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Revision as of 00:51, 22 June 2023 view sourceDMacks (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Autopatrolled, Administrators186,593 edits er, "protection". A block will be the next step though.← Previous edit Revision as of 01:57, 22 June 2023 view source HistoryofIran (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers97,607 edits WP:BOLD clean-up. This article suffers from unbelievable WP:RS and WP:VER. Didn't remove any info (yet), just the questionable citations. There are plenty of good sources about this figure, see the "Sources" section here for example User:HistoryofIran/Abdul Qadir GilaniNext edit →
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| denomination = ] | denomination = ]
| jurisprudence = ] | jurisprudence = ]
| creed = ]
| creed = ]<ref name="Ibn al-Ahdal">{{cite book|author=]|editor=Ahmad Bakīr Mahmud|url=https://archive.org/download/kalam-misc/kashful-ghitaa.pdf|title=Kashf al-Ghata' 'an Haqa'iq al-Tawhid|script-title=ar:كشف الغطاء عن حقائق التوحيد|language=ar|location=]|publisher=]|year=1964|page=83|quote=وكل هؤلاء الذين ذكرنا عقائدهم من أئمة الشافعية سوى القرشي والشاذلي فمالكيان أشعريان. ولنتبع ذلك بعقيدة المالكية وعقيدتين للحنفية ليعلم أن غالب أهل هذين المذهبين على مذهب الأشعري في العقائد، '''وبعض الحنبلية في الفروع يكونون على مذهب الأشعري في العقائد كالشيخ عبد القادر الجيلاني وابن الجوزي وغيرهما رضي الله عنهم.''' وقد تقدم وسيأتي أيضاً أن الأشعري والإمام أحمد كانا في الاعتقاد متفقين حتى حدث الخلاف من أتباعه القائلين بالحرف والصوت والجهة وغير ذلك فلهذا لم نذكر عقائد المخالفين واقتصرنا على عقائد أصحابنا الأشعرية ومن وافقهم من المالكية والحنفية رضي الله عنهم. فأما عقيدة المالكية فهي تأليف الشيخ الإمام الكبير الشهير أبي محمد عبد الله بن أبي زيد المالكي ذكرها في صدر كتابه الرسالة}}</ref>
| works = ''Futuh al-Ghayb'' (Revelations of the Unseen), ''{{ill|Al-Ghunya li-Talibi Tariq al-Haqq|ar|الغنية لطالبي طريق الحق}}'' (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of the Truth) | works = ''Futuh al-Ghayb'' (Revelations of the Unseen), ''{{ill|Al-Ghunya li-Talibi Tariq al-Haqq|ar|الغنية لطالبي طريق الحق}}'' (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of the Truth)
}} }}
{{Sufism}} {{Sufism}}


'''ʿAbdul Qādir Gīlānī''', ({{lang-ar|عبدالقادر الجيلاني|ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī}}; {{lang-fa|{{Nastaliq|عبدالقادر گیلانی}}}}) known by admirers as '''Muḥyī l-Dīn Abū Muḥammad b. Abū Sāliḥ ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī al-Baḡdādī al-Ḥasanī al-Ḥusaynī''' (March 23, 1078{{Spaced en dash}}February 21, 1166), was a ] ], ], ], ], and ] belonging to the ], and the ]ous founder of the ] ] (Sufi order) of ].<ref name="W. Braune, 1986">W. Braune, ''Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Encyclopaedia of Islam'', Vol. I, ed. H.A.R Gibb, J.H.Kramers, E. Levi-Provencal, J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 69;"authorities are unanimous in stating that he was a Persian from Nayf (Nif) in Djilan, south of the Caspian Sea."</ref><ref name="John Renard p 142">John Renard, The A to Z of Sufism. p 142. {{ISBN|081086343X}}</ref><ref name="Juan Eduardo Campo p. 288">Juan Eduardo Campo, Encyclopedia of Islam, p. 288. {{ISBN|1438126964}}</ref> The Qadiriyya tariqa is named after him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sufism, Sufis, and Sufi Orders: Sufism's Many Paths |url=http://islam.uga.edu/sufismorders.html |access-date=2017-07-21 |website=islam.uga.edu}}</ref> '''ʿAbdul Qādir Gīlānī''', ({{lang-ar|عبدالقادر الجيلاني|ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī}}; {{lang-fa|{{Nastaliq|عبدالقادر گیلانی}}}}) known by admirers as '''Muḥyī l-Dīn Abū Muḥammad b. Abū Sāliḥ ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī al-Baḡdādī al-Ḥasanī al-Ḥusaynī''' (March 23, 1078{{Spaced en dash}}February 21, 1166), was a ] ], ], ], ], and ] belonging to the ], and the ]ous founder of the ] ] (Sufi order) of ].<ref name="W. Braune, 1986">W. Braune, ''Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Encyclopaedia of Islam'', Vol. I, ed. H.A.R Gibb, J.H.Kramers, E. Levi-Provencal, J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 69;"authorities are unanimous in stating that he was a Persian from Nayf (Nif) in Djilan, south of the Caspian Sea."</ref><ref name="John Renard p 142">John Renard, The A to Z of Sufism. p 142. {{ISBN|081086343X}}</ref><ref name="Juan Eduardo Campo p. 288">Juan Eduardo Campo, Encyclopedia of Islam, p. 288. {{ISBN|1438126964}}</ref> The Qadiriyya tariqa is named after him.


