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{{short description|American chess player}} {{short description|American chess player}}
{{Other people|Samuel Sloan}} {{Other people|Samuel Sloan}}
{{multiple issues|{{primary sources|date=April 2019}} {{More footnotes needed|date=December 2020}}
{{self-published|date=April 2019}}
{{unreliable sources|date=April 2019}}
{{Like resume|date=February 2020}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2020}}}}
{{Infobox person {{Infobox person
| name = Samuel Sloan | name = Samuel Sloan
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| nationality = American | nationality = American
| occupation = Publisher | occupation = Publisher
| known_for = Chess | party =
| party = ] | spouse =
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Anda Baumanis|1978|1979|end=divorce}}
* {{marriage|Honzagool|1980}}
* {{marriage|Kayo Kimura|2002|end=divorce}}
}}
| children = {{plainlist|
* Peter Julius (b. 1978)
* Mary Rachel (b. 1979)
* Shamema Honzagool (b. 1981)
* Michael Rankoth (b. 1988)
* George Rankoth (b. 1990)
* Anusha Rankoth (b. 1991)
* Jessica Vithanage (1988 – 2010)
* Sandra Kimura (b. 2001)
}}
| mother = Dr. Marjorie Jacobson Sloan
| father = Leroy Bayfield Sloan
| website = http://samsloan.com/ | website = http://samsloan.com/
}} }}


'''Samuel Howard Sloan''' (born September 7, 1944) is an American ], ] and ] based in New York City. In 2006, Sloan served on the executive board of the ]. Also in 2006, he was elected director of media relations for the ] County Committee. '''Samuel Howard Sloan''' (born September 7, 1944) is an American ] and former ]. In 1978, he was the last non-lawyer to argue a case '']'' before the ] before the court prohibited non-lawyers from arguing cases before them in 2013.<ref name="Yahoo"/><ref name="Hallman"/>


In 2006, Sloan served on the executive board of the ]. He has run unsuccessfully or attempted to run for several political offices, including ]. '']'' described him as a "peculiar man" and a "pathological genius" with a "colorful biography".<ref name="Hallman"/>
In 1970, Sloan established a registered broker-dealer that traded over-the-counter stocks and bonds. He lacked formal legal training but argued a case before the ] after litigating against the ] over policies regarding the trading of penny stocks.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} The Court ruled in his favor, 9–0.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} Sloan is the last non-lawyer to argue before the court.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} He has run unsuccessfully or attempted to run for several other city, state and national political offices, including ].


==Early life and education== ==Early life and education==
Sloan was born in ] and graduated high school in 1962.<ref name="Hallman"/><ref name="Ackman"/> He studied at ], where he became president of the ] branch before ].<ref>{{cite news |first=Michelle |last=Pitcher |url=http://www.dailycal.org/2015/02/13/brief-history-sexual-liberation-orgies-uc-berkeley/ |title=A brief history of sexual liberation, orgies at UC Berkeley |newspaper=] |date=February 13, 2015 |accessdate=June 20, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Hallman"/>
Sloan was born in ], in 1944 to attorney Leroy Bayfield Sloan, a ] in the ] Division of the ], and ] Marjorie Jacobson Sloan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anusha.com/dr-marj.htm |title=Dr. Marjorie Jacobson Sloan, June 27, 1937 – May 16, 2002 |publisher=anusha.com |accessdate=June 1, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anusha.com/leroy.htm |title=Leroy Bayfield Sloan, May 2, 1910 – January 19, 1986 |publisher=anusha.com |accessdate=June 1, 2010 }}</ref> His family later moved to ], where he graduated from ]. Sloan studied chess from an early age.<ref>{{cite web |first=Sam |last=Sloan |url=http://www.anusha.com/1sloan-2.htm |title=Qualification of Sam Sloan for USCF President |publisher=anusha.com |date=June 22, 1996 |accessdate=August 8, 2016 }}</ref>

Sloan left Lynchburg in 1962 to study at ]; he majored first in ], then ], but left Berkeley in 1967 and did not graduate. At Berkeley he became one of the leaders of the antiwar movement and promoted a branch of the ]. He held more than 40 sexually liberal parties in Berkeley.<ref>{{cite news |first=Michelle |last=Pitcher |url=http://www.dailycal.org/2015/02/13/brief-history-sexual-liberation-orgies-uc-berkeley/ |title=A brief history of sexual liberation, orgies at UC Berkeley |newspaper=The Daily Californian |date=February 13, 2015 |accessdate=June 20, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://berkeleyplaques.org/e-plaque/sexual-freedom-league/ |title=Berkeley Historical Plaque Project - Sexual Freedom League |accessdate=August 1, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Sam |last=Sloan |url=http://www.anusha.com/lived.htm |title=Places where Sam Sloan has lived |accessdate=August 1, 2016 }}</ref>


==Career== ==Career==
Sloan traveled to Afghanistan in 1977 and again in 1978. On his second trip, he was arrested just days after the ] and charged with being a spy. He escaped from jail in ] and fled on foot and by bus to the U.S. embassy in ] before leaving the country. He traveled to Pakistan where he met and married two wives in ], Pakistan. In 1981 using the name Mohammad Ismail Sloan, he wrote a lexicon of ], a language spoken in Chitral.<ref name="Duffy"/><ref name="Ackman"/> He spent four years in the ] writing a chess column while he was running a computer store.<ref name="Hallman"/>
⚫ After leaving Berkeley, Sloan worked for two years in the ] department at the ] ] firm ] In 1970, he established Samuel H. Sloan & Company, a registered ] primarily trading over-the-counter stocks and bonds. The ] (SEC) brought civil actions against Sloan & Co. in 1971–75 alleging he had failed to maintain adequate books and records. In 1975, the SEC revoked Sloan's broker-dealer registration. After years of litigation, Sloan prevailed in 1978 at the U.S. Supreme Court. Sloan argued the case ''SEC v. Samuel H. Sloan 436 U.S. 103'' (1978) '']''. <ref></ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Hallman|first=J. C.|date=2020-06-11|title=When Mr. Sloan Went to Washington|work=The New Republic|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/158088/mr-sloan-went-washington|access-date=2020-09-11|issn=0028-6583}}</ref> The opposing attorney was ], who was chairman of the SEC from 2001 to 2003. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that the "tacking" of 10-day summary suspension orders for an indefinite period was an abuse of the SEC's authority and a deprivation of due process. Sloan is the last non-lawyer to argue before the court, which prohibited that practice in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://laws.findlaw.com/US/436/103.html |title=SEC v. Samuel H. Sloan 436 U.S. 103 (1978) |accessdate=June 1, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.americanlawyer.com/id=900005532593/Building-a-Better-Advocate |title=Building a Better Advocate |first=Tony |last=Mauro |work=The American Lawyer |date=October 11, 2002 |accessdate=June 1, 2007 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820172253/http://www.americanlawyer.com/id=900005532593/Building-a-Better-Advocate |archivedate=August 20, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://dackman.homestead.com/SamSloanSun.htm|title=The Man in the Yellow Cab: Sam Sloan |first=Dan |last=Ackman |authorlink=Dan Ackman |publisher=] | date=June 30, 2004 |accessdate=June 30, 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203072729/http://dackman.homestead.com/SamSloanSun.htm |archivedate=February 3, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Jessica |last=Gresko |url=https://news.yahoo.com/only-lawyers-now-argue-supreme-court-083024863.html |title=Only lawyers now can argue before Supreme Court |date=July 1, 2013 |work=Yahoo News |accessdate=June 20, 2016}}</ref>


