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{{short description|King of Persia from 338 to 336 BC}} {{short description|King of Persia from 338 to 336 BC}}
{{about|a king of Persia|other uses|Arses (disambiguation)}} {{about|a king of Persia|other uses|Arses (disambiguation)}}
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On his ascension to the throne, Arses most likely assumed the regnal name of Artaxerxes IV.{{sfn|Briant|2002|p=769}} He was put on the throne by Bagoas due to his youth, which the latter sought to take advantage of in order to control him. Around the same period, most of the Greek city-states had joined the ] under the leadership of the ] ], who took advantage of the events in Persia by demanding compensation from the country for helping the town of ] during the reign of Artaxerxes III.{{sfn|LeCoq|1986|p=548}} Arses declined, and as a result, a Greek expedition was started with Philip II was general, who sent 10,000 Macedonian soldiers into Asia in 336 BC.{{sfn|LeCoq|1986|p=548}} At the same time, however, Arses was focused on trying to free himself from Bagoas' authority and influence; he made an unesuccessful effort to have the latter poisoned, only to be poisoned himself along with the rest of his family by Bagoas, who put Arses' cousin Darius III on the throne.{{sfn|LeCoq|1986|p=548}} Macedonian propaganda, made in order to legitimize the conquests of ] a few years later, accused Darius III of playing a key role in the murder of Arses, and portrayed the latter as the last king of the Achaemenid royal house.{{sfn|Briant|2002|p=770}} On his ascension to the throne, Arses most likely assumed the regnal name of Artaxerxes IV.{{sfn|Briant|2002|p=769}} He was put on the throne by Bagoas due to his youth, which the latter sought to take advantage of in order to control him. Around the same period, most of the Greek city-states had joined the ] under the leadership of the ] ], who took advantage of the events in Persia by demanding compensation from the country for helping the town of ] during the reign of Artaxerxes III.{{sfn|LeCoq|1986|p=548}} Arses declined, and as a result, a Greek expedition was started with Philip II was general, who sent 10,000 Macedonian soldiers into Asia in 336 BC.{{sfn|LeCoq|1986|p=548}} At the same time, however, Arses was focused on trying to free himself from Bagoas' authority and influence; he made an unesuccessful effort to have the latter poisoned, only to be poisoned himself along with the rest of his family by Bagoas, who put Arses' cousin Darius III on the throne.{{sfn|LeCoq|1986|p=548}} Macedonian propaganda, made in order to legitimize the conquests of ] a few years later, accused Darius III of playing a key role in the murder of Arses, and portrayed the latter as the last king of the Achaemenid royal house.{{sfn|Briant|2002|p=770}}

==Coinage==
There is no dynastic coinage of Artaxerxes IV, but it is thought he may be depicted as a young ruler wearing the Pharaonic crown on the reverse of some of the contemporary coinage of satrap ] in ].
<gallery widths="200px" heights="100px" perrow="4">
File:CILICIA, Myriandros. Mazaios. Satrap of Cilicia, 361-0-334 BC.jpg|thumb|300px|Another similar coin. ], Satrap of ], 361/0-334 BC
File:CILICIA, Myriandros. Mazaios. Satrap of Cilicia, 361-0-334 BCE.jpg|thumb|300px|Another similar coin. ], Satrap of ], 361/0-334 BC
File:CILICIA, Myriandros. 343-332 BC.jpg|thumb|300px|Coin of ] 343-332 BC, thought to represent ] on the obverse, and a young Artaxerxes IV on the reverse, both wearing the Pharaonic crown.
</gallery>


==References== ==References==

Revision as of 20:08, 9 March 2019

King of Persia from 338 to 336 BC This article is about a king of Persia. For other uses, see Arses (disambiguation).
Artaxerxes IV Arses
King of Kings
Great King
King of Persia
Pharaoh of Egypt
King of Countries
Probable portrait of Arses, wearing the Egyptian Pharaonic crown.
King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire
Reign338–336 BC
PredecessorArtaxerxes III
SuccessorDarius III
Pharaoh of Egypt
PredecessorArtaxerxes III
SuccessorDarius III
Died336 BC
Names
Artaxerxes IV Arses
DynastyAchaemenid
FatherArtaxerxes III
MotherAtossa
ReligionZoroastrianism
Family tree of the Achaemenid rulers.

Artaxerxes IV Arses (/ˌɑːrtəˈzɜːrksiːz/; Template:Lang-peo Artaxšaçā), was king of kings of Persia between 338 BC and 336 BC. He is known as Arses in Greek sources and that seems to have been his real name, but the Xanthus trilingue and potsherds from Samaria report that he took the royal name of Artaxerxes IV, following his father and grandfather.

Name

Arses is the Greek form of the Old Persian Aršaka (also spelled Aršāma, Xšayaaršan). The common Iranian variant is attested in Avestan Aršan- (linguistically related to Greek arsēn "male, manly").

Biography

Arses was the youngest son of Artaxerxes III and his wife Atossa. Arses had several brothers, only one whose name is attested, a certain Bisthanes. Persia was experiencing a resurgence under Artaxerxes III, who reorganized his empire, and suppressed revolts throughout the country. However, the fortunes of Persia came to an abrupt end in autumn of 338, when Artaxerxes III was murdered by the ambitious eunuch and chiliarch Bagoas, who had the king poisoned. Artaxerxes III's early death proved to be a problematic issue for Persia, and may have played a role in the weakening of the country. The majority of Artaxerxes III's sons, with the expection of Arses and Bisthanes, were also murdered by Bagoas. Bagoas, who wanted to be kingmaker, put the young Arses on the throne.

On his ascension to the throne, Arses most likely assumed the regnal name of Artaxerxes IV. He was put on the throne by Bagoas due to his youth, which the latter sought to take advantage of in order to control him. Around the same period, most of the Greek city-states had joined the Greek league under the leadership of the Macedonian king Philip II, who took advantage of the events in Persia by demanding compensation from the country for helping the town of Perinthus during the reign of Artaxerxes III. Arses declined, and as a result, a Greek expedition was started with Philip II was general, who sent 10,000 Macedonian soldiers into Asia in 336 BC. At the same time, however, Arses was focused on trying to free himself from Bagoas' authority and influence; he made an unesuccessful effort to have the latter poisoned, only to be poisoned himself along with the rest of his family by Bagoas, who put Arses' cousin Darius III on the throne. Macedonian propaganda, made in order to legitimize the conquests of Alexander the Great a few years later, accused Darius III of playing a key role in the murder of Arses, and portrayed the latter as the last king of the Achaemenid royal house.

References

  1. ^ LeCoq 1986, p. 548.
  2. ^ Schmitt 1986, pp. 658–659.
  3. Waters 2014, p. 197.
  4. Briant 2002, p. 769.
  5. Briant 2002, p. 770.

Bibliography

Ancient works

Modern works

Arses of Persia Achaemenid dynastyBorn:  ?? Died: 336 BC
Preceded byArtaxerxes III Great King (Shah) of Persia
338 BC – 336 BC
Succeeded byDarius III
Pharaoh of Egypt
XXXI Dynasty
338 BC – 336 BC
Median and Achaemenid kings
Family tree
Median (728–550 BC)
Achaemenid (550–330 BC)
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