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April 16, 1925: Terrorist bombing of St. Nedelya Church in Bulgaria kills 213 people.April 26, 1925: Paul von Hindenburg defeats Wilhelm Marx in German presidential runoff election.
Yeta III, King of Barotseland and the Lozi people in what is now Zambia, abolishes the corvee, the last vestige of slavery in the British colony of Northern Rhodesia.
Radioordningen, the oldest and largest radio, television and electronic media company in Denmark, was established. The publicly funded company would be renamed Statsradiofonien in 1926 and Danmarks Radio in 1959, and is now known as "DR".
Anadolu Sigorta (Anatolian Security), the first national insurance company of Turkey, was established.
Mike Ballerino became the new World Jr. Lightweight Boxing Champion]] by defeating title holder Steve Sullivan in a unanimous decision at a 15-round bout in Philadelphia.
France and Turkey agreed on the autonomy of Alexandretta.
The Police Forces Amalgamation Act 1925 went into effect in the Republic of Ireland, after having been passed on February 27, 1922, consolidating the Garda Síochána and the Dublin Metropolitan Police into a single national police force.
American bank robber Harry Pierpont, who had led a gang in the hold-ups of six banks in Inidiana and Michigan since November 26, was arrested in a Detroit apartment, along with his accomplice Ted Skeer and Skeer's girlfriend Louise Brunner. In 1933, Pierpont would escape from prison and joing John Dillinger on a new string of bank robberies, Recaptured several months later, he would be executed on October 17, 1934.
The first Oklahoma flagthe second Oklahoma flag
A new flag was adopted for the U.S. state of Oklahoma, replacing the red flag (with a single star and the number 46 for the 46th state) that had been in use since 1911. The flag was designed by Louise Fluke, winner of a contest sponsored by the state's Daughters of the American Revolution. The only change to the flag in its first 100 years was the addition, in 1941, of the word "OKLAHOMA" on the banner.
Born:
Saqi (screen name for Abdul Latif Baloch), Iraqi-born Pakistani film and television actor who appeared in more than 500 films between 1955 and 1986; in Baghdad. (d.1986)
Hard Boiled Haggerty (ring name for Don Stansauk), American professional wrestler, pro football player, and actor (d. 2004)
Died:
C. E. Humphry (Charlotte Eliza Humphry), 81, Irish-born British feminist, jouurnalist and columnist who went by the byline "Madge".
The British government repealed the Reparation Recovery Act, which had placed import duties on German goods as a means of recovering reparations payments.
A flight billed as showing the first "in-flight movie" was conducted by Imperial Airways from London to Paris, showing The Lost World. Subsequent research has established that this was actually not the first, as the earliest known in-flight movie has been dated to 1921.
Investigative reporter Robert St. John was severely beaten by several of Al Capone's men after writing a series of exposés about Capone's criminal operations in the Chicago suburb of Cicero, Illinois.
Adolf Hitler formally renounced his Austrian citizenship, appearing before the High Magistrate in the city of Linz, and wrote that "I have been in Germany singe 1912, served in the German army for almost 6 years, including 4½ years at the front, and now intend to acquire German citizenship. For almost seven years, he would be stateless and unable to run for public office, until being granted German citizenship on February 26, 1932.
France's Chamber of Deputies voted, 389 to 140, to grant women the right to vote, something the Deputies had done in 1919. As in 1919, however, the Franch Senate refused to put the matter to a vote. Other attempts would fail in 1927, 1932, 1935 and 1936 before an action by General Charles de Gaulle in 1944 to decree women's suffrage.
The Australian government and British Colonial Office announced a joint plan to encourage 450,000 British citizens to move to Australia by offering low-interest loans and skills training, in accordance with the Empire Settlement Act 1922.
A group of airmen, including John D. Price, made the first planned night landing on a U.S. aircraft carrier when he landed his TS fighter biplane on the USS Langley, which was anchored off of North Island on the coast of California in the U.S.
The Trustee Act 1925, officially "An Act to consolidate certain enactments relating to trustees in England and Wales", was given royal assent by King George V, to take effect on January 1, 1926.
