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Russian legislative election, 2011

← 2007 4 December 2011 2016 →
All 450 seats to the State Duma 226 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	60.1%
First party Second party   Leader Dmitry Medvedev Gennady Zyuganov Party United Russia CPRF Leader since 16 April 2008 14 February 1993 Leader's seat party list (№ 1) party list (№ 1) Last election 64.30% 11.57% Seats before 315 57 Seats won 238 92 Seat change 77 35 Percentage 49.32% 19.19%   Third party Fourth party   Leader Sergey Mironov Vladimir Zhirinovsky Party SR LDPR Leader since 16 April 2011 12 April 1991 Leader's seat party list (№ 1) party list (№ 1) Last election 7.74% 8.14% Seats before 38 40 Seats won 64 56 Seat change 26 16 Percentage 13.24% 11.67%
Chairman before election Boris Gryzlov United Russia Chairman-designate TBD

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v t e

Legislative elections were held in Russia on 4 December 2011. At stake were the 450 seats in the State Duma, the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (the legislature). United Russia won the elections with a 49.32% share of votes (238 seats; 52.88% of Duma seats), down from 64.30% (70% of seats) in the 2007 elections. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation received 19.19% (92 seats), while the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia got 11.67% (56 seats) and A Just Russia 13.24% (64 seats). Other parties did not cross the 7% election threshold, and the list of parties in the parliament did not change.

The final result of the United Russia almost coincided with its exit-poll result on the day of elections, which was 48,5%, and was within the interval of 46-53% forecasted by sociologists prior to the elections. The party lost two-thirds constitutional majority, but still won an absolute majority. The Communist Party, Liberal Democratic Party and A Just Russia all got a higher level of representation in the parliament compared to the previous 2007 elections.

Elections received various assessments from abroad: positive from the Commonwealth of Independent States observers, mixed from the OSCE and critical from some EU representatives and the United States. The overall results were not challenged in court by any party which participated in the election, but reports of election fraud and voter discontent with the current government have led to major protests particularly in Moscow and Saint Petersburg. The government and United Russia were in their turn supported by rallies of the youth organizations Nashi, Young Guard and others.

Regulations

The threshold for eligibility to win seats is 7.0 percent. In addition, a party which receives between 5.0 and 6.0 percent will get 1 seat in the Duma and those which receive between 6.0 and 7.0 percent will get 2 seats.

Political parties

All seven registered political parties were approved to participate in the elections. Parties which were present in the State Duma (United Russia, Communist Party, Liberal Democratic Party and A Just Russia) were automatically eligible to participate in the elections. Other parties needed to present at least 150,000 signatures (with a maximum of 5000 signatures per region) to the Central Electoral Commission before 19 October.

Campaigning

Opinion polling

Alleged foreign involvement

The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (December 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

In the pre-election campaigning period the GOLOS Association watchdog was the largest organisation, independent from participating parties, that reported on violations in the campaigning, setting up an online service to collect violations. Golos recorded 5,300 complaints regarding violations of electoral law. Most of the violations were linked to United Russia and about a third of the complaints were from state employees and students about being pressured by their employers/professors to vote for United Russia.

On 1 December 2011 prosecutors in Moscow served GOLOS with papers alleging the organisation had portrayed an unnamed political party in a bad light. The unnamed party has been identified as being United Russia. On 2 November a Moscow court fined GOLOS 30 000 roubles (about 1000 USD) for violations of the electoral law of Russia.

On 8 December the Life News portal claimed it had received access to 60 Mb of correspondence between GOLOS administration and USAID (a federal government agency of the United States), and correspondence between GOLOS administration and its activists. The correspondence showed that GOLOS had sent reports to USAID on how the money they received from USAID was spent. Also the correspondence showed that activists received money for working on every report about a violation. Earlier, on 2 December NTV showed an investigative documentary film, "Голос ниоткуда" (Golos niotkuda, translated as "Voice from nowhere" or "Vote from nowhere"), in which the GOLOS Association was accused of making propaganda paid for with the foreign money, in particular from the United States.

Results

United Russia won the elections with a 49.32% share of votes (238 seats; 52.88% of Duma seats), down from 64.30% (70% of seats) in the 2007 elections. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation received 19.19% (92 seats), while the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia got 11.67% (56 seats) and A Just Russia 13.24% (64 seats). Other parties did not cross the 7% election threshold, and the list of parties in the parliament did not change.

