List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 20:19, 13 August 2015

The list below includes all entities falling even partially under any of the various common definitions of Europe, geographical or political. Fifty six sovereign states, six of which have limited recognition, are listed with territory in Europe and/or membership in international European organisations. There are eight areas that are not integral parts of a European state or have special political status.

Definition of Europe as a continent

Main articles: Europe and Boundaries between continents

Under the commonly used geographic definition, the border between Asia and Europe stretches along the Ural Mountains, Ural River, and Caspian Sea in the east, the Greater Caucasus range and the Black Sea, with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles, in the south. Based on that division, transcontinental states Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey have territory both in Europe and Asia.

The island of Cyprus in West Asia is approximate to Anatolia (or Asia Minor) and is on the Anatolian Plate but is often considered part of Europe as a current member of the European Union (EU). Armenia is entirely in West Asia also but is a member of certain European organisations. Sometimes Israel considered as part geopolitical Europe also.

Although the Mediterranean Sea provides a clearer divide between Africa and Europe, some traditionally European islands such as Malta , Sicily, Pantelleria and the Pelagian Islands are located on the African continental plate. The island of Iceland is part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, straddling the Eurasian Plate and the North American Plate.

Some territories geographically outside Europe have strong connections with European states. Greenland has socio-political connections with Europe and is part of the Kingdom of Denmark, but is grouped with the continent of North America.

Other territories are part of European countries but are geographically located in other continents, such as the French overseas departments, the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla on the coast of Africa, and the Dutch Caribbean territories of Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius.

Sovereign states

A sovereign state is a political association with effective sovereignty over a population for whom it makes decisions in the national interest. According to the Montevideo convention, a state must have a permanent population, a defined territory, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states.

Recognized states

There are 50 internationally recognized sovereign states with territory located within the common definition of Europe and/or membership in international European organisations, of which 44 have their capital city within Europe. All except the Vatican City are members of the United Nations (UN), and all except Belarus, Kazakhstan and Vatican City are members of the Council of Europe. Since 2013, 28 of these countries are also member states of the EU, which means they are highly integrated with each other and share their sovereignty with EU institutions.

Each entry in the list below has a map of its location in Europe. Territory in Europe is shown in dark-green; territory not geographically in Europe is shown in a lighter shade of green. The lightest shade of green represents states in the EU and is shown on the maps of all territories within the EU.

