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{{Short description|International art movement}}
'''Stuckism''' is a British Art Movement of the ] and ], founded by ] and Charles Thomson. The name was coined by Thomson in response to the following comment, made by artist ] to Childish, then her boyfriend:
{{Good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox organization
|image = File:Stuckism logo.svg
|alt = Stuckism Logo
|motto =
|formation = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1999|01|28}}<ref name=origins> Accessed 11 April 2006</ref>
|leader_title = Founders
|leader_name = ]<br/>]
|leader_title2 = Members of first group
|leader_name2 = ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], Frances Castle, Sheila Clarke, Sanchia Lewis
|leader_title3 = Later members
|leader_name3 = ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], Mike Mayhew, ], ]
|name = Stuckism
|image_border =
|size = 200px
|abbreviation =
|location = Worldwide
|membership = 233 groups
|website = {{URL|stuckism.com/}}
}}


'''Stuckism''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|t|ʌ|k|ɪ|z|əm}}) is an international ] founded in 1999 by ] and ] to promote ] as opposed to ].<ref name=tate>, '']''. Retrieved 16 September 2009.</ref><ref>, ], ]. Retrieved 15 November 2008.</ref> By May 2017, the initial group of 13 British artists had expanded to 236 groups in 52 countries.<ref name=stuckismwebsite>, stuckism.com. Retrieved 22 May 2017.</ref>
:''Your art is stuck, stuck, stuck!''


Childish and Thomson have issued several manifestos. The first one was ''The Stuckists'', consisting of 20 points starting with "Stuckism is a quest for ]".<ref name=stuckistmanifest>, stuckism.com. Retrieved 17 November 2011.</ref> '']'', the other well-known manifesto of the movement, opposes the deconstruction and irony of ] in favor of what Stuckists refer to as the "spirituality" of the artist.<ref> {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120420012721/http://painting.about.com/od/artglossaryr/g/defremodernism.htm |date=20 April 2012 }}, about.com. Retrieved 17 November 2011.</ref> In another manifesto they define themselves as ''anti-anti-art''<ref>, ], 27 October 2000. Retrieved 17 November 2011.</ref> which is against ] and for what they consider conventional art.<ref name = thomson>{{cite web|url = http://www.stuckism.com/StuckistAntiAntiArt.html |title = Anti-anti-art|website= stuckism.com |date = 4 November 2000|first1=Billy|last1= Childish|first2=Charles|last2= Thomson}}</ref>
The Stuckists formed as an alternative to the ]-patronised ] (also known as Brit Art). The group are defined by their ''Stuckist Manifesto'' that places great importance on the values of traditional artistic skills over the popularity of "easy" installation pieces, and oppose ] (at least as it is presently practised in art).


After exhibiting in small galleries in ], London, the Stuckists' first show in a major public museum was held in 2004 at the ], as part of the ]. The group has demonstrated annually at ] against the ] since 2000, sometimes dressed in clown costumes. They have also come out in opposition to the ]-patronised ].<ref>, Artist Biographies website.</ref><ref>, 20 October 2011, The Telegraph website.</ref>
The Stuckists later declared that they aimed to replace ] with ].


Although painting is the dominant artistic form of Stuckism, artists using other media such as photography, sculpture, film and ] have also joined, and share the Stuckist opposition to conceptualism and "ego-art."<ref name=robertjanas>"Stuckism International: The Stuckist Decade 1999–2009", ], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218183410/http://www.victoriapress.co.uk/ |date=18 December 2014 }}, 2009, a: p.73 - b: p.64, {{ISBN|0-907165-28-1}}.</ref>
The Stuckists have become more active in recent years and have broadened their ideological basis. They even put forward a Stuckist candidate, Charles Thomson, for the ].


==Name, founding and origin==
Childish later left Stuckism but remains committed to its principles
], ], ], ] and musician Russell Wilkinson
at the Rochester Adult Education Centre to record ] LP, 11 December 1987.]]


The name "Stuckism" was coined in January 1999 by ] in response to a poem read to him several times by ]. In it, Childish recites that his former girlfriend, ] had said he was "stuck! stuck! stuck!" with his art, poetry and music.<ref name=milner7>] (August 2004), "A Stuckist on Stuckism: Stella Vine", from: Ed. Frank Milner (2004), ''The Stuckists Punk Victorian'', pp. 7–9, ], {{ISBN|1-902700-27-9}}. Available online at and on stuckism.com.</ref> Later that month, Thomson approached Childish with a view to co-founding an art group called Stuckism, which Childish agreed to, on the basis that Thomson would do the work for the group, as Childish already had a full schedule.<ref name=milner7/>
In July 2002 Thomson opened the Stuckism International Centre and Gallery in ], ]. Other Stuckists have opened Centres in ], ] and ]. There are now 50 Stuckist groups round the world.


There were eleven other founding members: ], Frances Castle, Sheila Clark, ], ], ], ], Sanchia Lewis, ], ], and ].<ref name=milner7/> The membership has evolved since its founding through creative collaborations:<ref>, stuckism.com. Retrieved 18 October 2009.</ref> the group was originally promoted as working in paint, but members have since worked in various other media, including poetry, fiction, performance, photography, film and music.<ref name=milner7/>


In 1979, Thomson, Childish, Bill Lewis and Ming were members of ] performance group, to which Absolon and Sanchia Lewis had earlier contributed.<ref name=milner7/> Peter Waite's Rochester Pottery staged a series of solo painting shows.<ref name=milner7/> In 1982, ] broadcast a documentary on the poets.<ref name=milner7/> That year, Emin, then a fashion student, and Childish started a relationship; her writing was edited by Bill Lewis, printed by Thomson and published by Childish.<ref name=milner7/> Group members published dozens of works.<ref name=milner7/> The poetry group dispersed after two years, reconvening in 1987 to record ''The Medway Poets'' LP.<ref name=milner7/> Clark, Howard and Machine became involved over the following years.<ref name=milner7/> Thomson got to know Williams, who was a local art student and whose girlfriend was a friend of Emin; Thomson also met Everall.<ref name=milner7/> During the foundation of the group, Ming brought in his girlfriend, Guru, who in turn invited Castle.<ref name=milner7/>
] constitutes a sister movement to stuckism but is more interested in the exploration of the arist's fascinations than in the modernist revival.


==Manifestos==
]


In August 1999, Childish and Thomson wrote ''The Stuckists ]''<ref name=stuckistmanifest/> which stress the value of painting as a medium, its use for communication, and the expression of emotion and experience – as opposed to what Stuckists see as the superficial novelty, nihilism and irony of conceptual art and ]. The most contentious statement in the manifesto is: "Artists who don't paint aren't artists".<ref> Sarah Cassidy, '']'', 23 August 2006,</ref>
== D E F A S T E N I S M ==

The second and third manifestos, ''An Open Letter to Sir Nicholas Serota'' and '']'' respectively, were sent to the director of the ], ]. He sent a brief reply: "Thank you for your open letter dated 6&nbsp;March. You will not be surprised to learn that I have no comment to make on your letter, or your manifesto 'Remodernism'."<ref>, stuckism.com, 1999. Retrieved 20 May 2007</ref>
The Defastenists are close to creating an unstoppable remodernist art scene RECALLING THE EXCITEMENT OF DADA AND FUTURISM BUT IN THE HERE AND NOW in Dublin, Paris, Berlin, Galway,Drogheda and New York. Bored with the diadactic and pessimistic art of postmodernism: The Defastenists make art inspired by their desires, fetises, obsessions and eccentricities. Founded in Dublin by artists Gary Farrelly and Alex Reilly, personel include: David Mc Dermott, Oisin Byrne, Padraic Moore, Louisa Loomes, Sofie Iremongre, Liam Ryan, Donna Marie O'Donovan, Karim Mezianne and Seannan Oliver Manfred Kerr

In the ''Remodernism'' manifesto, the Stuckists declared that they aimed to replace postmodernism with remodernism, a period of renewed spiritual (as opposed to religious) values in art, culture and society. Other manifestos have included ''Handy Hints'', ''Anti-anti-art'', ''The Cappuccino writer and the Idiocy of Contemporary Writing'', ''The Turner Prize'', ''The Decreptitude of the Critic'' and ''Stuckist critique of Damien Hirst''.