Two people were killed and 11 wounded in Damascus when a demonstration against Lord Balfour near the hotel where he was staying turned into a violent confrontation with police. Arabs resented Balfour's promotion of Jewish interests in Palestine.
The Russian city of Tsaritsyn was renamed Stalingrad to honor the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, Soviet Communist Party General Secretary, who had guided the defense of Tsaritsyn during the Russian Civil War in 1920. On November 10, 1961, as part of the Soviet program of "de-Stalinization" and the dismantling of Stalin's personality cult, the city would be given its present name, Volgograd.
French Prime Minister Édouard Herriot and his cabinet announced their resignations after losing a vote of confidence in the French Senate, with 156 against him and only 132 favoring him.
On the morning of Good Friday, police in Denver, Colorado, carried out a raid at the direction of Mayor Benjamin F. Stapleton, that led to the arrest of over 200 bootleggers, prostitutes, and gamblers in the city. Although Stapleton was a member of the Ku Klux Klan, whose members had benefited from the illegal institutions, and although the Klan had supported the campaign of Stapleton and of members of the Denver City Council, Stapleton declared his independence from the organization. The Klan would strip Stapleton of his KKK membership three months later.
U.S. Army Major Charles L. Kelly, American helicopter pilot and med evac specialist, nicknamed "Dustoff" for his daring flights into combat zones; in Wadley, Georgia (killed in Vietnam War, 1964)
Celtic F.C. defeated Dundee, 2 to 1 before a crowd of 75,317 at Hampden Park in Glasgow, to win the Scottish Cup of soccer football. In the 81st minute, Peter Wilson passed to Patsy Gallacher of Celtic was tackled and fell, but he gripped the ball in between his feet and somersaulted into the goal, tangling himself in the goalnet in the process, but scoring the winning point. In the regular season, Celtic had finished in fourth place behind Rangers (whom they beat, 5 to 0 in the semi-finals), Airderonians and Hibernian while Dundee had finished in eighth place.
Died:William Edgar Geil, 59, American explorer, photographer, and travel writer known for being the first American to have traveled the entire length of the 1,500 miles (2,400 km) Ming section of the Great Wall of China for his books and photographs, died of influenza in Italy while on his way home from Jerusalem.
April 12, 1925 (Sunday)
The Metropolitan Peter of Krutitsy (Pyotr Fyodorovich Polyansky) was installed as the new Patriarch of Moscow and leader of the Russian Orthodox Church, on the same day as the funeral for his predecessor, Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow. Tikhon's funeral in Moscow was the last major public Russian Orthodox Church event and the last major religious event in the Soviet Union for over 60 years. Peter, identified in Tikhon's will as one of three potential successors, was selected by the council of 59 bishops because "the first two were already in prison."
Following the example set by the United Kingdom on March 3, France agreed that its share of indemnities still owed by China for the Boxer Rebellion should go instead to railway construction in that nation.
Club Bolívar, one of the most successful soccer football teams in the South American nation of Bolivia, was founded in La Paz.
Died:Elwood Haynes, 67, American automobile manufacturer who (in 1894) created the Haynes-Apperson Pioneer, the second gasoline-powered auto in U.S. history, 10 months after Charles Duryea's 1893 Duryea Motor Wagon
April 14, 1925 (Tuesday)
Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria escaped an assassination attempt when a group of anarchists opened fire on his car as it traveled through the Arabakonak Pass. The King was traveling from Orhanie (now Botevgrad) to the capital, Sofia, when shots were fired at his vehicle from the high banks. King Boris was grazed by a bullet, said to have "clipped his mustache", while one of his servants and the director of the Bulgaria National Museum were killed.
Colin Eglin, white South African politician, anti-Apartheid activist, Leader of the Opposition 1977—1979 and 1986–1987; in Sea Point, Cape Town (d.2013)
Paquita Bernardo, 24, Argentine musician, tango music composer and player of the bandoneon, an accordion-like musical instrument, died of a respiratory illness.
Madge Oberholtzer, 28, whose violent rape on March 15 by D. C. Stephenson of the Ku Klux Klan of Indiana would lead to the collapse of the organization, died from a staph infecction, leading to a murder charge against her attacker.
