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United States presidential election, 2012

← 2008 November 6, 2012 2016 →
All 538 electoral votes of the Electoral College 270 electoral votes needed to win
Nominee Barack Obama Mitt Romney Party Democratic Republican Home state Illinois Massachusetts Running mate Joe Biden Paul Ryan   Nominee Gary Johnson Jill Stein Party Libertarian Green Home state New Mexico Massachusetts Running mate James Gray Cheri Honkala   Nominee Virgil Goode Party Constitution Home state Virginia Running mate Jim Clymer
Current Polls (270 electoral votes needed to win)   Barack Obama 204   Mitt Romney 166   Tied within the margin of error 152   No data 16
Incumbent President Barack Obama Democratic

2012 U.S. presidential election
Timeline General election debates Electors Polling nationwide statewide Parties
Democratic Party
Candidates Primaries Results Nominee Convention
Republican Party
Prelude Candidates Debates and forums Primaries National polling Statewide polling Straw polls Results Nominee VP candidate selection Convention Endorsements
Minor parties
Libertarian Party candidates primaries nominee convention Green Party primaries nominee convention Constitution Party nominee convention Justice Party nominee Americans Elect All candidates
Related races
House Senate Governors Vice President Democratic Republican
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The next United States presidential election is to be held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012. It will be the 57th quadrennial presidential election in which presidential electors, who will officially elect the president and the vice president of the United States on December 17, 2012, will be chosen. Incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama is running for a second and final term during this election. His major challenger is former Massachusetts Governor, Republican Mitt Romney. Two other candidates have attained ballot access sufficient enough to mathematically win the election by a majority of the electoral college: former New Mexico Governor Gary Johnson, the Libertarian nominee; and Jill Stein, the Green Party nominee.

As specified in the Constitution, the 2012 presidential election will coincide with the United States Senate elections where one-third of the Senators will face re-election (33 Class I seats), and the United States House of Representatives elections (which occurs biennially) to elect the members for the 113th Congress. Eleven gubernatorial elections and many elections for state legislatures will also take place at the same time.

Electoral college changes

The 2010 Census changed the Electoral College vote apportionment for the presidential elections from 2012 to 2020 in the states mapped and listed below.

Eight states (Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Nevada, South Carolina, Texas, Utah and Washington) gained votes, due to reapportionment based on the 2010 Census. Similarly ten states (Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Ohio and Pennsylvania) lost votes.

In the political climate of 2011, this would give the Democratic Party a net loss of six electoral votes in states won by Al Gore, John Kerry and Barack Obama in the past three presidential elections, rendering the party a national total of 242. Conversely, the Republican Party will achieve a net gain of six electoral votes in states won by George W. Bush and John McCain in the past three presidential elections, rendering the Republican Party a national total of 180. Votes allocated to remaining states (i.e., those where the majority voted for both Democratic and Republican candidates during the last three presidential elections) remain unchanged from the national total of 115.

In 2011, several states enacted new laws that were attacked by the Democratic Party as attempts to improve the Republican Party's presidential prospects. Measures were taken in Florida, Georgia, Ohio, Tennessee and West Virginia to shorten early voting periods. Florida and Iowa barred all felons from voting. Kansas, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Wisconsin began requiring voters to identify themselves with government-issued IDs before they could cast their ballots. Obama, the NAACP, and the Democratic Party fought against many of the new state laws, and former President Bill Clinton denounced it, saying, "There has never been in my lifetime, since we got rid of the poll tax and all the Jim Crow burdens on voting, the determined effort to limit the franchise that we see today". He said the moves would effectively disenfranchise core voter blocs that trend liberal, college students, Blacks, and Latinos. Rolling Stone magazine criticized the American Legislative Exchange Council for lobbying in states to bring about these laws. The Obama campaign fought against the Ohio law, pushing for a petition and statewide referendum to repeal it in time for the 2012 election.

A new plan was proposed in Pennsylvania that would change its representation in the electoral college from a winner-take-all model to a district-by-district model. The Governorship and both houses of its congress were Republican-controlled, and the move was viewed by some as an affront to Obama's re-election effort.