In ''Anti-anti-art'', the Stuckists outlined their opposition to what is known as "]".<ref name="thomson" /> Stuckists claim that ] is justified by the work of ], but that Duchamp's work is "anti-art by intent and effect". The Stuckists feel that "Duchamp's work was a protest against the stale, unthinking artistic establishment of his day", while "the great (but wholly unintentional) irony of ] is that it is a direct equivalent of the conformist, unoriginal establishment that Duchamp attacked in the first place".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.angelfire.com/art2/asullivan/stuckism.html |title=Stuckism : Art Against Art Against Art |publisher=Angelfire.com |access-date=2013-10-21}}</ref>

Manifestos have been written by other Stuckists, including the Students for Stuckism group. An "Underage Stuckists" group was founded in 2006 with a manifesto for teenagers written by two 16-year-olds, Liv Soul and Rebekah Maybury, on ].<ref>, stuckism.com. Retrieved 25 April 2006</ref> In 2009, a group calling itself The Other Muswell Hill Stuckists published ''The Founding, Manifesto and Rules of The Other Muswell Hill Stuckists''.<ref name="Danchev2011">{{cite book |last=Danchev |first=Alex |title=100 Artists' Manifestos: From the Futurists to the Stuckists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L80epydK6qcC&pg=PT537 |year=2011 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-193215-6 |page=537}}</ref>

==Growth in the UK==
]

In July 1999, the Stuckists were first mentioned in the media, in an article in ''The Evening Standard'' and soon gained other coverage, helped by press interest in Tracey Emin, who had been nominated for the ].<ref>, stuckism.com. Retrieved 30 August 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Aitch|first1=Iain|title=Dirty Laundry Brit Artists Tracey Emin and Billy Childish go very public|url=http://www.gettingit.com/article/373|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021104064024/http://www.gettingit.com/article/373|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 November 2002|publisher=Whoa!|access-date=17 March 2015|date=23 November 1999}}</ref>

The first Stuckist show was ''Stuck! Stuck! Stuck!'' in September 1999 in Joe Crompton's in ] Gallery 108 (now defunct), followed by ''The Resignation of Sir Nicholas Serota''. In 2000, they staged ''The Real Turner Prize Show'' at the same time as the ]'s Turner Prize exhibition.<ref>, '']'', 24 October 2000. Retrieved 30 August 2011. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091114085645/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/showbiz/article-891549-turner-prize-a-load-of-rubbish.do |date=14 November 2009 }}</ref>

A "Students for Stuckism" group was founded in 2000 by students from ], who staged their own exhibition. ] was expelled from the painting degree course at Camberwell college for his paintings,<ref>Alberge, Dalya, "Students accuse art college of failing to teach them the basics", '']'', p. 9, 8 July 2002. Online at .</ref> and had the first solo exhibit at the Stuckism International Gallery in 2002, named ''I Don't Want a Painting Degree if it Means Not Painting''.<ref>, stuckism.com. Retrieved 30 August 2011.</ref>

Thomson stood as a Stuckist candidate for the ], in the constituency of ], against ], the then ]. He picked up 108 votes (0.4%).<ref>, stuckism.com. Retrieved 30 August 2011.</ref><ref>, BBC. Retrieved 30 August 2011.</ref> Childish left the group at this time because he objected to Thomson's leadership.<ref>, April 2004, trakmarx.com. Retrieved 13 September 2011.</ref><ref>, stuckism.com. Retrieved 30 August 2011.</ref>

]]]

From 2002 to 2005 Thomson ran the ] in Shoreditch, London. In 2003, under the title ''A Dead Shark Isn't Art'', the gallery exhibited a shark which had first been put on public display in 1989 (two years before ]'s) by Eddie Saunders in his Shoreditch shop, JD Electrical Supplies. It was suggested that Hirst may have seen this and copied it.<ref name=deadshark>, stuckism.com. Retrieved 20 March 2006.</ref>

In 2003 they reported ] to the UK ], complaining that he had an effective monopoly on art. The complaint was not upheld.<ref>, stuckism.com. Retrieved 27 May 2006</ref> In 2003, an allied group, ], was founded by Larry Dunstan and Andy Bullock. In 2005 the Stuckists offered a donation of 175 paintings from the Walker show to the Tate, but it was rejected by the Tate's trustees.<ref>, '']'', 11 December 2005. Retrieved 30 August 2011.</ref>

In August 2005, Thomson alerted the press to the fact that the Tate had purchased a work by ], ''The Upper Room'', for £705,000 while the artist was a serving Tate trustee.<ref>, The Guardian, 11 December 2005.</ref><ref>, stuckism.com. Retrieved 27 May 2006</ref> Fraser Kee Scott, owner of ], demonstrated with the Stuckists outside the Tate Gallery against the ]. Scott said in '']'' that the Tate Gallery's chairman, Paul Myners, was hypocritical for refusing to divulge the price paid. Ofili had asked other artists to donate work to the gallery.<ref name=walden>Walden, Celia. "Spy: Art-felt grumble", '']'', p. 22, 19 October 2008.</ref> In July 2006 the Charity Commission censured the gallery for acting outside its legal powers.<ref>Alberge, Dalya (2006) ''The Times'' online, 19 July 2006. Retrieved 8 April 2007</ref> Sir Nicholas Serota stated that the Stuckists had "acted in the public interest".<ref>Front Row, BBC Radio 4, interview by Mark Lawson, 25 July 2006</ref>

In October 2006, the Stuckists staged their first exhibition, '']'', in a commercial West End gallery, ],<ref name=portrait>Barnes, Anthony (2006) ''The Independent on Sunday''. Retrieved 9 October 2006, from findarticles.com</ref> signalling their entry as "major players" in the art world.<ref name=pants>Teodorczuk, Tom (2006) '']'', 22 August 2006. Retrieved 9 October 2006 from thisislondon.co.uk. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617120902/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/arts/article-23364213-details/Modern+art+is+pants/article.do |date=17 June 2009 }}</ref>

]. ''Charles Saatchi'', 2006.]]

An international symposium on Stuckism took place in October 2006 at the ] during the Liverpool Biennial. The programme was led by ], founder of the Liverpool Stuckists. There was an accompanying exhibition in the 68&nbsp;Hope Gallery at ] (John Moores University Gallery).<ref>, Independents Liverpool Biennial. Retrieved 30 August 2011.</ref>

By 2006, there were 63 Stuckist groups in the UK. Members include Naive John, ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]. ] opened Stuckism Wales at his home, a permanent exhibition of (mainly Welsh) paintings. ] is a regular guest artist.<ref>, stuckism.com. Retrieved 30 August 2011.</ref>