He was born on March 23, 1078 (1 ] 470 AH) in the town of Na'if, ] in ], ], and died on February 21, 1166 (11 ] 561 AH), in ].<ref name="W. Braune, 1986" /><ref name="EB">{{Britannica|693|'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">''The works of Shaykh Umar Eli of Somalia of al-Tariqat al-Qadiriyyah.''</ref> He was born on March 23, 1078 (1 ] 470 AH) in the town of Na'if, ] in ], ], and died on February 21, 1166 (11 ] 561 AH), in ].<ref name="W. Braune, 1986" /><ref name="EB">{{Britannica|693|'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">''The works of Shaykh Umar Eli of Somalia of al-Tariqat al-Qadiriyyah.''</ref>
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==Family background== ==Family background==
Gilani's father, Abu Saleh, was from a ] ] lineage, tracing his descent from ], a grandson of the Islamic prophet ], making him a member of ].<ref>''Historical and political who's who of Afghanistan.'' p 177. Adamec, Ludwig W. (1975)</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Qādrī |first=Muḥammad Riyāz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VezXAAAAMAAJ |title=The Sultan of the Saints: Mystical Life and Teaching of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani |date=2000-01-01 |publisher=Abbasi Pablications |isbn=9789698510169 |page=19 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="B. Lawrence, pp. 132-133">{{iranica|abd-al-qader-jilani}}</ref> Abu Saleh was respected as a ] by the people of his day, and was known as ''Jangi Dost'' (lit. "fight-lover" in ]) in the Iranic-speaking world, his father's ].{{why|date=November 2022}}<ref name="B. Lawrence, pp. 132-133" /><ref name="sulook.org">{{Cite web |title=Sulook organisation website. |url=http://sulook.org/jsp/biographies/Shaykh_Abd_al-Qadir.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728070800/http://sulook.org/jsp/biographies/Shaykh_Abd_al-Qadir.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-28 |access-date=2010-02-19}}</ref><ref>''Mihr-e-munīr: biography of Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh'' pg 27, Khān, Muhammad Fādil and Ahmad, Faid. Sajjadah Nashinan of Golra Sharif, Islamabad. (1997)</ref><ref>''Encyclopaedia of Sufism'', volume 1, Kahn, Masood Ali and Ram, S.</ref> Gilani's mother, Ummul Khair Fatima, was also a Sayyid, but of the ] branch having been a descendant of ], who was said to be descended from ], the younger brother of ].<ref>{{harvtxt|Qādrī|2000|p=21}}</ref> Gilani's father, Abu Saleh, was from a ] ] lineage, tracing his descent from ], a grandson of the Islamic prophet ], making him a member of ].<ref>''Historical and political who's who of Afghanistan.'' p 177. Adamec, Ludwig W. (1975)</ref><ref name="B. Lawrence, pp. 132-133">{{iranica|abd-al-qader-jilani}}</ref> Abu Saleh was respected as a ] by the people of his day, and was known as ''Jangi Dost'' (lit. "fight-lover" in ]) in the Iranic-speaking world, his father's ].{{why|date=November 2022}}<ref name="B. Lawrence, pp. 132-133" /><ref name="sulook.org">{{Cite web |title=Sulook organisation website. |url=http://sulook.org/jsp/biographies/Shaykh_Abd_al-Qadir.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728070800/http://sulook.org/jsp/biographies/Shaykh_Abd_al-Qadir.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-28 |access-date=2010-02-19}}</ref><ref>''Mihr-e-munīr: biography of Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh'' pg 27, Khān, Muhammad Fādil and Ahmad, Faid. Sajjadah Nashinan of Golra Sharif, Islamabad. (1997)</ref><ref>''Encyclopaedia of Sufism'', volume 1, Kahn, Masood Ali and Ram, S.</ref> Gilani's mother, Ummul Khair Fatima, was also a Sayyid, but of the ] branch having been a descendant of ], who was said to be descended from ], the younger brother of ].


