimmerman. Duterte and Zimmerman have been on good terms in recent years, with Zimmerman stating: "Yes, is really a very good leader. That is all he is. But when it comes to family, he is not capable of taking care of it."
Duterte is currently living with his common-law wife Cielito "Honeylet" Avanceña, a former nurse, with whom he has one daughter named Veronica ("Kitty"). Duterte has eleven grandchildren, half of whom are Muslims and the other half Christian, and two great-grandchildren.
On his paternal side, Duterte shares familial ties with some of the prominent families of the Visayas, particularly the Almendrases and Duranos of Danao, Cebu. His distant uncle, former Senator Alejandro Almendras, was one of his original supporters when he first ran for mayor of Davao City in 1988.
Religion
Despite being raised as a communicant of the Catholic Church, on January 19, 2016, Duterte clarified that he had not attended Mass for quite some time already since he deemed it incompatible with his mayoral responsibilities: "If I listened to the Ten Commandments or to the priests," said Duterte, "I would not be able to do anything as a mayor." Duterte has described himself as Christian in 2016 and "spiritual" in 2018, expressing that he "can't accept" Catholicism or organized religion but also that he is neither an atheist nor an agnostic. He has referred to God as Allah and has been quoted as saying: "a part of me which is Islam".
During his presidency, Duterte and the Catholic Church in the Philippines exchanged frequent criticisms. In response to the rising death toll in Duterte's war on drugs, the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) in February 2017 issued a strongly-worded pastoral letter which was read in church services; the letter highlighted that " is considered as normal", and "to consent and keep silent in front of evil is to be an accomplice to it". Duterte later lambasted Catholic bishops, telling them "not use the pulpit", reviling them as "sons of bitches", remarking that some of them are gay, and urging street bums to rob and kill them. Notable among the bishops Duterte criticized was Caloocan Bishop Pablo Virgilio David, a vocal critic of the Duterte administration's war on drugs. Duterte accused David of being involved in illegal drugs and stealing church donations, after which the CBCP came to David's defense and vouched for his integrity. Citing continued criticism from Catholic bishops, Duterte's verbal attacks on the Catholic Church escalated in mid-2018 to early 2019, during which he challenged the Catholic Church to show evidence of the existence of God, while expressing his belief in "one Supreme God" and "a universal mind somewhere which controls the universe". In one of his harshest vitriol in June 2018, he remarked that God was "stupid" for permitting the serpent to tempt Eve in the creation story in the Bible; though the controversial statement was later clarified by his spokesperson as Duterte's "personal opinion", it contributed to Duterte's quarterly approval rating dipping to its lowest at 45%. Efforts by the Church to rally public support against the administration's war on drugs, however, were less effective due to Duterte's domestic popularity and high trust ratings.
Duterte considers his close friend, pastor Apollo Quiboloy of the Kingdom of Jesus Christ (KJC), as his spiritual adviser. Duterte would become estate administrator of the properties KJC in March 2024, following Senate inquiries launched against the church and Quiboloy.
In his post-presidency in January 2024, Duterte visited the wake of CBCP president Fernando Capalla in Davao Cathedral, during which he stated he attends Masses thrice every Sunday; he further added "I am a very holy man. I'm a whole human being now".
Health
Duterte has Buerger's disease, an inflammation of blood vessels, mostly in the limbs, and Barrett's esophagus, wherein esophageal cells are gradually replaced by gastrointestinal cells. He has denied rumors of throat cancer.
Duterte admitted in December 2016 that he had been a user of the addictive opioid drug Fentanyl. He said that a doctor prescribed the drug to alleviate back pain and headaches, but that he would take more than he was prescribed. Duterte later denied that he was a drug addict, and a spokesman stated that he was not affected by side-effects of the drug, which include confusion, anxiety, and hallucinations.
Duterte has boasted about his use of Viagra: "When I was young, I could do overnight, which is more expensive. When I got old, I could do short time only because I have such a short time left. After one erection, that's it. No more. Without Viagra, it's even more difficult."
A psychological assessment of Duterte was commissioned by a doctor named Natividad Dayan during Duterte's marriage annulment to Elizabeth Zimmerman in July 1998. The result was that Duterte (then Davao City mayor) was found to have "antisocial narcissistic personality disorder", exemplified by "gross indifference, insensitivity and self-centeredness", and a "grandiose sense of self-entitlement and manipulative behaviours". According to the assessment, he had a "pervasive tendency to demean, humiliate others and violate their rights and feelings", and was "unable to reflect on the consequences of his actions."
In a speech to the Filipino community in Russia, Duterte revealed that he has myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disease, which makes his eye droop.
Honors and awards
Duterte declined an honorary doctor of laws degree offered by the University of the Philippines amid opposition from members of the university. On March 28, 2023, the Davao City Council passed a resolution declaring every March 28—Duterte's birthday—as "Duterte Day" in recognition for the "great and continuing contribution" of Duterte to the city and the Philippines. Duterte received an honorary Juris Doctor degree from his alma mater, San Beda College of Law, in November 2023.
National honors
- Knight Grand Cross of Rizal (KGCR) – (2017)
- Awards for Promoting Philippines-China Understanding (APPCU), Hall of Fame – (2023)
Foreign honors
Duterte was conferred an honorary doctorate degree for international relations or foreign diplomacy from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations on October 5, 2019.
- Malaysia
- Johor: Grand Knight of The Most Esteemed Order of Sultan Ibrahim of Johor, 1st Class (SMIJ) – Dato' (2019)
- Brunei
See also
- List of presidents of the Philippines
- List of presidents of the Philippines by previous executive experience
- Political positions of Rodrigo Duterte
Notes
- According to Duterte, he never left PDP–Laban; he was the Davao City chairman of the Liberal Party in 2009, and was nationally affiliated with the Liberal Party in the 2010 and 2013 elections.
- ^ Duterte himself does not use the style of Excellency President
- Brothers Facundo & Severo Duterte both married women from Danao; Severo's daughter Beatriz married post-War business magnate Ramon M. Durano, Sr. Their descendants constitute the modern-day political family of the Duranos of Danao, Cebu. Ramon M. Durano, Sr.'s sister Elisea married Paulo Almendras, and their descendants constitute the modern-day Almendrases of Cebu. One of their descendants, Jose Rene Almendras is a former Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs (acting).
References
- ^ Espejo, Edwin (March 18, 2015). "Could Duterte be the Liberal Party's wild card bet?". Rappler. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
- ^ Esmaquel, Paterno II (February 21, 2015). "Duterte 're-enters' PDP-Laban amid 2016 prospects". Rappler. Archived from the original on July 16, 2020. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
- ^ Bigornia, Amante E. (December 29, 1990). "Davao politics now polarized". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. p. 4. Retrieved May 23, 2021.
- "Anti-communist crusader". Manila Standard. Davao City: Standard Publications, Inc. January 5, 1988. p. 3. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
... former vice mayor Rodrigo Duterte of the Lakas ng Dabaw, a new political party.
- Flores, W.L. (June 19, 2016). "President-electpresident Rody Duterte as dad & memories of his own father". The Philippine Star. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
- Ramos, Christia Marie (July 26, 2021). "Lacson calls out Duterte, says there is underspending of Bayanihan 2 funds". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Manila, Philippines. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
- "Go: Pumili ng katimbang ni PRRD sa 2022". Pilipino Star Ngayon (in Filipino). Manila, Philippines: PhilStar Global Corp. August 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
- "Rodrigo Roa Duterte: 16th President, first Mindanawon to lead the country". MindaNews. Archived from the original on December 9, 2017. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
- "Official count: Duterte is new president, Robredo is vice president". CNN Philippines. May 27, 2016. Archived from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved May 27, 2016.
- "Sergio Osmeña | president of Philippines". Encyclopædia Britannica. June 3, 2011. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved April 6, 2017.
- Ramos, Roy (May 10, 2016). "New Philippines president is iron-fisted southern mayor". Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on May 11, 2016. Retrieved May 17, 2022.
- ^ Dacumos-Lagorza, Kristine (September 1, 2017). "Defining Davao". LEAGUE Magazine (September–October 2017 Issue: The Local Government Unit Magazine). The League Publishing Company, Inc.: 62.
- "Duterte eyes reinstating death penalty by lethal injection for drug crimes". Arab News. July 28, 2020. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
- Reganit, Jose Cielito (October 5, 2017). "Duterte creates Presidential Anti-Corruption Commission". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
- "Duterte: 'I offered to resign as president because I am sick of corruption'". CNN Philippines. September 29, 2020. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
- Hilotin, Jay (October 1, 2020). "Philippines: $85 billion infrastructure spending in 104 projects". Gulf News. Archived from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
- Lopez, Melissa Luz (April 16, 2020). "Duterte open to dropping infrastructure projects for more COVID-19 funding". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
The government plans to spend over ₱1 trillion this year on various construction projects, in keeping with the administration's promise to usher in a "Golden Age of Infrastructure" and fill the country's needs for longer and wider roads, convenient train systems, and bigger airports and seaports, to name a few.
- Sicat, Gerardo P. (February 9, 2022). "The next president will inherit significant economic reforms". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on March 9, 2022. Retrieved May 12, 2022.
- Kabiling, Genalyn (July 27, 2020). "Duterte pushes shift to e-governance to cut red tape". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved May 12, 2022.
- "Duterte blames Congress for failed federalism bid, vows peaceful transition". GMA News Online. December 10, 2021. Archived from the original on December 10, 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
- "Duterte confirms Marcos burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani". CNN Philippines. August 7, 2016. Archived from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
- Santos, Eimor P. (November 9, 2016). "Duterte firm on Marcos burial at Heroes' Cemetery". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
- McKirdy, Euan; Berlinger, Joshua (October 17, 2017). "Philippines' Duterte declares liberation of Marawi from ISIS-affiliated militants". CNN. Archived from the original on October 17, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
- Parrocha, Azer (March 9, 2020). "State of public health emergency declared in PH". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on March 9, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
- ^ Nawal, Allan (September 10, 2016). "Duterte: Gov't to pursue 'independent foreign policy'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- Patinio, Ferdinand (December 14, 2021). "PRRD withdraws from 2022 Senate race". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
- "Duterte to Police: 'Do Not Answer' Crimes Against Humanity Investigators". Newsweek. March 2, 2018.
- "Philippines' Rodrigo Duterte under fire for calling God 'stupid'". Financial Times. June 26, 2018.
- "Critics Slam Rodrigo Duterte for Asking a Woman to Kiss Him Onstage". The New York Times. June 4, 2018.
- Teehankee, Julio C. (2017). "Duterte's Resurgent Nationalism in the Philippines: A Discursive Institutionalist Analysis" (PDF). Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs. 35 (3): 69–89. doi:10.1177/186810341603500304.
- "Rodrigo Duterte Plays U.S. and China Off Each Other, in Echo of Cold War". The New York Times. November 3, 2016.
- "Behind Duterte's Break With the U.S., a Lifetime of Resentment". Wall Street Journal. October 21, 2016.
- ^ "Philippine death squads very much in business as Duterte set for presidency". Reuters. May 26, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
Duterte's loud approval for hundreds of execution-style killings of drug users and criminals over nearly two decades helped propel him to the highest office of a crime-weary land.
- dela Cruz, Kathlyn. "Duterte confirms killing 3 rapist-kidnappers". ABS-CBN News. ABS-CBN Corporation. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
- "Philippines: Duterte confirms he personally killed three men". BBC News. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
- "Ombudsman opens probe into Davao Death Squad". ABS-CBN News.
- "CHR Probes DDS". ABS-CBN News.