In 2010, Paul Harvey's painting of Charles Saatchi was banned from the window display of the Artspace Gallery in ], London, on the grounds that it was "too controversial for the area".<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716081052/http://londonersdiary.standard.co.uk/2010/08/mr-saatchi-in-the-frame.html |date=16 July 2011 }}, '']'', 24 August 2010. Retrieved 28 August 2010.</ref><ref name="spoonfed">, ], 25 August 2010. Retrieved 28 August 2010. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312083222/http://www.spoonfed.co.uk/spooners/spoonfed-arts-team-8139/charles-saatchi-painting-gets-stuckists-shut-down-3643/|date=12 March 2012}}</ref> It was the centrepiece of the show, ''Stuckist Clowns Doing Their Dirty Work'', the first exhibition of the Stuckists in ],<ref name=spoonfed/> and depicted Saatchi with a sheep at his feet and a halo made from a cheese wrapper.<ref name=wilkinson/> The ] said that Saatchi "would not have any problem" with the painting's display.<ref name=wilkinson>Wilkinson, Tara Loader., '']'', 26 August 2010. Retrieved 28 August 2010.</ref> The gallery announced they were shutting down the show.<ref name=spoonfed/> Harvey said, "I did it to make Saatchi look friendly and human. It's a ludicrous decision".<ref name=wilkinson/>
The Stuckists protested with emails to the gallery.<ref name=carmichael>Carmichael, Kim. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917232318/http://www.journallive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-news/2010/08/28/painting-by-north-east-artist-sparks-row-in-art-world-61634-27154002/ |date=17 September 2010 }}, '']'', 28 August 2010. Retrieved 28 August 2010.</ref> Subsequently, the painting was reinstated and the show continued.<ref name=carmichael/>

===Demonstrations===
{{main|Stuckist demonstrations}}
]'s '']''. The cutout is Tate chairman ].]]

The Stuckists gained significant media coverage for eight years of protests (2000–2006 and 2008) outside Tate Britain against the Turner Prize, sometimes dressed as clowns. In 2001, they demonstrated in ] at the unveiling of ]'s ''Monument''. In 2002, they carried a coffin marked ''The Death of Conceptual Art'' to the ] Gallery.<ref>, stuckism.com. Retrieved 19 April 2008.</ref><ref name="cripps"/> In 2004 outside the launch of ''The Triumph of Painting'' at the Saatchi Gallery they wore tall hats with Charles Saatchi's face emblazoned and carried placards claiming that Saatchi had copied their ideas.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402205727/http://www.thejournal.co.uk/news/north-east-news/painting-north-east-artist-sparks-4453343 |date=2 April 2015 }}, The Journal, 28 August 2010.</ref>

Events outside Britain have included ''The Clown Trial of President Bush'' held in ] in 2003 to protest against the ]. ] has exhibited political and satirical collages in ] for which he was arrested,<ref name=guardianbriton>Birch, Nicholas. , '']'', 13 September 2006. Retrieved 2 September 2007.</ref> and charged, but acquitted of any crime—an outcome which was seen to have positive implications for Turkey's relationship with the ].<ref name=tait>Tait, Robert. , '']'', 26 September 2008. Retrieved 15 November 2008.</ref>

===The Stuckists Punk Victorian===
{{main|The Stuckists Punk Victorian}}
''The Stuckists Punk Victorian'' was the first national gallery exhibition of Stuckist art. It was held at the Walker Art Gallery and ] and was part of the 2004 Liverpool Biennial. It consisted of over 250 paintings by 37 artists, mostly from the UK but also with a representation of international Stuckist artists from the US, Germany and Australia. There was an accompanying exhibition of Stuckist photographers. A book, ''The Stuckists Punk Victorian'', was published to accompany the exhibition. '']'' journalist Jane Kelly exhibited a painting of ] in the show, which may have been the cause of her dismissal from her job.<ref name=sacked>Wells, Matt and Cozens, Claire. , '']'', 30 September 2004. Retrieved 1 February 2008.</ref>

===A Gallery===
{{Further|A Gallery#Stuckists}}

], Wimbledon, July 2007. Paintings by ] (left) and Paul Harvey, sculpture by Adrian Bannister.]]
In July 2007, the Stuckists held an exhibition at ], ''I Won't Have Sex with You as long as We're Married'',<ref name=prune>Duff, Oliver. , '']'', 5 June 2007. Retrieved 24 December 2008. </ref><ref name=moody>Moody, Paul. , '']'', 12 July 2007. Retrieved 9 December 2008.</ref> titled after words apparently said to Thomson by his ex-wife, ] on their wedding night.<ref name=moody/> The show coincided with the opening of Vine's major show at ] and was prompted by Thomson's anger that the material promoting her show did not mention her time with the Stuckists.<ref name=prune/> Tate chairman ] visited both shows.<ref name=legal>Duff, Oliver. , (3rd story), '']'', 27 July 2007. Retrieved 24 December 2008. </ref>

===''Sir Nicholas Serota Makes an Acquisitions Decision''===
]. '']'', 2000]]
], ]. ]]

{{main|Sir Nicholas Serota Makes an Acquisitions Decision}}
As Charlotte Cripps of '']'' wrote, Charles Thomson's painting ''Sir Nicholas Serota Makes an Acquisitions Decision'' is one of the best known paintings to come out of the Stuckist movement,<ref name=cripps>Cripps, Charlotte. , '']'', 7 September 2004. Retrieved from findarticles.com, 7 April 2008.</ref> and as Jane Morris wrote in '']'' it's a likely "signature piece" for the movement,<ref name=morris>Morris, Jane. , '']'', 24 August 2006. Retrieved 19 April 2008.</ref> standing for its opposition to conceptual art. Painted in 2000, the piece has been exhibited in later Stuckist shows, and featured on placards in ] against the Turner Prize. It depicts Sir Nicholas Serota, Director of the Tate Gallery and the usual chairman of the Turner Prize jury, and satirises Young British Artist Tracey Emin's installation, '']'', consisting of her bed and objects, including ], which she exhibited in 1999 as a Turner Prize nominee.<ref name=cassidy>Cassidy, Sarah. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001130452/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article1221073.ece |date=1 October 2007 }}, '']'', 23 August 2006. Retrieved 19 April 2008.</ref>

==International movement==
In 2000, ] started the first Stuckist group outside Britain in Melbourne, Australia, and it was decided that other artists should be free to start their own groups also, named after their locality.<ref name=milner20>], "A Stuckist on Stuckism" in: Milner, Frank, ed. ''The Stuckists Punk Victorian'', p.20, ] 2004, {{ISBN|1-902700-27-9}}. Essay available online at .</ref> Stuckism has since grown into an international art movement<ref name=tate/> of 233 groups in 52 countries, as of July 2012.<ref name=stuckismwebsite/>

===Africa===
Mafa Bamba founded ''The Abidgan Stuckists'' in 2001 in Ivory Coast and Kari Seid founded ''The Cape Town Stuckists'' in 2008 in South Africa.<ref name=stuckistgroups>, stuckism.com. Retrieved 30 November 2011.</ref>

===America===
] with US Stuckists, ], ], Marisa Shepherd, ] and Catherine Chow, 2001]]
{{Main|Stuckism in the United States}}
In 2000, Susan Constanse founded the first U.S. group ''The Pittsburgh Stuckists'' in ]<ref name=stuckistgroups/>—the second group to be founded outside the UK. This was announced in the ''In Pittsburgh Weekly'', 1 November 2000: "The new word in art is Stuckism. A Stuckist paints their life, mind and soul with no pretensions and no excuses."<ref>. The document lists articles in newspapers and magazines from Britain, Cyprus, Germany, Scotland, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates, United States. Retrieved 15 November 2008.</ref> By 2011, there were 44 U.S. Stuckist groups. There have been Stuckist shows and demonstrations in the U.S., and American Stuckists have also exhibited in international Stuckist shows abroad. U.S. Stuckists include Ron Throop, ], ] and ].<ref name=stuckistgroups/> There are also 4 Stuckist groups in Canada including ''The White Rock Stuckists'' in ] founded by David Wilson.<ref name=stuckistgroups/>

