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*] (modern-day ]), 1681-1685 under ] <ref>http://www.tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/regents/balkan/transylvania.htm</ref>
*] (modern-day ]), 1681-1685 under ] <ref>http://www.tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/regents/balkan/transylvania.htm</ref>
*] (Lehistan), 1576–86: briefly a nominal vassal state under Ottoman vassal ], Prince of Transylvania<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=fWNpIGNFz0IC&pg=PA730&lpg=PA730&dq=bathory+vassal+murad&source=bl&ots=apUIHnsS1N&sig=PBWZ9HexxdFsgMKlHy2T_hx_dqY&hl=en&ei=fo6vTNLqOcaAlAf0vpzlDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=bathory%20vassal%20murad&f=false |title=E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of ... - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=2010-10-09}}</ref>
*] (Lehistan), 1576–86: briefly a nominal vassal state under Ottoman vassal ], Prince of Transylvania<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=fWNpIGNFz0IC&pg=PA730&lpg=PA730&dq=bathory+vassal+murad&source=bl&ots=apUIHnsS1N&sig=PBWZ9HexxdFsgMKlHy2T_hx_dqY&hl=en&ei=fo6vTNLqOcaAlAf0vpzlDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=bathory%20vassal%20murad&f=false |title=E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of ... - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=2010-10-09}}</ref>
*] 1805–1815; As a result of the ].
*] (Sırbistan Prensliği), 1817–1830; further autonomy 1833-1878
*] (Sırbistan Prensliği), 1817–1830; further autonomy 1833-1878
Vassal States were a number of tributary or vassal states, usually on the periphery of the Ottoman Empire under suzerainty of the Porte, over which direct control was not established, for various reasons.
Some states within the eyalet system included sancakbeys who were local to their sanjak or who inherited their position (e.g., Samtskhe, some Kurdish sanjaks), areas that were permitted to elect their own leaders (e.g., areas of Albania, Epirus, and Morea (Mani Peninsula was nominally a part of Aegean Islands Province but Maniot beys were tributary vassals of the Porte.)), or de facto independent eyalets (e.g., the Barbaresque 'regencies' Algiers, Tunis, Tripolitania in the Maghreb, and later the Khedivate of Egypt).
Outside the eyalet system were states such as Moldavia, Wallachia and Transylvania which paid tribute to the Ottomans and over which the Porte had the right to nominate or depose the ruler, garrison rights, and foreign policy control.
Some states such as Ragusa paid tribute for the entirety of their territory and recognized Ottoman suzerainty.
Others such as the sharif of Mecca recognized Ottoman suzerainty but were subsidized by the Porte.
There were also secondary vassals such as the Nogai Horde and the Circassians who were (at least nominally) vassals of the khans of Crimea, or some Berbers and Arabs who paid tribute to the North African beylerbeyis, who were in turn Ottoman vassals themselves.
Other states paid tribute for possessions that were legally bound to the Ottoman Empire but not possessed by the Ottomans such as the Habsburgs for parts of Royal Hungary or Venice for Zante.
Other tribute from foreign powers included a kind of “protection money” sometimes called a horde tax (similar to the Danegeld) paid by Russia or the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was usually paid to the Ottoman vassal khans of Crimea rather than to the Ottoman sultan directly.
List
Map showing some vassal states of the Ottoman Empire in 1683
Principality of Samos (Sisam), 1835–1912: established as an autonomous tributary principality under a Christian governor; annexed to Greece during the First Balkan War
Eastern Rumelia (Doğu Rumeli), 1878–1885: established by the Treaty of Berlin on 13 July 1878 as an autonomous province; joined to the tributary Principality of Bulgaria on 6 September 1885 but remained de jure under Ottoman suzerainty; independent along with the rest of Bulgaria on 5 October 1908.
Cyprus (Kıbrıs), 1878–1914: established as a British protectorate under Ottoman suzerainty with the Cyprus Convention of 4 June 1878; annexed by Britain upon Ottoman entry into World War I.
Cretan State (Girit), 1898–1912/13: established as an internationally supervised tributary state headed by a Christian governor; in 1908 the Cretan parliament unilaterally declared union with Greece; the island was occupied by Greece in 1912, and de jure annexed in 1913
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