What is now the Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, one of the busiest airports in the world, was founded with a groundbreaking on the site of The Atlanta Speedway, an abandoned racetrack, with 287 acres (116 ha) leased by the city at no cost for five years from Asa Candler of the Coca-Cola Company. The Candler Field airstrip would be ready by September 15, 1926, for its first flight.
Died:
David Powell, 42, Scottish-born actor, died of pneumonia.
General Stefan Nerezov, 47, Chief of Staff of the Bulgarian Army, was killed in the bombing of the St. Nedelya Church
Babe Ruth underwent surgery for what a sports historian would later dub "The Bellyache Heard 'Round the World", as the public was informed he'd suffered indigestion after consuming an excess of hot dogs and soda pop. Ten days earlier, Ruth had collapsed on a train while the New York Yankees were traveling to Asheville, North Carolina and he was hospitalized upon his return to New York. Conflicting accounts exist regarding the true nature of the surgery, but doctors called it "an intestinal abscess".
Art Larsen, American tennis player, known for winning the 1950 U.S. Open singles championship in 1950, for his eccentricities, and for his career-ending motor accident in 1956; in Hayward, California (d. 2012)
Died: Dr. Wong Fei-hung, 77, Chinese acupuncturist, martial artist and star of Hong Kong and Chinese film
April 18, 1925 (Saturday)
Rioting broke out in Italian stock exchanges during protests against a new government edict stipulating that 25 percent of the value of all stocks and bonds purchased must be paid for in cash. The law was an attempt to curb speculation to help stabilize the lira.
The San Francisco Chinese Hospital (SFCH), the only hospital in the United States with a specific mission of providing medical care for Chinese immigrants and the only one with a staff fluent in various dialects of the Chinese language, was opened at 835 Jackson Street in the city's Chinatown section with a dedication ceremony attended by Mayor James Rolph of San Francisco and Mayor John L. Davie of Oakland, as well as officials of the Chinese Hospital Association and leading Chinese physicians.
Bob Hastings, American radio and TV actor known for McHale's Navy, and as a voice actor for numerous TV shows as "Superboy"; in Brooklyn, New York (d. 2014)
Died:
Charles Ebbets, 65, majority owner of the Brooklyn Dodgers (at the time, the Brooklyn Robins), and Major League Baseball innovator, died from heart disease in his suite at the Waldorf-Astoria, two weeks after becoming ill after returning from the team's spring training camp.
Sir Rickman Godlee, 76, British neurosurgeon, known for performing (in 1884) the first removal of a brain tumor by operating on an exposed brain, improving on the technique used by Scottish surgeon William Macewen in 1879.
April 19, 1925 (Sunday)
Colo-Colo, the most successful and popular soccer football team in the South American nation of Chile, was founded at the El Llano Stadium in San Miguel, Santiago, by footballer David Arellano and some of his teammates who had also left the Deportes Magallanes club. The team was named in honor of Colocolo, Chief of the Mapuche's defense in the Arauco War against the Spanish colonists. In its first 100 years, including the 2024 season, Colo-Colo won 34 league championships.
Captain Manuel "Pete" Fernandez, American flying ace credited with shooting down 14 MiG fighters during the Korean War, recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross; in Key West, Florida (killed in plane crash, 1980)
Died:J. W. Smith, 80, American politician, Governor of Maryland 1900-1994 and U.S. Senator for Maryland from 1908 to 1921
April 20, 1925 (Monday)
Vitagraph Studios, founded in 1897 and the most successful movie company during the first two decades of the 20th century, was purchased from owner Albert E. Smith by the Warner Bros. studio, bringing an end to the Vitagraph company.
Minsky's Burlesque was raided by police in New York as authorities began to crack down on burlesque houses for featuring racy striptease performances. Although a minor incident at the time, it became famous when it was retold in the 1960 novel The Night They Raided Minsky's, which led to the 1968 musical comedy musical film of the same name.