Nominations

Democratic Party

Primaries

With an incumbent president running for reelection against token opposition, the race for the Democratic nomination was largely uneventful. The nomination process consisted of primaries and caucuses, held by the 50 states, as well as Guam, Puerto Rico, Washington, D.C., U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands. Additionally, high-ranking party members known as superdelegates each received one vote in the convention. A few of the primary challengers surpassed the president's vote total in individual counties in several of the seven contested primaries, though none made a significant impact in the delegate count. Running unopposed everywhere else, President Obama cemented his status as the Democratic presumptive nominee on April 3, 2012 by securing the minimum number of pledged delegates needed to clinch the nomination.

Candidates

• Barack Obama, 44th President of the United States

• President Barack Obama of Illinois
  Democratic Nominee

Republican Party

The nomination process consisted of primaries and caucuses, held by the 50 states, as well as Guam, Puerto Rico, Washington, D.C., U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands. The winner of each of these primary elections received delegates either proportional to the percentage of the popular vote the candidate received in each state, winner-take-all or some combination of the two extremes. Additionally, RNC memembers known as superdelegates each received one vote in the convention.

Primaries

Candidates with considerable name recognition who entered the race for the Republican presidential nomination in the early stages of the primary campaign included: Congressman and former Libertarian nominee Ron Paul, former Governor Tim Pawlenty, who co-chaired John McCain's campaign in 2008, former Governor Mitt Romney, who had done reasonably well in the 2008 cycle, and former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich.

The first debate took place on May 5, 2011 in Greenville, South Carolina, with businessman Herman Cain, former New Mexico Governor Gary Johnson, Paul, Pawlenty, and former Pennsylvania Senator Rick Santorum participating. There was another about a month later, with Gingrich, Romney, former Utah Governor Jon Huntsman and Rep. Michele Bachmann participating and Johnson excluded. A total of thirteen debates would be held before the Iowa caucuses.

The first major event of the campaign was the Ames Straw Poll, which took place in Iowa on August 13, 2011. Pawlenty withdrew from the race after doing poorly, as did Thaddeus McCotter, the only candidate among those who qualified for the ballot who was refused entrance into the debate. Bachmann won the straw poll, and this proved to be the acme of her campaign.

A segment of the conservative primary electorate found Romney to be too liberal or moderate for their tastes, and a number of potential "anti-Romney" candidates were put forward, including Donald Trump, Sarah Palin, and Texas Governor Rick Perry, the last of whom ultimately decided to run. He did poorly in subsequent debates, and Cain and Gingrich came into the fore.

Due to a number of scandals, Cain withdrew just before the end of the year, after getting on the ballot in several states. Johnson, who had been able to get into only one other debate, withdrew in order to seek the Libertarian Party nomination.

For the first time in modern GOP history, three different candidates won the first three contests. Although Romney was thought to originally have won in Iowa and New Hampshire, Santorum was declared the winner (by 34 votes) in Iowa a few weeks after the caucuses. Gingrich won South Carolina by a large and surprising margin.

A number of candidates dropped out at this time. Bachmann, who finished fifth in Iowa, withdrew after the caucuses. Huntsman withdrew after coming in third in New Hampshire, and Perry withdrew when polls showed him drawing low numbers in South Carolina.

Santorum, who had previously run an essentially one-state campaign in Iowa, took his campaign national and carried three more states on February 7. Romney won all other contests after South Carolina, including Florida, seen at the time as a major win over Gingrich.

The Super Tuesday primaries took place on March 6. With ten states voting and 391 delegates being allocated, it had nearly half the potential impact of its 2008 predecessor. Romney carried six states and Santorum three, while Gingrich won only in his home state of Georgia. Throughout the rest of March, 266 delegates were allocated in 12 events, including all of the territorial contests and the first local conventions that allocated delegates (Wyoming's county conventions). Santorum won Kansas and three Southern primaries, but was unable to make any gain on Romney, who remained the frontrunner after securing more than half of the delegates allocated in March.

On April 10, Santorum suspended his campaign, leaving Mitt Romney as the undisputed front-runner for the presidential nomination and Gingrich to claim he is the "last conservative" still actively campaigning for the nomination. Gingrich then withdrew on May 1 after a spokesman announced on April 25 that he would do so. On the same day as Gingrich's spokesman announced his future withdrawal, the Republican National Committee (RNC) declared Romney the party's presumptive nominee. Paul officially remained in the race but stopped campaigning on May 14. On May 29, Romney won the Texas 2012 Republican primaries; the subsequent accumulation of the state's 155 delegates was enough for him to clinch the party's nomination.