===Asia===
] founded the first Pakistani Stuckist group, ''The Karachi Stuckists'', in 2005.<ref>, jang.com. Retrieved 24 October 2010.</ref> At the end of 2009 he was thinking of expanding ''The Karachi Stuckists'' with new members,<ref>, stuckism.com. Retrieved 24 October 2010.</ref> but on 15 January 2010 he committed suicide.<ref>, '']'', 16 January 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.</ref> In 2011, Sheherbano Husain restarted the group.<ref name=stuckistgroups/>

''The Tehran Stuckists'' is an Iranian Stuckist, Remodernist and anti-anti-art group of painters founded in 2007 in ],<ref name=stuckistgroups/> which is a major protagonist of Asian Stuckism.<ref name=robertjanas/> In April 2010 they curated the first Stuckist exhibition in Iran, ''Tehran Stuckists: Searching for the Unlimited Potentials of Figurative Painting'', at Iran Artists Forum, Mirmiran Gallery.<ref name=exhibitions>, Tehran Stuckists website. Retrieved 10 February 2012.</ref> Their second exhibition, ''International Stuckists: Painters Out of Order'', including paintings by Stuckists from Iran, Britain, USA, Spain, South Africa, Pakistan and Turkey was held at Day Gallery in November 2013.<ref name=municipality> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508234450/http://en.tehran.ir/default.aspx?tabid=77&ArticleId=1575 |date=8 May 2015 }}, Tehran Municipality website. Retrieved 20 October 2014.</ref> Although one of the main aspects of Stuckism movement is that "the Stuckist allows him/herself uncensored expression",<ref name=stuckistmanifest/> but ''The Tehran Stuckists''' exhibitions in Iran are censored and they are not allowed to exhibit some of their artworks in Iranian galleries.<ref name=articlesaboutart>"Articles about Art 2": ''Analytic Study of Stuckism Movement in Paintings'' {{in lang|fa}}, Tayebeh Rouzbahani, page 237, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019233257/http://www.daryabeygipublications.com/ |date=19 October 2014 }}, 2014, {{ISBN|978-600-93925-2-0}}.</ref> The group has also participated in Stuckist exhibitions in Britain, Lithuania and Spain.<ref name=exhibitions/>

Other Asian Stuckists are Shelley Li (China), Smeetha Boumik (India), Joko Apridinoto (Indonesia), Elio Yuri Figini (Japan) and Fady Chamaa (Lebanon).<ref name=stuckistgroups/>

===Europe===
]. ''Rotes Kliff'', 2008]]
''The Prague Stuckists'' were founded in 2005 in the Czech Republic by ],<ref name=stuckistgroups/><ref name=LucieSmith>], ], ], "The Enemies of Art: The Stuckists" (2011), p. 8, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218183410/http://www.victoriapress.co.uk/ |date=18 December 2014 }}, {{ISBN|978-0-907165-31-6}}.</ref> Other Stuckist artists in Europe include ] (Germany), ] (Turkey), ] (Greece), Artista Eli (Spain), Kloot Per W (Belgium), Jaroslav Valečka (Czech Republic), ] (Czech Republic),<ref name=Enemies>], "Stuck Between Prague and London: Paul Harvey Jiri Hauschka Edgeworth Johnstone Charles Thomson Jaroslav Valecka" (2013), {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218183410/http://www.victoriapress.co.uk/ |date=18 December 2014 }}, {{ISBN|978-0-907165-33-0}}. As available on Amazon.co.uk.</ref> Markéta Korečková (Czech Republic), Ján Macko (Slovakia) and Pavel Lefterov (Bulgaria).<ref name=stuckistgroups/>

===Oceania===
{{main|Stuckism in Australia}}
In October 2000, Regan Tamanui founded ''The Melbourne Stuckists'' in Melbourne,<ref>, ], ]. Retrieved 15 November 2008.</ref> the fourth Stuckist group to be started and the first one outside the UK. On 27 October 2000, he staged the ''Real Turner Prize Show'' at the Dead End Gallery in his home, concurrent with three shows with the same title in England (London, ] and ]) and one in Germany in protest against the Tate Gallery's Turner Prize. Other Australian Stuckists include ], who exhibited in ''The Stuckists Punk Victorian''.<ref>, ], ]. Retrieved 15 November 2008. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201155232/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/walker/exhibitions/stuckists/international/godfreyblow.asp |date=1 December 2008 }}</ref> In 2005 Mike Mayhew also founded ''The Christchurch Stuckists'' in New Zealand.<ref name=stuckistgroups/>

==Ex-Stuckists==
Co-founder Billy Childish left the group in 2001, but has stated that he remains committed to its principles. Sexton Ming left to concentrate on a solo career with the ]. Wolf Howard left in 2006, but has exhibited with the group since. ] who ran the Stuckism Centre USA in New Haven, left the group in 2006 to focus on ].

] (right) with Charlotte Gavin (left) and ] at the ''Vote Stuckist'' show in 2001, where her work was first shown publicly.<ref name=sos23/>]]

In June 2000, Stella Vine went to a talk given by Childish and Thomson on Stuckism and Remodernism in London.<ref name=salon>, stuckism.com. Retrieved 18 December 2008.</ref> At the end of May 2001, she exhibited some of her paintings publicly for the first time in the ''Vote Stuckist'' show in Brixton, and formed The Westminster Stuckists group.<ref name=sos23>
] (August 2004), "A Stuckist on Stuckism: Stella Vine", from: Ed. Frank Milner (2004), ''The Stuckists Punk Victorian'', p. 23, ], {{ISBN|1-902700-27-9}}. Available online at .</ref> On 4 June, she took part in a Stuckist ].<ref name=salon/><ref>, ], 4 June 2001. Retrieved 6 January 2008.</ref> By 10 July, she had renamed her group The Unstuckists.<ref>, stuckism.com, 10 July 2001. Retrieved from ], 9 January 2009.</ref> In mid-August, Thomson and Vine married.<ref>"Trouble and strife", '']'', p. 12, 20 August 2001.</ref> A work by her was shown in the Stuckist show in Paris, which ended in mid-November, by which time she had rejected the Stuckists,<ref name=sos23/> and the marriage had ended.

In February 2004, Charles Saatchi bought a painting of ], by Vine and was credited with "discovering" her. Thomson said it was the Stuckists and not Saatchi who had discovered her.<ref name=alleyne2>Alleyne, Richard. , '']'', 28 February 2004. Retrieved 10 January 2008.</ref> At the end of March 2004, Thomson made a formal complaint about Saatchi to the Office of Fair Trading, claiming that Saatchi's leading position was monopolistic "to the detriment of smaller competitors",<ref name=stummer>Stummer, Robin. , '']'', 28 March 2004. Retrieved 17 December 2008.</ref> citing Vine as an example of this.<ref name=renton>Renton, Andrew. "Artists' licence; Collector Charles Saatchi, artist Tracey Emin and painter Stella Vine have all been criticised for 'unfair' practices. But 'fairness' would kill art.", '']'', p. 41, 6 April 2004.</ref> On 15 April, the OFT closed the file on the case on the basis that Saatchi was not "in a dominant position in any relevant market."<ref>, stuckism.com. Retrieved 10 January 2009.</ref>

==Responses and critique==
A short time after the 1999 exhibition of '']'' and the Stuckists' response with '']'', a pair of ]ists named ] performed an ] titled ''Two Naked Men Jump into Tracey's Bed'' at the Tate Gallery's Turner Prize. Cai had written, among other things, the words "Anti Stuckism" on his bare back as the two jumped on the bed and performed a pillow fight. Fiachra Gibbons of ''The Guardian'' wrote (in 1999) that the event "will go down in art history as the defining moment of the new and previously unheard of Anti-Stuckist Movement."<ref name=satirists>Gibbons, Fiachra (1999)'']'' online, 25 October 1999. Retrieved 22 March 2006.</ref> Writing in ''The Guardian'' ten years later, Jonathan Jones described the Stuckists as "enemies of art", and what they say as "cheap slogans" and "hysterical rants".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Jonathan |title=The Stuckists are enemies of art |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/2009/oct/01/art-stuckist-manifesto |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=16 March 2015|date=2 October 2009}}</ref>