==Education== ==Education==
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== School of law == == School of law ==
Gilani belonged to the ] and ] schools of law.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Tariqa of Shaikh 'Abdul Qadir Jilani |url=http://www.iqra.dreamhosters.com/articles/Jilani/jilani3.html |publisher=Iqra Islamic Publications}}</ref> He placed Shafi'i jurisprudence (]) on an equal footing with the Hanbali school (]), and used to give ] according to both of them simultaneously.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vidyajyoti Institute of Religious Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OUQwAAAAYAAJ |title=Islam in India, Volume 4 |date=1989 |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |page=219 |author-link=Vidyajyoti College of Theology}}</ref> This is why ] praised him in his book entitled ''Bustan al-'Arifin'' (Garden of the Spiritual Masters), saying: "We have never known anyone more dignified than ]'s Sheikh Muhyi al-Din 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani, may Allah be pleased with him, the ] of Shafi'is and Hanbalis in Baghdad".<ref name="Jilani-FolkCulture">{{Cite web |title=Sheikh Abdul Qadir Al Jilani in Folklore |url=https://www.folkculturebh.org/en/index.php?issue=14&page=showarticle&id=17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020013241/https://www.folkculturebh.org/en/index.php?issue=14&page=showarticle&id=17 |archive-date=20 Oct 2020 |website=folkculturebh.org |publisher=Folk Culture – Bahrain}}</ref><ref name="Jilani-Iqra">{{Cite web |title=How the Mashaayikh Praise Shaykh 'Abdul Qadir Jilani |url=http://www.iqra.net/articles/Jilani/jilani12.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020004801/http://www.iqra.net/articles/Jilani/jilani12.html |archive-date=20 Oct 2020 |website=iqra.net |publisher=Iqra Islamic Publications}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last='Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani |date=20 January 2019 |editor-last=Jamal al-Din Faleh al-Kilani |editor-link=:ar:جمال الدين فالح الكيلاني |title=Futuh al-Ghayb ("Revelations of the Unseen") |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sVqEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 |language=ar}}</ref> Gilani belonged to the ] and ] schools of law. He placed Shafi'i jurisprudence (]) on an equal footing with the Hanbali school (]), and used to give ] according to both of them simultaneously.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vidyajyoti Institute of Religious Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OUQwAAAAYAAJ |title=Islam in India, Volume 4 |date=1989 |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |page=219 |author-link=Vidyajyoti College of Theology}}</ref> This is why ] praised him in his book entitled ''Bustan al-'Arifin'' (Garden of the Spiritual Masters), saying: "We have never known anyone more dignified than ]'s Sheikh Muhyi al-Din 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani, may Allah be pleased with him, the ] of Shafi'is and Hanbalis in Baghdad".<ref name="Jilani-FolkCulture">{{Cite web |title=Sheikh Abdul Qadir Al Jilani in Folklore |url=https://www.folkculturebh.org/en/index.php?issue=14&page=showarticle&id=17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020013241/https://www.folkculturebh.org/en/index.php?issue=14&page=showarticle&id=17 |archive-date=20 Oct 2020 |website=folkculturebh.org |publisher=Folk Culture – Bahrain}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last='Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani |date=20 January 2019 |editor-last=Jamal al-Din Faleh al-Kilani |editor-link=:ar:جمال الدين فالح الكيلاني |title=Futuh al-Ghayb ("Revelations of the Unseen") |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sVqEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 |language=ar}}</ref>