- "Philippine death squads very much in business as Duterte set for presidency". Reuters. May 26, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
Human rights groups have documented at least 1,400 killings in Davao that they allege had been carried out by death squads since 1998. Most of those murdered were drug users, petty criminals and street children.
- Marshall, Andrew R.C.; Mogato, Manuel (May 26, 2016). "Philippine death squads very much in business as Duterte set for presidency". Reuters. Archived from the original on May 26, 2016. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
- "International Criminal Court Will Investigate Duterte Over Drug War". The New York Times. February 8, 2018. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
- Yap, DJ (January 16, 2020). "Philippines: ICC prosecutor: Probe of Duterte can't be stopped". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
- "PCIJ request for Duterte SALN runs into dead end – again". July 26, 2021.
- ^ Weedon, Alan (May 10, 2019). "'Gold, guns and goons': Why the Philippines' Rodrigo Duterte remains incredibly popular". ABC News. Archived from the original on October 15, 2019. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
- ^ Parrocha, Azer (April 11, 2022). "Duterte's end of term high rating 'rarity' in PH pres'l politics". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
- ^ Cruz, Kaithreen (June 27, 2022). "Duterte most popular post-EDSA president - Publicus". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on June 27, 2022. Retrieved June 28, 2022.
- Lopez, Alexander (May 11, 2015). "Duterte returns home on Mother's Day". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
- Halili, M.C. (2010). Philippine History. Rex Book Store, Inc.
- "Will playing the Chinese ancestry card help Rodrigo Duterte win over Beijing?". South China Morning Post. October 20, 2016. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
- "LOOK: Who's who in Duterte family tree". Philippine Daily Inquirer. June 30, 2016. Archived from the original on November 4, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2022.
- "Unknown facts about President Duterte". The Manila Times. June 29, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
- Elemia, Camille (November 30, 2015). "Grace Poe campaign manager is Duterte's nephew". Rappler. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
- ^ "Mayor Rodrigo Roa Duterte: Leyte's first president?". Daily Zamboanga Times. May 20, 2015. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
- "About President Duterte". Office of the President of the Philippines. Archived from the original on July 8, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
- "Marcos best president if not for dictatorship – Duterte". February 10, 2016.
- Corrales, Nestor (February 25, 2016). "Duterte returns to his roots in Danao City, Cebu for campaign activities". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
- "Soledad Roa Duterte". RAFI Triennial Awards. Ramon Aboitiz Foundation Inc. Archived from the original on March 15, 2014. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- Ranada, Pia (May 20, 2016). "Rody Duterte: The rebellious son, the prankster brother". Rappler. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
- Bolido, Linda B. (March 10, 2015). "Duterte is LPU's outstanding alumnus". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 13, 2015. Retrieved April 24, 2022.
- "H.E. Rodrigo Roa Duterte". Lyceum of the Philippines – Davao. June 21, 2018. Archived from the original on August 11, 2018. Retrieved April 24, 2022.
- "Duterte receives awards from San Beda, First Scout Ranger Regiment". CNN Philippines. November 25, 2017. Archived from the original on November 28, 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2022.
- Aurelio, Julie M. (May 31, 2018). "Why Duterte almost missed the bar exams". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2022.
- ^ Gonzales, Daisy C. (November 13, 2005). "The Rise and Rise of Rodrigo Duterte". Bulatlat. Archived from the original on May 7, 2006. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
- "Election 2016". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on February 18, 2016. Retrieved April 24, 2022.
- "President Rodrigo R. Duterte (Law '72)" (PDF). Red and White Ball. San Beda College Alumni Association: 10–13. 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 26, 2018. Retrieved April 24, 2022.
- ^ Lacorte, Germelina (December 4, 2015). "Duterte names priest who allegedly molested him as teen". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
- "Jesuit order paid USD16M to settle Falvey case in US". Philippine Daily Inquirer. December 5, 2015. Retrieved December 17, 2015.
- "PDP–Laban Bet to Meet Davao Prelate; Duterte says he was too young to complain about priest's abuse". GMA News Online. December 4, 2015. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
- "Law student Duterte shot frat brod on campus in '72". Philippine Daily Inquirer. May 22, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
- "Ex-classmate bares details of shooting incident between Duterte, friend". GMA News Online. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
- Gulla, Vivienne (March 7, 2018). "Duterte credits Cory Aquino for his political career". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on October 30, 2024. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
- "Asistio proclamation snagged by protest". Manila Standard. Manila Standard. January 31, 1988. p. 8. Retrieved October 30, 2024 – via Google News Archive.
- Beltran, Luis D. (March 11, 1991). "The relevance of political parties". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. p. 9. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
Enrile has been busy recruiting new NP members – Mayor Duterte of Davao City, for example...
- Shenon, Philip (March 22, 1995). "Outcry Mounts in Philippines Over Hanging". The New York Times. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
- Dancel, Raul. "Spokesman for Rodrigo Duterte says remarks on burning Singapore flag made 'jokingly'". The Straits Times. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
- Santos, Reynaldo Jr. (May 28, 2016). "How did Rodrigo Duterte fare as congressman?". Rappler. Retrieved September 23, 2024.
- Canuday, Jowel F. (March 2, 2001). "Davao City poll drive: It's all in the family". Philippine Daily Inquirer. p. A14. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- "Landslide win for Davao's Duterte". The Philippine Star. May 18, 2004. Archived from the original on March 17, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
- Arguillas, Carolyn O. (May 11, 2016). "Rodrigo Roa Duterte: 16th President, first Mindanawon to lead the country". MindaNews. Archived from the original on September 22, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- Subingsubing, Krixia (January 18, 2021). "Robredo, Sara Duterte react to President's remarks on female leaders". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
- Maru, Davinci S.; Vestil, Justin K.; Pineda, Oscar C.; Felicitas, Princess Dawn H. (October 22, 2013). "Davao brings P18M as help to Cebu, Bohol". SunStar. Archived from the original on October 25, 2013. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
- "Davao City's GAD Awards" (PDF). Davao City (government website). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 5, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
- Castillo, B.L. (May 14, 2016). "National women code eyed in Duterte's term". SunStar. Archived from the original on November 2, 2017. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
- "Davao City bans bikini contests – report". GMA News Online. June 17, 2007. Archived from the original on December 19, 2016. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
- Esteves, Patricia (March 16, 2008). "Gawad Kalinga builds humane haven for Davao female inmates". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on June 30, 2016. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
- Heydarian, Richard Javad (September 15, 2017). The Rise of Duterte: A Populist Revolt against Elite Democracy. Springer. p. 35. ISBN 978-981-10-5918-6. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
- Hegina, Aries Joseph. "Davao City improves to 5th in ranking of world's safest cities". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
- Llemit, Ralph Lawrence G. (August 5, 2019). "Davao 2nd top safest city in SEA". SunStar. Archived from the original on August 5, 2019. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
- "Thousands dead: the Philippine president, the death squad allegations and a brutal drugs war". The Guardian. April 2, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
- "Drugs and death in Davao: the making of Rodrigo Duterte". Financial Times. February 2, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
- "Philippine death squads very much in business as Duterte set for presidency". Reuters. May 26, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
Today, thanks to Duterte's campaigns against drugs and crime, Davao today feels much safer, say the locals. But it still ranks first among 15 Philippine cities for murder and second for rape, according to the national police.
- "Another child-friendly award given Davao". Philippine Daily Inquirer. May 13, 2015. Retrieved July 26, 2018.
- "Davao City bags Kalasag, Most Child-Friendly awards". SunStar. December 12, 2017. Retrieved July 26, 2018.
- Mejos, A.I. (April 11, 2015). "Davao City's speed limit reduces accidents, but businesses also affected". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
- Regalado, E. (February 13, 2014). "Noy complies with Davao City's smoking ordinance". The Philippine Star. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
- Tordecilla, K. (May 18, 2016). "Davao City ordinances that may be implemented nationwide under a Duterte presidency". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on September 19, 2016. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
- Ocampo, Y.D. (August 5, 2016). "Davao's Central 911 serves as model for national counterpart". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
- "Malls in Davao told to follow security rules". BusinessWorld. September 26, 2013. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
- Gonzales, Yuji Vincent (September 3, 2015). "Davao tourist swallows cigarette butt after reprimand from Duterte". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
- Mateo, Janvic (September 4, 2015). "CHR to government officials: Treat people with respect". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on October 3, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2024.
- "Rodrigo Duterte: The Rise of Philippines' Death Squad Mayor". Human Rights Watch. The Mark News. July 17, 2015. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
- "Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions" (PDF). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.
- ^ Lacorte, Germelina (May 15, 2015). "Duterte on criminals: 'Kill all of them'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 17, 2015. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
- "Duterte admits links to Davao Death Squad". ABS-CBN News.
- ""You Can Die Any Time" Death Squad Killings in Mindanao" (PDF). Human Rights Watch. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
- "The Philippines' real-life Punisher, Davao City Mayor Rodrigo Duterte, urged to run for president". News.com.au. Archived from the original on September 6, 2014. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
- Ramos, Marlon (October 17, 2023). "Rodrigo Duterte remark he funded Davao slays sent to ICC". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Manila, Philippines. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
- Sonshine Media Network International (October 11, 2023). Gikan sa Masa, Para sa Masa (OCTOBER.10.2023). YouTube (in Filipino and English). Google LLC. Event occurs at 1:11:57. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
Kinain ko yung intelligence fund... Ang intelligence fund, binili ko, pinapatay ko lahat.
- "Duterte, Mindanao leaders bat federalism". Davao Today. September 14, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
- Casas, Arianne Caryl (November 30, 2014). "Federalism summit in Davao today". Sun.Star. Archived from the original on December 13, 2014.
- Mellejor, Lilian C. (November 14, 2014). "Davao mayor convenes Mindanao leaders for Federalism summit". Philippines Today. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
- Esmaquel, Paterno II (February 21, 2015). "Duterte 're-enters' PDP-Laban amid 2016 prospects". Rappler. Archived from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 30, 2024.
- Hofilena, Chay (March 17, 2015). "Duterte is No. 3 in presidential preference poll". Rappler. Archived from the original on July 30, 2024. Retrieved July 30, 2024.
- Gonzales, Yuji Vincent (September 7, 2015). "Duterte's final answer: I won't run for president". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on September 10, 2015. Retrieved July 30, 2024.
- ^ Ranada, Pia (October 12, 2015). "Rodrigo Duterte: Sorry, I will not run for president". Rappler. Archived from the original on June 5, 2024. Retrieved July 30, 2024.
- Takumi, Rie (October 29, 2015). "Martin Diño withdraws candidacy for president, names Duterte as substitute". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved July 30, 2024.
- Dioquino, Rose-An Jessica (November 27, 2015). "Duterte files COC for president". GMA News Online. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
- "Duterte makes a stand". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on November 23, 2015. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
- ^ Cook, Malcolm; Salazar, Lorraine (June 22, 2016). "The Differences Duterte Relied Upon to Win" (PDF). ISEAS Perspective (34). Singapore: ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute. ISSN 2335-6677. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
- ^ "Philippines election: Duterte declares victory and promises change". The Guardian. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
- ^ "Philippine presidential frontrunner Rodrigo Duterte vows to pardon himself for murder". Australian Broadcasting Company. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
- "Rodrigo Duterte: Philippines presidential candidate hits back as rape remark sparks fury". ABC News.
- "The dark, cruel joke about rape that derailed a presidential campaign". The Independent. April 19, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2016.
