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Revision as of 00:32, 2 April 2023 editSurveyor Mount (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users2,526 edits →DeathsTags: Reverted 2017 wikitext editor← Previous edit Revision as of 14:18, 5 April 2023 edit undoRcb1 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users89,182 edits Undid revision 1147759101 by Surveyor Mount (talk). replaced section as no link to the information providedTag: UndoNext edit →
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== Births and deaths == == Births and deaths ==
{{Main|Category:1983 births|Deaths in 1983}} {{Main|Category:1983 births|Deaths in 1983}}

==Deaths==
{{BD ToC|deaths}}
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===January===
* ] – ], British comedian (b. ])
* ] – ], German World War II fighter ace (b. ])
* ]
** ], Indian industrialist and educator (b. ])
** ], Belarusian statesman in the Soviet Union, the de facto leader of the Byelorussian SSR from 1980 to 1983 (b. ])
* ] – ], Soviet politician, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from 1965 to 1977 (b. ])
* ] – ], American general (b. ])
* ]
** ], Japanese general (b. ])
** ], American gangster (b. ])
* ] – ], American comedian (b. ])
* ] – ], Argentine politician and physician, 34th ] (b. ])
* ] – ], Brazilian footballer (b. ])
* ] – ], Canadian ] primate (b. ])
* ] – ], British trade unionist (b. ])
* ]
** ], English cricketer (b. ])
** ], Brazilian medical doctor, 2nd Director-General of ] (b. ])
* ]
** ], Venezuelan journalist and activist (b. ])
** ], American film director (b. ])
** ], Argentine Olympic athlete (b. ])
* ] – ], American football player and coach (b. ])
* ]
** ], French Resistance leader and politician, 82nd ] (b. ])
** ], French actor (b. ])
* ]
** ], Australian politician, 15th ], leader of the ] (b. ])
** ], British musician (b. ])
* ] – ], American admiral (b. ])

===February===
* ] – ], American singer and drummer (]) (b. ])
* ] – ], American military officer and politician (b. ])
* ] – ], Indian actor (b. ])
* ]
** ], English physicist (b. ])
** ], Spanish ] nun and blessed (b. ])
* ] – Patriarch ] (b. ])
* ]
** ], Italian football player and manager (b. ])
** ], American musician and songwriter (b. ])
* ] – ], Italian ] cardinal (b. ])
* ] – ], German athlete (b. ])
* ] – ], American actress (b. ])
* ] – Sir ], English conductor (b. ])
* ] – ], English composer (b. ])
* ] – ], American playwright (b. ])
* ] – ], Russian astronomer and astrophysicist (b. ])
* ] – ], British pianist (b. ])

===March===
* ]
** ], Japanese author (b. ])
** ], Austrian writer (b. ])
* ] – ], Belgian comics creator (b. ])
* ] – ], British spy (b. ])
* ] – ], Ukrainian conductor (b. ])
* ]
** Sir ], English composer (b. ])
** ], Peruvian singer and composer (b. ])
* ]
** ], American actress (b. ])
** ], Swedish physiologist, ] laureate (b. ])
* ] – ], American playwright (b. ])
* ] – ], French film actor and director (b. ])
* ]
** Dame ], British writer (b. ])
** ], Spanish architect and urbanist (b. ])
* ] – ], American radio and television broadcaster and entertainer (b. ])
* ] – ], American physiologist, ] laureate (b. ])
* ]
** ], 4th and last ] (b. ])
** ], Russian mathematician (b. ])
*] – ], Soviet and Russian actress (b. ])
*] – ], American football coach (b. ])
* ] – ], American football player (]) and a member of the ] (b. ])
* ] – ], British spy and art historian (b. ])
* ]
** ], American civil engineer (b. ])
** ], British actor (b. ])
* ]
** ], Danish actor (b. ])
** ], Austrian-American photographer (b. ])
* ] – ], British actor (b. ])