All 38 crew of the Japanese cargo ship SS Raifuku Maru died when the ship sank in a storm while transporting wheat from the U.S. to Germany. After the ship's telegraphist, Masao Hiwatari, sent a distress singal "Now very danger! Come quick!", two British ocean liners, RMS Homeric and SS King Alexander reached the vessel off the coast of Nova Scotia and Canada, but were unable to get close enough for a rescue because of the heavy seas. Because the ship was listing at a 30-degree angle, none of the crew were able to lower lifeboats or to evacuate. RMS Homeric sent the message "Observed steamer Rafuku Maru sink in Lat 4143N Long 6139W Regret unable to save any lives.
In Saudi Arabia, as part of a campaign by the Wahhabi Muslim-led government of the former Kingdom of Nejd to eradicate shrines associated with the Hejaz Muslims, the mausoleums and domes at Al-Baqi Cemetery at Medina were torn down, along with markers of the gravesites of members of the family of the Prophet Muhammad.
Italian aviator Francesco de Pinedo and mechanic Ernesto Campanelli departed Rome on an unprecedented airplane trip with a goal of flying from Italy to Australia and then back to Rome by way of Tokyo. Pinedo's SIAI S.16flying boatGennariello would arrive in Australia on June 10 by way of what are now Greece, Iraq, Persia, Iran, Pakistan, India, Burma, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia and, after layovers in Autralia and Japan, return to Rome by November 7 to complete a 35,000 miles (56,000 km) journey.
King Features President Moses Koenigsberg presented a "Phonofilm", made by the company owned by inventor Lee de Forest, to a gathering of editors and publishers in New York City. Shot the week before, Calvin Coolidge became the first U.S. president to talk on film as he delivered a four-minute address.
The Peace Preservation Law was enacted in Japan to prohibit and to allow the Special Higher Police (Tokubetsu Kōtō Keisatsu or Tokkō) of the Home Ministry to arrest "anyone who has formed an association with the aim of altering the kokutai" (a vague reference to the "national essence" of Japan) or having "joined such an association with full knowledge of its object". Mere criticism of the government could be considered an attempt to alter the national essence in order to justify a person's arrest, and their incarceration for up to 10 years. Under the law, the "Thought Section" of the Tokubetsu was set up to monitor "dangerous thoughts" or "thought crime" within Japan and its territories. The Tokkō would arrest over 700,000 people until Japan's surrender in 1945 at the end of World War II.
André Caplet, 46, French composer and conductor, and former director of the Boston Grand Opera died from pleurisy after having been gassed in World War I.
Norman Thorne, 24, English chicken farmer convicted of murdering his fiancée Elsie Cameron, on December 5, 1924, and dismembering her body, was hanged at Wandsworth Prison on what would have been Miss Cameron's 27th birthday.
April 23, 1925 (Thursday)
The body of cave explorer Floyd Collins was removed from Sand Cave in what is now Mammoth Cave National Park, almost two months after he had become trapped underground and died. In 1927, Collins's remains would be exhumed and placed on display inside another cave, until being reburied in 1989.
Former German Crown Prince Wilhelm stated that he saw a chance for restoration of the German monarchy in the event of a victory for monarchist candidate Paul von Hindenburg in the April 26 election.
Shamrock Rovers F.C. of South Dublin finished in first place in the League of Ireland, the premier soccer football league of the Republic of Ireland, with a record of 13 wins and 5 draws, ahead of Bohemians, with 11 wins, 1 loss and 6 draws. In their two meetings, Shamrock Rovers and Bohemians had played to a 1 to 1 draw, and Bohemians' only loss was to third-place finisher Shelbourne F.C.
Kay E. Kuter, American TV actor; in Los Angeles (d. 2003)
April 26, 1925 (Sunday)
Paul von Hindenburg won the run-off of the German presidential election. Neither Karl Jarres (who had the plurality of almost 39% of the votes on March 29), and Otto Braun (who had 29%) participated in the second round. Hindenburg, who wasn't a candidate in the first round of voting finished ahead of Wilhelm Marx with 14,655,641 votes to Marx's 13,751,605.
Franz Kafka's final novel, Der Prozess (later translated to English in 1937 as The Trial) was published for the first time, a little more than nine months after his June 3, 1924 death.
