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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name 2-Methylbutane | |
| Other names Methylbutane | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Beilstein Reference | 1730723 |
| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.001.039 
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| EC Number |
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| Gmelin Reference | 49318 |
| MeSH | isopentane |
| PubChem CID | |
| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
| UN number | 1265 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
InChI
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SMILES
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| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C5H12 |
| Molar mass | 72.151 g·mol |
| Appearance | Colorless, transparent liquid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 616 mg mL |
| Solubility in water | Miscible |
| Vapor pressure | 76.992 kPa (at 20 °C) |
| Henry's law constant (kH) |
7.2 nmol Pa kg |
| UV-vis (λmax) | 192 nm |
| Refractive index (nD) | 10.354 |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Heat capacity (C) | 164.85 J K mol |
| Std molar entropy (S298) |
260.41 J K mol |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH298) |
−179.1–−177.3 kJ mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH298) |
−3.5052–−3.5036 MJ mol |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
| Pictograms |    
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| Signal word | Danger |
| Hazard statements | H224, H304, H336, H411 |
| Precautionary statements | P210, P261, P273, P301+P310, P331 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) |
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| Flash point | −51 °C |
| Explosive limits | 1.4–8.3% |
| Related compounds | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
 Y verify (what is ?)
Infobox references
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Isopentane, C5H12, also called methylbutane or 2-methylbutane, is a branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. Isopentane is an extremely volatile and extremely flammable liquid at room temperature and pressure. The normal boiling point is just a few degrees above room temperature and isopentane will readily boil and evaporate away on a warm day. Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of -160 °C. It is 1% or less of natural gas.
Nomenclature
Isopentane is the name recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).An isopentyl group is a subset of the generic pentyl group. It has the chemical structure -CH2CH2CH(CH3)2.
Isomers
Isopentane is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12, the others being pentane (n-pentane) and neopentane (dimethyl propane).
Uses
Isopentane is one of the ingredients in both Aquafresh® and Sensodyne®.
References
- "isopentane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
- James Wei (1999), Molecular Symmetry, Rotational Entropy, and Elevated Melting Points. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., volume 38 issue 12, pp. 5019–5027 doi:10.1021/ie990588m
- Georg Hammer, Torsten Lübcke, Roland Kettner, Mark R. Pillarella, Herta Recknagel, Axel Commichau, Hans-Joachim Neumann and Barbara Paczynska-Lahme “Natural Gas“ in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_073.pub2
- Panico, R.; & Powell, W. H. (Eds.) (1994). A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03488-2.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Aquafresh Website
External links
- International Chemical Safety Card 1153
- IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (online version of the "Blue Book")
| Alkanes | |
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