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| ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.android.com/history/#/jellybean|title=Android - History|website=Android|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514051830/https://www.android.com/history/#/jellybean|archivedate=2017-05-14|df=}}</ref>|| 4.1 – 4.3.1 || July 9, 2012 || 16 – 18 || Unsupported | ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.android.com/history/#/jellybean|title=Android - History|website=Android|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514051830/https://www.android.com/history/#/jellybean|archivedate=2017-05-14|df=}}</ref>|| 4.1 – 4.3.1 || July 9, 2012 || 16 – 18 || Unsupported
|- |-
| ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.android.com/history/#/kitkat|title=Android - History|website=Android|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514051830/https://www.android.com/history/#/kitkat|archivedate=2017-05-14|df=}}</ref>|| 4.4 – 4.4.4 || October 31, 2013 || 19 – 20|| Supported;<ref>{{cite web |first1=Adrian |last1=Ludwig |first2=Mel |last2=Miller |title=Diverse protections for a diverse ecosystem: Android Security 2016 Year in Review |url=https://security.googleblog.com/2017/03/diverse-protections-for-diverse.html |quote=<!--More than 735 million devices from 200+ manufacturers received a platform security update in 2016. -->We released monthly Android security updates throughout the year for devices running Android 4.4.4 and up—that accounts for 86.3 percent of all active Android devices worldwide.<!-- | ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.android.com/history/#/kitkat|title=Android - History|website=Android|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514051830/https://www.android.com/history/#/kitkat|archivedate=2017-05-14|df=}}</ref>|| 4.4 – 4.4.4 || October 31, 2013 || 19 – 20|| Supported;<ref>{{cite web |first1=Adrian |last1=Ludwig |first2=Mel |last2=Miller |title=Diverse protections for a diverse ecosystem: Android Security 2016 Year in Review |url=https://security.googleblog.com/2017/03/diverse-protections-for-diverse.html |quote=<!--More than 735 million devices from 200+ manufacturers received a platform security update in 2016. -->We released monthly Android security updates throughout the year for devices running Android 4.4.4 and up—that accounts for 86.3 percent of all active Android devices worldwide.<!--
Our carrier and hardware partners helped expand deployment of these updates, releasing updates for over half of the top 50 devices worldwide in the last quarter of 2016. About half of devices in use at the end of 2016 had not received a platform security update in the previous year--> |website=Google Security Blog |publisher=] |date=March 22, 2017 |accessdate=March 22, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322141254/http://security.googleblog.com/2017/03/diverse-protections-for-diverse.html |archivedate=March 22, 2017 |df= }}</ref> <small>See ]</small> Our carrier and hardware partners helped expand deployment of these updates, releasing updates for over half of the top 50 devices worldwide in the last quarter of 2016. About half of devices in use at the end of 2016 had not received a platform security update in the previous year--> |website=Google Security Blog |publisher=] |date=March 22, 2017 |accessdate=March 22, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322141254/http://security.googleblog.com/2017/03/diverse-protections-for-diverse.html |archivedate=March 22, 2017 |df= }}</ref> <small>See ]</small>
|- |-

Revision as of 10:18, 4 October 2017

Global Android version distribution since December 2009
Global Android version distribution as of August 2017. Android Marshmallow is the most widely used version of Android, running on 32.2% of all Android devices accessing Google Play, while Android Lollipop runs on 29.8% of devices (76.8% on it or newer).

The version history of the Android mobile operating system began with the public release of the Android beta in November 5, 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in September 2008. Android is continually developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance, and it has seen a number of updates to its base operating system since the initial release.

Versions 1.0 and 1.1 were not released under specific code names. Android code names are confectionery-themed and have been in alphabetical order since 2009's Android 1.5 Cupcake, with the most recent major version being Android 8.0 Oreo, released in August 2017.

Code name Version number Initial release date API level Security patches
(No codename) 1.0 September 23, 2008 1 Unsupported
(Internally known as "Petit Four") 1.1 February 9, 2009 2 Unsupported
Cupcake 1.5 April 27, 2009 3 Unsupported
Donut 1.6 September 15, 2009 4 Unsupported
Eclair 2.0 – 2.1 October 26, 2009 5 – 7 Unsupported
Froyo 2.2 – 2.2.3 May 20, 2010 8 Unsupported
Gingerbread 2.3 – 2.3.7 December 6, 2010 9 – 10 Unsupported
Honeycomb 3.0 – 3.2.6 February 22, 2011 11 – 13 Unsupported
Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0 – 4.0.4 October 18, 2011 14 – 15 Unsupported
Jelly Bean 4.1 – 4.3.1 July 9, 2012 16 – 18 Unsupported
Kitkat 4.4 – 4.4.4 October 31, 2013 19 – 20 Supported; See clarification
Lollipop 5.0 – 5.1.1 November 12, 2014 21 – 22 Supported
Marshmallow 6.0 – 6.0.1 October 5, 2015 23 Supported
Nougat 7.0 – 7.1.2 August 22, 2016 24 – 25 Supported
Oreo 8.0 August 21, 2017 26 Supported

