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{{Short description|Garden in New York City's Central Park}} |
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The '''Conservatory Garden''' is the only ] in ], ], and located approximately between 104th and 106th street, by Fifth Avenue. Comprising {{convert|6|acre|m2}}, it takes its name from a ] that stood on the site from 1898 to 1934.<ref group=note>Many specific facts in this article are drawn from Rosenzweig, Roy, and Elizabeth Blackmar. ''The Park and the People: A History of Central Park.'' Ithaca, NY: ], 1992, and from the .</ref> The park's head gardener used the glasshouses to harden hardwood cuttings for the park's plantings. After the conservatory was torn down, the garden was designed by ], landscape architect for ], with planting plans by M. Betty Sprout;<ref>M. Betty Sprout, ], (1906-1962), an accomplished landscape architect in her own right, was also Mrs Gilmore D. Clarke (, a ] low-density housing development of 1941-43, by Leonard Schultze and Associates, architects, with a site plan developed by Gilmore Clarke, with planting plans by M. Betty Sprout.</ref> constructed and planted by ] workers, it was opened to the public in 1937. |
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{{Central Park map|lat=40.797|long=-73.957|zoom=14}} |
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The '''Conservatory Garden''' is a ] near the northeastern corner of ] in ], New York City. Comprising {{convert|6|acre|m2}}, it is the only formal garden in Central Park. Conservatory Garden takes its name from a ] that stood on the site from 1898 to 1935. It is located just west of ], opposite 104th to 106th Streets.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conservatory Garden |url=https://www.centralparknyc.org/locations/conservatory-garden |access-date=2024-02-05 |website=Central Park Conservancy |language=en}}</ref> |
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== History == |
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The park's first head gardener, ], stored plants at the site of Conservatory Garden during the construction of Central Park.<ref name="Kinkead">{{cite book|title=Central Park, 1857–1995: The Birth, Decline, and Renewal of a National Treasure|last=Kinkead|first=Eugene|publisher=Norton|year=1990|isbn=0-393-02531-4|location=New York|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/centralpark1857100kink}}</ref>{{rp|55–56}} At the time, park architects ] and ] wanted to landscape most of the northeast corner of Central Park as part of an ], including the site of the current Conservatory Garden and ]. However, this proposal was not implemented because of a lack of funds.<ref name="Miller 2003">{{cite book|title=Central Park : an American masterpiece|last=Miller|first=Sara|publisher=Harry N. Abrams Publishers in association with the Central Park Conservancy|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8109-3946-2|publication-place=New York|oclc=50773395|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/centralparkameri0000mill}}</ref>{{Rp|146}} Additionally, a formal conservatory had been planned for ], further south in Central Park, but was never built.<ref name="Miller 2003" />{{Rp|144}} |
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A greenhouse on the site of Conservatory Garden was erected in 1898, and it contained exhibitions of plants and flower beds.<ref name="Miller 2003" />{{Rp|146}} Later, the glasshouses at the site were used to harden hardwood cuttings for the park's plantings. |
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In 1935, ] commissioner ] destroyed the greenhouse which he believed to be obsolete.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1934/11/08/archives/city-to-demolish-park-greenhouses-22-structures-in-central-park.html|title=CITY TO DEMOLISH PARK GREENHOUSES; 22 Structures in Central Park Found to Be Deteriorating and Will Be Razed.|date=1934-11-08|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-04-09|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Moses engaged landscape architect ], to prepare designs for a new garden, including planting plans prepared by his wife, M. Betty Sprout.<ref>M. Betty Sprout, ], (1906–1962), an accomplished landscape architect in her own right, was also Mrs Gilmore D. Clarke (, a ] low-density housing development of 1941–43, by Leonard Schultze and Associates, architects, with a site plan developed by Gilmore Clarke, with planting plans by M. Betty Sprout.</ref> ] workers built and planted the garden, which opened to the public in 1937.<ref name="Miller 2003" />{{Rp|146}} |
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By the 1970s, the garden had become a wasteland. In the late 1980s, it was restored and partially replanted under the direction of horticulturist and urban landscape designer ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://grist.org/article/2010-11-12-garden-designer-lynden-miller-says-a-healthy-city-needs-beautifu|title=Garden designer Lynden Miller says a healthy city needs beautiful parks|publisher=Grist|date=November 13, 2010|access-date=January 18, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204518504574416761822659336|title=She Creates Urban Edens|last=Kaufman|first=Joanne|date=2009-10-20|work=Wall Street Journal|access-date=2020-01-16|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> and reopened in June 1987.<ref name="Kinkead" />{{Rp|144–145}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/11/nyregion/garden-in-central-park-is-reborn-after-neglect.html|title=Garden in Central Park Is Reborn After Neglect|last=Lyall|first=Sarah|date=June 11, 1987|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 18, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The overgrown, top-heavy ] were freed of watershoots and pruned up to a higher scaffold for better form. The high-style mixed planting was the first to bring estate garden style to urban parks, part of the general renewal of Central Park under ] of the ].<ref name=":0" /> |