===April===
* ] – ], English football player and manager (b. ])
* ]
**], American actress (b. ])
**], American actress (b. ])
* ] – ], Mexican actress (b. ])
* ]
** ], English novelist (b. ])
** ], Norwegian football player and journalist (b. ])
* ] – ], Mexican actress (b. ])
* ]
** ], Hungarian poet and novelist (b. ])
** ], Dutch resistance fighter (b. ])
* ] – ], Polish author (b. ])
* ]
** ], Hungarian actress (b. ])
** ], German general (b. ])
** ], Argentine boxer and actor (b. ])
* ] – ], Austrian-American actor (b. ])
* ] – ], American musician (b. ])
* ]
** ], American actor and athlete (b. ])
** ], American actress and writer (b. ])
* ]
** ], Russian-American dancer and choreographer (b. ])
** ], American chemist (b. ])
** ], American musician (b. ])

===May===
* ]
** ], Canadian Olympic swimmer (b. ])
** ], Russian-born American cinematographer (b. ])
** ], American admiral (b. ])
* ]
** ], Thai politician and professor, 7th ] (b. ])
** ], 32nd ] (b. ])
** ], American football player (]) and coach (]) and a member of the ] (b. ])
* ] – ], British actor (b. ])
* ] – ], American writer (b. ])
* ] – ], Pakistan actor (b. ])
* ]
** ], 46th ] (b. ])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.miguelaleman.org/index.php/biografias/presidente-miguel-aleman-valdes|publisher=Fundacion Miguel Aleman, A.C. |language=es |access-date=May 29, 2019|title=BIOGRAFÍA}}</ref>
** ], American judge (b. ])
* ] – ], American photographer (b. ])
* ] – ], Irish politician, former ] and ] of Ireland (b. ])
* ] – ], 2nd ] (b. ])
* ] – ], British art historian (b. ])
* ]
** ], Belgian biologist, recipient of the ] (b. ])
** King ] (b. ])
** ], British actor (b. ])
* ] – ], American art collector (b. ])
* ] – ], British merchant marine worker, last surviving crewmember of the ] (b. ])
* ] – ], Latvian historian, Soviet politician and functionary (b. ])
* ] – ], American heavyweight champion boxer (b. ])

===June===
* ]
** ] (b. ])
** ], American actor (b. ])
** ], German writer (b. ])<ref>{{cite web |title=Anna Seghers |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/seghers-anna |website=Jewish Women's Archive |access-date=18 January 2022 }}</ref>
* ]
** ], Canadian musician (b. ])
** ], Filipino ] cardinal (b. ])
* ] – ], American tax protester and cop-killer (b. ])
* ] – ], Egyptian actor and screenwriter (b. ])
* ] – ], Slovenian writer (b. ])
* ] – ], American singer (b. ])
* ] – ], American actor (b. ])
* ] – ], Canadian-born American actress (b. ])
* ]
** ], Spanish-born Guatemalan ] cardinal (b. ])
** ], Indian Telugu poet (b. ])
* ]
** ], British actor (b. ])
** ], American composer and teacher (b. ])
* ]
** ], German industrial designer (b. ])<ref>{{cite book|title=Photography at the Bauhaus|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=9780262061261|year=1990|page=342}}</ref>
** ], British locomotive engineer (b. ])
* ] – ], Cuban politician, 21st ] (suicide) (b. ])
* ] – ], American politician, son of President ] (b. ])
* ] – ], Argentine composer (b. ])
* ]
** ], Singaporean football coach (b. ])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1840_2011-09-21.html|title=Choo Seng Quee &#124; Infopedia|website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg}}</ref>
** ], American radio and voice actress (b. ])