== Creed == == Creed ==
{{ill|Ibn al-Ahdal|ar|بدر الدين الأهدل}} (d. 855/1451) in his ''Kashf al-Ghata' 'an Haqa'iq al-Tawhid'' ({{lang-ar|كشف الغطاء عن حقائق التوحيد}}) considered him one of the ] scholars along with ].<ref name="Ibn al-Ahdal"/> {{ill|Ibn al-Ahdal|ar|بدر الدين الأهدل}} (d. 855/1451) in his ''Kashf al-Ghata' 'an Haqa'iq al-Tawhid'' ({{lang-ar|كشف الغطاء عن حقائق التوحيد}}) considered him one of the ] scholars along with ].


==Later life== ==Later life==
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] in Baghdad 1925]] ] in Baghdad 1925]]


Gilani died on February 21, 1166 (11 ] 561 AH).<ref name="ReferenceA" /> His body was entombed in a ] in Babul-Sheikh, Rusafa on the east bank of the ] in Baghdad, Iraq.<ref>''Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din'' (''Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion''), parts one and two in Arabic, Al-Qadir, Abd and Al-Gilani. Dar Al-Hurya, Baghdad, Iraq, (1988).</ref><ref>''Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din'' (''Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion'') with introduction by Al-Kilani, Majid Irsan. Al-Kilani, Majid, al-Tariqat, 'Ursan, and al-Qadiriyah, Nash'at</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Qadirya Mausoleum |url=http://islamictourism.com/PDFs/Issue%2017/English/66-74%20al%20jilany.pdf}}</ref> Gilani died on February 21, 1166 (11 ] 561 AH).<ref name="ReferenceA" /> His body was entombed in a ] in Babul-Sheikh, Rusafa on the east bank of the ] in Baghdad, Iraq.<ref>''Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din'' (''Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion''), parts one and two in Arabic, Al-Qadir, Abd and Al-Gilani. Dar Al-Hurya, Baghdad, Iraq, (1988).</ref><ref>''Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din'' (''Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion'') with introduction by Al-Kilani, Majid Irsan. Al-Kilani, Majid, al-Tariqat, 'Ursan, and al-Qadiriyah, Nash'at</ref>


During the reign of the ] Shah ], Gilani's shrine was destroyed.<ref>A.A. Duri, ''Baghdad, The Encyclopaedia of Islam'', Vol. I, 903.</ref> However, in 1535, the Ottoman Sultan ] had a dome built over the shrine, which still exists.<ref>W. Braune, ''Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Encyclopaedia of Islam'', Vol. I, 70.</ref> During the reign of the ] Shah ], Gilani's shrine was destroyed.<ref>A.A. Duri, ''Baghdad, The Encyclopaedia of Islam'', Vol. I, 903.</ref> However, in 1535, the Ottoman Sultan ] had a dome built over the shrine, which still exists.<ref>W. Braune, ''Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Encyclopaedia of Islam'', Vol. I, 70.</ref>


==Birthday and death anniversary celebration== ==Birthday and death anniversary celebration==
11 ] is celebrated as Gilani's death anniversary. Some scholars give 29 ] and 17 ] as his birth and death days respectively.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shammsuddin |first=Khawaja |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BnQCDgAAQBAJ&q=baran+e+rahmat+book |title=Baran-e-Rahmat – The Rain of Mercy Part 2 |date=2017-10-22 |isbn=978-1-326-75227-9 |page=156 |language=en}}</ref> In the ], his '], or death anniversary, is called Giyarwee Sharif, or Honoured Day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gyarvi Sharif |url=http://www.shattariyah.blogspot.com/p/gyarvi-sharif.html |access-date=3 Nov 2022}}</ref> 11 ] is celebrated as Gilani's death anniversary. Some scholars give 29 ] and 17 ] as his birth and death days respectively.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shammsuddin |first=Khawaja |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BnQCDgAAQBAJ&q=baran+e+rahmat+book |title=Baran-e-Rahmat – The Rain of Mercy Part 2 |date=2017-10-22 |isbn=978-1-326-75227-9 |page=156 |language=en}}</ref> In the ], his '], or death anniversary, is called Giyarwee Sharif, or Honoured Day.