Since 1994, Sloan has operated ]. Starting in 1997, he worked as a ] in New York City.<ref name="Ackman"/><ref name ="Duffy"/>
In 1981, Sloan wrote a lexicon of ], a language spoken in ], Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anusha.com/khow-dic.htm |title=Khowar English Dictionary |publisher=Anusha.com |accessdate=August 22, 2010}}</ref> He had a minor role in the 1984 '']'', which was later adapted as a video game, '']''.<ref>{{cite av media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YzMNHdZMQls%7cSam |title=Mahjong Hourouki |accessdate=May 20, 2016 }}</ref> Since 1994, Sloan has operated ].


===Supreme Court case===
Sloan is a chess journalist{{citation needed|date=November 2010}} and author. He claims to have traveled to 78 countries, primarily for chess tournaments. During an April 29, 2006, speech at a Libertarian Party of New York convention Sloan claimed to have "won the World Championship of ] in Beijing, China, in 1988". He is rated an FM (Federation Master) by the World ] Association<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.xiangqibowl.net/wxc/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=77&Itemid=94 |title=Sam Sloan Xiangqi Game listing, XiangQi Masters Database, World Xiangqi Federation |accessdate=June 1, 2014 }}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and has competed in tournaments in ] and ] chess.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
Starting in 1968, Sloan worked for two years in the ] department at the ] investment banking firm ] In 1970, he established Samuel H. Sloan & Company, a registered broker-dealer primarily trading over-the-counter stocks and bonds.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}


⚫ The ] (SEC) brought civil actions against Sloan & Co. starting in 1971, alleging he had failed to maintain adequate books and records. In 1975, the SEC revoked his broker-dealer registration. After years of litigation, he prevailed in a case against the SEC at the U.S. Supreme Court in 1978, arguing his case '']''. He submitted a 175-page ] that ''the New Republic'' described as a "singularly absurd and complicated document" with "far too many obfuscations and legal shenanigans".<ref name="Hallman"/> The opposing attorney was ], who was later the chairman of the SEC from 2001 to 2003. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that the "tacking" of 10-day summary suspension orders for an indefinite period was an abuse of the SEC's authority and a deprivation of due process. Sloan is the last non-lawyer to argue before the court, which prohibited that practice in 2013.<ref name="SEC">{{cite web |url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/436/103/ |title=SEC v. Sloan, 436 U.S. 103 (1978) |year=1978 |work=justia.com |accessdate=2020-11-28 }}</ref><ref name="Hallman">{{Cite news|last=Hallman|first=J. C.|date=2020-06-11|title=When Mr. Sloan Went to Washington|work=] |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/158088/mr-sloan-went-washington|access-date=2020-09-11|issn=0028-6583}} See also archive .</ref><ref name="SEC2">{{cite web |url=http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/436/103.html |title=SEC v. Samuel H. Sloan 436 U.S. 103 (1978) |accessdate=June 1, 2010 | work=findlaw.com }}</ref><ref name="Mauro">{{cite web |url=http://www.americanlawyer.com/id=900005532593/Building-a-Better-Advocate |title=Building a Better Advocate |first=Tony |last=Mauro |work=The American Lawyer |date=October 11, 2002 |accessdate=June 1, 2007 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820172253/http://www.americanlawyer.com/id=900005532593/Building-a-Better-Advocate |archivedate=August 20, 2016 |df=mdy-all }} see also at Anusha.com</ref><ref name="Ackman">{{cite web |url=http://dackman.homestead.com/SamSloanSun.htm|title=The Man in the Yellow Cab: Sam Sloan |first=Dan |last=Ackman |author-link=Dan Ackman |publisher=] | date=June 30, 2004 |accessdate=June 30, 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203072729/http://dackman.homestead.com/SamSloanSun.htm |archivedate=February 3, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Yahoo">{{cite news |first=Jessica |last=Gresko |url=https://news.yahoo.com/only-lawyers-now-argue-supreme-court-083024863.html |title=Only lawyers now can argue before Supreme Court |date=July 1, 2013 |work=] |accessdate=June 20, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Duffy">{{cite news|url=http://www.anusha.com/duffy.htm |title=Brownsville Picaresque |first=Peter |last=Duffy |work=] |date=December 1–7, 1999 |volume=12 |number=48 |accessdate=2020-11-28}} archive at anusha.com</ref>
===Election to USCF Board===
⚫ In July 2006, Sloan was elected to the Executive Board of the ] (USCF). He advocated a major expansion of ], arguing that the USCF should establish a program to certify school chess teachers. He criticized the USCF's recent move from ] to ]. As second-place finisher (out of five) in the special election, Sloan was elected to a one-year term on the board (the first-place finisher received a three-year term). Sloan's term of service began in August 2006. In 2007, Sloan ran for reelection to the board, but was unsuccessful, finishing ninth out of 10 candidates. On October 2, 2007, Sloan filed suit in the ] seeking to overturn the results of the 2007 USCF election and alleging a rival candidate had made more than 2,000 obscene "Fake Sam Sloan" newsgroup postings before the election.<ref>{{cite web |first=Dylan |last=Loeb McClain |url=http://gambit.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/03/29/drive-to-recall-member-of-chess-federations-board-is-under-way/ |title=Drive to Recall Member of Chess Federation's Board Is Under Way |date=March 23, 2008 |accessdate=June 1, 2008 }}</ref> On August 28, 2008, US District Judge Denny Chin dismissed the suit ] pursuant to ] 12(b)(1), 12(b)(2) and 12(b)(6).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp/Rule12.htm |title=Federal Rules of Civil Procedure: Rule 12 |publisher=Law.cornell.edu |accessdate=February 1, 2012}}</ref> The ] affirmed the dismissal but modified it, saying that it was "without prejudice" as the case had not gone to a hearing.