The artist Max Podstolski wrote that the art world needed a new manifesto, as confrontational as that of ] or ], "written with a heart-felt passion capable of inspiring and rallying art world outsiders, dissenters, rebels, the neglected and disaffected", and suggests that "Well now we've got it, in the form of Stuckism".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Podstolski |first1=Max |title=Head vs. Heart: a Critique of the Stuckist Manifesto |url=http://www.spark-online.com/issue32/podstolski.html |journal=Spark-online |access-date=16 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328082935/http://www.spark-online.com/issue32/podstolski.html |archive-date=28 March 2013 |date=May 2002 |volume=32 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

New York art gallery owner Edward Winkleman wrote in 2006 that he had never heard of the Stuckists, so he "looked them up on Misplaced Pages", and stated he was "turned off by their anti-conceptual stance, not to mention the inanity of their statement about painting, but I'm more than a bit interested in the democratization their movement represents." Thomson responded to Winkleman directly.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Winkleman |first1=Edward |title=The Stuckists |url=http://www.edwardwinkleman.com/2006/08/stuckists.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121124072909/http://www.edwardwinkleman.com/2006/08/stuckists.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 November 2012 |access-date=16 March 2015 |date=28 August 2006 }}</ref><!--Winkleman is notable in this context, read above for why-->

Also in 2006, Colin Gleadell, writing in '']'', noted that the Stuckists' first exhibition in central London had brought "multiple sales" for leading artists of the movement, and that this raised the question of how good they were at painting. He observed that "Whatever the critics may say, buyers from the UK, the US and Japan have already taken a punt. Six of Thomson's paintings have sold for between £4,000 and £5,000 each. Joe Machine, a former ] who paints for therapeutic reasons, has also sold six paintings for the same price."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gleadell|first1=Colin|title=Market news: Roger Hilton's child-like drawings, 'stuckist' paintings and Edward Seago|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3655699/Market-news-Roger-Hiltons-child-like-drawings-stuckist-paintings-and-Edward-Seago.html|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=17 March 2015|date=3 October 2006}}</ref>

] defended Sir Nicholas Serota from Stuckist campaigns, criticizing the movement's anti-conceptualism for its association with "forces of social reaction" such as the '']'' and upholding Serota as the "greatest single champion of modern art in Britain".<ref name=TakeThat>Vallely, Paul. "Tate that: Serota defies his critics", '']'', 16 August 2008. Retrieved 21 February 2024</ref> Vallely stated that while "I did smile" at ''Acquisitions Decision'', he equally admired Serota's "cool response to the Stuckist détournement", visiting the Punk Victorian show and conversing with members before rejecting an offered donation of their work as not of "sufficient quality in terms of accomplishment, innovation or originality of thought to warrant preservation in perpetuity in the national collection"<ref name=TakeThat />

The BBC arts correspondent Lawrence Pollard wrote in 2009 that the way was paved for "cultural agitators" like the Stuckists, as well as the ], ] and others, by the '']'' of 20 February 1909.<ref>{{cite web |title=Back to the Futurists |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7894877.stm |publisher=BBC |access-date=17 March 2015 |date=20 February 2009}}</ref>

==Gallery==
Some UK Stuckist artists' work:
<gallery widths="140px" heights="140px" perrow="4">
Image:Philip Absolon. Breakdown.jpg|]. ''Breakdown'' (uploaded 2008, date of creation not known)
Image:John Bourne. Epsom Kitchen.jpg|]. ''Epsom Kitchen'' (uploaded 2008<!--date of creation not known-->)
Image:Mark D. Victoria Beckham.jpg|]. ''Victoria Beckham: America Doesn't Love Me'' (uploaded 2008<!--date of creation not known-->)
Image:Elsa Dax. Bacchus.jpg|]. ''Bacchus'' (uploaded 2008<!--date of creation not known-->)
Image:Eamon Everall. The Marriage.jpg|]. ''The Marriage'' (uploaded 2008<!--date of creation not known-->)
Image:Ella Guru, Goodbye Columbus.jpg|]. ''Goodbye Columbus'', (uploaded 2008<!--date of creation not known-->)
Image:Paul Harvey, Ford Anglia with Tent and Giotto Tree.jpg|]. ''Ford Anglia with Tent and Giotto Tree'' (uploaded 2008<!--date of creation not known-->)
Image:Jane Kelly. Psychosis 1.jpg|]. ''If We Could Undo Psychosis 1'' (uploaded 2008<!--date of creation not known-->)
Image:Bill Lewis. The Laughter of Small White Dogs.jpg|]. ''The Laughter of Small White Dogs'' (uploaded 2008<!--date of creation not known-->)
Image:Joe Machine, Diana Dors with an Axe.jpg|]. ''Diana Dors with an Axe'' (uploaded 2008<!--date of creation not known-->)
Image:Peter McArdle, Artist and Model.jpg|]. ''Artist and Model'' (uploaded 2008<!--date of creation not known-->)
Image:Charles Thomson. A Single Woman in London.jpg|]. ''A Single Woman in London Is Never more than Six Inches from the Nearest Rat'' (uploaded 2008<!--date of creation not known-->)
</gallery>

==See also==
{{colbegin}}
* {{annotated link|List of Stuckist artists}}
* {{annotated link|List of Stuckist shows}}
* {{annotated link|Remodernism}}
* {{annotated link|Dogme 95}}
* {{annotated link|Neomodernism}}
* {{annotated link|New Puritans}}
* {{annotated link|Wesley Kimler}} (anti-conceptual artist)
{{colend}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* Ed. Katherine Evans, "The Stuckists", Victoria Press, 2000, {{ISBN|0-907165-27-3}}.
* Ed. Frank Milner, "The Stuckists punk Victorian", ], 2004, {{ISBN|1-902700-27-9}}.
* ], "Stuckism International: The Stuckist Decade 1999–2009", Victoria Press, 2009, {{ISBN|0-907165-28-1}}.
* ], Robert Janás, ], "The Enemies of Art: The Stuckists", Victoria Press, 2011, {{ISBN|0-907165-31-1}}.
* Gabriela Luciana Lakatos, (pages 13–14), University of Art and Design Cluj Napoca, 2011.
* Yolanda Morató, "¿Qué pinto yo aquí? Stuckistas, vanguardias remodernistas y el mundo del arte contemporáneo", Zut, 2006, ISSN 1699-7514
* Charles Thompson, "Stuck in the Emotional Landscape - Jiri Hauschka, Jaroslav Valecka", Victoria press, 2011, {{ISBN|978-0-907165-32-3}}.


