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Clavelinidae
Clavelina lepadiformis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Subphylum:	Tunicata
Class:	Ascidiacea
Order:	Aplousobranchia
Family:	Clavelinidae Forbes & Hanley, 1848
Type genus
Clavelina Savigny, 1816
Synonyms
Pycnoclavellidae Kott, 1990

Clavelinidae is a family of tunicates in the order Aplousobranchia.

Genera

As of 2024, WoRMS recognizes the following genera in the family Clavelinidae:

• Clavelina Savigny, 1816
• Euclavella Kott, 1990
• Nephtheis Gould, 1856
• Pycnoclavella Garstang, 1891

Phylogeny

Pycnoclavella has occasionally been placed in a separate family, Pycnoclavellidae, although phylogenetic studies have recovered it as a relative of Clavelina. In multiple analyses, the monotypic genus Nephtheis appears to branch from within Clavelina.

References

1. Forbes, Edward; Hanley, Sylvanus (1853) . "Clavelinidæ; or, Social Ascidians". A History of British Mollusca, and Their Shells. Vol. I. Including the Tunicata, and the Families of Lamellibranchiata as far as Cyprinidæ. London: John van Voorst. pp. 25–28.
2. ^ Shenkar, N., Gittenberger, A., Lambert, G., Rius, M., Moreira Da Rocha, R., Swalla, B.J., Turon, X. (2018). Shenkar N, Gittenberger A, Lambert G, Rius M, Moreira Da Rocha R, Swalla BJ, Turon X (eds.). "Clavelinidae Forbes & Hanley, 1848". Ascidiacea World Database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
3. Pérez-Portela, Rocío; Turon, Xavier (2008). "Phylogenetic relationships of the Clavelinidae and Pycnoclavellidae (Ascidiacea) inferred from mtDNA data". Invertebrate Biology. 127 (1): 108–120. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2007.00112.x. JSTOR 40206249.
4. Kott, Patricia (1990). "The Australian Ascidiacea Part 2, Aplousobranchia (1)". Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 29 (1): 66–67.
5. Pérez‐Portela, Rocío; Turon, Xavier (January 2008). "Phylogenetic relationships of the Clavelinidae and Pycnoclavellidae (Ascidiacea) inferred from mtDNA data". Invertebrate Biology. 127 (1): 108–120. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2007.00112.x. ISSN 1077-8306.
6. Hasegawa, Naohiro; Kajihara, Hiroshi (2024). "Graveyards of Giant Pandas at the Bottom of the Sea? A Strange-Looking New Species of Colonial Ascidians in the Genus Clavelina (Tunicata: Ascidiacea)". Species Diversity: 53–64. doi:10.12782/specdiv.29.53. Retrieved 2024-02-19.

v t e Tunicate genera
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Clade: Olfactores
Tunicata Appendicularia (Larvacea) Kowalevskia Fritillariidae Appendicularia Fritillaria Tectillaria Oikopleuridae Althoffia Bathochordaeus Chunopleura Folia Megalocercus Mesochordaeus Mesoikopleura Oikopleura Pelagopleura Sinisteroffia Stegosoma Stolidobranchia (Pleurogona)¹ Molgulidae Anomopera Asajirus Bostrichobranchus Eugyra Fungulus Gamaster Minipera Molgula Molguloides Namiella Oligotrema Paramolgula Pareugyrioides Protomolgula Rhizomolgula Pyuridae Bathypera Bathypyura Boltenia Bolteniopsis Claudenus Cratostigma Ctenyura Culeolus Halocynthia Hartmeyeria Hemistyela Herdmania Heterostigma Microcosmus Paraculeolus Pyura Styelidae Alloeocarpa Amphicarpa Arnbackia Asterocarpa Bathyoncus Bathystyeloides Berillia Botryllocarpa Botrylloides Botryllus Chorizocarpa Cnemidocarpa Dendrodoa Dextrocarpa Dicarpa Distomus Eusynstyela Gynandrocarpa Kukenthalia Metandrocarpa Monandrocarpa Oculinaria Oligocarpa Pelonaia Podostyela Polyandrocarpa Polycarpa Polyzoa Protostyela Psammostyela Seriocarpa Stolonica Styela Symplegma Syncarpa Theodorella Tibitin Thaliacea Pyrosomatidae Pyrosoma Pyrosomella Pyrostremma Salpidae Brooksia Cyclosalpa Helicosalpa Iasis Ihlea Metcalfina Pegea Ritteriella Salpa Soestia Thalia Thetys Traustedtia Doliolida Doliopsoides Paradoliopsis Pseudusa Doliopsidae Doliolula Doliopsis Doliolidae Dolioletta Doliolina Dolioloides Doliolum Enterogona¹ see below↓
Enterogona Aplousobranchia Euherdmania Placentela Stomozoa Vitrum Clavelinidae Clavelina Euclavella Nephtheis Pycnoclavella Diazonidae Diazona Pseudodiazona Pseudorhopalaea Rhopalaea Tylobranchion Didemnidae Atriolum Clitella Coelocormus Didemnum Diplosoma Leptoclinides Lissoclinum Polysyncraton Trididemnum Holozoidae Distaplia Hypodistoma Hypsistozoa Neodistoma Polydistoma Protoholozoa Pseudoplacentela Scotiazoa Sigillina Sycozoa Polycitoridae Archidistoma Brevicollus Cystodytes Eucoelium Eudistoma "Exostoma" Millarus Polycitor Polycitorella Rhombifera Salix Polyclinidae Aplidiopsis Aplidium Morchellioides Morchellium Neodictyon Polyclinella Polyclinum Sidneioides Synoicum Protopolyclinidae Condominium Monniotus Protopolyclinum Pseudodistomidae Anadistoma Citorclinum Pseudodistoma Ritterellidae Dumus Pharyngodictyon Ritterella Phlebobranchia Dimeatus Hypobythius Agneziidae Adagnesia Agnezia Caenagnesia Proagnesia Pterygascidia Ascidiidae Ascidia Ascidiella Fimbrora Phallusia Psammascidia Cionidae Araneum Ciona Tantillulum Corellidae Abyssascidia Chelyosoma Clatripes Corella Corelloides Corellopsis Corynascidia Dextrogaster Mysterascidia Rhodosoma Xenobranchion Octacnemidae Benthascidia Cibacapsa Cryptia Dicopia Kaikoja Megalodicopia Myopegma Octacnemus Polyoctacnemus Situla Perophoridae Ecteinascidia Perophora Plurellidae Microgastra Plurella
Tunicate-like fossils Ediacaran Ausia Burykhia Finkoella Pharyngomorpha Yarnemia Cambrian Cheungkongella Megasiphon Shankouclava Later Palaeoquadrum Quadrifolium Toscanisoma Khmeriamorpha Khmeria Zardinisoma Ichnotaxa Catellocaula
¹Part of the paraphyletic class Ascidiacea Category Commons

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