==Books== ==Books==
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* ''Futuh al ghaib'' (Secrets of the unseen) * ''Futuh al ghaib'' (Secrets of the unseen)
*Ghunyat tut talibeen (Treasure for seekers) <ref>{{Cite book |last=Al-Qahtani |first=Sheik Saeed bin Misfer |title=Sheikh Abdul Qadir Al-Jilani and his Belief and Sufi views |publisher=Library of Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah |year=1997 |pages=133 |language=ar}}</ref> غنیہ الطالیبین *Ghunyat tut talibeen (Treasure for seekers) <ref>{{Cite book |last=Al-Qahtani |first=Sheik Saeed bin Misfer |title=Sheikh Abdul Qadir Al-Jilani and his Belief and Sufi views |publisher=Library of Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah |year=1997 |pages=133 |language=ar}}</ref> غنیہ الطالیبین
*Al-Fuyudat al-Rabbaniya (Emanations of Lordly Grace)
*Al-Fuyudat al-Rabbaniya (Emanations of Lordly Grace)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Al-Fuyudat al-Rabbaniyya |url=http://www.al-baz.com/shaikhabdalqadir/Books_and_Text_of_Wisdom/Al-Fuyudat_al-Rabbaniyya/al-fuyudat_al-rabbaniyya.htm |access-date=2021-05-05 |website=www.al-baz.com}}</ref>
*Fifteen Letters: Khamsata 'Ashara Maktuban<ref>{{Cite book |last=Al-Jilani |first='Abd Al-Qadir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QdexAQAACAAJ&q=Abdul+qadir+jilani+books |title=Fifteen Letters: Khamsata 'Ashara Maktuban |date=2019-05-27 |publisher=Islamic Book Trust |isbn=978-967-0526-14-0 |language=en}}</ref> *Fifteen Letters: Khamsata 'Ashara Maktuban<ref>{{Cite book |last=Al-Jilani |first='Abd Al-Qadir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QdexAQAACAAJ&q=Abdul+qadir+jilani+books |title=Fifteen Letters: Khamsata 'Ashara Maktuban |date=2019-05-27 |publisher=Islamic Book Trust |isbn=978-967-0526-14-0 |language=en}}</ref>
*Kibriyat e Ahmar
*Kibriyat e Ahmar<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marfat Library |url=http://www.marfat.com/BookDetailPage.aspx?bookId=e0f65833-96e2-4b11-9c24-793971443707 |access-date=2021-05-05 |website=www.marfat.com}}</ref>
*A Concise Description of Jannah & Jahannam<ref>{{Cite web |title=A concise description of Jannah & Jahannam, the garden of paradise and the fire of hell: excerpted from 'Sufficient provision for seekers of the Path of Truth (Al-Ghunya li-Tālibi al-Ḥaqq) |website= WorldCat.org |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/1158643778 |access-date=2022-11-03 |language=en}}</ref> *A Concise Description of Jannah & Jahannam<ref>{{Cite web |title=A concise description of Jannah & Jahannam, the garden of paradise and the fire of hell: excerpted from 'Sufficient provision for seekers of the Path of Truth (Al-Ghunya li-Tālibi al-Ḥaqq) |website= WorldCat.org |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/1158643778 |access-date=2022-11-03 |language=en}}</ref>
*The Sublime Revelation (al-Fatḥ Ar-rabbānī)
*The Sublime Revelation (al-Fatḥ Ar-rabbānī)<ref>{{Cite book |last=al-Jīlānī |first=ʻAbd al-Qādir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=clKPAAAAMAAJ |title=The Sublime Revelation (al-Fatḥ Ar-rabbānī): A Collection of Sixty-two Discourses |date=1998 |publisher=Al-Baz Publishing, Incorporated |isbn=978-1-882216-02-4 |language=en}}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==