Note: To clarify, support for e.g. Android 4.4.4 KitKat (Google's support cut-off), means at least security patches in 2014, 2016 and up to and including at least September 2017. The updates may or may not reach actual users' devices; that depends on vendors. Google (and others) may support their own users' devices with a major upgrade only, instead of a security update to those older versions, but it's possible to do.

A version of Android KitKat exclusive to Android Wear devices was released on June 25, 2014, with an API level of 20.

Pre-commercial release versions

The development of Android started in 2003 by Android, Inc., which was purchased by Google in 2005.

Alpha

There were at least two internal releases of the software inside Google and the OHA before the beta version was released. The code names "Astro Boy" and "Bender" were used internally for some pre-1.0 milestones.

Dan Morrill created some of the first mascot logos, but the current Android logo was designed by Irina Blok. The project manager, Ryan Gibson, conceived the confectionery-themed naming scheme that has been used for the majority of the public releases, starting with Android 1.5 Cupcake.

Beta

The beta was released on November 5, 2007, while the software development kit (SDK) was released on November 12, 2007. The November 5 date is popularly celebrated as Android's "birthday". Public beta versions of the SDK were released in the following order:

  • November 12, 2007: m3-rc20a (milestone 3, release code 20a)
  • November 16, 2007: m3-rc22a (milestone 3, release code 22a)
  • December 14, 2007: m3-rc37a (milestone 3, release code 37a)
  • February 13, 2008: m5-rc14 (milestone 5, release code 14)
  • March 3, 2008: m5-rc15 (milestone 5, release code 15)
  • August 18, 2008: 0.9 Beta
  • September 23, 2008: 1.0-r1

Version history by API level

The following tables show the release dates and key features of all Android operating system updates to date, listed chronologically by their official application programming interface (API) levels. Template:Android version table Template:Android version table Template:Android version table

Template:Android version table

Template:Android version table

Template:Android version table

Template:Android version table

Template:Android version table Template:Android version table

Template:Android version table Template:Android version table

Template:Android version table

Template:Android version table Template:Android version table

Template:Android version table Template:Android version table Template:Android version table Template:Android version table Template:Android version table

Template:Android version table Template:Android version table

Template:Android version table Template:Android version table Template:Android version table

Template:Android version table Template:Android version table

Hardware requirements

See also: Android (operating system) § Hardware

The main hardware platform for Android is the ARM architecture (ARMv7 and ARMv8-A architectures; formerly also ARMv5), with x86 and MIPS architectures also officially supported in later versions of Android. Unofficial Android-x86 project used to provide support for the x86 and MIPS architectures ahead of the official support. Since 2012, Android devices with Intel processors began to appear, including phones and tablets. While gaining support for 64-bit platforms, Android was first made to run on 64-bit x86 and then on ARM64. Since Android 5.0 Lollipop, 64-bit variants of all platforms are supported in addition to the 32-bit variants.

Requirements for the minimum amount of RAM for devices running Android 7.1 depend on screen size and density and type of CPU, ranging from 816 MB–1.8 GB for 64-bit and 512 MB–1.3 GB for 32-bit meaning in practice 1 GB for the most common type of display (while minimum for Android watch is 416 MB). The recommendation for Android 4.4 is to have at least 512 MB of RAM, while for "low RAM" devices 340 MB is the required minimum amount that does not include memory dedicated to various hardware components such as the baseband processor. Android 4.4 requires a 32-bit ARMv7, MIPS or x86 architecture processor (latter two through unofficial ports), together with an OpenGL ES 2.0 compatible graphics processing unit (GPU). Android supports OpenGL ES 1.1, 2.0, 3.0, 3.2 and as of latest major version Vulkan. Some applications may explicitly require a certain version of the OpenGL ES, and suitable GPU hardware is required to run such applications.

Android used to require an autofocus camera, which was relaxed to a fixed-focus camera if present at all, since the camera was dropped as a requirement entirely (except for smartphones) when Android started to be used on set-top boxes.

See also

Notes

  1. Lowest supported x86 generation is the P6 microarchitecture, also called i686.
  2. Supported is revision 1 of MIPS32 and revision 6 for 64-bit MIPS64

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