- Lacorte, G. (October 10, 2014). "Argument for federalism: Manila steals funds". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
- Lacorte, G. (May 17, 2015). "Duterte: Change in form of gov't possible only through 'Con-Con'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
- ^ "Duterte open to 'toning down' Constitution to accommodate foreign investors". Manila Bulletin. Philippine News Agency. April 28, 2016. Archived from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
- "Official count: Duterte is new president, Robredo is vice president". CNN Philippines. May 27, 2016. Archived from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved May 28, 2016.
- "Lawmakers set Monday proclamation for Duterte, Robredo". CNN Philippines. May 28, 2016. Archived from the original on May 30, 2016. Retrieved May 28, 2016.
- "Duterte, Robredo proclaimed new President, VP; Rody a no-show". Philippine Daily Inquirer. May 30, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
- Cayabyab, Marc Jayson. "Leni Robredo is vice president". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 27, 2016.
- Untalan, Carmina Yu (March 1, 2017). Torri, Michelguglielmo; Mocci, Nicola (eds.). "The Philippines 2016: Democracy in dispute?". Asia Maior. XXVII. Associazione Asia Maior & CSPE - Centro Studi per i Popoli extra-europei “Cesare Bonacossa” - Università di Pavia: 143–152. doi:10.52056/9788867288861/06. ISSN 2385-2526. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
- Sinpeng, Aim; Gueorguiev, Dimitar; Arugay, Aries A. (November 2020). "Strong Fans, Weak Campaigns: Social Media and Duterte in the 2016 Philippine Election". Journal of East Asian Studies. 20 (3): 353–374. doi:10.1017/jea.2020.11. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
- "INC endorses Duterte, Marcos". ABS-CBN News. May 5, 2016. Archived from the original on April 9, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
- ^ "Malacañang: Drop 'His Excellency' in addressing Duterte". CNN Philippines. July 22, 2016. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
- ^ Corrales, Nestor (July 21, 2016). "Drop 'His Excellency,' it's just President Duterte". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 21, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
- "Duterte tells public: Call me 'mayor'". The Manila Times. May 16, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
- "Presidency and Vice Presidency by the Numbers: Rodrigo Roa Duterte and Leni Robredo". Presidential Museum and Library. Archived from the original on August 8, 2016. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
- Gita, Ruth Abbey (June 30, 2016). "Duterte holds first Cabinet meeting". SunStar. Archived from the original on July 1, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2016.
- Perlez, Jane (July 12, 2016). "Tribunal Rejects Beijing's Claims in South China Sea". The New York Times. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
- Andolong, Ina (July 4, 2016). "President Duterte issues his first Executive Order". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on July 7, 2016. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
- Romero, Alexis; Macairan, Evelyn; Mendez, Christina (June 25, 2016). "Duterte insists on death penalty by hanging". The Philippine Star. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
- Alimario, Anjo (July 25, 2016). "President Duterte finally signs FOI". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on July 28, 2016. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- ^ Valente, Catherine S. (October 8, 2016). "First 100 days yield significant accomplishments". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on December 5, 2019. Retrieved May 15, 2022.
- ^ "A look at the 1st 100 days of Duterte's phenomenal rule". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Associated Press. October 8, 2016. Archived from the original on December 10, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2022.
- Solomon, F. (September 6, 2016). "Rodrigo Duterte declares a state of emergency in the Philippines". Time. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- Viray, P.L. (September 6, 2016). "Palace issues proclamation of state of national emergency". The Philippine Star. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- Macas, T. (December 9, 2016). "Duterte signs EO creating committee to review 1987 Constitution". GMA News Online. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
- Hegina, Aries Joseph (July 2, 2016). "Duterte to split workweek between Manila, Davao". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
- "The Truth About Duterte's 'Popularity' in the Philippines". The Diplomat. October 7, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2016.
- "The World's Most Powerful People 2016". Forbes. December 14, 2016. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
- "Rodrigo Duterte". Forbes. December 14, 2016. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
- "TIMELINE for Duterte's economic agenda". The Manila Times. May 29, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
- "Home". Build!. Archived from the original on June 22, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
- Calonzo, Andreo; Lopez, Ditas B. (July 25, 2021). "Duterte Pushes to Open Philippines to More Foreign Investors". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on July 26, 2021. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
- Cervantes, Filane Mikee (March 4, 2022). "PRRD signs law amending Foreign Investments Act". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on March 5, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
- Parrocha, Azer (March 21, 2022). "Duterte signs law amending Public Service Act". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on March 21, 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
- Felipe, Marvee Anne C. (2022). "Tax Laws Enacted During the Duterte Administration and the Role of STSRO in the Law-making Process" (PDF). Taxbits. XI (62nd Issue (January – February 2022)). Senate Tax Study and Research Office (STSRO): 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 20, 2022. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
- Cigaral, Ian Nicolas (December 19, 2017). "Duterte signs 2018 national budget, tax reform bill". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on December 20, 2017. Retrieved March 5, 2022.
- "Duterte signs tax reform, 2018 budget into law". ABS-CBN News. December 19, 2017. Archived from the original on December 21, 2017. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
- Gulla, Vivienne (March 5, 2019). "Duterte: TRAIN law keeps gov't running". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on March 13, 2019. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
- Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey (March 26, 2021). "Duterte signs CREATE bill into law". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved March 5, 2022.
- "Duterte signs bill on higher tobacco sin taxes". CNN Philippines. July 25, 2019. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
- Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey (January 23, 2020). "Duterte signs law imposing higher taxes on alcohol, e-cigarettes". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on January 24, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
- "'TRAIN' advocates and supporters are insensitive to the cries of the poor". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on July 22, 2018. Retrieved July 15, 2018.
- "Bandila: Kilos-protesta kontra TRAIN, isinagawa" (in Tagalog). ABS-CBN News – via YouTube.
- De La Cruz, Gabrielle (October 29, 2019). "Athletic Stadium 100% complete 50 days before the SEA Games". BluPrint. One Mega Group. Archived from the original on November 9, 2019. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
- ^ "DuterteNomics unveiled". Presidential Communications Operations Office. April 19, 2017. Archived from the original on April 20, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
- "Government's Build Build Build program embodied in PDP 2017-2022 – AmBisyon Natin 2040". National Economic and Development Authority. April 24, 2017. Archived from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
Build Build Build, the administration's comprehensive infrastructure development program, was launched during the Dutertenomics Forum held last April 18 at The Conrad Hotel, Pasay City.
- Marasigan, Lorenz S. (May 7, 2017). "BBB program gains headway". BusinessMirror. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020.
- de Vera, Ben O.; Yee, Jovic; Camus, Miguel R. (April 19, 2017). "Dutertenomics: 'Golden age of infrastructure'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on April 20, 2017.
- Heydarian, Richard Javad (February 28, 2018). "Duterte's Ambitious 'Build, Build, Build' Project To Transform The Philippines Could Become His Legacy". Forbes. Archived from the original on March 10, 2018. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- Dumlao-Abadilla, Doris (April 18, 2020). "Fitch: PH faces wary private sector in infra policy shift". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on April 21, 2020. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- Rosales, Elijah Felice (September 18, 2021). "Government mulls shift in infrastructure funding tack". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on September 19, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- de Guzman, Warren (November 14, 2019). "LIST: 100 projects under revised 'Build, Build, Build'". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on November 14, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- ^ "Recommended List of Projects for Inclusion in the Infrastructure Flagship Program" (PDF). ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 3, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- ^ Royandoyan, Ramon (April 27, 2022). "Next president to inherit 88 infra projects on 'advanced stage'". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on April 27, 2022. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
- ^ Mawis, Sara Mae D. (July 28, 2018). "Understanding the 'Build, Build, Build' program". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 27, 2018. Retrieved October 13, 2018.
- Camus, Miguel R. (September 16, 2021). "DOTr: Metro Manila Subway now 26% complete". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on September 15, 2021. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
- Bagaforo, Nelson C. (June 26, 2017). "Mindanao railway project gets support". SunStar. Archived from the original on June 28, 2017. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
- Lamentillo, Anna Mae Yu (March 23, 2018). "What is 'Build, Build, Build'?". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on August 25, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
- "WATCH: Luzon Spine Expressway Network is Duterte's P107-billion traffic decongestion plan". The Summit Express. January 26, 2018. Archived from the original on February 1, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
- Patinio, Ferdinand (July 23, 2021). "'Build, Build, Build': Paving the way to progress". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on July 23, 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
- Lamentillo, Anna Mae Yu (July 21, 2021). "What has 'Build, Build, Build' achieved so far?". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on July 21, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Alconaba, Nico (June 28, 2016). "Digong defends war on drugs, crime, graft". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on December 5, 2019.
- ^ "PH needs more rehab centers as drug users surrender in droves". The Filipino Times. July 9, 2016. Archived from the original on June 22, 2022.
- Andolong, Ina (July 8, 2016). "Duterte names country's topmost drug lords". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on July 8, 2016.
- Legaspi, Amita (July 4, 2016). "Communists answer Duterte's call to join fight vs. drugs". GMA News Online. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
- "FULL TEXT: Duterte's speech linking government officials to illegal drugs". The Philippine Star (in English and Filipino). August 7, 2016. Archived from the original on August 8, 2016.
- Corben, Ron (August 23, 2016). "Philippine War on Drugs Triggers Widespread Criticism, Senate Investigation". VOA. Archived from the original on August 24, 2016.
- Pacia, Sara Isabelle (October 16, 2016). "Story in numbers war on drugs". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on October 15, 2016. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- "'Go ahead and kill drug addicts': Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte issues fresh call for vigilante violence". South China Morning Post. Agence France-Presse. July 2, 2016. Archived from the original on July 4, 2016.
- Mogato, Manuel; Marshall, Andrew R.C. (August 24, 2016). "In a Powerpoint, Philippine police detail body count in drug war". Reuters. Archived from the original on August 25, 2016.
- Mendez, Christina; Romero, Paolo; Macairan, Evelyn; Punay, Edu; Diaz, Jess (July 19, 2016). "Duterte to pardon cops in drug killings". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on July 19, 2016.
- "Philippine leader tells police to kill only if necessary in war on drugs". Reuters. August 23, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- Regalado, Edith (September 20, 2016). "All lies, Duterte says of Matobato testimony". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on September 19, 2016.
- Suarez, KD (October 13, 2016). "Senate ends probe: Neither Duterte nor state sponsored killings". Rappler. Archived from the original on October 14, 2016.
- Bernal, Buena (February 23, 2017). "Philippines: Duterte critic De Lima arrested on drug-related charges". CNN. Archived from the original on August 17, 2017.
- Romero, Paolo (April 25, 2017). "Matobato lawyer files case vs Rody before ICC". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on September 17, 2018.
- "Duterte: PDEA now 'sole agency' in charge of drug war". The Philippine Star. October 11, 2017. Archived from the original on August 21, 2019.
- Romero, Alexis (December 5, 2017). "PNP back in drug war; PDEA still lead agency". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on November 19, 2019.
- Musico, Jelly (October 31, 2018). "PRRD institutionalizes PH's anti-illegal drugs strategy". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on November 9, 2018.
- Tan, Lara (August 17, 2017). "Duterte: I was wrong to put 6-month deadline on drug war". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on August 18, 2017. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- Cervantes, Filane Mikee (May 26, 2022). "PRRD asks Marcos to continue anti-drug campaign his 'own way'". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on May 26, 2022.
- Pedrajas, Joseph (May 30, 2022). "Duterte declines Marcos' drug czar offer; 'looking forward to retirement'". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022.