Revision as of 01:57, 22 June 2023

Sunni Muslim preacher, mystic and theologian (1078–1166)
ShaykhAbdul Qadir Jilani
عبد القادر الجيلاني
Jilani's tomb in Baghdad, Iraq
TitleGhawth ul Adham
Shaykh al-Islam
Qutb al-Arifīn
Sultān al-Awliyā
Pir-e Piran
Mehboobeh Subhani
Dastgeer Sahab(Particularly in Kashmir)
Ghous Paak
Personal life
BornMarch 23, 1075 CE
(1 Ramadan, 470 AH)
Gilan, Seljuk Sultanate
DiedFebruary 21, 1166 CE
(11 Rabi' al-Thani, 561 AH)
(aged 90)
Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate
Resting placeBaghdad, Iraq
ChildrenAbdul Razzaq Jilani
EraIslamic Golden Age
(Later Abbasid Era)
RegionBaghdad
Main interest(s)Fiqh, Sufism
Notable work(s)Futuh al-Ghayb (Revelations of the Unseen), Al-Ghunya li-Talibi Tariq al-Haqq [ar] (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of the Truth)
Religious life
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceHanbali
TariqaQadiriyya (founder)
CreedAsh'ari
Part of a series on Islam
Sufism
Tomb of Abdul Qadir Gilani, Baghdad, Iraq
Ideas
Practices
Sufi orders
List of sufis
Topics in Sufism
Islam portal

ʿAbdul Qādir Gīlānī, (Template:Lang-ar; Template:Lang-fa) known by admirers as Muḥyī l-Dīn Abū Muḥammad b. Abū Sāliḥ ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī al-Baḡdādī al-Ḥasanī al-Ḥusaynī (March 23, 1078 – February 21, 1166), was a Sunni Muslim preacher, ascetic, mystic, jurist, and theologian belonging to the Hanbali, and the eponymous founder of the Qadiriyya tariqa (Sufi order) of Sufism. The Qadiriyya tariqa is named after him.

He was born on March 23, 1078 (1 Ramdhan 470 AH) in the town of Na'if, Rezvanshahr in Gilan, Iran, and died on February 21, 1166 (11 Rabi' al-Thani 561 AH), in Baghdad.

Name

The honorific Muhiyudin denotes his status with many Sufis as a "reviver of religion". Gilani (Arabic al-Jilani) refers to his place of birth, Gilan. However, Gilani also carried the epithet Baghdadi, referring to his residence and burial in Baghdad.

Family background

Gilani's father, Abu Saleh, was from a Hasanid Sayyid lineage, tracing his descent from Hasan ibn Ali, a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, making him a member of Banu Hashim. Abu Saleh was respected as a Wali by the people of his day, and was known as Jangi Dost (lit. "fight-lover" in Farsi) in the Iranic-speaking world, his father's sobriquet. Gilani's mother, Ummul Khair Fatima, was also a Sayyid, but of the Husaynid branch having been a descendant of Muhammad al-Jawad, who was said to be descended from Husayn ibn Ali, the younger brother of Hasan.

Education

Gilani spent his early life in Gilan, the province of his birth. In 1095, he went to Baghdad. There, he pursued the study of Hanbali law under Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi and ibn Aqil. He studied Hadith with Abu Muhammad Ja'far al-Sarraj. His Sufi spiritual instructor was Abu'l-Khair Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas. After completing his education, Gilani left Baghdad. He spent twenty-five years wandering in the deserts of Iraq.

School of law

Gilani belonged to the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools of law. He placed Shafi'i jurisprudence (fiqh) on an equal footing with the Hanbali school (madhhab), and used to give fatwa according to both of them simultaneously. This is why al-Nawawi praised him in his book entitled Bustan al-'Arifin (Garden of the Spiritual Masters), saying: "We have never known anyone more dignified than Baghdad's Sheikh Muhyi al-Din 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani, may Allah be pleased with him, the Sheikh of Shafi'is and Hanbalis in Baghdad".

Creed

Ibn al-Ahdal [ar] (d. 855/1451) in his Kashf al-Ghata' 'an Haqa'iq al-Tawhid (Template:Lang-ar) considered him one of the Ash'ari scholars along with Ibn al-Jawzi.

Later life

In 1127, Gilani returned to Baghdad and began to preach to the public. He joined the teaching staff of the school belonging to his teacher, al-Mazkhzoomi, and was popular with students. In the morning he taught hadith and tafsir, and in the afternoon he discoursed on the science of the heart and the virtues of the Quran. He was said to have been a convincing preacher and converted numerous Jews and Christians. He was able to reconcile the mystical nature of Sufism with the sober demands of Islamic Law.

Death and burial

Sheikh Abdul Qadir Gilani Mosque in Baghdad 1925

Gilani died on February 21, 1166 (11 Rabi' al-Thani 561 AH). His body was entombed in a shrine within his madrasa in Babul-Sheikh, Rusafa on the east bank of the Tigris in Baghdad, Iraq.