===July===
* ] – ], American architect (b. ])
* ] – ], Hungarian footballer (b. ])
* ]
** Dr. ], British suspected serial killer (b. ])
** ], American poet (b. ])
* ] – ], American musician and band leader (b. ])
* ] – ], American futurist (b. ])
* ] – ], British politician (b. ])
* ]
** ], German composer (b. ])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Julie Anne Sadie |author2=Stanley Sadie|title=Calling on the Composer|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2005|isbn=9780300183948|page=166}}</ref>
** ], Spanish singer and actress (b. ])
* ] – ], American-Canadian writer (b. ])
* ] – ], British rock musician, lead singer and guitarist of the band ] (b. ])
* ] – ], English cricketer (b. ])
* ] – ], American actor (b. ])
* ]
** ], Burundian military officer and statesman, 8th ] and 1st ] (b. ])
** ], American screenwriter (b. ])
* ] – ], American blues musician (b. ])
* ] – ], American journalist (b. ])
* ] – ], French composer (b. ])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Georges-Auric|title=Georges Auric - French composer|website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref>
* ] – ], American composer (b. ])
* ]
** ], Canadian boxer (b. ])
** ], Spanish Catalan circus clown (b. ])
* ]
** ], Spanish filmmaker (b. ])
** ], Italian judge (b. ])
** ], Canadian actor (b. ])
** ], British soldier and actor (b. ])
* ]
** ], American lyricist (b. ])
** ], British actress (b. ])

===August===
* ] – ], Salvadoran guerrilla (b. ])
* ] – ], American musician (b. ])
* ] – ], American actress (b. ])
* ] – ], American rock musician and actor (b. ])
* ]
** ], Dutch-born American astronomer (b. ])
** ], American actress (b. ])
* ] – ], German singer and performance artist (b. ])<ref>{{citation |title=Klaus and effect |periodical=The Advocate |date=February 15, 2005 |first=Michele |last=Kort |access-date=2007-11-02 |url = http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1589/is_2005_Feb_15/ai_n9538132 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080212135139/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1589/is_2005_Feb_15/ai_n9538132 |url-status = dead |archive-date = February 12, 2008 }}</ref>
* ] – ], Portuguese military officer and political figure, 104th ] (b. ])
* ] – ], American psychologist (b. ])
* ]
** ], American baseball player and member of the ] (b. ])
** ], American sculptor (b. ])
* ] – ], American lyricist (b. ])
* ] – ], German-born British art historian (b. ])
* ] – ], Filipino politician (b. ])<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kashiwahara|first1=Ken|title=Aquino's Final Journey|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/10/16/magazine/aquino-s-final-journey.html|website=The New York Times|date=16 October 1983|access-date=4 January 2017|language=en}}</ref>
* ] – ], American political activist, economist, and simple living advocate (b. ])<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/25/obituaries/scott-nearing-environmentalist-pacifist-and-radical-dies-at-100.html|title=SCOTT NEARING, ENVIRONMENTALIST, PACIFIST AND RADICAL, DIES AT 100|first=Glenn|last=Fowler|work=The New York Times |date=August 25, 1983|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref>
* ] – ], Pakistan-born Indian actor, director and producer (b. ])
* ]
** ], American actress and singer (b. ])
** ], Spanish writer (b. ])
* ] – ], American actor (b. ])

===September===
* ] – ], American politician (suffered an ] after giving a news conference condemning the shooting down of ]) (b. ])
* ] – ], Turkish-Cypriot actress (b. ])
* ] – ], 4th Prime Minister and 1st President of Sudan (b. ])
* ] – ], American-born Solomonian ] bishop (b. ])
* ]
** ], Swiss-born physicist, ] laureate (b. ])
** ], heaviest man who ever lived (b. ])
** ], British golfer (b. ])
** ], 8th ] and 5th ] (b. ])
* ] – ], American Olympic athlete (b. ])
* ] – ], American lieutenant general (b. ])
* ]
** ], Swedish actor (b. ])
** ], Honduran revolutionary leader (b. ])
* ] – ], Portuguese-born American ] clergyman (b. ])
* ] – ], Argentine actress (b. ])
* ] – ], Austrian Social Democratic politician, 19th ] (b. ])
* ]
** ] (b. ])
** ], Argentine footballer and manager (b. ])
* ] – ], Spanish philosopher (b. ])
* ] – King ] (b. ])
* ] – ], French singer (b. ])
* ] – ], Australian-born English war correspondent and historian (b. ])
* ] – ], American actor (b. ])