==External links== ==External links==
{{Commons category|Stuckism}}
* website
{{Wikiquote|Charles Thomson (artist)}}
*
{{Wikiquote|Billy Childish}}
*
*
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120015706/http://www.thethingis.co.uk/index.php/2007/10/15/tti-speak-to-charles-thomson/ |date=20 November 2007 }}
*
*
*
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331205642/http://www.centraleuropestuckists.eu/ |date=31 March 2013 }}

{{Stuckism International|state=expanded}}
{{Remodernism}}
{{Westernart}}
{{Criticism of postmodernism}}
{{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 03:45, 27 September 2024

International art movement

Stuckism
Stuckism Logo
Formation28 January 1999; 25 years ago (1999-01-28)
Location
  • Worldwide
Membership233 groups
FoundersBilly Childish
Charles Thomson
Members of first groupPhilip Absolon, Eamon Everall, Ella Guru, Bill Lewis, Joe Machine, Charles Williams, Wolf Howard, Sexton Ming, Frances Castle, Sheila Clarke, Sanchia Lewis
Later membersElsa Dax, Guy Denning, Michael Dickinson, Robert Janás, Odysseus Yakoumakis, John Bourne, Mark D, Paul Harvey, Stephen Howarth, Alexis Hunter, Abby Jackson, Naive John, Rachel Jordan, Jane Kelly, Peter McArdle, Mandy McCartin, Peter Murphy, Rémy Noë, Udaiyan, Jeffrey Scott Holland, Frank Kozik, Terry Marks, Nicholas Watson, Godfrey Blow, Asim Butt, Mike Mayhew, Regan Tamanui, Jonathon Coudrille
Websitestuckism.com

Stuckism (/ˈstʌkɪzəm/) is an international art movement founded in 1999 by Billy Childish and Charles Thomson to promote figurative painting as opposed to conceptual art. By May 2017, the initial group of 13 British artists had expanded to 236 groups in 52 countries.

Childish and Thomson have issued several manifestos. The first one was The Stuckists, consisting of 20 points starting with "Stuckism is a quest for authenticity". Remodernism, the other well-known manifesto of the movement, opposes the deconstruction and irony of postmodernism in favor of what Stuckists refer to as the "spirituality" of the artist. In another manifesto they define themselves as anti-anti-art which is against anti-art and for what they consider conventional art.

After exhibiting in small galleries in Shoreditch, London, the Stuckists' first show in a major public museum was held in 2004 at the Walker Art Gallery, as part of the Liverpool Biennial. The group has demonstrated annually at Tate Britain against the Turner Prize since 2000, sometimes dressed in clown costumes. They have also come out in opposition to the Charles Saatchi-patronised Young British Artists.

Although painting is the dominant artistic form of Stuckism, artists using other media such as photography, sculpture, film and collage have also joined, and share the Stuckist opposition to conceptualism and "ego-art."

Name, founding and origin

Sexton Ming, Tracey Emin, Charles Thomson, Billy Childish and musician Russell Wilkinson at the Rochester Adult Education Centre to record The Medway Poets LP, 11 December 1987.

The name "Stuckism" was coined in January 1999 by Charles Thomson in response to a poem read to him several times by Billy Childish. In it, Childish recites that his former girlfriend, Tracey Emin had said he was "stuck! stuck! stuck!" with his art, poetry and music. Later that month, Thomson approached Childish with a view to co-founding an art group called Stuckism, which Childish agreed to, on the basis that Thomson would do the work for the group, as Childish already had a full schedule.

There were eleven other founding members: Philip Absolon, Frances Castle, Sheila Clark, Eamon Everall, Ella Guru, Wolf Howard, Bill Lewis, Sanchia Lewis, Joe Machine, Sexton Ming, and Charles Williams. The membership has evolved since its founding through creative collaborations: the group was originally promoted as working in paint, but members have since worked in various other media, including poetry, fiction, performance, photography, film and music.

In 1979, Thomson, Childish, Bill Lewis and Ming were members of The Medway Poets performance group, to which Absolon and Sanchia Lewis had earlier contributed. Peter Waite's Rochester Pottery staged a series of solo painting shows. In 1982, TVS broadcast a documentary on the poets. That year, Emin, then a fashion student, and Childish started a relationship; her writing was edited by Bill Lewis, printed by Thomson and published by Childish. Group members published dozens of works. The poetry group dispersed after two years, reconvening in 1987 to record The Medway Poets LP. Clark, Howard and Machine became involved over the following years. Thomson got to know Williams, who was a local art student and whose girlfriend was a friend of Emin; Thomson also met Everall. During the foundation of the group, Ming brought in his girlfriend, Guru, who in turn invited Castle.

Manifestos

The first Stuckists group of 13 artists at the Real Turner Prize Show, Pure Gallery, Shoreditch, London, in October 2000

In August 1999, Childish and Thomson wrote The Stuckists manifesto which stress the value of painting as a medium, its use for communication, and the expression of emotion and experience – as opposed to what Stuckists see as the superficial novelty, nihilism and irony of conceptual art and postmodernism. The most contentious statement in the manifesto is: "Artists who don't paint aren't artists".

The second and third manifestos, An Open Letter to Sir Nicholas Serota and Remodernism respectively, were sent to the director of the Tate, Nicholas Serota. He sent a brief reply: "Thank you for your open letter dated 6 March. You will not be surprised to learn that I have no comment to make on your letter, or your manifesto 'Remodernism'."

In the Remodernism manifesto, the Stuckists declared that they aimed to replace postmodernism with remodernism, a period of renewed spiritual (as opposed to religious) values in art, culture and society. Other manifestos have included Handy Hints, Anti-anti-art, The Cappuccino writer and the Idiocy of Contemporary Writing, The Turner Prize, The Decreptitude of the Critic and Stuckist critique of Damien Hirst.

In Anti-anti-art, the Stuckists outlined their opposition to what is known as "anti-art". Stuckists claim that conceptual art is justified by the work of Marcel Duchamp, but that Duchamp's work is "anti-art by intent and effect". The Stuckists feel that "Duchamp's work was a protest against the stale, unthinking artistic establishment of his day", while "the great (but wholly unintentional) irony of postmodernism is that it is a direct equivalent of the conformist, unoriginal establishment that Duchamp attacked in the first place".

Manifestos have been written by other Stuckists, including the Students for Stuckism group. An "Underage Stuckists" group was founded in 2006 with a manifesto for teenagers written by two 16-year-olds, Liv Soul and Rebekah Maybury, on MySpace. In 2009, a group calling itself The Other Muswell Hill Stuckists published The Founding, Manifesto and Rules of The Other Muswell Hill Stuckists.

Growth in the UK

Stuck! Stuck! Stuck!, the first Stuckist show, 1999

In July 1999, the Stuckists were first mentioned in the media, in an article in The Evening Standard and soon gained other coverage, helped by press interest in Tracey Emin, who had been nominated for the Turner Prize.

The first Stuckist show was Stuck! Stuck! Stuck! in September 1999 in Joe Crompton's in Shoreditch Gallery 108 (now defunct), followed by The Resignation of Sir Nicholas Serota. In 2000, they staged The Real Turner Prize Show at the same time as the Tate Gallery's Turner Prize exhibition.

A "Students for Stuckism" group was founded in 2000 by students from Camberwell College of Arts, who staged their own exhibition. S.P. Howarth was expelled from the painting degree course at Camberwell college for his paintings, and had the first solo exhibit at the Stuckism International Gallery in 2002, named I Don't Want a Painting Degree if it Means Not Painting.

Thomson stood as a Stuckist candidate for the 2001 British General Election, in the constituency of Islington South & Finsbury, against Chris Smith, the then Secretary of State for Culture. He picked up 108 votes (0.4%). Childish left the group at this time because he objected to Thomson's leadership.

Stuckism International Gallery

From 2002 to 2005 Thomson ran the Stuckism International Centre and Gallery in Shoreditch, London. In 2003, under the title A Dead Shark Isn't Art, the gallery exhibited a shark which had first been put on public display in 1989 (two years before Damien Hirst's) by Eddie Saunders in his Shoreditch shop, JD Electrical Supplies. It was suggested that Hirst may have seen this and copied it.

In 2003 they reported Charles Saatchi to the UK Office of Fair Trading, complaining that he had an effective monopoly on art. The complaint was not upheld. In 2003, an allied group, Stuckism Photography, was founded by Larry Dunstan and Andy Bullock. In 2005 the Stuckists offered a donation of 175 paintings from the Walker show to the Tate, but it was rejected by the Tate's trustees.