===Chess===
===USENET postings incident===
] in ]]]
On April 3, 2008, posts appeared on ], apparently by Sloan, claiming that some of his websites had been closed down by law enforcement in ], apparently because Sloan ] of parties involved in his long-running but ] child custody dispute involving his daughter. The USENET postings mention county investigator Christopher Smith. During that same time, Smith was conducting a broad campaign against Internet crime in the state.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legalspring.com/articles/misc-legal/20080403/568227_Amherst-County-Sheri.html |title=Amherst County Sheriff shuts down Sam Sloan's websites |date=April 3, 2008 |accessdate=June 1, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713195419/http://www.legalspring.com/articles/misc-legal/20080403/568227_Amherst-County-Sheri.html |archivedate=July 13, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://law.justia.com/codes/virginia/2006/toc1802000/18.2-186.4.html |title=§ 2006 Code of Virginia § 18.2-186.4 - Use of a person\'s identity with the intent to coerce, intimidate, or harass; penalty |publisher=justia.com |accessdate=February 1, 2012}}</ref>
Sloan studied chess from the age of 7 years old.<ref name="Hallman"/> In 1959, he was the youngest competitor in the National Capital Open Chess Tournament in ]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.anusha.com/lisa-sam.htm |title=Lone Woman, 54 Men Vie in Chess |work=The Evening Post |date=June 15, 1959 |accessdate=2020-11-29 |first=Carl |last=Irving }} archive at Anusha.com</ref> ]'s database reports that he has played in 152 chess tournaments since 1991 and that his highest FIDE rating was 2107 in 1997.<ref name=uschess>{{cite web |url=http://www.uschess.org/msa/MbrDtlTnmtHst.php?11115292 |title=US Chess MSA - Member Details (Tournament History): Sam Sloan |work=] |accessdate=2020-11-30 }}</ref> He first met ] in 1956 at the Eastern Open Chess Tournament,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.anusha.com/post1956.htm |title=Eastern States Chess Tournament |date=November 24, 1956 |publisher=] |accessdate=2020-11-29 }} archive at anusha.com</ref> attended a series of lectures by him at the ], where they developed a friendship.<ref name="Hallman"/>


⚫ In July 2006, Sloan was elected to the Executive Board of the ] (USCF). He advocated a major expansion of ], arguing that the USCF should establish a program to certify school chess teachers. As second-place finisher (out of five) in the special election, he was elected to a one-year term on the board (the first-place finisher received a three-year term). His term of service began in August 2006. In 2007, he ran for reelection to the board, but was unsuccessful, finishing ninth out of 10 candidates. On October 2, 2007, he filed suit in the ] seeking to overturn the results of the 2007 USCF election and alleging a rival candidate had made more than 2,000 obscene "Fake Sam Sloan" newsgroup postings before the election.<ref name="mcclain3">{{cite news |first=Dylan Loeb |last=McClain |url=http://gambit.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/03/29/drive-to-recall-member-of-chess-federations-board-is-under-way/ |title=Drive to Recall Member of Chess Federation's Board Is Under Way |date=March 23, 2008 |accessdate=June 1, 2008 |work=gambit.blogs.nytimes.com }}</ref> On August 28, 2008, US District Judge Denny Chin dismissed the suit ]. The ] affirmed the dismissal but modified it to "without prejudice" as the case had not gone to a hearing.<ref name="mcclain1"/><ref name="mcclain2">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/24/us/24dispute.html |title=Settlement in Dispute That Riveted the Chess World |work=] |first=Dylan Loeb |last=McClain |date=January 23, 2010 |accessdate=2020-11-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Bill |last=Goichberg |year=2007 |url=http://www.checkmate.us/Sloan.htm |title=Sam Sloan |work=checkmate.us |accessdate=2020-11-28 }}</ref>
===Mentions in 2011 media===
In a 2011 book about ], ] wrote "Aided by an ], was the last non-lawyer to argue a case before the United States Supreme Court—a case he won. Bobby trusted him."{{sfn |Brady |2011 |page=173}}


⚫ ===Xiangqi===
Three dialogues with Sloan appear in the 2011 documentary '']''.
He authored a book titled ''Chinese Chess for Beginners'' in 1989, and he competed in the World Championship of ] in 2011 and 2013 and 2015 and 2017, held in ]; ], ]; ]; and ], respectively. Under his Muslim name, Ismail, he is rated an FM (Foreign Master) by the World Xiangqi Federation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wxf.ca/xq/xqdb/jgamelist_gen.php?id=3920&mode=p |title=Xiangqi games of Sam Sloan |work=wxf.ca |accessdate=2020-11-28 }} and . Lists Sloan twice. The entry using "Ismail Sloan" name (the older entry) lists his title as FM. The "Sam Sloan" name entry list title as NT.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.01xq.com/archives/Gamelist.asp?eid=100001574 |title=2013 Xiangqi game list |work=01xq.com |year=2013 |accessdate=2020-11-28 }}</ref>

Sloan tied for the lead in the 3rd round of the 2011 World Championship of ] (the total number of rounds or his final result was not stated).

⚫ Sloan won the 2011 ] in the Senior Division (of two entries) at the ] in ], China.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldmemorychampionship.com/ |title=The Official Website for the World's Greatest Test of Memory Founded in 1991 by Tony Buzan & Raymond Keene OBE The Official website of the World Memory Championships |publisher=Worldmemorychampionship.com |date=October 26, 1991 |accessdate=February 1, 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203220325/http://worldmemorychampionship.com/ |archivedate=February 3, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.world-memory-statistics.com/competition.php?id=wsmc2011 |title=World Senior Memory Championship 2011 |accessdate=June 25, 2016 }}</ref>

⚫ ===Xiangqi championships===
Sloan competed in the ] in 2011 and 2013 and 2015 and 2017, held in ]; ], ]; ]; and ], respectively.


==Political campaigns== ==Political campaigns==
Sloan ran for the Libertarian nomination for governor of ], facing off against attorney ] and former madam ]. By his own admission, he was not popular in the party and did not expect to win.<ref>{{cite news |last=Karlin |first=Rick |date=April 23, 2010 |url=http://blog.timesunion.com/capitol/archives/25367/tomorrow-three-way-libertarian-smack-down-in-albany/ |title=Tomorrow: Three-way Libertarian smack-down in Albany! |work=] |accessdate=April 23, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100426135808/http://blog.timesunion.com/capitol/archives/25367/tomorrow-three-way-libertarian-smack-down-in-albany/ |archivedate=April 26, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> He eventually lost the nomination to Redlich in a two-way battle, 27 votes to 17, after Davis refused to show up at the convention.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}
In an April 30, 2006, email to ]'s ] mailing list, a person claiming to be Sloan announced his intention to seek the ] nomination for ].{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} From 2002 to 2006, Sloan had been active in the ], attempting to influence its policy agenda and candidate nominations.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}

Later in 2006, Sloan was elected director of media relations for the ] County Committee. He lost reelection to that position in 2007. He was a delegate to the ] and the ]. On May 25, 2008, in ], Sloan was nominated to the National Committee of the Libertarian Party and gave a speech to the ].<ref>{{YouTube|XBYdUvz4DPg|Video: Sam Sloan Interviewed on the Harold Channer Show}} June 19, 2008</ref>