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The Conservatory Garden underwent another renovation in the 2020s at a cost of $17 million.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Levere|first=Jane L.|date=2023-10-26|title=A Central Park Garden, Renewed|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/10/26/nyregion/central-park-conservatory-garden-trees.html|access-date=2023-10-27|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> After work on the South Garden was completed in early 2023, the Central Park Conservancy renovated the North Garden and Italianate Center Garden.<ref name="Central Park Conservancy 2020 u346">{{cite web | title=Restoration of the Conservatory Garden | website=Central Park Conservancy | date=May 22, 2020 | url=https://www.centralparknyc.org/restoration/conservatory-garden | access-date=October 27, 2023}}</ref> {{as of|2023}}, the project is planned to be complete by early 2025.<ref name="Central Park Conservancy 2020 u346"/> |
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== Sections == |
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== Sections == |
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The Garden is composed of three distinct parts, skillfully restored since the 1980s, and is accessible through the Vanderbilt Gate at ] and 105th Street, a quarter mile (400 m) south of the park's northeast corner. The Vanderbilt Gate (''illustrated right'') once gave access to the forecourt of ]'s chateau designed by ], the grandest of the Fifth Avenue mansions of the ], at 58th Street and Fifth Avenue, sharing the Plaza with the ]. The wrought iron gates with cast iron and repoussé details, were designed by Post and executed in an iron foundry in Paris.<ref name="centralpark.com"/> |
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The garden is composed of three distinct parts, skillfully restored since the 1980s.<ref name="Miller 2003" />{{Rp|146}} It is accessible through the Vanderbilt Gate at ] and 105th Street, a quarter mile (400 m) south of the park's northeast corner, as well as other points within the park.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conservatory Garden |url=https://www.centralparknyc.org/locations/conservatory-garden |access-date=2024-02-05 |website=Central Park Conservancy |language=en}}</ref> The Vanderbilt Gate once gave access to the forecourt of ], the grandest of the Fifth Avenue mansions of the ], at 58th Street and Fifth Avenue, sharing the Plaza with the ]. The wrought iron gates with cast iron and repoussé details, were designed by Post and executed in an iron foundry in Paris.<ref name="centralpark.com"/> |
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Below the steps flanked by Cornelian cherry ('']''), the central section of the Conservatory Garden is a symmetrical lawn outlined in clipped ],<ref group=note>Designated "French" or "Italian" equally by journalists; in autumn 2006 the yews were replanted with more naturally spreading ] cultivars that will make low formal shaping easier to maintain.</ref> with a single central fountain jet at the rear. It is flanked by twin ]s of ]s and backed by a curved ] ] against the steep natural slope, that is dominated at its skyline by a giant ]. Otherwise there is no flower color: instead, on any fine Saturday afternoon in June, it is the scene of photography sessions for colorful wedding parties, for which limousines pull up in rows on Fifth Avenue.<ref> |
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Below the steps flanked by Cornelian cherry ('']''), the central section of the Conservatory Garden is a symmetrical lawn outlined in clipped ],<ref group=note>Designated "French" or "Italian" equally by journalists; in autumn 2006 the yews were replanted with more naturally spreading ] cultivars that will make low formal shaping easier to maintain.</ref> with a single central fountain jet at the rear. It is flanked by twin ]s of crabapples and backed by a curved ] ] against the steep natural slope, that is dominated at its skyline by a giant ]. Otherwise there is no flower color: instead, on any fine Saturday afternoon in June, it is the scene of photography sessions for colorful wedding parties, for which limousines pull up in rows on Fifth Avenue.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theinsider.com/nyc/hidden/007garde.htm |title=New York Insider |access-date=2007-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224190929/http://www.theinsider.com/nyc/hidden/007garde.htm |archive-date=2007-02-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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To the left on the south side, is the garden of mixed herbaceous borders in wide concentric bands around '']'' ] pool, dedicated in 1936 to the memory of ], with sculpture by ].<ref name="centralpark.com"> |
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To the left on the south side, is the garden of mixed herbaceous borders in wide concentric bands around '']'' ] pool, dedicated in 1936 to the memory of ], with sculpture by ].<ref name="centralpark.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.centralpark.com/pages/attractions/conservatory-garden.html |title=CentralPark.com Conservatory Garden |access-date=2008-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417175710/http://www.centralpark.com/pages/attractions/conservatory-garden.html |archive-date=2008-04-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Some large shrubs, like ], ]s, ]s and '']'' provide vertical structure and offer light shade to offset the sunny locations, planted by Lynden Miller with a wide range of hardy perennials and decorative grasses, intermixed with annuals planted to seem naturalized. This garden has seasonal features to draw visitors from April through October. |
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]/Three Dancing Maidens'' by Walter Schott]] |
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] with '']'' by Walter Schott]] |
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To the right of the central formal plat is a garden also in concentric circles, round the ], which was donated by the family of ] in 1947. The bronze figures, ''Three Dancing Maidens'' by ] (1861-1938), were executed in Germany about 1910 <ref></ref> and formed a fountain at Untermyer's estate "Greystone" in ], New York. |
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To the right of the central formal plat is a garden also in concentric circles, round the ], which was donated by the family of ] in 1947. The bronze figures, '']'' by ] (1861–1938), were executed in Germany about 1910 <ref>{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and formed a fountain at Untermyer's estate "Greystone" in ], New York. |