The Berlin Mosque, designed by architect K. A. Hermann, was opened to German Muslims.
Born:
Michele Ferrero, owner of the chocolate manufacturer Ferrero SpA since 1949 and, at the time of death, 20th wealthiest person in the world and the richest person in Italy; near Turin in Dogliani, Piedmont (d.2015)
France began air raids in the Rif War in Morocco, employing the Armée de l'Air for the next nine years against the Moroccan nationalists.
Government High School was opened by the colonial government in the Bahamas as the first public high school for black Bahamians and for girls who had been excluded from all of the private schools in the colony.
Bulgarian authorities claimed they seized 400 pounds of explosives from conspirators plotting to blow up several public buildings in Varna.
The murder of William Plommer occurred in Sheffield, England. The case became international news as a gang of eleven men were arrested and tried.
The International Exposition of Modern Industrial and Decorative Arts (French: L'Exposition internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes) was inaugurated in Paris before a crowd of 4,000 invited guests, and opened to the public the next day. The term "Art Deco" was derived by shortening the French title of the exposition, and this show also did much to popularize the style worldwide. The exposition would continue for almost six months until closing on October 25.
English inventor Grindell Matthews announced he was putting the finishing touches on his "luminaphone", a machine operated by rays of light that worked like a pipe organ.
Died:
Ed McKeever, 66, co-owner of the Brooklyn Dodgers baseball team with Charles Ebbets, died 11 days after Ebbets had been stricken with a fatal heart attack. According to reports at the time, McKeever caught influenza while attending Ebbets's funeral.
Ralph D. Paine, 53, American journalist and author, died the day after he had become ill while serving on a federal grand jury in Concord, New Hampshire.
Hause, Steven C. (2002). "Union Française Pour Le Suffrage Des Femmes (UFSF)". In Helen Tierney (ed.). Women's Studies Encyclopedia. Greenwood Press. Retrieved 2015-03-13.
"New Plan to Develop Australia. Agreement With the Commonwealth. 450,000 Assisted Migraines in Ten Years", The Manchester Guardian, April 9, 1925, p.11
^ Mercer, Derrik (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. pp. 328–329. ISBN978-0-582-03919-3.
"Night Landings Made on Vessel", The San Diego Sun, April 8, 1925, p.1
"Frank S. Baldwin Inventor, Dies at 86. Originator of the Calculating Machine, the Anemometer and Many Other Devices". The New York Times. April 9, 1925.
"Abbie Carrington Lewys, Noted Singer, Dies at 69", Chicago Daily Tribune, April 9, 1925, p.12
"Joe's City Follows Him Into Obscurity". Miami News. November 11, 1961. p. 1
O'Brien, John (April 11, 1925). "Herriot and Cabinet Tender Resignations Which Are Accepted; President Doumergue Accepts Resignations; Vote Was 156 to 132 Against French Premier". The Atlanta Constitution. p. 1.
Campbell, Tom; Woods, Pat (1987). The Glory & The Dream. Grafton. p. 119. ISBN9780586200056.
"Viola Liuzzo and the Gendered Politics of Martyrdom: From Selma to Sorrow: The Life and Death of Viola Liuzzo", Mary Stanton, Harvard Women's Law Journal (2004)
"Noted U.S. Explorer and Lecturer Expires— Dr. William E. Geil, Known for Research Work, Claimed by Death in Venice, Italy", The Evening Star (Washington, D.C.), April 13, 1925, p.3
Husband, William, ed. (2000). The Human Tradition in Modern Russia. Scholarly Resources Inc. p. 89. ISBN0-8420-2857-9.