Sloan ran for the Libertarian nomination for governor of ], facing off against attorney ] and former madam ]. By his own admission, he was not popular in the party and did not expect to win.<ref>{{cite news |last=Karlin |first=Rick |date=April 23, 2010 |url=http://blog.timesunion.com/capitol/archives/25367/tomorrow-three-way-libertarian-smack-down-in-albany/ |title=Tomorrow: Three-way Libertarian smack-down in Albany! |work=Albany Times Union |accessdate=April 23, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100426135808/http://blog.timesunion.com/capitol/archives/25367/tomorrow-three-way-libertarian-smack-down-in-albany/ |archivedate=April 26, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> He testified that a faction in the party that opposed Redlich's nomination needed another candidate. Sloan eventually lost the nomination to Redlich in a two-way battle, 27 votes to 17, after Davis refused to show up at the convention. Despite his loss, Sloan was the first to submit petitions to the board of elections with the Libertarian Party line, which effectively gave him the nomination; the down-ballot selections on Sloan's petitions are identical to those confirmed by the party committee. But because his petitions lacked the requisite 15,000 signatures, the nomination went to Redlich; it has been speculated that Sloan used the ploy to file a lawsuit against Redlich in his long-running dispute with the party.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wilder |first=Kimberly |date=August 13, 2010 |url=http://wilderside.wordpress.com/2010/08/12/libertarian-sam-sloan-files-for-governor-of-ny/ |title=Libertarian Sam Sloan files for Governor of NY |accessdate=August 15, 2010 }}</ref> Before the November elections, Davis's campaign manager, ], claimed that Sloan fed him information that Stone passed on to a group called "People for a Safer New York", which created a flyer calling Redlich a "sexual predator".<ref>{{cite web |last=Stone |first=Roger |date=November 4, 2010 |url=http://stonezone.com/article.php?id=375 |title=Libertarian Payback |work=StoneZone.com |accessdate=November 4, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718094041/http://stonezone.com/article.php?id=375 |archivedate=July 18, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


In January 2012, Sloan announced his candidacy for the Libertarian Party's ].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com/2012/01/sam-sloan-announces-for-libertarian-party-presidential-nomination/ | title=Sam Sloan Announces For Libertarian Party Presidential Nomination | work=Independent Political Report | date=January 16, 2012 | accessdate=January 26, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://images.nictusa.com/cgi-bin/fecimg/?P20004537 | title=Principal Campaign Committee:Committee to Elect Sam Sloan | publisher=] (FEC) | date=January 2012 | accessdate=January 26, 2012}}</ref> ] won the nomination. In January 2012, Sloan announced his candidacy for the Libertarian Party's ].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com/2012/01/sam-sloan-announces-for-libertarian-party-presidential-nomination/ | title=Sam Sloan Announces For Libertarian Party Presidential Nomination | work=Independent Political Report | date=January 16, 2012 | accessdate=January 26, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://images.nictusa.com/cgi-bin/fecimg/?P20004537 | title=Principal Campaign Committee:Committee to Elect Sam Sloan | publisher=] (FEC) | date=January 2012 | accessdate=January 26, 2012}}</ref> ] won the nomination.


In November 2013, Sloan was on the ballot for the ], as an independent on the War Veterans line; he received 166 votes (0.02%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vote.nyc.ny.us/downloads/pdf/results/2013/2013GeneralElection/00001100000Citywide%20Mayor%20Citywide%20Recap.pdf|title=Statement and Return Report for Certification - General Election - November 5, 2013 |publisher=Board of Elections in the City of New York|accessdate=January 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyccfb.info/public/voter-guide/general_2013/intro_mayor.aspx|title=2013 NYC Voter Guide: Mayor|publisher=}}</ref> In November 2013, Sloan was on the ballot for the ], as an independent on the War Veterans line; he received 166 votes (0.02%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vote.nyc.ny.us/downloads/pdf/results/2013/2013GeneralElection/00001100000Citywide%20Mayor%20Citywide%20Recap.pdf|title=Statement and Return Report for Certification - General Election - November 5, 2013 |publisher=] |accessdate=January 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyccfb.info/public/voter-guide/general_2013/intro_mayor.aspx|title=2013 NYC Voter Guide: Mayor|year=2013|publisher=] |accessdate=2020-11-28}}</ref>


In June 2014, Sloan ran for the Democratic nomination for ] against incumbent ]. Serrano won, 91% to 9%. Later that summer, Sloan attempted to submit petitions for the ], one for the Democratic primary (with Nenad Bach as his running mate) and another an "ambush" of the Libertarian Party line similar to the one he attempted in 2010 (with ] as the running mate). Both petitions were ruled invalid.<ref name=rem>{{cite web |url=http://www.elections.ny.gov:8080/reports/rwservlet?cmdkey=whofiled |title=Candidate Petition List |publisher=elections.ny.gov|accessdate=September 26, 2014}}</ref> In June 2014, Sloan ran for the Democratic nomination for ] against incumbent ]. Serrano won, 91% to 9%. Later that summer, he attempted to submit petitions for the ], one for the Democratic primary (with Nenad Bach as his running mate) and another an "ambush" of the Libertarian Party line similar to the one he attempted in 2010 (with ] as the running mate). Both petitions were ruled invalid.<ref name=rem>{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117211740/http://www.elections.ny.gov:8080/reports/rwservlet?cmdkey=whofiled |title=Candidate Petition List (PDF) |publisher=elections.ny.gov |accessdate=September 26, 2014}}</ref>


⚫ He unsuccessfully attempted to gain the nomination for US president in the ].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/01/25/the-existential-pleasures-of-the-lesser-known-candidates-presidential-debate/ |title=The existential pleasures of the Lesser Known Candidates presidential debate |work=] |first=David |last=Weigel |date=January 25, 2016 |accessdate=2020-11-28 }}</ref> In 2016, he was also a candidate in the Democratic primary for US Congress in the ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uselections.com/ny/ny.htm |title=2016 New York Elections, Primary, Candidates, Races and Voting |accessdate=June 20, 2016 |work=uselections.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Patrick |last=Rocchio |url=http://www.bxtimes.com/stories/2016/25/25-13cd-2016-06-17-bx.html |title=13th Congressional district primary June 28 |date=June 17, 2016 |accessdate=June 20, 2016 |work=]}}</ref> He received 197 votes in the June 28 primary (0.46%), placing 8th out of nine candidates. ] won.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nyenr.elections.state.ny.us/ |title=NYS Board of Elections Unofficial Election Night Results |date=June 29, 2016 |accessdate=June 29, 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107220743/http://nyenr.elections.state.ny.us/ |archivedate=November 7, 2013 |df=mdy-all |work=] }}</ref>
On September 29, 2015, Sloan filed with the FEC to run for the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/515/201509300300024515/201509300300024515.pdf|title= Sam Sloan FEC filing|date=September 29, 2015|work=FEC|accessdate=October 20, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fec.gov/press/resources/2016presidential_form2pty.shtml|title=2016 Presidential Form 2 Filers|publisher=}}</ref> He ran as an ] candidate, opposing the US wars in ] and ]. He attempted to run campaign ads on ], the major ] in ], and ], the major TV station in ], both owned by ]. Both stations refused to run his ads on the ground that Sloan had failed to meet his burden to substantiate bona fide candidacy for president under the threshold established by the ] and ] of the ]. Sloan then sued in the ], in ]. Sloan also named as a defendant ] for allowing only two Democratic candidates, ] and ], into the ] debates, making it virtually impossible for any other Democratic candidate to win. Sloan alleged that the ] and ] 47 USC 315 requires federally licensed broadcasters to provide all candidates running for ] ] to use broadcast stations. ] ] disagreed and the ] affirmed that there is no ] under this statute. Sloan's case was dismissed.<ref>''Sloan v. Hearst Media Co.'' (1st Cir. 2016), Court of Appeals Docket #: 16-1885.</ref> He was on only ]'s ballot and received 15 votes. Clinton won the nomination on July 26, 2016.