- Sarao, Zacarian (June 22, 2022). "6,252 drug suspects killed as of May 31 – PDEA". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on June 21, 2022. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- Cabuenas, Jon Viktor D. (July 17, 2022). "ICC calls on Philippine gov't to comment on reopening of drug war probe". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on July 17, 2022. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- Iyengar, Rishi. "The Killing Time: Inside Rodrigo Duterte's Drug War". Time. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
- "Philippines: Duterte's 'war on drugs' is a war on the poor". Amnesty International. February 4, 2017. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
- "38 nations ask PH: Stop killings, probe abuses". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
- Mateo, Janvic; Mendez, Christina (June 24, 2018). "Philippines does not need call from 38 states on HR". The Philippine Star. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
- "Is Rodrigo Duterte's war on drugs a stain on his legacy?". Al Jazeera. February 18, 2022. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- Santos, Eimor P. (October 7, 2016). "Filipinos satisfied with Duterte's drug war, but want suspects alive - SWS". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on October 8, 2016.
- Petty, Martin (September 23, 2019). "Filipinos give thumbs up to Duterte's 'excellent' drugs war: poll". Reuters. Archived from the original on September 24, 2019.
- "High expectations for BBM during first 100 days: PUBLiCUS". Philippine News Agency. June 29, 2022. Archived from the original on June 29, 2022.
- Maralit, Kristina (September 26, 2020). "Narcos get virus lull". Daily Tribune. Archived from the original on October 4, 2020.
- Caliwan, Christopher Lloyd (March 30, 2022). "Over 24K villages 'drug-cleared' as of February: PDEA". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on March 31, 2022.
- Cruz, Enrico dela (March 16, 2018). "Philippines' Duterte pulls out of International Criminal Court after it announced it would look into his drug war". Business Insider. Reuters. Archived from the original on March 16, 2018.
- ^ Cabico, Gaea Katreena; Patag, Kristine Joy (April 17, 2019). "Philippines becomes second country to quit ICC". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019.
- "Philippine's Duterte urges nations to abandon ICC". DW News. March 18, 2018. Archived from the original on March 18, 2018. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
- Kabiling, Genalyn (July 29, 2021). "Duterte still has no copy of Rome Statute; ICC pullout an 'empty gesture' due to treaty's non-publication". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on July 28, 2021.
- Lagrimas, Nicole-Anne C. (January 14, 2020). "Lawyer Jude Sabio withdraws one of ICC cases vs. Duterte". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on January 23, 2022. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
- Yap, D. J. (January 16, 2020). "ICC prosecutor: Probe of Duterte can't be stopped". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on January 16, 2020. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
- Navallo, Mike (July 21, 2021). "SC: President has no 'unbridled authority' to withdraw from ICC treaty but junks petitions questioning it". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on July 21, 2021.
- Peralta, Janine (September 15, 2021). "ICC pre-trial chamber authorizes PH drug war probe". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on September 15, 2021.
- "ICC finds basis for crimes against humanity in Duterte drug war". CNN Philippines. December 15, 2021. Archived from the original on December 15, 2020.
- Galang, Bamba (November 19, 2021). "ICC temporarily halts PH drug war probe". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on November 19, 2021.
- Peralta-Malonzo, Third Anne (June 26, 2022). "ICC wants resumption of probe on PH's drug war killings". SunStar. Archived from the original on June 26, 2022.
- "Marcos says ICC probe into Duterte's drug war a 'threat to sovereignty'". The Philippine Star. February 18, 2023. Archived from the original on February 18, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
- ^ "Walang isang salita! Harry Roque slams Marcos' flip-flopping but wants help vs ICC". Politiko (in English and Filipino). February 17, 2024. Archived from the original on July 26, 2024. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
- ^ Bolledo, Jairo (November 23, 2023). "Remulla says Marcos gov't to discuss rejoining ICC". Rappler. Archived from the original on November 23, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
- Calupitan, Joeal; Rising, David (September 16, 2021). "Philippines' Duterte will 'die first' before facing ICC". AP News. Archived from the original on September 16, 2021. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
- Mellejor, Lilian C. "MILF, MNLF not terrorist groups, simply fighting for Moro dignity – Duterte". Philippines News Agency. DAVAO CITY. Archived from the original on January 18, 2017.
- "Nur Misuari's bet? Duterte and Marcos, he tells Vice News". Coconuts Manila. May 8, 2016. Retrieved December 25, 2016.
- "MNLF Founder Nur Misuari Weighs in on the Philippine Presidential Election". Vice News. May 6, 2016.
- Tayao-Juego, Annelle (May 8, 2016). "Muslim groups back Duterte, ask Aquino for clean polls". Philippine Daily Inquirer. MANILA, Philippines. Retrieved December 25, 2016.
- Aben, Elena (November 7, 2016). "Duterte signs EO on Bangsamoro transition commission". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on November 7, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
- Romero, Alexis (July 26, 2018). "Duterte signs Bangsamoro Organic Law". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on July 27, 2018. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
- Geducos, Argyll Cyrus (July 27, 2018). "Duterte signs Bangsamoro Law". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on July 27, 2018. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
- "FAQs about the Bangsamoro Basic Law". GMA News Online. GMA Network. September 10, 2014. Retrieved February 16, 2015.
- ^ Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey (February 16, 2021). "Duterte grants amnesty to communist, Moro rebels". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on February 16, 2021.
- Gloria, Glenda (January 13, 2016). "Experts warn PH: Don't underestimate ISIS". Rappler. Archived from the original on August 2, 2024. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- Esguerra, Christian V. (September 21, 2014). "Aquino downplays ISIS threat in PH". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on September 22, 2014. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- "No ISIS in Mindanao – Aquino". The Manila Times. March 9, 2016. Archived from the original on September 18, 2020. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- ^ Laude, Jaime (April 12, 2017). "Troops thwart Abus in Bohol; 9 killed". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- Dioquino, Rose-An Jessica (December 2, 2016). "In parting message, Maute fighters threaten to behead military, Duterte". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on December 9, 2022. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- "Battle for Marawi: Is ISIS building a base in the Philippines?". The Straits Times. August 19, 2016. Archived from the original on June 9, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- McKirdy, Euan (May 22, 2017). "Philippines' Duterte looks to strengthen ties with trip to Moscow". CNN. Archived from the original on May 22, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- Petty, Martin; Mogato, Manuel (May 24, 2017). "Philippine leader halts Russia trip, imposes martial law on restive island". Reuters. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- Francisco, Katerina (May 24, 2017). "FAST FACTS: What you should know about the Maute Group". Rappler. Archived from the original on May 24, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- "Marawi: City destroyed in Philippines' longest urban war". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Agence France-Presse. October 19, 2017. Archived from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- ^ McKirdy, Euan; Berlinger, Joshua (October 17, 2017). "Philippines' Duterte declares liberation of Marawi from ISIS-affiliated militants". CNN. Archived from the original on October 17, 2017.
- McKirdy, Euan (July 5, 2017). "Satellite imagery shows devastation of ISIS-held Marawi". CNN. Archived from the original on July 5, 2017.
- Placido, Dharel (July 3, 2017). "Duterte orders creation of 'Task Force Bangon Marawi'". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on July 3, 2017.
- Luu, Chieu (July 22, 2017). "Philippines extends martial law in Mindanao". CNN. Archived from the original on July 24, 2017.
- Santos, Eimor P. (December 14, 2017). "Congress grants Duterte request to extend Mindanao martial law until end of 2018". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on December 14, 2017.
- Cervantes, Filane Mikee (December 12, 2018). "Congress grants martial law extension until end of 2019". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on December 16, 2018.
- Beltran, Michael; Tobin, Meaghan (December 8, 2018). "Duterte's martial law move renews authoritarianism fears in Philippines". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on December 8, 2018. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- Cigaral, Nicolas (January 1, 2020). "Martial law in Mindanao ends after 953 days". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on January 5, 2020.
- Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey (July 3, 2020). "Duterte signs anti-terror bill into law". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on July 4, 2020.
- Santos, Elmor (July 3, 2020). "Duterte signs into law the controversial anti-terrorism bill". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on August 1, 2020.
- ^ Mendoza, Ronald U.; Ong, Rommel Jude G.; Romano, Dion Lorenz L.; Torno, Bernadette Chloe P. (2021). "Counterterrorism in the Philippines: Review of Key Issues". Perspectives on Terrorism. 15 (1): 49–64. ISSN 2334-3745. JSTOR 26984797. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- Panaligan, Rey G. (December 9, 2021). "SC declares Anti-Terrorism Act constitutional except for 2 provisions". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on December 9, 2021. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- Patag, Kristine Joy (December 9, 2021). "SC leaves Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 mostly intact". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on December 9, 2021. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- "Women linked to Abu Sayyaf suicide bombings arrested in Sulu". Al Jazeera. February 23, 2021. Archived from the original on February 23, 2021. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- Cervantes, Filane Mikee (February 8, 2021). "Duterte creates National Amnesty Commission". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on February 8, 2021. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
- ^ Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey (March 19, 2020). "Ex-violent extremists now covered by E-CLIP". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on April 8, 2020. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- Nepomuceno, Priam (May 30, 2022). "NTF-ELCAC, Anti-Terrorism Act crucial to PH fight vs. insurgency". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022.
- "'BUT NOT AN NPA': Duterte declares he'll be first leftist president". GMA News Online. April 22, 2016. Archived from the original on March 16, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- ^ Mogato, Manuel (May 17, 2016). "Duterte readies for Philippine peace talks restart as rebel team arrives". Reuters. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- ^ Gloria, Glenda (May 16, 2016). "Duterte to Left: 4 departments yours". Rappler. Archived from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- Sabillo, Kristine Angeli (February 14, 2016). "Joma Sison talks about former student Duterte, other candidates". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on February 14, 2016. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- Gavilan, Jodesz (August 22, 2016). "WHO'S WHO: Political prisoners released for Oslo peace talks". Rappler. Archived from the original on August 25, 2022. Retrieved August 25, 2022.
- Macas, Trisha (August 22, 2016). "PHL hopes for peace deal with CPP-NPA-NDF within a year". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on September 23, 2016. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- ^ Ranada, Pia (December 8, 2016). "Duterte won't release political prisoners: 'They're my ace'". Rappler. Archived from the original on July 31, 2024. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- Musico, Jelly (December 8, 2020). "Duterte says no ceasefire with Reds 'ever again'". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
- Keck, Madeleine (November 29, 2017). "Duterte explains why he terminated foreign-brokered peace talks with country's rebels". Southeast Asia Globe. Archived from the original on June 15, 2023. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
- ^ Santos, Eimor P. (October 3, 2018). "Duterte fires left-leaning Labor official". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on April 11, 2019. Retrieved February 24, 2022.
- ^ Esguerra, Darryl John (October 3, 2018). "Duterte fires last leftist in government". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on February 24, 2022.
- Tordesillas, Ellen T. (July 31, 2016). "Duterte does a delicate balancing act". VERA Files. Archived from the original on December 4, 2023. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- "Gov't troops, NPA clash in Mindoro as Duterte suspends peace talks". GMA News Online. February 5, 2017. Archived from the original on July 31, 2024. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- Tordecilla, Karmela (February 6, 2017). "Duterte: CPP-NPA-NDF a terrorist group". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on February 6, 2017.
- Jerusalem, Jigger (February 6, 2017). "Duterte orders arrest of NDFP negotiators". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on February 5, 2017.
- "Joint Memorandum Circular No. 01 series of 2019" (PDF). Department of Education. National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict. pp. 2–8. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 23, 2023. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
- "Duterte: Gov't shifts to 'civilian-led approach' in fight vs. communists". CNN Philippines. December 12, 2018. Archived from the original on December 20, 2018.
- Chavez, Chito (May 5, 2021). "Defunding NTF-ELCAC exposes 822 cleared barangays to communist insurgency anew- Año". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
- Geducos, Argyll Cyrus (April 5, 2018). "Duterte creates task force for the reintegration of former rebels". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on November 29, 2019.