In August 2005, Thomson alerted the press to the fact that the Tate had purchased a work by Chris Ofili, The Upper Room, for £705,000 while the artist was a serving Tate trustee. Fraser Kee Scott, owner of A Gallery, demonstrated with the Stuckists outside the Tate Gallery against the gallery's purchase of The Upper Room. Scott said in The Daily Telegraph that the Tate Gallery's chairman, Paul Myners, was hypocritical for refusing to divulge the price paid. Ofili had asked other artists to donate work to the gallery. In July 2006 the Charity Commission censured the gallery for acting outside its legal powers. Sir Nicholas Serota stated that the Stuckists had "acted in the public interest".

In October 2006, the Stuckists staged their first exhibition, Go West, in a commercial West End gallery, Spectrum London, signalling their entry as "major players" in the art world.

Paul Harvey. Charles Saatchi, 2006.

An international symposium on Stuckism took place in October 2006 at the Liverpool John Moores University during the Liverpool Biennial. The programme was led by Naive John, founder of the Liverpool Stuckists. There was an accompanying exhibition in the 68 Hope Gallery at Liverpool School of Art and Design (John Moores University Gallery).

By 2006, there were 63 Stuckist groups in the UK. Members include Naive John, Mark D, Elsa Dax, Paul Harvey, Jane Kelly, Udaiyan, Peter McArdle, Peter Murphy, Rachel Jordan, Guy Denning and Abby Jackson. John Bourne opened Stuckism Wales at his home, a permanent exhibition of (mainly Welsh) paintings. Mandy McCartin is a regular guest artist.

In 2010, Paul Harvey's painting of Charles Saatchi was banned from the window display of the Artspace Gallery in Maddox Street, London, on the grounds that it was "too controversial for the area". It was the centrepiece of the show, Stuckist Clowns Doing Their Dirty Work, the first exhibition of the Stuckists in Mayfair, and depicted Saatchi with a sheep at his feet and a halo made from a cheese wrapper. The Saatchi Gallery said that Saatchi "would not have any problem" with the painting's display. The gallery announced they were shutting down the show. Harvey said, "I did it to make Saatchi look friendly and human. It's a ludicrous decision". The Stuckists protested with emails to the gallery. Subsequently, the painting was reinstated and the show continued.

Demonstrations

Main article: Stuckist demonstrations
Outside the Turner Prize, Tate Britain, 2005: Stuckists demonstrate against the purchase of Chris Ofili's The Upper Room. The cutout is Tate chairman Paul Myners.

The Stuckists gained significant media coverage for eight years of protests (2000–2006 and 2008) outside Tate Britain against the Turner Prize, sometimes dressed as clowns. In 2001, they demonstrated in Trafalgar Square at the unveiling of Rachel Whiteread's Monument. In 2002, they carried a coffin marked The Death of Conceptual Art to the White Cube Gallery. In 2004 outside the launch of The Triumph of Painting at the Saatchi Gallery they wore tall hats with Charles Saatchi's face emblazoned and carried placards claiming that Saatchi had copied their ideas.

Events outside Britain have included The Clown Trial of President Bush held in New Haven in 2003 to protest against the Iraq War. Michael Dickinson has exhibited political and satirical collages in Turkey for which he was arrested, and charged, but acquitted of any crime—an outcome which was seen to have positive implications for Turkey's relationship with the European Union.

The Stuckists Punk Victorian

Main article: The Stuckists Punk Victorian

The Stuckists Punk Victorian was the first national gallery exhibition of Stuckist art. It was held at the Walker Art Gallery and Lady Lever Art Gallery and was part of the 2004 Liverpool Biennial. It consisted of over 250 paintings by 37 artists, mostly from the UK but also with a representation of international Stuckist artists from the US, Germany and Australia. There was an accompanying exhibition of Stuckist photographers. A book, The Stuckists Punk Victorian, was published to accompany the exhibition. Daily Mail journalist Jane Kelly exhibited a painting of Myra Hindley in the show, which may have been the cause of her dismissal from her job.

A Gallery

Further information: A Gallery § Stuckists
The A Gallery, Wimbledon, July 2007. Paintings by Peter McArdle (left) and Paul Harvey, sculpture by Adrian Bannister.

In July 2007, the Stuckists held an exhibition at A Gallery, I Won't Have Sex with You as long as We're Married, titled after words apparently said to Thomson by his ex-wife, Stella Vine on their wedding night. The show coincided with the opening of Vine's major show at Modern Art Oxford and was prompted by Thomson's anger that the material promoting her show did not mention her time with the Stuckists. Tate chairman Paul Myners visited both shows.

Sir Nicholas Serota Makes an Acquisitions Decision

Charles Thomson. Sir Nicholas Serota Makes an Acquisitions Decision, 2000
Demonstration against the Turner Prize, 2006. Left to right: Federico Penteado, Charles Thomson, John Bourne.
Main article: Sir Nicholas Serota Makes an Acquisitions Decision

As Charlotte Cripps of The Independent wrote, Charles Thomson's painting Sir Nicholas Serota Makes an Acquisitions Decision is one of the best known paintings to come out of the Stuckist movement, and as Jane Morris wrote in The Guardian it's a likely "signature piece" for the movement, standing for its opposition to conceptual art. Painted in 2000, the piece has been exhibited in later Stuckist shows, and featured on placards in Stuckist demonstrations against the Turner Prize. It depicts Sir Nicholas Serota, Director of the Tate Gallery and the usual chairman of the Turner Prize jury, and satirises Young British Artist Tracey Emin's installation, My Bed, consisting of her bed and objects, including knickers, which she exhibited in 1999 as a Turner Prize nominee.

International movement

In 2000, Regan Tamanui started the first Stuckist group outside Britain in Melbourne, Australia, and it was decided that other artists should be free to start their own groups also, named after their locality. Stuckism has since grown into an international art movement of 233 groups in 52 countries, as of July 2012.

Africa

Mafa Bamba founded The Abidgan Stuckists in 2001 in Ivory Coast and Kari Seid founded The Cape Town Stuckists in 2008 in South Africa.

America

Charles Thomson with US Stuckists, Nicholas Watson, Terry Marks, Marisa Shepherd, Jesse Richards and Catherine Chow, 2001
Main article: Stuckism in the United States

In 2000, Susan Constanse founded the first U.S. group The Pittsburgh Stuckists in Pittsburgh—the second group to be founded outside the UK. This was announced in the In Pittsburgh Weekly, 1 November 2000: "The new word in art is Stuckism. A Stuckist paints their life, mind and soul with no pretensions and no excuses." By 2011, there were 44 U.S. Stuckist groups. There have been Stuckist shows and demonstrations in the U.S., and American Stuckists have also exhibited in international Stuckist shows abroad. U.S. Stuckists include Ron Throop, Jeffrey Scott Holland, Frank Kozik and Terry Marks. There are also 4 Stuckist groups in Canada including The White Rock Stuckists in British Columbia founded by David Wilson.

Asia

Asim Butt founded the first Pakistani Stuckist group, The Karachi Stuckists, in 2005. At the end of 2009 he was thinking of expanding The Karachi Stuckists with new members, but on 15 January 2010 he committed suicide. In 2011, Sheherbano Husain restarted the group.

The Tehran Stuckists is an Iranian Stuckist, Remodernist and anti-anti-art group of painters founded in 2007 in Tehran, which is a major protagonist of Asian Stuckism. In April 2010 they curated the first Stuckist exhibition in Iran, Tehran Stuckists: Searching for the Unlimited Potentials of Figurative Painting, at Iran Artists Forum, Mirmiran Gallery. Their second exhibition, International Stuckists: Painters Out of Order, including paintings by Stuckists from Iran, Britain, USA, Spain, South Africa, Pakistan and Turkey was held at Day Gallery in November 2013. Although one of the main aspects of Stuckism movement is that "the Stuckist allows him/herself uncensored expression", but The Tehran Stuckists' exhibitions in Iran are censored and they are not allowed to exhibit some of their artworks in Iranian galleries. The group has also participated in Stuckist exhibitions in Britain, Lithuania and Spain.