⚫ Sloan unsuccessfully attempted to run for president again in 2020 as a Democrat.<ref name="Hallman"/> He later ran in the Democratic primary for the ], one of several challengers to incumbent first-term Representative ], but lost with 2.9% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sam Sloan |url=https://ballotpedia.org/Sam_Sloan |website=] |accessdate=20 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
⚫ In 2016, Sloan ran in the Democratic primary for US Congress in the ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uselections.com/ny/ny.htm |title=2016 New York Elections, Primary, Candidates, Races and Voting |accessdate=June 20, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Patrick |last=Rocchio |url=http://www.bxtimes.com/stories/2016/25/25-13cd-2016-06-17-bx.html |title=13th Congressional district primary June 28 |date=June 17, 2016 |accessdate=June 20, 2016 }}</ref> He received 197 votes in the June 28 primary (0.46%), placing 8th out of nine candidates. ] won.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nyenr.elections.state.ny.us/ |title=NYS Board of Elections Unofficial Election Night Results |date=June 29, 2016 |accessdate=June 29, 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107220743/http://nyenr.elections.state.ny.us/ |archivedate=November 7, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Despite opening an account for another campaign for governor in 2018 (which received no donations), Sloan did not submit a petition for the election on any party line.


⚫ ==Personal life==
⚫ Sloan again ran for the presidency in 2020 as a Democrat,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Hallman |first=J. C. |date=June 11, 2020 |title=When Mr. Sloan Went to Washington |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/158088/mr-sloan-went-washington |magazine=The New Republic |issn=0028-6583 |access-date=July 15, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> but failed to secure the nomination. He later ran in the Democratic primary for the ], one of several challengers to incumbent first-term Representative ],<ref>{{cite web |title=Sam Sloan |url=https://ballotpedia.org/Sam_Sloan |website=Ballotpedia |accessdate=20 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref> but lost with 2.9% of the vote.
Sloan has married five women, several of whom he might still be married to.<ref name="Hallman"/>


In 1976, Sloan converted to ] and changed his name to Mohammad Ismail Sloan. He often still uses the name Sam Sloan.<ref name="Hallman"/>
==Popular culture==
In the episode of ''Jeopardy!'' that aired on March 12, 2020, in the category "Defending Themselves in Court", one clue was "The last non-lawyer to argue ''pro se'' at the Supreme Court was Samuel Sloan in 1978. Shame it's no longer allowed—Sam won by this count". None of the contestants had the proper response, which was "What is 9 to 0?".


Sloan had an international child custody struggle over his daughter, Shamema, with a couple that had adopted her after they alleged that he kidnapped her in August 1986.<ref name="Hallman"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/special/shamema/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010215015926/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/special/shamema/ |archivedate=2001-02-15 |title="Kidnapped" US girl held in Bangkok |work=The Nation nationmultimedia.com |date=September 12, 1990 |accessdate=2020-11-28 }}</ref> In 1990, Sloan was convicted of attempted kidnapping and served 18 months in a Virginia prison.<ref name="mcclain1">{{cite news |last1=McClain |first1=Dylan Loeb |title=Chess Group Officials Accused of Using Internet to Hurt Rivals |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/08/nyregion/08chess.html |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=] |date=8 October 2007}}</ref>
⚫ ==Personal life==
Sloan has been married three times and has nine children. His second wife, Honzagool, was a native of ], ], and they had a daughter, Shamema. Sloan and Honzagool soon separated and Sloan left New York for Virginia with Shamema, leaving her in the care of a Virginia couple while Honzagool returned to Chitral. Sloan was subsequently locked into a child custody struggle over Shamema, which lasted several years, with that couple. On September 5, 1991, during an attempt to regain custody of Shamema, he was arrested. Sloan was convicted of attempted ] of Shamema and spent 18 months in state prison.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anusha.com/judgego.htm |title=92 Civ. 2388 (RJD) Report and recommendation |publisher=anusha.com |date=June 28, 1993 |first=Marilyn |last=Go |accessdate=June 1, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.courts.state.va.us/courts/ |title=Virginia Court System |accessdate=June 29, 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521025038/http://www.courts.state.va.us/courts/ |archivedate=May 21, 2016 |df=mdy-all }} On menu, pick Case Status Information/Circuit Court/Case Information. Pick Lynchburg Circuit Court. That should arrive at . Enter case number CR91003195-00 on form and press Case Number Inquiry.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://law.justia.com/codes/virginia/2006/toc1802000/18.2-47.html |title=§ 18.2–47 of the Code of Virginia: Abduction and kidnapping defined; punishment |publisher=justia.com |accessdate=February 1, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://law.justia.com/codes/virginia/2006/toc1802000/18.2-26.html |title=§ 18.2–26 of the Code of Virginia: Attempts to commit noncapital felonies; how punished |publisher=justia.com |accessdate=February 1, 2012}}</ref>


⚫ Sloan won the 2011 ] in the Senior Division (of two entries) at the ] in ], China.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldmemorychampionship.com/ |title=The Official Website for the World's Greatest Test of Memory Founded in 1991 by Tony Buzan & Raymond Keene OBE The Official website of the World Memory Championships |publisher=Worldmemorychampionship.com |date=October 26, 1991 |accessdate=February 1, 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203220325/http://worldmemorychampionship.com/ |archivedate=February 3, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.world-memory-statistics.com/competition.php?id=wsmc2011 |title=World Senior Memory Championship 2011 |accessdate=June 25, 2016 |work=world-memory-statistics.com}}</ref> ] wrote that Sloan has an ].{{sfn |Brady |2011 |page=173}}
As of February 2020, Sloan's FIDE chess ratings were 1772 and 1880 for blitz.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ratings.fide.com/card.phtml?event=2030390 |title=Sloan, Sam FIDE Chess Profile - Players Arbiters Trainers< |accessdate=February 4, 2020 }}</ref>