- Roque, EJ (March 21, 2019). "Duterte permanently ends peace talks with Reds". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on March 23, 2019.
- Romero, Alexis (March 21, 2019). "Duterte declares permanent termination of talks with Reds". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019.
- ^ Nepomuceno, Priam (July 7, 2022). "Duterte admin made significant gains vs. NPA: AFP". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on July 7, 2022.
- "Over 20K rebels abandoned CPP-NPA-NDF since 2016: NTF-ELCAC". Philippine News Agency. November 29, 2021. Archived from the original on November 29, 2021. Retrieved February 27, 2022.
- Mercado, Neil Arwin (November 30, 2020). "Duterte tells leftwing groups: 'We are not red-tagging you, we are identifying you as communist fronts'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on November 30, 2020.
- "Duterte threatens to bomb Lumad schools". GMA News Online. July 24, 2017. Archived from the original on March 2, 2022.
- "Top universities denounce red-tagging of schools". Rappler. January 24, 2021. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- "PUP students decry red-tagging, to continue pro-rights campaign". GMA News Online. September 12, 2019. Archived from the original on July 31, 2024. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- Romero, Alexis (May 17, 2024). "NTF-ELCAC won't be abolished, says Marcos". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on May 17, 2024. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- Lema, Karen (February 3, 2020). King, Larry (ed.). "Philippines' Duterte says xenophobia against Chinese must stop". Reuters. Archived from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
- Casilao, Joahna Lei (January 30, 2020). "Philippines confirms first novel coronavirus case". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on May 17, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
- Esguerra, Darryl John (January 31, 2020). "Duterte orders travel ban from Hubei". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on January 31, 2020.
- Jalea, Glee; Gregorio, Xave (February 2, 2020). "Duterte widens travel ban on mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on February 15, 2020.
- Jaymalin, Mayen (February 14, 2020). "Duterte calls for calm on COVID". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
- Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey (March 17, 2020). "PH placed under state of calamity due to Covid-19". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on May 4, 2020.
- Parrocha, Azer (March 16, 2020). "Duterte places entire Luzon under 'enhanced community quarantine'". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on April 3, 2020.
- Merez, Arianne (March 25, 2020). "'Draconian measures': Philippines rolls out pandemic fighting plan". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on March 26, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
- Luna, Franco (April 16, 2020). "Duterte asks public for 'discipline' in following quarantine rules". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on April 16, 2020.
- "'Shoot them dead': Duterte says won't tolerate lockdown violators". Interaksyon. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
- ^ "Duterte threatens to arrest Filipinos who refuse vaccination". AP News. June 22, 2021. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
- Aguilar, Krissy (November 2, 2020). "Duterte designates Galvez as COVID vaccine czar". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
- Mandhana, Niharika (July 27, 2020). "Philippines's Duterte Asks China for Access to Successful Coronavirus Vaccine". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
- Salaverria, Leila B. (April 14, 2021). "Duterte, Putin talk vaccines; PH orders 20 million Sputnik V shots". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
- "Russia offers to supply Philippines with Covid-19 vaccine". The Straits Times. August 7, 2020. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
- Venzon, Cliff (March 1, 2021). "Philippines starts COVID vaccinations, courtesy of China". Nikkei Asia. Archived from the original on March 16, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
- Venzon, Cliff (December 27, 2020). "Duterte threatens to end US military pact if no vaccines". Nikkei Asia. Archived from the original on December 27, 2020.
- Cabico, Gaea Katreena; Patag, Kristine Joy (September 10, 2020). "Roque believes Pemberton pardon linked to Duterte's desire to get COVID-19 vaccine access". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
- "Philippines' Duterte receives first dose of Sinopharm's COVID-19 vaccine". Reuters. May 3, 2021. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
- "Philippines' Duterte apologises for taking unapproved China jab". BBC News. May 6, 2021. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
- Bing, Chris; Schectman, Joel (June 14, 2024). "Pentagon ran secret anti-vax campaign to undermine China during pandemic". Reuters. Archived from the original on June 14, 2024. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
- Calonzo, Andreo (May 13, 2021). "Philippines Eases Virus Curbs as Economy Stays in Recession". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on May 14, 2021.
- "Vergeire to push redefining fully vaccinated under Marcos admin". CNN Philippines. June 30, 2022. Archived from the original on June 29, 2022.
- "DOH: 88% of provinces, cities in PH seeing increase in COVID-19 cases". CNN Philippines. July 1, 2022. Archived from the original on July 1, 2022.
- Villa, Kathleen de (April 14, 2022). "Amid push for boosters, many in PH still fear 'side effects'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on April 13, 2022.
- de Villa, Kathleen; Corrales, Nestor (April 22, 2022). "Vaccine czar lowers target as jab rate slows down". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022.
- Flores, Helen (September 9, 2021). "Duterte defends anew COVID-19 supply deals". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on September 9, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
- Peralta-Malonzo, Third Anne (August 31, 2021). "Duterte hits senators over Covid-19 response funds probe". SunStar. Archived from the original on August 6, 2024. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
- Yang, Angelica Y. (June 1, 2022). "Zubiri says he'll sign Pharmally probe report if allegations vs Duterte are removed". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
- Yang, Angelica Y. (June 1, 2022). "Zubiri says he'll sign Pharmally probe report if allegations vs Duterte are removed". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022.
- Magsambol, Bonz (June 6, 2022). "Senators refuse to sign Pharmally probe report due to inclusion of Duterte". Rappler. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022.
- ^ Lim, Yvonne (July 12, 2017). "The Philippines is aiming for an energy boom with Duterte's latest reform". CNBC. Archived from the original on July 12, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
- Dela Cruz, Enrico; Elona, Julian (July 4, 2016). "New Philippine Energy Minister Says Can't Afford to Ditch Coal". Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
- "Duterte: Green energy is good but we need coal". SunStar. December 9, 2016. Archived from the original on March 4, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
- ^ Crismundo, Kris (July 21, 2021). "DOE pushes shift to renewables during Duterte's term". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on July 22, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
- dela Cruz, Enrico; Warrier, Gopakumar (July 25, 2019). "Philippines readies new renewable energy policies to curb coal dependence". Reuters. Archived from the original on July 25, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
- "Duterte signals need for Philippines to cut coal dependence and fast-track renewables". Eco-Business. July 29, 2019. Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
- Magtulis, Prinz (October 27, 2020). "Government ends energy neutrality, favors renewables ahead of boom". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
- Crismundo, Kris (March 3, 2022). "Duterte approves inclusion of nuclear power in PH energy mix". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on March 4, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
- "Duterte signs EO outlining national policy on nuclear energy". CNN Philippines. March 3, 2022. Archived from the original on March 4, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
- Atienza, K.A.T. (January 24, 2022). "Duterte signs law to accelerate Philippines' total electrification". BusinessWorld. Archived from the original on January 24, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
- Petty, Martin (November 23, 2016). "Philippines president vows to free economy 'from clutches' of oligarchs". Reuters. Archived from the original on November 23, 2016. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
The outspoken, populist leader said it was high time to change regulations and liberalize sectors like energy, power and telecoms to make the country more competitive, and give Filipinos better services and a share of the wealth.
- Cordero, Ted (November 1, 2020). "Philippines allows 100% foreign ownership in large-scale geothermal projects —Cusi". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
- Cordero, Ted (October 31, 2020). "Right to develop Philippines' geothermal resources to be given thru open, competitive process —DOE". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved March 4, 2022.
- Salaverria, Leila B. (March 2, 2017). "Duterte finally signs Paris Agreement on climate change". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 1, 2017. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
- Quismundo, Tarra (March 15, 2017). "Senate votes to ratify Paris climate pact". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
- Galvez, Daphne (April 19, 2022). "Rich countries must pay for climate change damage – Duterte". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on April 18, 2022. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
- Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey (December 21, 2019). "Duterte wants completion of gov't transactions in hours". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on December 23, 2019. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
- Aguilar, Krissy (February 27, 2020). "Duterte streamlines gov't processes, removes redundant functions". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on February 27, 2020. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
- "Duterte signs historic EO on Freedom of Information". The Philippine Star. July 24, 2016. Archived from the original on July 25, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
- Cervantes, Filane Mikee (February 12, 2020). "PCOO eyes 80% success rate in eFOI requests by 2022". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on July 20, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
- Musico, Jelly (May 28, 2018). "Duterte signs Ease of Doing Business law". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on May 28, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
- "The ease of doing business under RA 11032". Philippine Information Agency. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
- Parrocha, Azer (January 5, 2021). "Law allowing President to rush permits in nat'l emergency OK'd". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
- Ranada, Pia (October 26, 2016). "Duterte signs EO for 8888 citizen complaint center". Rappler. Archived from the original on October 27, 2016. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
- Bajo, Anna Felicia (July 19, 2018). "Duterte vows to improve PHL's healthcare system". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on April 25, 2022. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
- Aguilar, Krissy (June 24, 2021). "Duterte vows to provide equitable healthcare service as he signs hospital bills". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
- Corrales, Nestor (July 10, 2018). "Duterte certifies as urgent the Universal Health Care Bill". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 13, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
- Parrocha, Azer (February 20, 2019). "PRRD signs Universal Healthcare Care law". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
- Roque, EJ (February 19, 2019). "Duterte signs Integrated Cancer Control law". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on February 24, 2019. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
- Placido, Dharel (February 19, 2019). "Duterte signs national integrated cancer control act". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on February 19, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
- Musico, Jelly (June 21, 2018). "Duterte signs Mental Health Law". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
- Auto, Hermes (June 21, 2018). "Duterte signs law providing free healthcare to Filipinos suffering from mental illnesses". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on September 11, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
- Parrocha, Azer (December 3, 2019). "PRRD signs Malasakit Center law". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on December 4, 2019. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
- Viray, Patricia Lourdes (January 17, 2017). "Duterte signs EO to implement RH Law". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on September 13, 2018. Retrieved February 27, 2022.
- Salaverria, Leila B. (May 19, 2017). "Duterte signs EO banning smoking nationwide". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 18, 2017. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
- Parrocha, Azer (February 17, 2020). "Duterte signs EO on medicine price cap". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on February 18, 2020. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
- Corrales, Nestor (August 4, 2017). "Duterte signs into law bill granting free tuition in SUCs". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on August 4, 2017. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
- Parrocha, Azer (September 25, 2019). "Duterte signs Transnational Higher Education Act into law". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on February 28, 2022. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
- Balinbin, Arjay L. (September 25, 2019). "Duterte signs law allowing foreign universities to offer degree programs in Philippines". BusinessWorld. BusinessWorld Publishing. Archived from the original on September 26, 2019. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
- Parrocha, Azer (January 5, 2021). "Duterte signs Doktor Para sa Bayan Act". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
- "Duterte OKs Alternative Learning System Act". ABS-CBN News. January 5, 2021. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
- Cervantes, Filane Mikee (January 5, 2021). "Alternative learning system law 'a win for marginalized learners'". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
- Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey (March 15, 2022). "PRRD OKs inclusive education for learners with disabilities". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on March 15, 2022. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
- Rola, Alyssa (June 10, 2020). "Duterte signs law establishing National Academy of Sports". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
- Nicolas, Fiona (September 5, 2016). "Duterte heads to Laos for ASEAN summit". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on November 19, 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- Storey, Ian (June 12, 2017). "Duterte's Moscow Visit Advances Philippine and Russian Foreign Policy Goals" (PDF). Perspective (2017). Singapore: ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute: 1–2. ISSN 2335-6677. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 11, 2021. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
- Galang, Mico A. (April 6, 2017). "US, China, and Duterte's 'Independent Foreign Policy'". The Diplomat. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
- Hendler, Bruno (September 3, 2018). "Duterte's Pivot to China, and Prospects for Settling the South China Sea Disputes". Contexto Internacional. 40 (2): 326. doi:10.1590/S0102-8529.2018400200005. S2CID 149738997. Archived from the original on April 25, 2022. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
- Liu, Fu-Kuo; Zou, Keyuan; Wu, Shicun; Spangler, Jonathan (April 20, 2017). South China Sea Lawfare: Post-Arbitration Policy Options and Future Prospects. South China Sea Think Tank. p. 101. ISBN 978-986-92828-3-3. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
- Shoji, Tomotaka; Tomikawa, Hideo. "Chapter 5; Southeast Asia: Duterte Takes Office, South China Sea in Flux" (PDF). East Asian Strategic Review (2017). National Institute for Defense Studies: 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 22, 2017. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
- "Pagdami ng Chinese workers, isa sa isyu sa Bonifacio Day". ABS-CBN News. November 30, 2018. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021 – via YouTube.