During the reign of the Safavid Shah Ismail I, Gilani's shrine was destroyed. However, in 1535, the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent had a dome built over the shrine, which still exists.

Birthday and death anniversary celebration

11 Rabi' al-Thani is celebrated as Gilani's death anniversary. Some scholars give 29 Sha'ban and 17 Rabi' al-Thani as his birth and death days respectively. In the Indian subcontinent, his 'urs, or death anniversary, is called Giyarwee Sharif, or Honoured Day.

Books

The Vision of Muhyi al-Din ibn al-Gilani. Miniature from Ottoman (1595) edition of "Nafahat al-uns" (Breaths of Fellowship) of Jami. Chester Beatty Library
  • Kitab Sirr al-Asrar wa Mazhar al-Anwar (The Book of the Secret of Secrets and the Manifestation of Light)
  • Futuh al ghaib (Secrets of the unseen)
  • Ghunyat tut talibeen (Treasure for seekers) غنیہ الطالیبین
  • Al-Fuyudat al-Rabbaniya (Emanations of Lordly Grace)
  • Fifteen Letters: Khamsata 'Ashara Maktuban
  • Kibriyat e Ahmar
  • A Concise Description of Jannah & Jahannam
  • The Sublime Revelation (al-Fatḥ Ar-rabbānī)

See also

Bibliography

  • Sayings of Shaikh Abd al-Qadir al-Jīlānī Malfūzāt, Holland, Muhtar (translator). S. Abdul Majeed & Co, Kuala Lumpur (1994) ISBN 1-882216-03-2.
  • Fifteen letters, khamsata ashara maktūban / Shaikh Abd Al-Qādir Al-Jīlānī. Translated from Persian to Arabic by Alī usāmu D-Dīn Al-Muttaqī. Translated from Arabic into English by Muhtar Holland.
  • Kamsata ašara maktūban. First edition. ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn, ʿAlī B., ʿAbd al-Malik al- Muttaqī al-Hindī (about 1480–1567) and Muhtar Holland (1935–). Al-Baz publications, Hollywood, Florida. (1997) ISBN 1-882216-16-4.
  • Jalā Al-Khawātir: a collection of forty-five discourses of Shaikh Abd Al-Qādir Al-Jīlānī, the removal of cares. Chapter 23, pg 308. Jalā al-Khawātir, Holland, Muhtar (1935–) (translator). Al-Baz publications, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. (1997) ISBN 1-882216-13-X.
  • The sultan of the saints: mystical life and teachings of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani / Muhammad Riaz Qadiri Qadiri, Muhammad Riyaz. Gujranwala, Abbasi publications. (2000) ISBN 969-8510-16-8.
  • The sublime revelation: al-Fath ar-Rabbānī, a collection of sixty-two discourses / Abd al-Qādir al- Jīlānī, Second edition. al-Rabbānī, al-Fath. Al-Baz publications, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. (1998). ISBN 1-882216-02-4.
  • Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din, (Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion), Parts one and two in Arabic. Al-Qadir, Abd, Al-Gaylani. Dar Al-Hurya, Baghdad, Iraq, (1988).
  • Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din, (Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion.) in Arabic. Introduced by Al-Kilani, Majid Irsan. Dar Al-Khair, Damascus, Bairut, (2005).
  • Encyclopædia Iranica, Bibliotheca Persica PresS, ISBN 1-56859-050-4.
  • Geography of the Baz Ahhab second reading in the biography of Sheikh Abdul Qadir Gilani, and the birthplace of his birth according to the methodology of scientific research (MA in Islamic History from Baghdad University in 2001) of Iraqi researcher Jamal al-Din Faleh Kilani, review and submission of the historian Emad Abdulsalam Rauf،Publishe Dar Baz Publishing, United States of America, 2016, translated by Sayed Wahid Al-Qadri Aref.