On August 28, 2012, delegates at the Republican National Convention officially named Romney as the party's presidential nominee. Romney formally accepted the delegates' nomination on August 30, 2012.

Candidates

• Mitt Romney, former Governor of Massachusetts
• Ron Paul, U.S. Representative from Texas (withdrew on May 14, 2012; no endorsement, continued to seek delegates from earlier primaries)
• Newt Gingrich, former U.S. speaker of the House of Representatives from Georgia (withdrew on May 2, 2012, and endorsed Mitt Romney)
• Rick Santorum, former senator from Pennsylvania (withdrew on April 10, 2012, and endorsed Mitt Romney)
• Buddy Roemer, former governor of Louisiana (withdrew on February 22, 2012, to run for the nominations of Americans Elect and the Reform Party)
• Rick Perry, Governor of Texas (withdrew on January 19, 2012, and endorsed Newt Gingrich, now Mitt Romney)
• Jon Huntsman, Jr., former U.S. ambassador to China and former governor of Utah (withdrew on January 15, 2012 and endorsed Mitt Romney)
• Michele Bachmann, U.S. Representative from Minnesota (withdrew on January 4, 2012, and endorsed Mitt Romney)
• Gary Johnson, former governor of New Mexico (withdrew December 28, 2011, to run for the nomination of the Libertarian Party)
• Herman Cain, businessman from Georgia (withdrew on December 3, 2011, and endorsed Newt Gingrich, now Mitt Romney)
• Thaddeus McCotter, U.S. Representative from Michigan (withdrew on September 22, 2011, and endorsed Mitt Romney)
• Tim Pawlenty, former governor of Minnesota, (withdrew August 14, 2011, and endorsed Mitt Romney)

• Former Governor
  Mitt Romney
  of Massachusetts
  Republican Nominee
• U.S. Representative
  Ron Paul of Texas (campaign)
  (Withdrew May 14, 2012)
• Former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich of Georgia (campaign) (Withdrew May 2, 2012)
• Former Senator
  Rick Santorum of Pennsylvania (campaign) (Withdrew April 10, 2012)
• Former Governor
  Buddy Roemer of Louisiana
  (campaign) (Withdrew February 22, 2012)
• Governor Rick Perry of Texas (campaign) (Withdrew January 19, 2012)
• Former Governor
  Jon Huntsman of Utah (campaign) (Withdrew on January 16, 2012)
• U.S. Representative Michele Bachmann of Minnesota (campaign) (Withdrew January 4, 2012)
• Former Governor
  Gary Johnson of New Mexico (campaign) (Withdrew December 28, 2011)
• Former Godfather's Pizza CEO Herman Cain of Georgia (campaign) (Withdrew on December 3, 2011)
• U.S. Representative Thaddeus McCotter of Michigan (campaign) (Withdrew September 22, 2011)
• Former Governor
  Tim Pawlenty of Minnesota (campaign) (Withdrew August 14, 2011)

Major third parties

The following third parties have nominated candidates that have ballot access to 270 electoral votes, which is the minimum number needed to win the presidency through a majority of the electoral college.

Libertarian

• Gary Johnson, former governor of New Mexico; vice-presidential nominee: Jim Gray, retired state court judge, from California

Candidate Ballot Access: The Johnson/Gray ticket is on all state ballots except in Michigan and Oklahoma where its ballot access has been challenged. (515 Electoral)

Write-In Candidate Access: Michigan

Green

• Jill Stein, medical doctor from Massachusetts; vice-presidential nominee: Cheri Honkala, social organiser, from Pennsylvania.

Candidate Ballot Access: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, DC, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin - (447 Electoral)

Write-In Candidate Access: Connecticut, Georgia, Indiana, Missouri

Constitution

• Virgil Goode, former U.S. congressman, from Virginia; vice-presidential nominee: Jim Clymer from Pennsylvania

Candidate Ballot Access: Alabama, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Nevada, North Dakota, Ohio, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming - (257 Electoral)

Write-In Candidate Access: Arizona, California, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Montana, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Texas, Vermont, West Virginia

Justice

• Rocky Anderson, former mayor of Salt Lake City and founding member of the Justice Party, from Utah; vice-presidential nominee: Luis J. Rodriguez from California.