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This section of the Conservatory Garden has two dramatic seasons of massed display, of ]s in the spring and Korean ]s in the fall. Beds of ] clipped in ] with contrasting bronze-leaved bedding ]s surround the fountain, and four rose arbor gates are planted with reblooming 'Silver Moon' and 'Betty Prior' ]s. |
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This section of the Conservatory Garden has two dramatic seasons of massed display, of ]s in the spring and Korean ]s in the fall. Beds of ] clipped in ] with contrasting bronze-leaved bedding ]s surround the fountain, and four rose arbor gates are planted with reblooming 'Silver Moon' and 'Betty Prior' ]s. |
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==Restoration== |
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After the Second World War the garden had become neglected, and by the 1970s a wasteland. It was restored and partially replanted under the direction of horticulturist and urban landscape designer Lynden Miller, to reopen in June 1987. The overgrown, top-heavy crabapples were freed of watershoots and pruned up to a higher scaffold for better form. The high-style mixed planting was the first to bring estate garden style to urban parks, part of the general renewal of Central Park under ] of the ]. |
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==Notes== |
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==Notes== |
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{{reflist| group=note}} |
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{{reflist|group=note}} |
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==References== |
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==References== |
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{{reflist|30em}} |
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{{reflist|30em}} |
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* {{cite Central Park history}} |
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==External links== |
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==External links== |
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*'s complete guide to all 28 flowers of the Central Park Conservatory Garden |
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*'s complete guide to all 28 flowers of the Central Park Conservatory Garden |
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*, at the official site of Central Park |
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* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326000647/http://www.centralparknyc.org/about/about-cpc/ |date=2014-03-26 }}, at the official site of Central Park |
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* 11 June 1987 |
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* 11 June 1987 |
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{{Central Park}} |
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{{Central Park}} |
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{{Protected areas of New York City}} |
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{{Protected areas of New York City}} |
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{{Fifth Avenue}} |
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{{coord|40.7938|-73.9523|type:landmark_region:US-NY|display=title}} |
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{{coord|40.7938|-73.9523|type:landmark_region:US-NY|display=title}} |
A greenhouse on the site of Conservatory Garden was erected in 1898, and it contained exhibitions of plants and flower beds. Later, the glasshouses at the site were used to harden hardwood cuttings for the park's plantings.
By the 1970s, the garden had become a wasteland. In the late 1980s, it was restored and partially replanted under the direction of horticulturist and urban landscape designer Lynden Miller and reopened in June 1987. The overgrown, top-heavy crabapples were freed of watershoots and pruned up to a higher scaffold for better form. The high-style mixed planting was the first to bring estate garden style to urban parks, part of the general renewal of Central Park under Elizabeth Barlow Rogers of the Central Park Conservancy.
The Conservatory Garden underwent another renovation in the 2020s at a cost of $17 million. After work on the South Garden was completed in early 2023, the Central Park Conservancy renovated the North Garden and Italianate Center Garden. As of 2023, the project is planned to be complete by early 2025.
The garden is composed of three distinct parts, skillfully restored since the 1980s. It is accessible through the Vanderbilt Gate at Fifth Avenue and 105th Street, a quarter mile (400 m) south of the park's northeast corner, as well as other points within the park. The Vanderbilt Gate once gave access to the forecourt of Cornelius Vanderbilt II House, the grandest of the Fifth Avenue mansions of the Gilded Age, at 58th Street and Fifth Avenue, sharing the Plaza with the Plaza Hotel. The wrought iron gates with cast iron and repoussé details, were designed by Post and executed in an iron foundry in Paris.
To the left on the south side, is the garden of mixed herbaceous borders in wide concentric bands around The Secret Garden water lily pool, dedicated in 1936 to the memory of Frances Hodgson Burnett, with sculpture by Bessie Potter Vonnoh. Some large shrubs, like tree lilac, magnolias, buddleias and Cornus alba 'elegantissima' provide vertical structure and offer light shade to offset the sunny locations, planted by Lynden Miller with a wide range of hardy perennials and decorative grasses, intermixed with annuals planted to seem naturalized. This garden has seasonal features to draw visitors from April through October.
To the right of the central formal plat is a garden also in concentric circles, round the Untermyer Fountain, which was donated by the family of Samuel Untermyer in 1947. The bronze figures, Three Dancing Maidens by Walter Schott (1861–1938), were executed in Germany about 1910 and formed a fountain at Untermyer's estate "Greystone" in Yonkers, New York.
This section of the Conservatory Garden has two dramatic seasons of massed display, of tulips in the spring and Korean chrysanthemums in the fall. Beds of santolina clipped in knotted designs with contrasting bronze-leaved bedding begonias surround the fountain, and four rose arbor gates are planted with reblooming 'Silver Moon' and 'Betty Prior' roses.