*	= Member of the EU

English short and formal names	Domestic short and formal names	Capital	Population	Area
Albania Republic of Albania	Template:Lang-sq	Tirana Template:Lang-sq	3,020,209	28,748 km (11,100 sq mi)
Andorra Principality of Andorra	Template:Lang-ca	Andorra la Vella Template:Lang-ca	85,458	468 km (181 sq mi)
Armenia Republic of Armenia	Template:Lang-hy (Hayastan — Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun)	Yerevan Template:Lang-hy (Yerevan)	3,060,631	29,743 km (11,484 sq mi)
Austria* Republic of Austria	Template:Lang-de	Vienna Template:Lang-de	8,223,062	83,871 km (32,383 sq mi)
Azerbaijan Republic of Azerbaijan	Template:Lang-az	Baku Template:Lang-az	9,686,210	86,600 km (33,436 sq mi)
Belarus Republic of Belarus	Template:Lang-be Template:Lang-ru (Bielarus' — Respublika Belaruś)	Minsk Template:Lang-be (Minsk)	9,608,058	207,600 km (80,155 sq mi)
Belgium* Kingdom of Belgium	Template:Lang-de Template:Lang-fr Template:Lang-nl	Brussels Template:Lang-de Template:Lang-fr Template:Lang-nl	11,239,755	30,528 km (11,787 sq mi)
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian Latin: Bosna i Hercegovina Bosnian, Serbian Cyrillic: Босна и Херцеговина	Sarajevo Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian Latin: Sarajevo Bosnian, Serbian Cyrillic: Сарајево	3,871,643	51,197 km (19,767 sq mi)
Bulgaria* Republic of Bulgaria	Template:Lang-bg (Bǎlgarija — Republika Bǎlgarija)	Sofia Template:Lang-bg (Sofia)	6,924,716	110,879 km (42,811 sq mi)
Croatia* Republic of Croatia	Template:Lang-hr	Zagreb Template:Lang-hr	4,470,534	56,594 km (21,851 sq mi)
Cyprus* Republic of Cyprus	Template:Lang-el (Kýpros — Kypriakí Dimokratí) Template:Lang-tr	Nicosia Template:Lang-el (Lefkosia) Template:Lang-tr	1,172,458	9,251 km (3,572 sq mi)
Czech Republic*	Template:Lang-cs	Prague Template:Lang-cs	10,538,275	78,867 km (30,451 sq mi)
Denmark* Kingdom of Denmark	Template:Lang-da	Copenhagen Template:Lang-da	5,569,077	43,094 km (16,639 sq mi)
Estonia* Republic of Estonia	Template:Lang-et	Tallinn Template:Lang-et	1,257,921	45,228 km (17,463 sq mi)
Finland* Republic of Finland	Template:Lang-fi Template:Lang-sv	Helsinki Template:Lang-fi Template:Lang-sv	5,268,799	338,145 km (130,559 sq mi)
France* French Republic	Template:Lang-fr	Paris Template:Lang-fr	66,259,012	643,427 km (248,429 sq mi)
Georgia	Georgian: საქართველო (Sak'art'velo)	Tbilisi / T'bilisi Georgian: თბილისი (T'bilisi)	4,935,880	69,700 km (26,911 sq mi)
Germany* Federal Republic of Germany	Template:Lang-de	Berlin Template:Lang-de	80,996,685	357,022 km (137,847 sq mi)
Greece* Hellenic Republic	Template:Lang-el (Ellás — Elliniki Dimokratia)	Athens Template:Lang-el (Athína)	10,816,286	131,957 km (50,949 sq mi)
Hungary*	Template:Lang-hu	Budapest Template:Lang-hu	9,919,128	93,028 km (35,918 sq mi)
Iceland Republic of Iceland	Template:Lang-is	Reykjavík Template:Lang-is	317,351	103,000 km (39,769 sq mi)
Ireland*	Template:Lang-en Template:Lang-ga	Dublin Template:Lang-en Template:Lang-ga	4,832,765	70,273 km (27,133 sq mi)
Italy* Italian Republic	Template:Lang-it	Rome Template:Lang-it	61,680,122	301,340 km (116,348 sq mi)
Kazakhstan Republic of Kazakhstan	Template:Lang-kk (Qazaqstan — Qazaqstan Respūblīkasy) Template:Lang-ru (Kazahstan — Respublika Kazahstan)	Astana Template:Lang-kk Template:Lang-ru (Astana)	17,948,816	2,724,900 km (1,052,090 sq mi)
Latvia* Republic of Latvia	Template:Lang-lv	Riga Template:Lang-lv	2,165,165	64,589 km (24,938 sq mi)
Liechtenstein Principality of Liechtenstein	Template:Lang-de	Vaduz Template:Lang-de	37,313	160 km (62 sq mi)
Lithuania* Republic of Lithuania	Template:Lang-lt	Vilnius Template:Lang-lt	2,943,472	65,300 km (25,212 sq mi)
Luxembourg* Grand Duchy of Luxembourg	Template:Lang-de Template:Lang-fr Template:Lang-lb	Luxembourg Template:Lang-de Template:Lang-fr Template:Lang-lb	520,672	2,586 km (998 sq mi)
Republic of Macedonia Republic of Macedonia	Template:Lang-mk (Makedonija — Republika Makedonija)	Skopje Template:Lang-mk (Skopje)	2,091,719	25,713 km (9,928 sq mi)
Malta* Republic of Malta	Template:Lang-en Template:Lang-mt	Valletta Template:Lang-en Template:Lang-mt	412,655	316 km (122 sq mi)
Moldova Republic of Moldova	Template:Lang-ro	Chișinău Template:Lang-ro	3,583,288	33,851 km (13,070 sq mi)
Monaco Principality of Monaco	Template:Lang-fr	Monaco Template:Lang-fr	30,508	2 km (0.8 sq mi)
Montenegro	Montenegrin: Црна Гора (Crna Gora)	Podgorica Montenegrin: Подгорица (Podgorica)	650,036	13,812 km (5,333 sq mi)
Netherlands* Kingdom of the Netherlands	Template:Lang-nl	Amsterdam (capital) The Hague (seat of government) Template:Lang-nl Template:Lang-nl	16,877,351	41,543 km (16,040 sq mi)
Norway Kingdom of Norway	Template:Lang-nb Template:Lang-nn	Oslo Template:Lang-nb	5,147,792	323,802 km (125,021 sq mi)
Poland* Republic of Poland	Template:Lang-pl	Warsaw Template:Lang-pl	38,346,279	312,685 km (120,728 sq mi)
Portugal* Portuguese Republic	Template:Lang-pt	Lisbon Template:Lang-pt	10,427,301	92,090 km (35,556 sq mi)
Romania*	Template:Lang-ro	Bucharest Template:Lang-ro	21,729,871	238,391 km (92,043 sq mi)
Russia Russian Federation	Template:Lang-ru (Rossija — Rossijskaja Federacija)	Moscow Template:Lang-ru (Moskva)	146,267,288	17,098,242 km (6,601,668 sq mi)
San Marino Republic of San Marino	Template:Lang-it	San Marino Template:Lang-it	32,742	61 km (24 sq mi)
Serbia Republic of Serbia	Template:Lang-sr	Belgrade Template:Lang-sr	7,209,764	88,361 km (34,116 sq mi)
Slovakia* Slovak Republic	Template:Lang-sk	Bratislava Template:Lang-sk	5,443,583	49,035 km (18,933 sq mi)
Slovenia* Republic of Slovenia	Template:Lang-sl	Ljubljana Template:Lang-sl	1,988,292	20,273 km (7,827 sq mi)
Spain* Kingdom of Spain	Template:Lang-es Template:Lang-ca Template:Lang-eu	Madrid Template:Lang-es	47,737,941	505,370 km (195,124 sq mi)
Sweden* Kingdom of Sweden	Template:Lang-sv	Stockholm Template:Lang-sv	9,723,809	450,295 km (173,860 sq mi)
Switzerland Swiss Confederation	Template:Lang-de Template:Lang-fr Template:Lang-it Template:Lang-rm	Bern / Berne Template:Lang-de Template:Lang-fr Template:Lang-it	8,061,516	41,277 km (15,937 sq mi)
Turkey Republic of Turkey	Template:Lang-tr	Ankara Template:Lang-tr	76,667,864	783,562 km (302,535 sq mi)
Ukraine	Template:Lang-uk (Ukraina)	Kiev Template:Lang-uk (Kyiv)	44,291,413	603,550 km (233,032 sq mi)
United Kingdom* United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	Template:Lang-en	London Template:Lang-en	63,742,977	243,610 km (94,058 sq mi)
Vatican City Vatican City State Holy See	Template:Lang-it Template:Lang-la	Vatican City Template:Lang-it	842	0.44 km (0.17 sq mi)