===October===
* ] – ], acting ], Leader of the ] (b. ])
* ] – ], American businessman (b. ])
* ] – ], American ] cardinal, archbishop and servant of God (b. ])
* ]
** ], American astronomer, professor at UCLA, science popularizer, and skeptic (b. ])
** ], Beninese military officer and political leader, 3rd ] (b. ])
* ]
** ], American actress (b. ])
** ], Swedish entrepreneur, founder of ] (b. ])
* ]
** ], American ] politician (b. ])
** Sir ], British actor (b. ])
* ] – ] (b. ])
* ] – ] Indian actor, playwright and director (b. ])
* ]
** ], Salvadoran poet and writer (b. ])
** ], American actor (b. ])
* ] – ], American actor (b. ])
* ] − ], American musician and television performer (b. ])
* ] – ], French philosopher, sociologist and political scientist. (b. ])
* ]
** ], Grenadian politician and revolutionary, 2nd ] (b. ])
** ], Australian-British pathologist (b. ])
** ], Dutch painter (b. ])
* ] – ], British actor (b. ])
* ] – ], American government official (b. ])
* ]
** ], American journalist (b. ])
** ], Japanese race car driver (b. ])
** ], Sri Lankan ] bishop (b. ])
* ]
** ], American football player (]) and a member of the ] (b. ])
** ], Polish-born American logician and mathematician (b. ])
* ]
** ], Irish cricketer (b. ])
** ], American cartoonist (b. ])
* ] – ], American football player and coach; member of the ] (b. ])

===November===
* ] – ], American conductor and composer (b. ])
* ] – ], French composer (b. ])
* ] – ], English tennis champion (b. ])
* ] – ], Azerbaijani actor (b. ])
* ]
** ], English graphic artist (b. ])
** ], Icelandic poet (b. ])
* ] – ], British actor (b. ])
* ]
** ], English musician and songwriter (b. ])
** ], American lyricist (b. ])
* ]
** ], French actor (b. ])
** ], Chinese-born American actor (b. ])
* ] − ], American actor (b. ])
* ] – ], Pakistani actor, film producer, writer and director (b. ])
* ]
** ], Mexican novelist and playwright (b. ])
** ], Uruguayan writer and literary critic (b. ])
** ], Colombian-Argentine art critic and writer (b. ])
** ], Spanish pianist (b. ])
* ] – ], American actor (b. ])
* ]
** ], West Indian cricketer (b. ])<ref>{{cite book|title=Westindian Digest|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SVdqAAAAMAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Hansib Pub.|page=45}}</ref>
** ], British writer (b. ])

===December===
* ] – ], Canadian-American actress and singer (b. ])
* ]
** ], American film director (b. ])
** ], British ] bishop (b. ])
* ]
** ], French singer (b. ])
** ], Baloch politician and poet from Pakistan (b. ])
* ] – ], Mexican actress and producer (b. ])
* ]
** ], New Zealand politician, 26th ] (b. ])
** ], American actor (b. ])
* ]
** ], Mexican actor (b. ])
** ], American actor (b. ])
* ] – Sir ], British general (b. ])
* ]
** ], American actress (b. ])
** ], English author (b. ])
* ] – ], British actor (b. ])
* ] – ], British actor (b. ])
* ]
** ] (b. ])
** ], German-British photographer and photojournalist(b. ])
* ] – ], Belgian-born literary critic (b. ])
* ] – ], Northern Irish artist (b. ])
* ] – ], Spanish painter (b. ])
* ] – ], Austrian-German artist (b. ])<ref name="grieb">Manfred H. Grieb: ''Liska, Hans''. In: ''Nürnberger Künstlerlexikon: Bildende Künstler, Kunsthandwerker, Gelehrte, Sammler, Kulturschaffende und Mäzene vom 12. bis zur Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts.'' Walter de Gruyter, 2011, {{ISBN|978-3-11-091296-8}}, p. 930 ( - preview).</ref>
* ] – ], American actor (b. ])
* ]
** ], American golf champion (b. ])
** ], American singer, songwriter and drummer (b. ])

