| Abdounodus Temporal range: Paleocene 61–59 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ | |
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| A. hamdii lower jaw | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Superorder: | Afrotheria |
| Clade: | Paenungulatomorpha |
| Genus: | †Abdounodus Gheerbrant & Sudre, 2001 |
| Species: | †A. hamdii |
| Binomial name | |
| †Abdounodus hamdii Gheerbrant et al., 2001 | |
Abdounodus ("Abdoun tooth") is an extinct genus of mammal known from the middle Paleocene of Northern Africa. The sole species, A. hamdii, is known from teeth and jaw bones discovered in the Ouled Abdoun Basin of present-day Morocco in 2001.
Discovery and naming
Discovery
The holotype of Abdounodus hamdii MNHN 21 was collected in French fossil markets. It consists of a left mandible and teeth. A study in 2016 described new material that included the maxillary and upper dentition.
Naming
The generic name combines Abdoun referring to the place of origin and odus meaning tooth. The specific name hamdii is named after M. Mohamed Hamdi, who was an active supporter for paleontological research in the region.
Description
Abdounotus has dentition similar of that mioclaenids, but is differentiated by features such as the talonid being short and narrow, the posfossid being weakly excavated, the entoconid being quite large, lack of cingula, and a small and a inflated hypocounlid. The upper molars are noticeably bunodont with an inflated crown and bulbous cusps, and have 3 roots. There also features that support a meatconule-dervived pseudohypocone such as a absence of other conules aside from the metaconule-pseudohypocone.
Classification
In a study in 2016 it was classified as a basal afrothere It was hypothesized that Abdounodus and Ocepeia are transitional lophodont stem paenugulates. In the same study the authors erected a new clade called Paenungulatomorpha.
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Paleobiology
Diet
Abdounodus would’ve likely ate hard and abrasive plants as its jaw and tooth remains show it would’ve likely had a strong crushing motion.
References
- ^ Gheerbrant, Emmanuel; Sudre, Jean; Iarochene, Mohamed; Moumni, Abdelkader (2001). "First ascertained African "Condylarth" mammals (primitive ungulates: cf. Bulbulodentata and cf. Phenacodonta) from the earliest Ypresian of the Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 21 (1): 107–118. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0107:FAACMP]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 4524176. S2CID 85966740.
- ^ Gheerbrant, Emmanuel; Filippo, Andrea; Schmitt, Arnaud (2016). "Convergence of Afrotherian and Laurasiatherian Ungulate-Like Mammals: First Morphological Evidence from the Paleocene of Morocco". PLOS ONE. 11 (7): e0157556. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1157556G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157556. PMC 4934866. PMID 27384169.
| Paenungulatomorpha | ||
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| Taxon identifiers | |
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| Abdounodus | |