Other Asian Stuckists are Shelley Li (China), Smeetha Boumik (India), Joko Apridinoto (Indonesia), Elio Yuri Figini (Japan) and Fady Chamaa (Lebanon).

Europe

Peter Klint. Rotes Kliff, 2008

The Prague Stuckists were founded in 2005 in the Czech Republic by Robert Janás, Other Stuckist artists in Europe include Peter Klint (Germany), Michael Dickinson (Turkey), Odysseus Yakoumakis (Greece), Artista Eli (Spain), Kloot Per W (Belgium), Jaroslav Valečka (Czech Republic), Jiří Hauschka (Czech Republic), Markéta Korečková (Czech Republic), Ján Macko (Slovakia) and Pavel Lefterov (Bulgaria).

Oceania

Main article: Stuckism in Australia

In October 2000, Regan Tamanui founded The Melbourne Stuckists in Melbourne, the fourth Stuckist group to be started and the first one outside the UK. On 27 October 2000, he staged the Real Turner Prize Show at the Dead End Gallery in his home, concurrent with three shows with the same title in England (London, Falmouth and Dartington) and one in Germany in protest against the Tate Gallery's Turner Prize. Other Australian Stuckists include Godfrey Blow, who exhibited in The Stuckists Punk Victorian. In 2005 Mike Mayhew also founded The Christchurch Stuckists in New Zealand.

Ex-Stuckists

Co-founder Billy Childish left the group in 2001, but has stated that he remains committed to its principles. Sexton Ming left to concentrate on a solo career with the Aquarium Gallery. Wolf Howard left in 2006, but has exhibited with the group since. Jesse Richards who ran the Stuckism Centre USA in New Haven, left the group in 2006 to focus on Remodernist film.

Stella Vine (right) with Charlotte Gavin (left) and Joe Machine at the Vote Stuckist show in 2001, where her work was first shown publicly.

In June 2000, Stella Vine went to a talk given by Childish and Thomson on Stuckism and Remodernism in London. At the end of May 2001, she exhibited some of her paintings publicly for the first time in the Vote Stuckist show in Brixton, and formed The Westminster Stuckists group. On 4 June, she took part in a Stuckist demonstration in Trafalgar Square. By 10 July, she had renamed her group The Unstuckists. In mid-August, Thomson and Vine married. A work by her was shown in the Stuckist show in Paris, which ended in mid-November, by which time she had rejected the Stuckists, and the marriage had ended.

In February 2004, Charles Saatchi bought a painting of Diana, Princess of Wales, by Vine and was credited with "discovering" her. Thomson said it was the Stuckists and not Saatchi who had discovered her. At the end of March 2004, Thomson made a formal complaint about Saatchi to the Office of Fair Trading, claiming that Saatchi's leading position was monopolistic "to the detriment of smaller competitors", citing Vine as an example of this. On 15 April, the OFT closed the file on the case on the basis that Saatchi was not "in a dominant position in any relevant market."

Responses and critique

A short time after the 1999 exhibition of My Bed and the Stuckists' response with Sir Nicholas Serota Makes an Acquisitions Decision, a pair of performance artists named Yuan Cai and Jian Jun Xi performed an art intervention titled Two Naked Men Jump into Tracey's Bed at the Tate Gallery's Turner Prize. Cai had written, among other things, the words "Anti Stuckism" on his bare back as the two jumped on the bed and performed a pillow fight. Fiachra Gibbons of The Guardian wrote (in 1999) that the event "will go down in art history as the defining moment of the new and previously unheard of Anti-Stuckist Movement." Writing in The Guardian ten years later, Jonathan Jones described the Stuckists as "enemies of art", and what they say as "cheap slogans" and "hysterical rants".

The artist Max Podstolski wrote that the art world needed a new manifesto, as confrontational as that of Futurism or Dadaism, "written with a heart-felt passion capable of inspiring and rallying art world outsiders, dissenters, rebels, the neglected and disaffected", and suggests that "Well now we've got it, in the form of Stuckism".

New York art gallery owner Edward Winkleman wrote in 2006 that he had never heard of the Stuckists, so he "looked them up on Misplaced Pages", and stated he was "turned off by their anti-conceptual stance, not to mention the inanity of their statement about painting, but I'm more than a bit interested in the democratization their movement represents." Thomson responded to Winkleman directly.

Also in 2006, Colin Gleadell, writing in The Telegraph, noted that the Stuckists' first exhibition in central London had brought "multiple sales" for leading artists of the movement, and that this raised the question of how good they were at painting. He observed that "Whatever the critics may say, buyers from the UK, the US and Japan have already taken a punt. Six of Thomson's paintings have sold for between £4,000 and £5,000 each. Joe Machine, a former prisoner who paints for therapeutic reasons, has also sold six paintings for the same price."

Paul Vallely defended Sir Nicholas Serota from Stuckist campaigns, criticizing the movement's anti-conceptualism for its association with "forces of social reaction" such as the Daily Mail and upholding Serota as the "greatest single champion of modern art in Britain". Vallely stated that while "I did smile" at Acquisitions Decision, he equally admired Serota's "cool response to the Stuckist détournement", visiting the Punk Victorian show and conversing with members before rejecting an offered donation of their work as not of "sufficient quality in terms of accomplishment, innovation or originality of thought to warrant preservation in perpetuity in the national collection"

The BBC arts correspondent Lawrence Pollard wrote in 2009 that the way was paved for "cultural agitators" like the Stuckists, as well as the Vorticists, Surrealists and others, by the Futurist Manifesto of 20 February 1909.

Gallery

Some UK Stuckist artists' work:

  • Philip Absolon. Breakdown (uploaded 2008, date of creation not known) Philip Absolon. Breakdown (uploaded 2008, date of creation not known)
  • John Bourne. Epsom Kitchen (uploaded 2008) John Bourne. Epsom Kitchen (uploaded 2008)
  • Mark D. Victoria Beckham: America Doesn't Love Me (uploaded 2008) Mark D. Victoria Beckham: America Doesn't Love Me (uploaded 2008)
  • Elsa Dax. Bacchus (uploaded 2008) Elsa Dax. Bacchus (uploaded 2008)
  • Eamon Everall. The Marriage (uploaded 2008) Eamon Everall. The Marriage (uploaded 2008)
  • Ella Guru. Goodbye Columbus, (uploaded 2008) Ella Guru. Goodbye Columbus, (uploaded 2008)
  • Paul Harvey. Ford Anglia with Tent and Giotto Tree (uploaded 2008) Paul Harvey. Ford Anglia with Tent and Giotto Tree (uploaded 2008)
  • Jane Kelly. If We Could Undo Psychosis 1 (uploaded 2008) Jane Kelly. If We Could Undo Psychosis 1 (uploaded 2008)
  • Bill Lewis. The Laughter of Small White Dogs (uploaded 2008) Bill Lewis. The Laughter of Small White Dogs (uploaded 2008)
  • Joe Machine. Diana Dors with an Axe (uploaded 2008) Joe Machine. Diana Dors with an Axe (uploaded 2008)
  • Peter McArdle. Artist and Model (uploaded 2008) Peter McArdle. Artist and Model (uploaded 2008)
  • Charles Thomson. A Single Woman in London Is Never more than Six Inches from the Nearest Rat (uploaded 2008) Charles Thomson. A Single Woman in London Is Never more than Six Inches from the Nearest Rat (uploaded 2008)

See also

References

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Further reading

External links

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