Candidate Ballot Access: Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Idaho, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Washington - (152 Electoral)

Write-In Candidate Access: Alabama, Alaska, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, DC

The Justice Party is a new party that was formed on December 13, 2011. From a small beginning, 30 persons at the launching event with no TV crew covering it, the party has been able to put its founder, Rocky Anderson, on the ballot in 16 states and secure official write-in status in 14 additional states. It is now the sixth largest party in terms of presidential ballot access.
The party is working for campaign finance reforms and does not accept corporate funding. It wants to abolish corporate personhood. The party and its founder are in favor of a financial transaction tax and want to end the Bush tax cuts. They are against the enlarging of the Keystone Pipeline and want a ban on mountaintop removal mining. They are also proponents for a single payer health system.

Americans Elect

• No candidates nominated

Ballot access: Before ending its primary process, the organization had gained ballot access in 29 states with 286 electoral votes.

Following the unsuccessful Unity08, Peter Ackerman started Americans Elect, non-partisan non-profit organization, with the objective of having the first online nomination process in American history. American Elect's motto was "Pick a president, not a party". No candidates met the requirements of online support set out by the organization to enter into its online caucus, so on May 17 the primary process came to an end without a nominee and no AE candidate will run for President in 2012. The online caucus site is now inactive except for a home page with the phrase "See You in 2013".

Party conventions

• April 18–21, 2012: 2012 Constitution Party National Convention held in Nashville, Tennessee; Virgil Goode won the nomination.
• May 3–6, 2012: 2012 Libertarian National Convention held in Las Vegas, Nevada; Gary Johnson won the nomination.
• July 13–15, 2012: Green National Convention held in Baltimore, Maryland; Jill Stein won the nomination.
• August 27–30, 2012: 2012 Republican National Convention held in Tampa, Florida; Mitt Romney won the nomination.
• September 3–6, 2012: 2012 Democratic National Convention held in Charlotte, North Carolina; Barack Obama won the nomination.

General election campaign

Issues

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2012)

Debates

The Commission on Presidential Debates announced four debates. Candidates must appear on sufficient state-ballots to be mathematically eligible to win the presidency and achieve at least 15% support in five national polls as of the date of determination, to be some time after Labor Day 2012.

• Wednesday October 3: The first presidential debate took place at the University of Denver in Denver, Colorado, moderated by Jim Lehrer
• Thursday October 11: The vice-presidential debate is scheduled to take place at Centre College in Danville, Kentucky, moderated by Martha Raddatz
• Tuesday October 16: The second presidential debate is scheduled to take place at Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York, moderated by Candy Crowley. It is to have a town-meeting format.
• Monday October 22: The third and final presidential debate is scheduled to take place at Lynn University in Boca Raton, Florida, moderated by Bob Schieffer

Campaign costs

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2012)

Election

• November 6, 2012 – Election Day
• December 17, 2012 – Electoral College will formally elect a President and Vice President.
• January 3, 2013 – The new Congress is sworn in.
• January 6, 2013 – Electoral votes are formally counted before a joint session of Congress.
• January 20, 2013 – Inauguration oaths are taken; the new presidential term starts.
• January 21, 2013 – Inauguration Day (as the 20th falls on a Sunday)

See also

• Nationwide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2012
• Statewide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2012
• United States presidential election, 2012 timeline

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Further reading

• William G. Mayer and Jonathan Bernstein, eds. The Making of the Presidential Candidates, 2012 (Rowman & Littlefield; 2012) 241 pages; ISBN 978-1-4422-1170-4; Scholars explore nominations in the post-public-funding era, digital media and campaigns, television coverage, and the Tea Party.

External links

• 2012 Presidential Form 2 Filers at the Federal Election Commission (FEC)
• Latest Green Papers delegate count:
• Template:Dmoz
• 2012 Interactive Electoral Map

• United States presidential election, 2012
• Article Feedback 5 Additional Articles
• Barack Obama
• History of the United States (1991–present)