Timothy Ware (Bishop Kallistos of Diokleia), The Orthodox Church (Pelican Books, 1963) p.151 Peter would be arrested on December 10, and would never return from exile, being executed by the Soviets on October 10, 1937
Higgins, Jenny (2012). "Women in Politics". Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage. Memorial University of Newfoundland. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
"Air Express Line Opens— Success Scored by Ford Plane Regular Service Connecting Chicago and Detroit is Inaugurated Half-Ton of Freight Carried Between Cities in Less Than Three Hours", Los Angeles Times, April 14, 1925
"Stroke Kills John Singer Sargent— Famous American Painter Dies Few Hours After Attack at Home in England— Was 69", The Washington Daily News, April 15, 1925, p.1
"J. J. Arthur Dead", Edmonton Journal, April 15, 1925, p.1
"DEATH TAKES MADGE OBERHOLTZER— Poison Said to Have Been Self-Administered After Alleged Attack by D. C. Stephenson Fatal to Irvington Girl", The Indianapolis Times,
April 14, 1925, p.1
Ottinger, Charlotte Halsema (2021). Madge: The life and times of Madge Oberholtzer, the young Irvington woman who brought down D.C. Stephenson and the Ku Klux Klan. Irvington Historical Society Press. p. 166. ISBN978-1-880788-58-5.
Egan, Timothy (2023). A Fever in the Heartland: The Ku Klux Klan's Plot to Take Over America, and the Woman Who Stopped Them. Penguin. ISBN978-0735225268.
"Ogre, Killer of 26 Boys, Beheaded— Fritz Haarmann Walks Calmly to Guillotine, Repentant but Unafraid; Consults Pastor", The Washington Daily News, April 15, 1925, p.1
"Ebbets, Brooklyn Ball Magnate, Dead— Baseball Magnate Dead", Washington Times, April 18, 1925, p.1
"Plarr’s Lives of the Fellows"; other sources identify the date as April 19, 1925 ("Sir Rickman John Godlee", The Washington Post, April 21, 1925, p.9 stating "London, April 20 — Sir Rickman John Godlee, 76 years old, died last night at his home in Whitchurch.") or April 20, 1925
Kirkpatrick, Douglas B. (1984). "The first primary brain-tumor operation". Journal of Neurosurgery. 61 (5): 809–13. doi:10.3171/jns.1984.61.5.0809. PMID6387062.
^ Sebastián Salinas, Por empuje y coraje. Los Albos en la época amateur 1925-1933 ("By drive and courage: The Albos in the amateur era 1925-1933")(Centro de Estudios del Deporte, 2004)|p.44 ISBN9789562991254
"Manuel Fernandez, Korean War Ace, Killed Flying to Miami From Bahamas", by Joan Felischman and R. E. Dawkins, The Miami Herald, October 21, 1980, p.1A
"John Walter Smith Dies in His 81st Year; Former United States Senator and Governor Of Maryland; Stricken March 28", The Sun (Baltimore), April 20, 1925, p.8
Obidynski, EugeneEdward and Stankiewicz Zand Helena (1987). Polish folkways in America: community and family. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. p. 14.
"Obituary – Lady Frederick Cavendish", The Times (London), April 23, 1925, p.14.
"Norman Thorne Meets His Doom. Calmness on the Scaffold. Hanged on Elsie Cameron's Birthday.", The Evening Chronicle (Newcastle-upon-Tyne), April 22, 1925, p.4
"'Amana' and 'Asiri': Royal Slave Culture and the Colonial Regime in Kano", by Sean Stillwell, in Slavery and Colonial Rule in Africa, ed. by Suzanne Miers and Martin A. Klein (Routledge, 1999)
Marcel Jesenský, The Slovak–Polish Border, 1918-1947 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014) p.171
Clayton, John (April 25, 1925). "German Prince Sees Dictator, Then a Kaiser". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
Burns, Michael (1999), "Weber, Eugen", in Kelly Boyd (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, vol. 2, London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, pp. 1284–1285, ISBN1-884964-33-8
"Doumergue Opens World's Art Show; Twenty-one Nations Combine With France in a Fair That Is of Magnificent Proportions", The New York Times, April 29, 1925, p.4
Hardt, Ursula. From Caligari to California: Erich Pommer's life in the International Film Wars. Berghahn Books, 1996, p.232
"Ralph Paine Noted Writer Is Found Dead in His Hotel— Author of Many Boys' Books Became Ill While Serving On Grand Jury", The Wichita Daily Eagle, April 30, 1925, p.1
April 26, 1925: Paul von Hindenburg defeats Wilhelm Marx in German presidential runoff election.
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