References

  1. ^ W. Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R Gibb, J.H.Kramers, E. Levi-Provencal, J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 69;"authorities are unanimous in stating that he was a Persian from Nayf (Nif) in Djilan, south of the Caspian Sea."
  2. John Renard, The A to Z of Sufism. p 142. ISBN 081086343X
  3. Juan Eduardo Campo, Encyclopedia of Islam, p. 288. ISBN 1438126964
  4. ^ 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani at the Encyclopædia Britannica
  5. ^ The works of Shaykh Umar Eli of Somalia of al-Tariqat al-Qadiriyyah.
  6. Mihr-e-munīr: biography of Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh pg 21, Muhammad Fādil Khān, Faid Ahmad. Sajjadah Nashinan of Golra Sharif, Islamabad (1998).
  7. Encyclopaedia of religion and ethics: volume 1. (A – Art). Part 1. (A – Algonquins) pg 10. Hastings, James and Selbie, John A. Adamant Media corporation. (2001), "and he was probably of Persian origin."
  8. The Sufi orders in Islam, 2nd edition, pg 32. Triingham, J. Spencer and Voll, John O. Oxford University Press US, (1998), "The Hanafi Qadirriya is also included since 'Abd al-Qadir, of Persian origin was contemporary of the other two."
  9. Devotional Islam and politics in British India: Ahmad Riza Khan Barelwi and his movement, 1870–1920, pg 144, Sanyal, Usha Oxford University Press US, 19 August 1999. ISBN 0-19-564862-5 ISBN 978-0-19-564862-1.
  10. Cultural and religious heritage of India: Islam pg 321. Sharma, Suresh K. (2004)
  11. Indo-iranica pg 7. The Iran Society, Calcutta, India. (1985).
  12. Historical and political who's who of Afghanistan. p 177. Adamec, Ludwig W. (1975)
  13. ^ "Abdul Qadir Gilani" at Encyclopædia Iranica
  14. "Sulook organisation website" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2010-02-19.
  15. Mihr-e-munīr: biography of Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh pg 27, Khān, Muhammad Fādil and Ahmad, Faid. Sajjadah Nashinan of Golra Sharif, Islamabad. (1997)
  16. Encyclopaedia of Sufism, volume 1, Kahn, Masood Ali and Ram, S.
  17. Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). "Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani". Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. p. 4. ISBN 9781438126968.
  18. ^ Gibb, H.A.R.; Kramers, J.H.; Levi-Provencal, E.; Schacht, J. (1986). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. I (A-B) (New ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 69. ISBN 978-9004081147.
  19. Malise Ruthven, Islam in the World, p 243. ISBN 0195305035
  20. Esposito J. L. The Oxford dictionary of Islam. p160. ISBN 0199757267
  21. Vidyajyoti Institute of Religious Studies (1989). Islam in India, Volume 4. Vikas Publishing House. p. 219.
  22. "Sheikh Abdul Qadir Al Jilani in Folklore". folkculturebh.org. Folk Culture – Bahrain. Archived from the original on 20 Oct 2020.
  23. 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (20 January 2019). Jamal al-Din Faleh al-Kilani (ed.). Futuh al-Ghayb ("Revelations of the Unseen") (in Arabic).
  24. Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion), parts one and two in Arabic, Al-Qadir, Abd and Al-Gilani. Dar Al-Hurya, Baghdad, Iraq, (1988).
  25. Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion) with introduction by Al-Kilani, Majid Irsan. Al-Kilani, Majid, al-Tariqat, 'Ursan, and al-Qadiriyah, Nash'at
  26. A.A. Duri, Baghdad, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, 903.
  27. W. Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, 70.
  28. Shammsuddin, Khawaja (2017-10-22). Baran-e-Rahmat – The Rain of Mercy Part 2. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-326-75227-9.
  29. al-Jīlānī, ʻAbd al-Qādir (2017). Kitab Sirr Al-asrar Wa Mazhar Al-anwar. Kitab Bhavan. ISBN 978-81-7151-388-8.
  30. Al-Qahtani, Sheik Saeed bin Misfer (1997). Sheikh Abdul Qadir Al-Jilani and his Belief and Sufi views (in Arabic). Library of Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah. p. 133.
  31. Al-Jilani, 'Abd Al-Qadir (2019-05-27). Fifteen Letters: Khamsata 'Ashara Maktuban. Islamic Book Trust. ISBN 978-967-0526-14-0.
  32. "A concise description of Jannah & Jahannam, the garden of paradise and the fire of hell: excerpted from 'Sufficient provision for seekers of the Path of Truth (Al-Ghunya li-Tālibi al-Ḥaqq)". WorldCat.org. Retrieved 2022-11-03.

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