==Books== ==Books==
* ''Khowar English Dictionary'' (as Mohammad Ismail Sloan, 1981) (originally published in Pakistan) (reprint in 2006 by Ishi Press) {{ISBN|0-923891-15-3}} * ''Khowar-English Dictionary'' (as Mohammad Ismail Sloan, 1981) (originally published in Pakistan) (reprint in 2006 by Ishi Press) {{ISBN|0-923891-15-3}}
* ''Chinese Chess for Beginners'' (1989) {{ISBN|0-923891-11-0}} * ''Chinese Chess for Beginners'' (1989) {{ISBN|0-923891-11-0}}
* ''The Slave Children of Thomas Jefferson'' (originally published in 1992, reprinted in 2007) {{ISBN|1-881373-02-9}} * ''The Slave Children of Thomas Jefferson'' (originally published in 1992, reprinted in 2007) {{ISBN|1-881373-02-9}}
* ''How to Take over an American Public Company'' (1992) {{ISBN|1-881373-01-0}} * ''How to Take Over a Publicly Held Corporation'' (1992) {{ISBN|1-881373-01-0}}
* ''The Farm Book by Thomas Jefferson with light notes and annotations by Sam Sloan'' {{ISBN|0-923891-80-3}} * ''The Farm Book by Thomas Jefferson with light notes and annotations by Sam Sloan'' (2006) {{ISBN|0-923891-80-3}}
* ''Sam Sloan Teaches A+ 50 Helpful Questions'' {{ISBN|0-923891-06-4}} * ''Sam Sloan Teaches A+ 50 Helpful Questions'' (2009) {{ISBN|0-923891-06-4}}
* ''Phiona's Greatest Games of Chess'' {{ISBN|4-87187-727-2}} * ''Phiona's Greatest Games of Chess'' (2017) {{ISBN|4-87187-727-2}}
* ''History of the Campus Sexual Rights Forum at the University of California at Berkeley 1966-1967'' {{ISBN|4-87187-397-8}} * ''History of the Campus Sexual Rights Forum at the University of California at Berkeley 1966-1967'' (2017) {{ISBN|4-87187-397-8}}


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist|30em}} {{Reflist}}


===Cited texts=== ===Cited texts===
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==External links== ==External links==
{{commons category|Sam Sloan}} {{commons category|Sam Sloan}}
⚫ * {{Official website|http://samsloan.com}}
⚫ * {{chessgames player|id=10021}}
⚫ * {{Fide}}
* {{C-SPAN|Sam Sloan}} * {{C-SPAN|Sam Sloan}}
⚫ * http://samsloan.com/
* {{IMDb name |0806012}} * {{IMDb name |0806012}}
* {{ballotpedia |Sam_Sloan}} * {{ballotpedia |Sam_Sloan}}
⚫ * {{Fide}}
⚫ * {{chessgames player|id=10021}}
* at 365Chess.com


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Revision as of 21:35, 7 December 2020

American chess player For other people named Samuel Sloan, see Samuel Sloan (disambiguation).
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (December 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Samuel Sloan
BornSamuel Howard Sloan
(1944-09-07) September 7, 1944 (age 80)
Richmond, Virginia, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
OccupationPublisher
Websitehttp://samsloan.com/

Samuel Howard Sloan (born September 7, 1944) is an American perennial candidate and former broker-dealer. In 1978, he was the last non-lawyer to argue a case pro se before the United States Supreme Court before the court prohibited non-lawyers from arguing cases before them in 2013.

In 2006, Sloan served on the executive board of the United States Chess Federation. He has run unsuccessfully or attempted to run for several political offices, including President of the United States. The New Republic described him as a "peculiar man" and a "pathological genius" with a "colorful biography".

Early life and education

Sloan was born in Richmond, Virginia and graduated high school in 1962. He studied at University of California, Berkeley, where he became president of the Sexual Freedom League branch before dropping out.

Career

Sloan traveled to Afghanistan in 1977 and again in 1978. On his second trip, he was arrested just days after the Saur Revolution and charged with being a spy. He escaped from jail in Lashkargah and fled on foot and by bus to the U.S. embassy in Kabul before leaving the country. He traveled to Pakistan where he met and married two wives in Chitral, Pakistan. In 1981 using the name Mohammad Ismail Sloan, he wrote a lexicon of Khowar, a language spoken in Chitral. He spent four years in the United Arab Emirates writing a chess column while he was running a computer store.

Since 1994, Sloan has operated Ishi Press. Starting in 1997, he worked as a taxi driver in New York City.

Supreme Court case

Starting in 1968, Sloan worked for two years in the over-the-counter trading department at the Wall Street investment banking firm Hayden, Stone & Co. In 1970, he established Samuel H. Sloan & Company, a registered broker-dealer primarily trading over-the-counter stocks and bonds.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) brought civil actions against Sloan & Co. starting in 1971, alleging he had failed to maintain adequate books and records. In 1975, the SEC revoked his broker-dealer registration. After years of litigation, he prevailed in a case against the SEC at the U.S. Supreme Court in 1978, arguing his case pro se. He submitted a 175-page brief that the New Republic described as a "singularly absurd and complicated document" with "far too many obfuscations and legal shenanigans". The opposing attorney was Harvey Pitt, who was later the chairman of the SEC from 2001 to 2003. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that the "tacking" of 10-day summary suspension orders for an indefinite period was an abuse of the SEC's authority and a deprivation of due process. Sloan is the last non-lawyer to argue before the court, which prohibited that practice in 2013.

Chess

Sam Sloan at the 34th Chess Olympiad in Istanbul

Sloan studied chess from the age of 7 years old. In 1959, he was the youngest competitor in the National Capital Open Chess Tournament in Washington, D.C. United States Chess Federation's database reports that he has played in 152 chess tournaments since 1991 and that his highest FIDE rating was 2107 in 1997. He first met Bobby Fischer in 1956 at the Eastern Open Chess Tournament, attended a series of lectures by him at the Marshall Chess Club, where they developed a friendship.

In July 2006, Sloan was elected to the Executive Board of the United States Chess Federation (USCF). He advocated a major expansion of scholastic chess, arguing that the USCF should establish a program to certify school chess teachers. As second-place finisher (out of five) in the special election, he was elected to a one-year term on the board (the first-place finisher received a three-year term). His term of service began in August 2006. In 2007, he ran for reelection to the board, but was unsuccessful, finishing ninth out of 10 candidates. On October 2, 2007, he filed suit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York seeking to overturn the results of the 2007 USCF election and alleging a rival candidate had made more than 2,000 obscene "Fake Sam Sloan" newsgroup postings before the election. On August 28, 2008, US District Judge Denny Chin dismissed the suit with prejudice. The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed the dismissal but modified it to "without prejudice" as the case had not gone to a hearing.

Xiangqi

He authored a book titled Chinese Chess for Beginners in 1989, and he competed in the World Championship of Xiangqi in 2011 and 2013 and 2015 and 2017, held in Jakarta; Huizhou, China; Munich; and Manila, respectively. Under his Muslim name, Ismail, he is rated an FM (Foreign Master) by the World Xiangqi Federation.

Political campaigns

Sloan ran for the Libertarian nomination for governor of New York in 2010, facing off against attorney Warren Redlich and former madam Kristin M. Davis. By his own admission, he was not popular in the party and did not expect to win. He eventually lost the nomination to Redlich in a two-way battle, 27 votes to 17, after Davis refused to show up at the convention.

In January 2012, Sloan announced his candidacy for the Libertarian Party's 2012 presidential nomination. Gary Johnson won the nomination.

In November 2013, Sloan was on the ballot for the New York City mayoral election, as an independent on the War Veterans line; he received 166 votes (0.02%).