- "Activists mark 'Day of Valor' with anti-China protests | ANC". ABS-CBN News. April 9, 2019 – via YouTube.
- "Obama cancels meeting with 'colorful' Philippine president, who now expresses regret…". The Washington Post. September 5, 2016.
- "After cursing Obama, Duterte expresses regret…". CNN. September 5, 2016.
- See the following citations:
- Ayalin, Adrian (November 14, 2017). "ASEAN protests end with burning of US flag in Mendiola". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on November 14, 2017. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- ^ "Women's group in Manila burns US flag with Trump's face". Millennium Post. March 9, 2017. Archived from the original on April 26, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- (from 0:24) Damay din ang pati watawat ng Amerika, dahil imperyalista rin daw sila. Bandila: Ilang estudyante, nagsunog ng watawat ng China sa pagtatapos ng bisita ni Xi Jinping
- "Militants protest Trump visit". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on March 29, 2019. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
- Corrales, Nestor (May 31, 2016). "Duterte names members of Cabinet". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on August 3, 2016.
- Venzon, Cliff (June 1, 2016). "Duterte's cabinet taps retired generals and communists". Nikkei Asia. Archived from the original on November 20, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
- Viray, Patricia Lourdes (June 30, 2016). "Duterte's Cabinet takes oath, holds first meeting". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on July 1, 2016.
- "Mass Oath-Taking of the Cabinet Members". Radio Television Malacañang. Presidential Communications Operations Office. June 30, 2016. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021.
- Diola, Camille (June 3, 2016). "Duterte appoints closest aide, broadcaster to Palace posts". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on September 15, 2016.
- "Duterte 'sees nobody deserving' as next Philippine President, says he is ready to retire". The Straits Times. June 9, 2021. ISSN 0585-3923. Archived from the original on June 9, 2021. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
- Yap, Cecilia; Calonzo, Andreo (June 16, 2021). "Duterte Says Running for Vice President is a 'Good Idea'". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved June 21, 2021.
- "Philippines' Duterte Raises Rivals' Suspicions by Seeking Vice Presidency in 2022". U.S. News & World Report. Reuters. August 24, 2021. Archived from the original on April 26, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- "Duterte confirms he'll run for Philippines VP next year". Associated Press. August 25, 2021. Archived from the original on August 25, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
- Galvez, Daphne (October 8, 2021). "'Bato' dela Rosa is Cusi wing PDP-Laban's standard-bearer for 2022 polls". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on October 8, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- Galvez, Daphne (October 19, 2021). "Bato, suspected to be a placeholder, agrees to amend substitution rule". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on October 19, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- Yumol, David Tristan (October 2, 2021). "Duterte announces retirement from politics". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on October 2, 2021. Retrieved October 2, 2021.
- ^ Fernandez, Daniza (November 14, 2021). "Duterte's possible VP run a show of dismay for Sara Duterte's candidacy". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- Yumol, David Tristan (November 13, 2021). "Bato Dela Rosa withdraws from 2022 presidential race". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on November 13, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- Galvez, Daphne (November 15, 2021). "Duterte to run for senator in 2022 – Bong Go". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- Galvez, Daphne (November 17, 2021). "Duterte endorses Bong Go-Inday Sara tandem in meeting with lawmakers". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- Mercado, Neil Arwin (November 16, 2021). "It's official: Bongbong Marcos, Sara Duterte running in tandem in 2022 elections". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- Torregoza, Hannah (November 30, 2021). "Bong Go backs out of May 2022 presidential race". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on November 30, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- "Duterte withdraws from 2022 Senate race". CNN Philippines. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- "Vera Files Fact Check: Duterte walks back on declaring Marcos Jr. a 'capable' successor". VERA Files. December 2, 2021. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2024.
- Manahan, Job (March 22, 2022). "Palace: Presidential bets still seeking Duterte's endorsement". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on October 17, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- Mendoza, John Eric (March 23, 2022). "Isko still hopeful of Duterte's endorsement despite PDP-Laban backing of Marcos Jr". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 23, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- "VP spox: Robredo to welcome Duterte endorsement provided 'it's not transactional'". CNN Philippines. March 16, 2022. Archived from the original on March 17, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- ^ Fernandez, Daniza (March 31, 2022). "After PDP-Laban endorsement of Marcos Jr., Duterte insists neutrality". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 31, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- Galvez, Daphne (March 23, 2022). "Adviser urges Duterte: Endorse Marcos, he is the best to protect you". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 23, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- Geducos, Argyll Cyrus (April 2, 2022). "Duterte endorses Sara's VP candidacy". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on April 2, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- Israel, Dale G. (April 2, 2022). "Duterte endorses 17 senatorial bets". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on April 2, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- Geducos, Argyll Cyrus (February 26, 2022). "Duterte: Cabinet members, except Cusi, banned from campaigning". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on March 10, 2022. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
- Valente, Catherine S. (April 7, 2022). "Duterte will not endorse presidential bet". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on April 6, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- Galvez, Daphne (March 16, 2022). "Evardone's endorsement of Robredo has Duterte's blessing". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 16, 2022. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
- Felipe, Cecille Suerte (March 25, 2022). "Duterte, Marcos Talk, But No Endorsement – Go". One News. Archived from the original on March 27, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- Corrales, Nestor (May 5, 2022). "Duterte creates Palace transition team". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 4, 2022. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
- ^ Manahan, Job (May 10, 2022). "Duterte's popularity, regionalism crystalized votes for Marcos Jr., Sara Duterte: analysts". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022.
- Santos, Eimor P. (March 16, 2017). "Duterte faces impeachment complaint over alleged killings, corruption". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017.
- "Duterte says he's not intimidated by impeachment attempt". The Seattle Times. Associated Press. March 19, 2017. Archived from the original on March 19, 2017.
- Santos, Eimor P. (March 30, 2017). "Duterte faces more impeachment charges over 'inaction' in sea row". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on March 30, 2017.
- Cayabyab, Marc Jayson (March 30, 2017). "Solon files impeach rap vs Duterte over West PH Sea, Benham Rise". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on April 1, 2017.
- "House committee effectively dismisses impeachment complaint vs. Duterte". CNN Philippines. May 15, 2017. Archived from the original on May 15, 2017.
- Cayabyab, Marc Jayson (May 15, 2017). "House panel junks Duterte impeach complaint for lack of substance". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 17, 2017.
- Valente, Catherine S. (July 1, 2022). "Citizen Duterte flies home to Davao City". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
- ^ "Duterte Tops Voters' Mind – Pahayag". PUBLiCUS Asia. March 25, 2023. Archived from the original on April 6, 2023. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
- Bordey, Hana (September 12, 2023). "Gloria Arroyo confirms urging ex-President Duterte to be active again in politics". GMA News Online. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
- Llemit, Ralph Lawrence G. (January 14, 2023). "Ex-Pres. Duterte's 'Gikan sa Masa, Para sa Masa' returns". SunStar. Archived from the original on January 16, 2023. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
- Colina, Antonio IV (June 28, 2023). "Ex-President Duterte says Chinese envoy told him PH will be 'target' if it aids US in attacking China". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
- Llemit, Ralph Lawrence G. (February 1, 2023). "Ex-pres Duterte: ICC's drug war probe an insult to PH". SunStar. SunStar Publishing Inc. Archived from the original on July 26, 2024. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
- Colina, Antonio IV (June 13, 2023). "Ex-President Duterte Warns Implication Of US Access To PHL Military Bases". MindaNews. Archived from the original on June 13, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
- Sim, Dewey (July 18, 2023). "Xi's surprise meeting with Duterte the latest bid to improve ties with Manila". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on July 19, 2023. Retrieved July 19, 2023.
- Sadongdong, Martin (July 21, 2023). "Gibo hopes Duterte pushed for PH interests in meeting with Xi". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on July 22, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
- Lazaro, Jacob; Corrales, Nestor (July 19, 2023). "Marcos hopes Duterte, Xi talked about China's actions in WPS". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 19, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
- "PBBM meets former President Duterte in Malacañang". Presidential Communications Office. August 3, 2023. Archived from the original on August 3, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
- Morella, Cecil (January 28, 2024). "Marcos, Duterte supporters rally in Philippines as family rift deepens". ABS-CBN News. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on January 28, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- Peralta-Malonzo, Third Anne (May 19, 2023). "Arroyo denies 'coup plot' against Romualdez". SunStar. Archived from the original on July 26, 2024. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
- Andrade, Jeannette I. (May 19, 2023). "Sudden demotion: Pampanga Rep. Gloria Arroyo loses 'senior' House rank". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 19, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
- Sevillano, Stephanie (May 19, 2023). "VP Sara resigns as Lakas-CMD member". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on May 19, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
- "Sara Duterte explains tambaloslos remark". GMA News Online. June 12, 2023. Archived from the original on June 12, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
- ^ Regalado, Edith (October 12, 2023). "Duterte defends Sara on confidential funds". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
- Cruz, RG (September 5, 2023). "House panel OKs Marcos office's budget with no questions asked; surveillance funds intact". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on September 5, 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
- Gascon, Melvin (November 10, 2023). "VP Duterte gives up seeking P650M in secret funds". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- Banzuelo, Neil (October 11, 2023). "Duterte hits House after OVP is stripped of confidential funds". BusinessWorld. Archived from the original on October 12, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
- Quismorio, Ellson (November 14, 2023). "Lakas-CMD membership in House continues to grow at the expense of PDP-Laban". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on November 24, 2023. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
- ^ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (October 16, 2023). "House reps find Duterte's tirades offensive, a serious attack – secretary general". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on October 16, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
- LLanesca T., Panti (November 6, 2023). "Speaker vows fight vs. those who malign House; deputy tags Duterte". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on November 7, 2023. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
- ^ Galang, Bamba (November 9, 2023). "Political analyst: More 'tectonic shifts' seen in House as 2025 polls approach". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on November 9, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
- Panti, Llanesca T. (November 14, 2023). "7 lawmakers from Duterte-chaired PDP-Laban defect to Romualdez-led Lakas CMD". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 25, 2023.