United Russia lost two-thirds constitutional majority, but still won an absolute majority. The Communist Party, Liberal Democratic Party and A Just Russia all got a higher level of representation in the parliament compared to the previous 2007 elections.

Template:Russian legislative election, 2011

Electoral irregularities and assessment

During and after the election there were various reports in the international media and local independent websites concerning serious irregularities during the election including ballot stuffing, misuse of state resources, media bias and lack of impartiality by the election commission. According to the Russian state-owned news agency RIA Novosti, there were more than 1,100 official reports of election irregularities across the country, including vote fraud, obstruction of observers and illegal campaigning.

Reports by international observers

International observers from the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) witnessed numerous violations of electoral law. They found that whilst the preparations for the elections were technically well administered, they were marked by a "convergence of the State and the governing party". They witnessed "undue interference of state authorities", "partiality of most media" and "lack of independence of the election administration". The denial of registration to some political parties narrowed political competition according to the OSCE. The OCSE concluded that "This..did not provide the necessary conditions for fair electoral competition." However, international observers from the Commonwealth of Independent States reported that the elections "were held legally and without serious violations."

Reports by participating parties

Members of the A Just Russia, Yabloko and Communist parties reported that voters were shuttled between multiple polling stations to cast several ballots. The Yabloko and Liberal Democratic parties reported that some of their observers had been banned from witnessing the sealing of the ballot boxes and from gathering video footage, and some were groundlessly expelled from polling stations. The ruling United Russia party alleged that the opposition parties had engaged in illegal campaigning by distributing leaflets and newspapers at polling stations and that at some polling stations the voters had been ordered to vote for the Communist party with threats of violence.

Reports by independent groups and observers

At a number polling stations throughout the country, observers reported that final results published by the Central Election Commission differed drastically from results recorded by observers, with the "official" numbers sometimes showing the United Russia vote inflated by a factor of two or three.

In Moscow city, the opposition activist group "Citizen Observer" estimated that United Russia had stolen 17% of the popular vote from other parties.

In Saint Petersburg, an attempt by an independent activist group "Right to elect" ("Право выбора") to register all differences between observers protocols and the data by the Central Election Commission shows that comparable shares of differences in votes were in favour not only of the United Russia, but of CPRF and LDPR parties as well (2.68%, 1.49% and 2.67% respectively as of the data on 13th December).

Comparison with exit polls and forecasts

The final result of the United Russia, which was 49.32%, almost coincided with its exit-poll result on the day of elections, which was 48,5%, and was within the interval of 46-53% forecasted by sociologists prior to the elections.

The Election Commission reported that United Russia was also the leader in Moscow, with 46.5% of the vote. However, one early exit poll indicated that the share of United Russia was only 27%. The difference was attributed by some journalists to election fraud. The organization that provided the 27% figure subsequently withdrew its estimate, citing its low accuracy.

Official reaction to the reports on irregularities

According to Vladimir Putin's Press Secretary Dmitry Peskov, the known accumulated volume of all reports on falsifications affects no more than 0.5% of total votes, and this could not be a basis to reconsider the results of the elections.

Russia's President Dmitry Medvedev called for an investigation of all reports on irregularities, but voiced his disagreement with slogans and calls by the protesters on the post-election meetings.

Yury Chaika, the Prosecutor General of Russia, said that the data on falsifications will be analyzed, but said also that violations were local and didn't affect the overall result, and that there is no reason to cancel the results of the elections.

Statistical analysis

Attempts by physicist Sergey Shpilkin to a statistical analysis of data at the polling station level indicated a non-Gaussian distribution of voter turnout levels and significant positive correlations between voter turnout and the share of United Russia, possibly indicative of ballot stuffing, among other explanations. The supposition of Gaussian distribution was criticized by sociologist Aleksey Grazhdankin, a Deputy Director of Levada Center (top independent non-governmental polling and sociological research organisation in Russia).

Mathematician Sergey Kuznetsov, a laureate of the ICM, disproves the analysis and conclusions of Shpilkin and other representatives of the "Gauss against Churov" approach, citing mathematical inaccuracies and mismanagement of facts by Shpilkin and others and explaining that normal Gaussian distribution is irrelevant to votes distribution due to the large regional differences in Russia (poor and rich regions, ethnic Russian majority and ethnic minorities regions all vote differently). Finally, Kuznetsov cites the distributions of votes on the elections in the United Kingdom, which are also non-Gaussian (and even more so than in Russia) and show a stronger correlation between the turnout and the shares of votes.