In June 2014, Sloan ran for the Democratic nomination for New York's 15th congressional district against incumbent José E. Serrano. Serrano won, 91% to 9%. Later that summer, he attempted to submit petitions for the 2014 gubernatorial election, one for the Democratic primary (with Nenad Bach as his running mate) and another an "ambush" of the Libertarian Party line similar to the one he attempted in 2010 (with Tom Stevens as the running mate). Both petitions were ruled invalid.

He unsuccessfully attempted to gain the nomination for US president in the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries. In 2016, he was also a candidate in the Democratic primary for US Congress in the New York's 13th congressional district. He received 197 votes in the June 28 primary (0.46%), placing 8th out of nine candidates. Adriano Espaillat won.

Sloan unsuccessfully attempted to run for president again in 2020 as a Democrat. He later ran in the Democratic primary for the New York's 14th US congressional district, one of several challengers to incumbent first-term Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, but lost with 2.9% of the vote.

Personal life

Sloan has married five women, several of whom he might still be married to.

In 1976, Sloan converted to Islam and changed his name to Mohammad Ismail Sloan. He often still uses the name Sam Sloan.

Sloan had an international child custody struggle over his daughter, Shamema, with a couple that had adopted her after they alleged that he kidnapped her in August 1986. In 1990, Sloan was convicted of attempted kidnapping and served 18 months in a Virginia prison.

Sloan won the 2011 Silver Medal in the Senior Division (of two entries) at the World Memory Championship in Guangzhou, China. Frank Brady wrote that Sloan has an eidetic memory.

Books

  • Khowar-English Dictionary (as Mohammad Ismail Sloan, 1981) (originally published in Pakistan) (reprint in 2006 by Ishi Press) ISBN 0-923891-15-3
  • Chinese Chess for Beginners (1989) ISBN 0-923891-11-0
  • The Slave Children of Thomas Jefferson (originally published in 1992, reprinted in 2007) ISBN 1-881373-02-9
  • How to Take Over a Publicly Held Corporation (1992) ISBN 1-881373-01-0
  • The Farm Book by Thomas Jefferson with light notes and annotations by Sam Sloan (2006) ISBN 0-923891-80-3
  • Sam Sloan Teaches A+ 50 Helpful Questions (2009) ISBN 0-923891-06-4
  • Phiona's Greatest Games of Chess (2017) ISBN 4-87187-727-2
  • History of the Campus Sexual Rights Forum at the University of California at Berkeley 1966-1967 (2017) ISBN 4-87187-397-8

References

  1. ^ Gresko, Jessica (July 1, 2013). "Only lawyers now can argue before Supreme Court". Yahoo! News. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  2. ^ Hallman, J. C. (2020-06-11). "When Mr. Sloan Went to Washington". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved 2020-09-11. See also archive here.
  3. ^ Ackman, Dan (June 30, 2004). "The Man in the Yellow Cab: Sam Sloan". New York Sun. Archived from the original on February 3, 2007. Retrieved June 30, 2007.
  4. Pitcher, Michelle (February 13, 2015). "A brief history of sexual liberation, orgies at UC Berkeley". The Daily Californian. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  5. ^ Duffy, Peter (December 1–7, 1999). "Brownsville Picaresque". New York Press. Vol. 12, no. 48. Retrieved 2020-11-28. archive at anusha.com
  6. "SEC v. Sloan, 436 U.S. 103 (1978)". justia.com. 1978. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  7. "SEC v. Samuel H. Sloan 436 U.S. 103 (1978)". findlaw.com. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
  8. Mauro, Tony (October 11, 2002). "Building a Better Advocate". The American Lawyer. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2007. see also archive at Anusha.com
  9. Irving, Carl (June 15, 1959). "Lone Woman, 54 Men Vie in Chess". The Evening Post. Retrieved 2020-11-29. archive at Anusha.com
  10. "US Chess MSA - Member Details (Tournament History): Sam Sloan". United States Chess Federation. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  11. "Eastern States Chess Tournament". The Washington Post. November 24, 1956. Retrieved 2020-11-29. archive at anusha.com
  12. McClain, Dylan Loeb (March 23, 2008). "Drive to Recall Member of Chess Federation's Board Is Under Way". gambit.blogs.nytimes.com. Retrieved June 1, 2008.
  13. ^ McClain, Dylan Loeb (8 October 2007). "Chess Group Officials Accused of Using Internet to Hurt Rivals". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
  14. McClain, Dylan Loeb (January 23, 2010). "Settlement in Dispute That Riveted the Chess World". The New York Times. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  15. Goichberg, Bill (2007). "Sam Sloan". checkmate.us. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  16. "Xiangqi games of Sam Sloan". wxf.ca. Retrieved 2020-11-28. and player list . Lists Sloan twice. The entry using "Ismail Sloan" name (the older entry) lists his title as FM. The "Sam Sloan" name entry list title as NT.
  17. "2013 Xiangqi game list". 01xq.com. 2013. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  18. Karlin, Rick (April 23, 2010). "Tomorrow: Three-way Libertarian smack-down in Albany!". Albany Times Union. Archived from the original on April 26, 2010. Retrieved April 23, 2010.
  19. "Sam Sloan Announces For Libertarian Party Presidential Nomination". Independent Political Report. January 16, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2012.
  20. "Principal Campaign Committee:Committee to Elect Sam Sloan". Federal Election Commission (FEC). January 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2012.
  21. "Statement and Return Report for Certification - General Election - November 5, 2013" (PDF). New York City Board of Elections. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
  22. "2013 NYC Voter Guide: Mayor". New York City Campaign Finance Board. 2013. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  23. "Candidate Petition List (PDF)". elections.ny.gov. Retrieved September 26, 2014.
  24. Weigel, David (January 25, 2016). "The existential pleasures of the Lesser Known Candidates presidential debate". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  25. "2016 New York Elections, Primary, Candidates, Races and Voting". uselections.com. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  26. Rocchio, Patrick (June 17, 2016). "13th Congressional district primary June 28". Bronx Times-Reporter. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  27. "NYS Board of Elections Unofficial Election Night Results". New York State Board of Elections. June 29, 2016. Archived from the original on November 7, 2013. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
  28. "Sam Sloan". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  29. ""Kidnapped" US girl held in Bangkok". The Nation nationmultimedia.com. September 12, 1990. Archived from the original on 2001-02-15. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  30. "The Official Website for the World's Greatest Test of Memory Founded in 1991 by Tony Buzan & Raymond Keene OBE The Official website of the World Memory Championships". Worldmemorychampionship.com. October 26, 1991. Archived from the original on February 3, 2012. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
  31. "World Senior Memory Championship 2011". world-memory-statistics.com. Retrieved June 25, 2016.
  32. Brady 2011, p. 173.