- Quismorio, Ellson (November 14, 2023). "Duterte party down to 15 House members; solon says number will drop further". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on November 16, 2023. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
- Torres-Tupas, Tetch (October 24, 2023). "Rep. Castro files complaint vs ex-president Duterte over death threat". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
- "Castro's grave threats complaint vs. Duterte junked". CNN Philippines. January 12, 2024. Archived from the original on January 12, 2024. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
- ^ Mendoza, Red (June 22, 2023). "Duterte tops 2025 Senate bets survey". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on June 23, 2023. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
- ^ "PRRD maintains as top-of-mind Senatorial Candidate - PAHAYAG Survey". PUBLiCUS Asia. December 27, 2023. Archived from the original on December 27, 2023. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- Cariaso, Bella (January 23, 2024). "NTC makes 30-day SMNI suspension indefinite". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- Bautista, Jane (January 31, 2024). "SMNI asks Supreme Court to stop indefinite suspension". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on January 31, 2024. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- Sarao, Zacarian (December 21, 2023). "NTC suspends SMNI operations for 30 days". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on December 21, 2023. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
- Subingsubing, Krixia; Cruz, Marinel (December 20, 2023). "2 SMNI shows suspended, Duterte's 'Gikan' included". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on December 19, 2023. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
- Fernandez, Rhoel (January 7, 2024). "Ex-President Duterte wishes to talk to President Marcos Jr 'indirectly' over SMNI probe". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on January 8, 2024. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- "Pagsuspinde sa 'Gikan sa Masa, Para sa Masa', matinding paglabag sa constitutional rights −FPRRD". YouTube (in Filipino and English). DZAR 1026. 1:50–2:16. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
- Bautista, Nillicent (February 24, 2024). "De Lima: Marcos administration 'breathing room' from Duterte's 'authoritarian regime'". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on July 26, 2024. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
- Torres-Tupas, Tech (July 5, 2024). "Trillanes files plunder, graft raps vs ex-President Duterte, Bong Go". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
- Cervantes, Filane Mikee (November 23, 2023). "House tackling ICC resolution just 'a matter of course'". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on November 23, 2023. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
- Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (November 22, 2023). "Lagman on reso urging PH cooperation with ICC: We're not putting anyone on trial". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on November 24, 2023. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
- Galvez, Daphne (November 24, 2023). "Remulla To Ask Palace If Phl Is Rejoining ICC". One News. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
- Torres-Tupas, Tetch (May 7, 2024). "Trillanes: ICC expected to issue arrest warrant vs Duterte by June or July". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 7, 2024. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
- Robles, Alan (May 1, 2024). "South China Sea: probe into Duterte-Xi pact sparks rumours of political payback". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on May 1, 2024. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
- "Marcos' ex-ES Vic Rodriguez in Cebu for Rody Duterte-led prayer rally". Politiko. February 25, 2024. Archived from the original on July 26, 2024. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
- Abarca, Charie (November 8, 2023). "Imee Marcos to back Rodrigo Duterte '…even if I'm the only one left'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on November 8, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
- ^ Suelto, Diana Lhyd (March 9, 2024). "Duterte named Quiboloy group property administrator". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024. Retrieved March 9, 2024.
- Pulta, Benjamin (March 8, 2024). "No extradition request yet for Quiboloy – DOJ". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on July 26, 2024. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
- Abarca, Charie (January 23, 2024). "Senate probes Quiboloy, church offenses". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
- Garner, Jom; Oliquino, Edjen; Alcober, Neil (March 13, 2024). "Quiboloy didn't make demands, lawyer says". Daily Tribune. Archived from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
- Abarca, Charie (March 11, 2024). "Hontiveros finds 'Quiboloy conditions' absurd". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
- Gascon, Melvin (April 9, 2024). "Marcos sneers at fugitive Quiboloy's demands". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on April 9, 2024. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
- Rosauro, Ryan D. (February 21, 2024). "Quiboloy admits he is in hiding amid kill plot". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on June 9, 2024. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
- Peralta-Malonzo, Third Anne (March 5, 2024). "Senate panel cites Quiboloy in contempt". SunStar. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
- Torres-Tupas, Tetch (April 11, 2024). "Quiboloy arrest ordered, this time for qualified human smuggling". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
- Peralta-Malonzo, Third Anne (March 7, 2024). "Ejercito withdraws signature from letter opposing Quiboloy's arrest". SunStar. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
- Lacorte, Germelina (June 10, 2024). "Arresting cops visit 3 Quiboloy properties but can't find him". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 10, 2024.
- Baroña, Franco Jose (June 10, 2024). "Police serve arrest warrant vs Quiboloy". The Manila Times. Retrieved June 10, 2024.
- Porras, Karl Bryan (June 10, 2024). "Police raids fail to arrest Pastor Quiboloy at KOJC compounds". SunStar. Archived from the original on June 10, 2024. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
- Argosino, Faith (June 11, 2024). "'Excessive, unnecessary force' used in bid to get Quiboloy – Ex-Pres. Duterte". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on June 11, 2024. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
- Bordey, Hana (June 18, 2024). "Senate probe on PNP's 'excessive use of force' in serving warrants vs. Quiboloy sought". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on June 19, 2024. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
- Santos, Pat C. (March 4, 2024). "KJC demands justice for leader at Liwasang Bonifacio prayer rally". Daily Tribune. Archived from the original on July 26, 2024. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
- Gomez, Carla (May 7, 2024). "Former president Duterte attends Dumaguete prayer, peace rally". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 7, 2024. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
- ^ Francisquete, David Ezra M. (April 16, 2024). "Thousands attend Maisug prayer rally in Tagum". SunStar. Archived from the original on April 16, 2024. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
- Chagas, Bombo Angie Villones (June 20, 2024). "FPRRD giklaro nga di pagguba sa gobyerno ang rason sa pagpahigayon og Hakbang ng Maisug Rally". Bombo Radyo Davao (in Cebuano). Archived from the original on July 2, 2024. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
- Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (April 16, 2024). "Alvarez says Marcos support withdrawal call is not seditious". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on April 17, 2024. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
- ^ Tejano, Ivy (July 2, 2024). "Duterte: Gov't limited freedom of speech in Maisug prayer-rallies". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on July 2, 2024. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
- ^ De Leon, Dwight (January 29, 2024). "Tit for tat: Marcos blames Duterte's use of fentanyl for foul-mouthed tirade". Rappler. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- Alivio, Cristina E. (February 2, 2024). "FPRRD eyes to revive 'Mindanao initiative'". SunStar. Archived from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
- "Duterte bares signature-based plan for separate Mindanao". GMA News Online. January 31, 2024. Archived from the original on January 31, 2024. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- Torres, Sherrie Ann; Cruz, RG (January 31, 2024). "Senators frown at Duterte's 'plan' to 'secede' Mindanao from PH". ABS-CBN. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
- Rosauro, Ryan D.; Aning, Jerome (February 2, 2024). "Lawmakers, ex-Muslim rebels reject Duterte call for secession". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on February 3, 2024. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
- "Mindanao independence: Duterte's 'joke' that just didn't fly". Rappler. February 28, 2024. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
- Francisquete, David Ezra M. (April 30, 2024). "Mayor Baste dismayed over Maisug rally cancellation in Bulacan". SunStar. Archived from the original on April 30, 2024. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
- Gabieta, Joey (May 27, 2024). "Duterte slams 'deliberate' efforts to stop 'Maisug' rally in Tacloban". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 26, 2024. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
- Llemit, Ralph Lawrence G. (April 16, 2024). "FPRRD tells PBBM: Be happy and satisfied with your 6-year term". SunStar. Archived from the original on April 16, 2024. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
- "Former president Duterte to run for Davao City mayor anew". ABS-CBN News. October 5, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.
- "Rodrigo Duterte files COC for mayor of Davao City". GMA Integrated News. October 7, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.
- Tocmo, Hernel (November 10, 2024). "Despite running for Davao City mayor, ex-pres. Duterte says he is 'retired'". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on November 13, 2024. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
- Ombay, Giselle (October 28, 2024). "Ex-Pres. Duterte: I take full, legal responsibility for drug war". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on October 29, 2024. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
- Felipe, Cecille Suerte (October 17, 2024). "Bato sets Senate inquiry; Duterte to be invited". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on October 29, 2024. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
- Bordey, Hana (October 14, 2024). "Bong Go eyes parallel Senate probe into war on drugs". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on October 29, 2024. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
- ^ "Philippine ex-President Duterte says he kept a 'death squad' as mayor to kill criminals". Washington Times. October 28, 2024. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
- "'I did what I had to do': Duterte tells Senate committee probing his war on drugs". EFE Noticias. October 29, 2024. Archived from the original on October 29, 2024. Retrieved October 29, 2024.
- Lema, Karen (November 13, 2024). "Philippines says obliged to comply if Interpol seeks ex-president Duterte's arrest". Reuters. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
- Luyag, Margaret Claire (October 28, 2017). "'Hello, mga ka-DDS': Steven Seagal lauds Duterte's fight vs. terrorism, drugs". GMA News Online. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
- Bayoran, Gilbert (September 17, 2016). "Alvarez a 'DDS' – Diehard Duterte Supporter". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
- ^ Santos, Ana (May 1, 2017). "Rodrigo Duterte's drug war has killed thousands. Trump just invited him to the White House". Vox. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
- "Duterte, Trump, 'Brexit': Populist surge worldwide". ABS-CBN News. Agence France-Presse. November 10, 2017. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
- Aurelio, Julie M. "Bishop signs online petition seeking int'l court probe". Retrieved August 22, 2017.
- "Roque defends Duterte's rape remark: 'It's more liberal in the South'". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on September 1, 2018. Retrieved September 1, 2018.
- "Philippines' Duterte scores record high rating, despite virus crisis". Reuters. October 5, 2020. Archived from the original on October 10, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2022.
- Francisco, Katerina (July 24, 2017). "'Tatay Digong' brand, charisma behind Duterte's survey numbers – analysts". Rappler. Archived from the original on July 24, 2017. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
- Aquino, Norman P. (July 21, 2019). "'Tatay Digong' thrives on pathos to keep rock-star status". BusinessWorld. Archived from the original on April 8, 2022. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
- "Special report on Satisfaction Rating of the President: Pres. Duterte's Net Satisfaction at +79 in November 2020, +65 in May 2021, and +62 in June 2021" (PDF). Social Weather Stations. September 24, 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 26, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
- Espinosa, Ian Carl (September 26, 2023). "Rody Duterte still leading candidate for midterm polls". SunStar. Archived from the original on December 27, 2023. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
- "The 'son of a whore' story is about so much more than Duterte's dirty mouth". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
- Bencito, J. P.; Araneta, S.; Araja, R. N. (May 11, 2016). "Duterte starts searching for Cabinet men". The Standard. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2016.
- "Malacañang on Duterte rape remark: The masses get him". Rappler. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
- Joe Sterling; Buena Bernal. "Duterte jokes about rape while rallying troops to fight militants". CNN. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
- "Duterte makes rape 'joke' for martial law troops". Al Jazeera. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
- "Philippines' Duterte denounced for defending killing of some journalists". Reuters. June 2, 2016. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
- ^ Croucher, Shane (May 31, 2019). "Philippines President Duterte says he was once gay "but I cured myself"". Newsweek.
