| Central Greater Poland dialect | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Poland |
| Region | Central Greater Poland |
| Language family | Indo-European
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
The Central Greater Poland dialect (Polish: gwary środkowowielkopolskie) belongs to the Greater Poland dialect group and is located in the part of Poland. It borders the Northern Greater Poland dialect to the north, the Western Greater Poland dialect to the west, the Eastern Greater Poland dialect to the east, the Southern Greater Poland dialect to the south, and the Lesser Polish Sieradz dialect to the southeast. The subdialect of these villages is increasingly affected by Standard Polish, as demonstrated by the number of similar features.
Phonology
Typical of Greater Polish dialects, voicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present here. Also typical of Greater Polish dialects, mazuration is also not present.
Vowels
Final -ej is sometimes realized as -ij/-yj or -i/-y, and -aj as -ej. Like many Greater Polish dialects, monothongs were often diphthongized: myjszyj (myszy), however, this is now rare. A few words show a vowel shift of -eł- > -oł-: widołki (widełki), and some words do not see an ablauted e: mietła (miotła).
Slanted vowels
Slanted é often raises to i (after both hard and soft consonants) and to y (particularly after hard consonants). Slanted ó is retained ó. Slanted á raises to o.
Nasal vowels
Nasal ę and ą decompose word-medially to -iN-, -yN- and -oN-, -óN-. Word final -ę denasalizes to -e, and word-final -ą is typically realized as -om, -óm.
Prothesis
Word-initial o- often labializes to ô-.
Consonants
Many simplifications of clusters are present: tero (teraz), jes (jest), wszysko (wszystko). Often ł is lost when next to u: pótory (półtory) or intervocalically: byoᵉ (było). A common shift of trz, drz>czsz, dżż>cz, dż, strz, zdrz>szczsz, żdżż>szcz, żdż is present. ch in some positions, especially weak positions, can be realized as k: skła (schła). Doubled consonants are simplified into a single one.
Contraction
Non-contracted forms can be found: stojały (stały).
Inflection
The inflectional tendencies of this dialect are typical of other Greater Polish dialects.
Nouns
A few nouns differ in gender from Standard Polish. Mobile e is sometimes not lost in declensions in certain declensions: myndele (myndle). -ów is usually used as the genitive plural ending, regardless of gender. The instrumental plural ending -mi is often levelled to -ami: końmi (koniami).
Adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and numerals
The feminine genitive/locative singular and comparative of adverbs may be -y/- instead of -ej as a result of sound changes.
Verbs
The second person singular imperative may be -ej instead of -aj as a result of sound changes. -ił/-ył of past tense endings shift to -uł. The past tense is sometimes formed without the personal clitics: my musieli (musieliśmy).
Prepositions and prefixes
The prepositions w and z are extended to we and ze if the following word begins with w or z.
Vocabulary
Word-Formation
The word formation process of this dialect are typical of Greater Polish dialects.
Nouns
Common noun-forming suffixes include: -acz/-aczka, -ak/-ok, -arka, -arnia, -arz, -aty/-yty, -ec, -ek, -ik/-yk, -ica, -icha, -isko/-ysko, -nik, -ówka, and -ówa.
Adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and numerals
Some adjectives are formed with -anny instead of standard -any. In Łowęcin particularly, some numeral prefixes are used without an interfix/in non-declined forms: cztyryskibowy (czteroskibowy), pińćskibowy (pięcioskibowy).
Syntax
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See also
References
- ^ Karaś, Halina (2010). "Wielkopolska środkowa". dialektologia.uw.edu.pl. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
- ^ Kobus, Justyna; Osowski, Błażej (2010). "Wielkopolska środkowa". dialektologia.uw.edu.pl. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
| Polish language | |
|---|---|
| Greater Poland dialect group | |
| Masovian dialect group | |
| Lesser Poland dialect group | |
| Goral ethnolect | |
| Kresy dialects | |
| Urban dialects | |