States with limited recognition

The following six entities in Europe have partial diplomatic recognition by one or more UN member states (and therefore are defined as states by the constitutive theory of statehood) or have no diplomatic recognition by any UN member state but are defined as states by the declarative theory of statehood and are recognised by one or more Non-UN member states. None are members of the UN, Council of Europe or EU.

English short and formal names	Status	Domestic short and formal names	Capital	Population	Area
Abkhazia Republic of Abkhazia	Claimed as an autonomous republic of Georgia. Recognised by four UN states.	Template:Lang-ab (Apsny) Template:Lang-ru (Abhazia)	Sukhumi Template:Lang-ab (Akwa) Template:Lang-ru	250,000	8,660 km (3,344 sq mi)
Kosovo Republic of Kosovo	Recognised by 114 UN member states; Serbia does not recognise the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence, and along with the rest of UN members, considers it as an autonomous province.	Template:Lang-sq Template:Lang-sr	Pristina Template:Lang-sq Template:Lang-sr	1,836,529	10,887 km (4,203 sq mi)
Nagorno-Karabakh Nagorno-Karabakh Republic	Claimed as part of Azerbaijan. De facto independent state, recognised by 3 non-UN states.	Template:Lang-hy (Lernayin Gharabaghi — Lernayin Gharabaghi Hanrapetut’yun)	Stepanakert Template:Lang-hy (Khankendi)	141,400	7,000 km (2,703 sq mi)
Northern Cyprus Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	Claimed as part of the Republic of Cyprus. Recognised by Turkey.	Template:Lang-tr	Nicosia Template:Lang-tr	294,906	3,355 km (1,295 sq mi)
Transnistria / Trans-Dniester Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic	Claimed as a territorial unit of Moldova. De facto independent state, recognised by 3 non-UN states.	Template:Lang-mo (Transnistria — Republica Moldovenească Nistreană) Template:Lang-ru (Pridnestrov'ye — Pridnestrovskaya Moldavskaya Respublika) Template:Lang-uk (Prydnistrov'ya — Pridnistrovs'ka Moldavs'ka Respublika)	Tiraspol Template:Lang-mo Template:Lang-ru Template:Lang-uk	530,000	3,500 km (1,351 sq mi)
South Ossetia Republic of South Ossetia	Claimed as part of Georgia. Recognised by four UN states.	Template:Lang-os (Khussar Iryston — Respublikæ Khussar Iryston) Template:Lang-ru (Yuzhnaya Osetiya — Respublika Yuzhnaya Osetiya)	Tskhinvali Template:Lang-os (Chreba)	70,000	3,900 km (1,506 sq mi)

Dependent territories

The following six European entities are dependent territories.