Aleksey Grazhdankin also cites regional differences and the existence of the so called "electoral enclaves" in Russia, which vote very differently from the surrounding areas, often because the recent rise of the quality of life in such enclaves is associated with the actions of the authorities. Grazhdankin says he does not believe the graphs with non-Gaussian distribution to be the testament of falsifications and cites the lack of large scale reaction from the opponents of falsification version, despite making a proper analysis is very easy for an expert in mathematics.

Other irregularities

Various Russian liberal news websites reported experiencing denial of service attacks on the day of the election.

Reactions

 United States: Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said on a trip to Vienna that Russia's elections were "neither free, nor fair" and that there were "serious concerns" about the fairness of the election. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia called Clinton's and other U.S. officials' comments "unacceptable", and criticized the American support of "stereotypes" and the "placement of labels" without proper attempts at a serious analysis of the electoral situation in Russia. The Ministry also criticized the United States' own electoral system.

 Russia: Vladimir Putin said that Hillary Clinton "set the tone for some opposition activists" to act "in accordance with a well-known scenario and in their own mercenary political interests". He said that "it is unacceptable when foreign money is pumped into election processes" and that Russia's sovereignty should be defended from foreign interference. Putin also claimed that elections in the U. S. are much less liberal than in Russia and less open to independent observers.

 Russia: President Dmitry Medvedev has called for an investigation into the alleged fraud, but played down concerns, stating that "It’s time to give the new parliament a chance to work and, of course, to investigate everything that happened."

Mikhail Gorbachev, the final Soviet leader, has called for new elections and stated that the election was slanted in favor of United Russia. He has demanded a rerun, stating: "The country's leaders must admit there were numerous falsifications and rigging and the results do not reflect the peoples' will." He added: "I think can only take one decision - annul the results of the election and hold a new one."

Protests and support rallies

On November, 4th, 2011, a month before elections, during the annual "Russian March" event representatives of "The Russians" movement have declared a forthcoming protest action which should have begun on the election day after polling districts will be closed.

As there was no official rally permit, the action by nationalist movement "The Russians" was unapproved and took place on December 4 at 21.00 in Moscow. The statement of non-recognition of electoral results has been widely spread. Сitizens were called upon to create self-governing institutions which reflect national interests as well as being informed on the nature of falsifications and frauds that occurred during the elections. Alexander Belov declared the beginning of the «Putin, go away!» campaign. The protest action in which several hundreds persons participated, has resulted in running battles with riot police. Leaders of "The Russians" movement Alexander Belov, Dmitry Dyomushkin, George Borovikov and dozens of other nationalists have been arrested. The head of the banned DPNI organization Vladimir Yermolaev has been detained directly at voting station where he was an observer. Also, mass detentions of the other public organizations have occurred in Moscow. According to police some 258 persons have been detained.

On 5 December, opponents of the government began protesting in Moscow, numbering up to 8,000, denouncing Vladimir Putin and his government and what they believed were flawed elections. Campaigners argued that the elections had been a sham and demanded that Putin step down, whilst some demanded revolution.

On 6 December, 15,000 pro United Russia activists marched near Red Square with 2000 gathering in a different downtown location, while 5,000 people marched in protest at the same time. Truck loads of soldiers and police, as well as a water cannon, were deployed ahead of expected anti government protests. 300 protesters were arrested in Moscow the night before, along with 120 in St. Petersburg. During the night of 6 December, at least 600 protesters were reported to be in Triumphalnaya Square chanting slogans against Putin, whilst anti government protesters at Revolution Square near the Kremlin clashed with riot police and interior ministry troops, with the police chasing around 100 away, arresting some. Protest numbers later reached over 1,000 at Triumphalnaya Square and dozens were arrested, including Boris Nemtsov, an opposition leader and former deputy prime minister, and Alexey Navalny, a top blogger and activist.

The government and United Russia were supported by massive meetings of the youth organizations, such as a 15,000-strong rally of Nashi and an 8,000 rally of the Young Guard on December 6. On 12th December, the 18th anniversary of the Constitution of Russia, a meeting of pro-Kremlin groups supported Putin and United Russia and celebrated the Constitution.

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External links

• WCIOM
• FOM

v t e Elections and referendums in Russia
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Referendums	1991 1993 (Apr) 1993 (Dec) 2020
See also: By-elections to the State Duma

• Misplaced Pages neutral point of view disputes from December 2011
• Use dmy dates from December 2011
• 2011 elections in Russia