- "Barack Obama scraps planned talks with Rodrigo Duterte over 'son of whore' slur". ABC News. September 6, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- "Philippine president accuses U.S. of "importing" terrorism to Middle East". Xinhua. July 9, 2016. Archived from the original on July 10, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
- "Duterte tells Obama to 'go to hell,' explains frustration with U.S." CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on November 8, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
- Romero, Alexis. "Duterte vows more attacks on Catholic Church". The Philippine Star. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
- Corrales, Nestor (May 22, 2016). "Duterte defies Catholic Church's belief on family planning". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
- "Philippines' Duterte launches vulgar attacks on Church". PRI. May 24, 2016. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
- "Sedition charges against four bishops and three priests are 'beyond belief'". AsiaNews. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
- "Philippines: Duterte's First Year a Human Rights Calamity". Human Rights Watch. June 28, 2017. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
- "Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte is suspending his war on drugs to go after "corrupt" police". Newsweek. January 30, 2017. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
- "License to Kill". Human Rights Watch. March 2, 2017. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
- Glazer, Andrew; Rocklin, Jeremy (March 26, 2017). "When a President Says, 'I'll Kill You'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
- "Philippines: Duterte Threatens Human Rights Community". Human Rights Watch. August 17, 2017. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
- Nawal, Allan (May 27, 2015). "Facebook groups add meaning to DDS". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
- "Net Satisfaction Ratings of Presidents: Philippines (Page 2 of 2)". Social Weather Stations. September 24, 2021. Archived from the original on October 19, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
- ^ De Vera-Ruiz, Ellalyn (February 8, 2022). "75% of Filipinos satisfied with Duterte – SWS survey". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on February 11, 2022. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
- De Vera-Ruiz, Ellalyn (July 13, 2022). "Former President Duterte's net satisfaction rating rises to +65 in April SWS survey". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on July 13, 2022. Retrieved September 25, 2022.
- ^ "Second Quarter 2022 Social Weather Survey: Pres. Rodrigo Duterte's final net satisfaction rating at +81" (PDF). Social Weather Stations. September 23, 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 25, 2022. Retrieved September 25, 2022.
- Estopace, F. G. (July 13, 2016). "Duterte rides on 'excellent' trust rating". BusinessWorld. Archived from the original on August 20, 2017. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
- Hegina, Aries Joseph (July 20, 2016). "Duterte becomes PH's most trusted official". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on November 26, 2016. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
- ^ Nicolas, Jino (July 10, 2018). "Satisfaction with Duterte drops to record-low +45". BusinessWorld. Archived from the original on June 27, 2022. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
- Merez, Arianne (December 28, 2018). "Duterte closes 2018 with 'very good' satisfaction rating- SWS". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on December 28, 2018. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
- Heydarian, Richard Javad (May 2, 2019). "Philippine midterms could extend Duterte's rule". Asia Times. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020.
- de Vera, Ben O. (December 20, 2019). "Duterte approval rating of 87 percent in December attributed to poverty reduction, SEA Games 'high'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on December 20, 2019.
- Parrocha, Azer (October 8, 2020). "8 in 10 Pinoys approve Duterte admin's Covid-19 response". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
- Malindog-Uy, Anna (October 11, 2020). "In Duterte We Trust". The ASEAN Post. Archived from the original on October 12, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
- Cruz, Kaithreen (April 12, 2022). "Duterte bowing out with high ratings". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
- De Vera-Ruiz, Ellalyn (March 22, 2022). "More than half of Pinoy voters support 'partial continuity' of Duterte's policies — survey". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on March 22, 2022. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
- De Vera-Ruiz, Ellalyn (June 27, 2022). "PUBLiCUS survey: Duterte is most popular post-EDSA 1 president". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on June 27, 2022. Retrieved June 28, 2022.
- "'BUT NOT AN NPA': Duterte declares he'll be first leftist president". GMA News Online. April 22, 2016. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
- Palatino, Mong. "Is the Philippines' Duterte Really a Leftist?". The Diplomat. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
- "'BUT NOT AN NPA': Duterte declares he'll be first leftist president". GMA News Online. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
- Mallari, Delfin T. Jr. "Joma Sison wishes 'best of health' for ex-student Duterte". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
- Sabillo, Kristine Angeli. "Joma Sison talks about former student Duterte, other candidates". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
- Ranada, Pia; Caduaya, Editha (September 18, 2015). "22 things to know about 'Duterte Harry'". Rappler. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
- Regalado, Edith (March 3, 2001). "Davao City Mayoral Race; Duterte siblings slugging it out". Philstar. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
- Sy Cua, Aric John (January 13, 2023). "Ex-president Duterte's program returns on SMNI". The Manila Times. Retrieved January 31, 2023.
- Monforte, Cha (April 15, 2015). "2 Duterte aides hurt in accident". BusinessMirror. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
- Apostol, Gina (May 29, 2017). "Speaking in Fascism's Tongues". New York Times. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
- Palicte, Che (December 21, 2022). "Ex-President Duterte gifts kids with cancer". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on December 22, 2022. Retrieved December 22, 2022.
- Lacorte, Germelina (February 5, 2012). "Duterte matriarch dies at 95". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
- ^ Andolong, Ina (June 24, 2016). "Elizabeth Zimmerman: Digong still takes care of me". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on June 27, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
- Ranada, Pia (October 4, 2016). "Jewish community applauds Duterte after apology". Rappler. Archived from the original on October 5, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
- Macasero, Ryan (April 13, 2016). "Duterte's ex-wife: It's not true he kills innocent people". Rappler. Archived from the original on May 11, 2022. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
- "Duterte son answers call of campaign". Philippine Daily Inquirer. March 14, 2016. Archived from the original on March 14, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
- Cabico, Gaea Katreena (May 14, 2019). "Dutertes cement grip on Davao City politics after a widely expected victory". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
- ^ Hofilena, Chay (July 28, 2015). "'Philandering' Rodrigo Duterte cause of marriage annulment". Rappler. Archived from the original on July 29, 2015. Retrieved November 16, 2024.
- "Duterte's ex-wife skips cancer treatments to launch campaign caravan". GMA News Online.
- "Duterte wants conflict with Muslims settled". Bohol News Today. January 13, 2015. Archived from the original on June 3, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
- Mercado, Neil Arwin (June 9, 2019). "Meet Rodrigo III, the President's first great-grandson". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
- Figueroa, Antonio V. (December 5, 2015). "The Duterte Bloodline". EDGE Davao. Archived from the original on September 14, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
- Romero, Alexis (May 20, 2016). "Duterte says he believes in God but not in religion". The Philippine Star. Retrieved September 2, 2016.
- "Duterte slams Church as hypocritical institution". Philippine Daily Inquirer. May 23, 2016. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
- ^ Torres, Hazel (June 29, 2016). "Duterte vows to promote birth control in the Philippines, says he's a Christian but believes 'in one god Allah'". Christian Today. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
- ^ "Duterte: I'm not agnostic, not atheist". Philippine News Agency. July 7, 2018.
- ^ "Rodrigo Duterte doubles down on attack on God, asks for proof". Newshub. July 8, 2018. Archived from the original on July 8, 2018.
- Esguerra, Darryl John. "Duterte: Part of me is Islam". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
- ^ Patag, Kristine Joy (November 27, 2018). "Barbs and the Bible: The continuing clashes between Duterte and Bishop David". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on December 13, 2018. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- ^ Aurelio, Julie M.; Corrales, Nestor (January 12, 2019). "Duterte renews attack on Church, dares gay bishops to come out". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on January 12, 2019. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- Santos, Tina G. (November 30, 2018). "Bishops defend David from Duterte allegations". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on December 7, 2018. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- Regencia, Ted (June 25, 2018). "Duterte's 'stupid God' quip is his 'personal opinion' – spokesman". Al Jazeera. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
- Maresca, Thomas (April 25, 2017). "Duterte's bloody drug war draws potent foe: Catholic church". USA Today. Archived from the original on April 25, 2017. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- Mercado, Neil Arwin (November 19, 2021). "Duterte to say if Quiboloy will remain as spiritual adviser — Palace". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on November 19, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
- Tan, Alyssa Nicole O. (April 4, 2022). "Palace: Duterte's spiritual adviser can defend himself". BusinessWorld. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
- Tocmo, Hernel (January 7, 2024). "Church critic Duterte claims he now attends 3 Masses on Sundays". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on October 14, 2024. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
- Frialde, Mike (December 10, 2015). "Duterte: I may not last 6 years in office". The Philippine Star. Retrieved December 17, 2015.
- "Philippines President Duterte admits killing suspects". CNN. December 14, 2016. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
- "Philippines: Duterte confirms he personally killed three men". BBC. December 16, 2016. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
- "Duterte's shocking, shrewd shot at the Philippine presidency". Channel NewsAsia. May 6, 2016. Archived from the original on October 5, 2016. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
- Ranada, Pia (November 30, 2015). "Rodrigo Duterte: Yes, I'm a womanizer". Rappler. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
- Samuels, Gabriel. "Philippines president Rodrigo Duterte mental health assessment reveals tendency to 'violate rights and feelings'". The Independent. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- "Philippine President Duterte says he has muscle disease that causes eyelid to droop". The Straits Times. October 6, 2019. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
- Gregorio, Xave (October 6, 2019). "Duterte reveals he has a neuromuscular disease". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on October 6, 2019. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
- Mateo, Janvic (April 20, 2017). "Duterte declines UP honorary doctorate". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on September 15, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2023.
- Colina, Antonio IV (March 28, 2023). "Davao City Council declares March 28 as Duterte Day". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on March 28, 2023. Retrieved March 30, 2023.
- "51 years later: San Beda honors Rody Duterte with Juris Doctor degree". Politiko. November 29, 2023. Archived from the original on December 3, 2023. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- Nawal, Allan. "Duterte conferred with highest Knights of Rizal award". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved February 24, 2017.
- Manahan, Job (June 8, 2023). "Ex-President Duterte skips awards promoting 'PH-China understanding'". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on June 8, 2023. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
- "PRRD receives honorary doctorate from top Russian school". PTVNews. October 6, 2019. Retrieved March 14, 2022.
- Mendez, Christina (October 8, 2019). "With Russian honorary doctorate, Duterte preaches about climate change". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved March 14, 2022.
- "It's Datuk Duterte now after Johor Sultan, Philippine leader meet-up". The Star Online. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
Further reading
- Juego, Bonn (2017). "The Philippines 2017: Duterte-led authoritarian populism and its liberal-democratic roots" (PDF). Asia Maior; the Journal of the Italian Think Tank on Asia Founded by Giorgio Borsa in 1989. XXVIII. Viella s.r.l. & Associazione Asia Maior: 129–163. ISSN 2385-2526. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 1, 2022. Retrieved December 1, 2022.
- "The Punisher". Eye for an Eye. (Vice) Bethesda Softworks LLC. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
External links
- MORE VIGILANTE-STYLE KILLINGS REPORTED IN DAVAO CITY Leaked US cable, January 20, 2005
- DAVAO OFFICIALS DENY VIGILANTE KILLINGS, BUT HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION BLAMES MAYOR Leaked cable to US Secretary of State, May 8, 2009
- 100 Days of Change: President Rodrigo Duterte Archived July 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
Offices and distinctions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Rodrigo Duterte | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||
Presidency |
| |||||||
Elections | ||||||||
Family |
| |||||||
Related | ||||||||
Articles related to Rodrigo Duterte | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
- Media from Commons
- Quotations from Wikiquote
- Texts from Wikisource
- Data from Wikidata
- Rodrigo Duterte
- 1945 births
- Living people
- 20th-century Filipino lawyers
- 21st-century Filipino lawyers
- 20th-century Filipino politicians
- 21st-century Filipino politicians
- Ateneo de Davao University alumni
- Candidates in the 2016 Philippine presidential election
- Critics of the Catholic Church
- Filipino nationalists
- Filipino anti-communists
- Filipino politicians of Chinese descent
- Former Roman Catholics
- Left-wing populists
- Lyceum of the Philippines University alumni
- Mayors of places in Davao del Sur
- Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Davao City
- PDP–Laban politicians
- People from Davao City
- Politicians from Davao del Sur
- People of the Philippine drug war
- People self-identified as ex-gay
- People with antisocial personality disorder
- Presidents of the Philippines
- San Beda University alumni
- Visayan people
- Nacionalista Party politicians
- Liberal Party (Philippines) politicians
- Mayors of Davao City