*	= Part of the EU, although there may be special arrangements

English short and formal names	Legal status	Domestic short and formal names	Capital	Population	Area
Akrotiri and Dhekelia Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia	British overseas territory	Template:Lang-en	Episkopi Cantonment Template:Lang-en	15,700	254 km (98 sq mi)
Faroe Islands / Faeroe Islands	Constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark	Template:Lang-fo Template:Lang-da	Tórshavn Template:Lang-fo Template:Lang-da	49,947	1,393 km (538 sq mi)
Gibraltar*	British overseas territory	Template:Lang-en	Gibraltar Template:Lang-en	29,185	6.5 km (2.5 sq mi)
Guernsey Bailiwick of Guernsey	Crown Dependency of The Crown in Right of the United Kingdom	Template:Lang-en Template:Lang-fr Guernésiais: Guernesey — Bailliage de Guernesey	Saint Peter Port Template:Lang-en Template:Lang-fr Guernésiais: Saint Pierre Port	65,849	78 km (30 sq mi)
Isle of Man	Crown Dependency of The Crown in Right of the United Kingdom	Template:Lang-en Template:Lang-gv	Douglas Template:Lang-en Template:Lang-gv	86,866	572 km (221 sq mi)
Jersey Bailiwick of Jersey	Crown Dependency of The Crown in Right of the United Kingdom	Template:Lang-en Template:Lang-fr Jèrriais: Jèrri — Bailliage de Jèrri	Saint Helier Template:Lang-en Template:Lang-fr Jèrriais: Saint Hélyi	96,513	118 km (46 sq mi)

Special areas of internal sovereignty

The following places are considered integral parts of their controlling state, but have a political arrangement which was decided through an international agreement.

*	= Part of the EU, although there may be special arrangements

English short and formal names	Legal status	Domestic short and formal names	Capital	Population	Area
Åland* Åland Islands	Self-governing area of Finland, significant autonomy as the result of the Åland crisis	Template:Lang-sv	Mariehamn Template:Lang-sv	27,500	6,787 km (2,620 sq mi)
Northern Ireland	Part of the United Kingdom, devolved government determined by the Good Friday Agreement	Northern Ireland*	Belfast	1,810,863	14,130 km (5,456 sq mi)
Svalbard	Special territory of Norway, determined by the Svalbard Treaty	Template:Lang-nb	Longyearbyen Template:Lang-nb	2,019	62,045 km (23,956 sq mi)
Scotland	Part of the United Kingdom, devolved government	Alba	Edinburgh	5,327,700	78,387 km (30,265 sq mi)

Notes

^ Area and population numbers include integral areas located outside of Europe. The area and population of states with separatist regions includes that of the separatist regions.
^ Part of Transcaucasian Region, at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. Physiographically, Armenia falls entirely in Western Asia, while Georgia and Azerbaijan are mostly in Asia with small portions north of the Caucasus Mountains divide in Europe.
^ The island of Cyprus is located on the Cyprian arc on the edge of the Asian Anatolian Plate and is physiographically associated with Asia, but it is part of European organisations such as the EU.
The terms Republic of Ireland and Poblacht na hÉireann are not official long names and are used only as a legal description meant to differentiate the state from the island.
^ Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkey have territory in both Europe (dark green) and Asia (light green).
^ Denmark and the Netherlands are constituent countries of the Kingdom of Denmark and the Kingdom of the Netherlands respectively. Both are members of the EU; however, the other constituent countries of their kingdoms are not. In international organisations, the terms Denmark and Netherlands are often used as short forms of their respective kingdoms as a whole.
The Netherlands is also known as "Holland", but this is the improper name of the whole country as it refers only to a small region inside the country. See Netherlands (terminology).
^ The United Kingdom consists of the countries of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The UK is responsible for the foreign relations and ultimate good governance of the Crown dependencies of Guernsey, the Isle of Man and Jersey, which are otherwise separate. The mainlands of England, Scotland and Wales make up the island of Great Britain (or simply Britain), which is sometimes used synonymously with the United Kingdom.
^ EU candidate country.

References

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Countries and dependencies of Europe

Sovereign states

States with limited
recognition

Dependent
territories

Denmark

Faroe Islands
- autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark

United Kingdom

Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Sovereign Base Areas) Gibraltar (British Overseas Territory)
Crown Dependencies	Bailiwick of Guernsey Alderney Guernsey Sark Bailiwick of Jersey Isle of Man

Special areas
of internal
sovereignty

Finland	Åland (autonomous region subject to the Åland convention of 1921)
Norway	Svalbard (unincorporated area subject to the Svalbard Treaty)
United Kingdom	England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland (country of the United Kingdom subject to the British-Irish Agreement)

Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.
Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.
Oceanic islands within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.
Governed by the Holy See which has sovereignty over Vatican City.

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