===Date unknown===
* ], ] composer and lyricist, daughter of ] (b. ])
* ], New Zealand artist (b. ])


==Nobel Prizes== ==Nobel Prizes==

Revision as of 14:18, 5 April 2023

This article is about the year 1983. For other uses, see 1983 (disambiguation). Calendar year
Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1983 by topic
Subject
By country
Lists of leaders
Birth and death categories
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Works category
1983 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1983
MCMLXXXIII
Ab urbe condita2736
Armenian calendar1432
ԹՎ ՌՆԼԲ
Assyrian calendar6733
Baháʼí calendar139–140
Balinese saka calendar1904–1905
Bengali calendar1389–1390
Berber calendar2933
British Regnal year31 Eliz. 2 – 32 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar2527
Burmese calendar1345
Byzantine calendar7491–7492
Chinese calendar壬戌年 (Water Dog)
4680 or 4473
    — to —
癸亥年 (Water Pig)
4681 or 4474
Coptic calendar1699–1700
Discordian calendar3149
Ethiopian calendar1975–1976
Hebrew calendar5743–5744
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat2039–2040
 - Shaka Samvat1904–1905
 - Kali Yuga5083–5084
Holocene calendar11983
Igbo calendar983–984
Iranian calendar1361–1362
Islamic calendar1403–1404
Japanese calendarShōwa 58
(昭和５８年)
Javanese calendar1915–1916
Juche calendar72
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4316
Minguo calendarROC 72
民國72年
Nanakshahi calendar515
Thai solar calendar2526
Tibetan calendar阳水狗年
(male Water-Dog)
2109 or 1728 or 956
    — to —
阴水猪年
(female Water-Pig)
2110 or 1729 or 957
Unix time410227200 – 441763199

1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1983rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 983rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 83rd year of the 20th century, and the 4th year of the 1980s decade.

Calendar year

The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call.

Events

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Date unknown

Births and deaths

Main pages: Category:1983 births and Deaths in 1983

Deaths

Deaths
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December
Arturo Umberto Illia
Garrincha
George Cukor
Juan Carlos Zabala
Bear Bryant
Louis de Funès
Frank Forde
Karen Carpenter
Khoren I Paroian
Tennessee Williams
Chabuca Granda
Dame Rebecca West
Umberto II of Italy
Gloria Swanson
Dolores del Río
Mária Mezei
Buster Crabbe
Muddy Waters
Pridi Banomyong
File:Alemán Valdés.jpg
Miguel Alemán Valdés
Idris of Libya
Jack Dempsey
Prince Charles, Count of Flanders
Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado
Buckminster Fuller
Estrellita Castro
Chris Wood
David Niven
Carolyn Jones
Ninoy Aquino
Felix Bloch
Humberto Sousa Medeiros
Leopold III of Belgium
Terence Cooke
Joan Hackett
Ruben Rausing
Pat O'Brien
Carel Willink
George Headley
Gul Khan Nasir
Sir Keith Holyoake
Joan Miró
Dennis Wilson

