Anal dysplasia - Misplaced Pages

Pre-cancerous condition of the anal canal

Anal dysplasia is a pre-cancerous condition which occurs when the lining of the anal canal undergoes abnormal changes. It can be classified as low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Most cases are not associated with symptoms, but people may notice lumps in and around the anus.

Causes

Anal dysplasia is most commonly linked to human papillomavirus (HPV), a usually sexually-transmitted infection. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States while genital herpes (HSV) was the most common sexually transmitted infection globally.

Diagnosis

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References

Darragh, Teresa (October 2012). "The Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology. Standardization Project for HPV-Associated Lesions". Arch Pathol Lab Med. 136 (10): 1266–1297. doi:10.5858/arpa.LGT200570. PMID 22742517.
Salit, Irving. "Fact Sheets: Anal dyspasia". Canadian Aids Treatment Information Exchange. Archived from the original on 2009-02-01. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
Palefsky, Joel M.; Holly, Elizabeth A.; Ralston, Mary L.; Jay, Naomi (February 1988). "Prevalence and Risk Factors for Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Anal Canal in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Positive and HIV-Negative Homosexual Men". Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Stomatology, and Epidemiology Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-11-13. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
"CDC Fact Sheet - Incidence, Prevalence, and Cost of Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States" (PDF). CDC. February 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
Antonio C Gerbase; Jane T Rowley; Thierry E Merten (1998). "Global epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases". Lancet. 352: S2 – S4. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)90001-0. PMID 9652711. S2CID 28976125.

Diseases of the human digestive system

Upper GI tract

Esophagus

Stomach

Lower GI tract
Enteropathy

Small intestine (Duodenum/Jejunum/Ileum)	Enteritis Duodenitis Jejunitis Ileitis Peptic (duodenal) ulcer Curling's ulcer Malabsorption: Coeliac Tropical sprue Blind loop syndrome Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth Whipple's Short bowel syndrome Steatorrhea Milroy disease Bile acid malabsorption
Large intestine (Appendix/Colon)	Appendicitis Colitis Pseudomembranous Ulcerative Ischemic Microscopic Collagenous Lymphocytic Dysentery Functional colonic disease IBS Intestinal pseudoobstruction / Ogilvie syndrome Megacolon / Toxic megacolon Diverticulitis/Diverticulosis/SCAD
Large and/or small	Enterocolitis Necrotizing Gastroenterocolitis IBD Crohn's disease Vascular: Abdominal angina Mesenteric ischemia Angiodysplasia Bowel obstruction: Ileus Intussusception Volvulus Fecal impaction Constipation Functional Diarrhea Infectious Intestinal adhesions
Rectum	Proctitis Radiation proctitis Proctalgia fugax Rectal prolapse Anismus Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome Rectal stricture
Anal canal	Anal fissure/Anal fistula Anal abscess Hemorrhoid Anal dysplasia Pruritus ani Anal stricture

GI bleeding

Accessory

Liver	Hepatitis Viral hepatitis Autoimmune hepatitis Alcoholic hepatitis Cirrhosis PBC Fatty liver MASLD Vascular Budd–Chiari syndrome Hepatic veno-occlusive disease Portal hypertension Nutmeg liver Alcoholic liver disease Liver failure Hepatic encephalopathy Acute liver failure Liver abscess Pyogenic Amoebic Hepatorenal syndrome Peliosis hepatis Metabolic disorders Wilson's disease Hemochromatosis
Gallbladder	Cholecystitis Gallstone / Cholelithiasis Cholesterolosis Adenomyomatosis Postcholecystectomy syndrome Porcelain gallbladder
Bile duct/ Other biliary tree	Cholangitis Primary sclerosing cholangitis Secondary sclerosing cholangitis Ascending Cholestasis/Mirizzi's syndrome Biliary fistula Haemobilia Common bile duct Choledocholithiasis Biliary dyskinesia Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
Pancreatic	Pancreatitis Acute Chronic Hereditary Pancreatic abscess Pancreatic pseudocyst Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Pancreatic fistula

Other

Hernia

Lumbar
- Petit's
- Grynfeltt–Lesshaft

Undefined location

Peritoneal

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Categories:

Causes

Diagnosis

See also

References