Cited texts

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Libertarian Party
Candidates
Other candidates
Carl Person
Sam Sloan
Green Party
Candidates
Other third-party and independent candidates
American Independent Party
American Third Position Party
Constitution Party
Freedom Socialist Party
  • Nominee: Stephen Durham
Grassroots Party
Nominee
Jim Carlson
Justice Party
Socialism and Liberation
Peace and Freedom Party
Prohibition Party
Reform Party
Socialist Equality Party
Nominee
Jerry White
Socialist Workers Party
Socialist Party
Independents and others
Objectivist Party
Tom Stevens
Independents
Lee Abramson
Randy Blythe
Jeff Boss
Robert Burck
Terry Jones
Joe Schriner
Michael Bloomberg
attempt to draft
(← 2012) 2016 United States presidential election (2020 →)
Donald Trump, Mike Pence (R), 304 electoral votes; Hillary Clinton, Tim Kaine (D), 227 electoral votes
Republican Party
▌AIP · ▌CPNY · ▌RTLP
  • Debates and forums
  • Endorsements
  • Primaries
  • Polls (national · statewide · straw)
  • Results
  • Convention
  • VP candidate selection
    • Candidates
    Nominee
    Donald Trump
    campaign
    endorsements
    positions
    protests
    GOP opposition
    VP nominee: Mike Pence
    Other candidates
    Jeb Bush
    campaign
    positions
    Ben Carson
    campaign
    Chris Christie
    campaign
    Ted Cruz
    campaign
    endorsements
    positions
    Mark Everson
    Carly Fiorina
    campaign
    Jim Gilmore
    campaign
    Lindsey Graham
    campaign
    Mike Huckabee
    campaign
    positions
    Bobby Jindal
    campaign
    John Kasich
    campaign
    endorsements
    Jimmy McMillan
    George Pataki
    campaign
    Rand Paul
    campaign
    positions
    Rick Perry
    campaign
    positions
    Marco Rubio
    campaign
    positions
    Rick Santorum
    campaign
    Scott Walker
    campaign
    Democratic Party
    ▌WEP · ▌WFP
    Candidates
    Nominee
    Hillary Clinton
    campaign
    endorsements
    political
    non-political
    celebrities
    performers
    positions
    Democratic opposition
    VP nominee: Tim Kaine
    Other candidates
    Lincoln Chafee
    campaign
    Rocky De La Fuente
    campaign
    Paul T. Farrell Jr.
    Lawrence Lessig
    campaign
    Martin O'Malley
    campaign
    Bernie Sanders
    campaign
    endorsements
    positions
    Jim Webb
    campaign
    Willie Wilson
    Libertarian Party
    ▌IPNY
    Candidates
    Nominee
    Gary Johnson
    campaign
    endorsements
    positions
    VP nominee: Bill Weld
    Other candidates
    John McAfee
    Austin Petersen
    Green Party
    Candidates
    Nominee
    Jill Stein
    campaign
    endorsements
    VP nominee: Ajamu Baraka
    Other candidates
    Darryl Cherney
    Independents
    ▌ IPMN
    Other third-party and independent candidates
    American Delta Party
    ▌Reform
    American Party (South Carolina)
    American Solidarity Party
    America's Party
    Constitution Party
    Nominee
    Darrell Castle
    campaign
    VP nominee: Scott Bradley
    Other candidates
    Tom Hoefling
    Nutrition Party
    Peace and Freedom Party
    ▌PSL
    Prohibition Party
    Socialist Action
    Socialist Equality Party
    Socialist Party USA
    Socialist Workers Party
    Pacifist Party
    Workers World Party
    Other Independent candidates
    * : These candidates were constitutionally ineligible to serve as President or Vice President.
    (← 2016) 2020 United States presidential election (2024 →)
    Joe Biden, Kamala Harris (D), 306 electoral votes; Donald Trump, Mike Pence (R), 232 electoral votes
    Democratic Party
    ▌IPO · ▌WFP
  • Primaries
  • Candidates
  • Debates
  • Forums
  • Results
  • Convention (automatic delegates)
  • Polls (national · state)
  • Positions
  • Endorsements
  • VP candidate selection
  • Unity Task Forces
    • Candidates
    Withdrew during primaries
    Michael Bennet
    Michael Bloomberg
    campaign
    endorsements
    positions
    Pete Buttigieg
    campaign
    endorsements
    positions
    Tulsi Gabbard
    campaign
    positions
    Amy Klobuchar
    campaign
    endorsements
    positions
    Deval Patrick
    Bernie Sanders
    campaign
    endorsements
    positions
    media coverage
    Tom Steyer
    Elizabeth Warren
    campaign
    endorsements
    positions
    Andrew Yang
    campaign
    endorsements
    Withdrew before primaries
    Cory Booker
    campaign
    endorsements
    positions
    Steve Bullock
    Julian Castro
    Bill de Blasio
    John Delaney
    campaign
    positions
    Kirsten Gillibrand
    positions
    Ben Gleib
    Mike Gravel
    campaign
    Kamala Harris
    campaign
    endorsements
    positions
    John Hickenlooper
    Jay Inslee
    campaign
    Wayne Messam
    Seth Moulton
    Richard Ojeda
    Beto O'Rourke
    campaign
    Tim Ryan
    Joe Sestak
    Eric Swalwell
    Marianne Williamson
    campaign
    Republican Party
    ▌CPNYS · ▌RTLP
    Candidates
    Incumbent nominee
    Donald Trump
    campaign
    endorsements
    political
    non-political
    positions
    GOP opposition
    GOP reactions to fraud claims
    Incumbent VP nominee: Mike Pence
    Withdrew during primaries
    Rocky De La Fuente
    Bob Ely
    Jack Fellure
    Zoltan Istvan
    Joe Walsh
    campaign
    Bill Weld
    campaign
    Withdrew before primaries
    Mark Sanford
    campaign
    Libertarian Party
    Candidates
    Nominee
    Jo Jorgensen
    campaign
    endorsements
    VP nominee: Spike Cohen
    Eliminated in balloting
    Jim Gray
    Adam Kokesh
    John McAfee
    John Monds
    Vermin Supreme
    campaign
    Withdrew before or during primaries
    Max Abramson
    Lincoln Chafee
    Zoltan Istvan
    Formed exploratory committee but did not run
    Justin Amash
    Green Party
    ▌LMN · ▌SA · ▌SPUSA
    Candidates
    Withdrew during primaries
    Dario Hunter
    Other candidates
    Jesse Ventura
    Constitution Party
    Other third-party candidates
    Alliance Party
    ▌AIP · ▌Reform
    Other candidates
    Max Abramson
    Phil Collins
    American Solidarity Party
    Other candidates
    Joe Schriner
    Birthday Party
    Bread and Roses
    Party for Socialism & Liberation
    ▌LUP · ▌PFP
    Progressive Party
    Prohibition Party
    Socialist Action
    Socialist Equality Party
    Socialist Workers Party
    Independent candidates
    Declared
    Pete Accetturo
    Mark Charles
    Brock Pierce (▌IPNY nominee)
    Jade Simmons
    Joe Schriner
    Withdrew
    Perry Caravello
    Jeremy Gable
    Disputes
    Attempts to overturn
    Lawsuits
    Controversies
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