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Date unknown

Nobel Prizes

References

  1. "A Closer Look At The Controversy Over The Internet's Birthday! You Decide". circleid.com. Retrieved June 23, 2018.
  2. Parry, Robert (2001). The map library in the new millennium. Chicago; London: American Library Association Library Association Pub. p. 90. ISBN 9780838935187.
  3. Alexander Cockburn; Jeffrey St Clair (1998). Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs, and the Press. Verso. p. 184. ISBN 9781859841396.
  4. "13 slain in Chinatown gambling club robbery; 2 suspects in custody". UPI. February 19, 1983. Retrieved March 22, 2019.
  5. "You Can Now See the First Ever 3D Printer—Invented by Chuck Hull—In the National Inventors Hall of Fame". 3DPrint.com. June 10, 2015.
  6. Blackburn, Peter (May 28, 1983). "New capital grows in rural Africa: PETER BLACKBURN reports on Yamoussoukro's dramatic promotion from an obscure village buried in the bush to the capital of the Ivory Coast". South China Morning Post. ProQuest 1553829422.
  7. RC Gallo; PS Sarin; EP Gelmann; M Robert-Guroff; E Richardson; VS Kalyanaraman; D Mann; GD Sidhu; RE Stahl; S Zolla-Pazner; J Leibowitch; M Popovic (1983). "Isolation of human T-cell leukemia virus in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)". Science. 220 (4599): 865–867. Bibcode:1983Sci...220..865G. doi:10.1126/science.6601823. PMID 6601823.
  8. Barre-Sinoussi, F.; Chermann, J.; Rey, F.; Nugeyre, M.; Chamaret, S.; Gruest, J.; Dauguet, C.; Axler-Blin, C.; Vézinet-Brun, F.; Rouzioux, C.; Rozenbaum, W.; Montagnier, L. (1983). "Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)". Science. 220 (4599): 868–871. Bibcode:1983Sci...220..868B. doi:10.1126/science.6189183. PMID 6189183. S2CID 390173.
  9. "Champions League 1982/1983 » Final » Hamburger SV - Juventus 1:0". worldfootball.net. May 25, 1983.
  10. "Fireworks suspect charged with deaths". ay 3news.google.com. The Spokesman-Review. May 30, 1983. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
  11. "1983: Thatcher wins landslide victory". June 9, 1983 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
  12. Treaties in Force: A List of Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States in Force on . U.S. Government Printing Office. 2006. p. 277.
  13. Aldrich, Robert (1993). The Crisis in New Caledonia in the 1980s. In: France and the South Pacific since 1940. Palgrave Macmillan, London. p. 242. ISBN 978-1-349-10830-5.
  14. Howard, Geoffrey (1986). Automobile aerodynamics : theory and practice for road and track. London Osceola, Wis., USA: Osprey for Motorbooks International. p. 53. ISBN 9780850456653.
  15. "Witness the First Commercial Cellular Call Being Made in 1983". April 17, 2013.
  16. Allen, Roy A. (2001). "Chapter 12: Microsoft in the 1980s" (PDF). A History of the Personal Computer: the People and the Technology. Allan Publishing. pp. 12/25–12/26. ISBN 978-0-9689108-0-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
  17. "Microsoft Office online, Getting to know you...again: The Ribbon". Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved June 8, 2011.
  18. "The history of branding, Microsoft history". Archived from the original on May 28, 2009. Retrieved June 8, 2011.
  19. Pollack, Andrew (August 25, 1983). "Computerizing Magazines". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 12, 2011. Retrieved June 8, 2011.
  20. Treaster, Joseph B. (November 4, 1983). "ARAFAT SAYS SYRIA AND LIBYA HAVE JOINED TRIPOLI BATTLE". The New York Times.
  21. Frederick S. Calhoun (1998). Hunters and Howlers: Threats and Violence Against Federal Judicial Officials in the United States, 1789-1993. U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Marshals Service. p. 15.
  22. "BIOGRAFÍA" (in Spanish). Fundacion Miguel Aleman, A.C. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
  23. "Anna Seghers". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
  24. Photography at the Bauhaus. MIT Press. 1990. p. 342. ISBN 9780262061261.
  25. "Choo Seng Quee | Infopedia". eresources.nlb.gov.sg.
  26. Julie Anne Sadie; Stanley Sadie (2005). Calling on the Composer. Yale University Press. p. 166. ISBN 9780300183948.
  27. "Georges Auric - French composer". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  28. Kort, Michele (February 15, 2005), "Klaus and effect", The Advocate, archived from the original on February 12, 2008, retrieved November 2, 2007
  29. Kashiwahara, Ken (October 16, 1983). "Aquino's Final Journey". The New York Times. Retrieved January 4, 2017.
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