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Comparison of functional programming languages

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The table shows a comparison of functional programming languages which compares various features and designs of different functional programming languages.

Name Pure Lazy evaluation Typing Abstract data types Algebraic data types Data is immutable Type classes Garbage collection First appeared
Common Lisp No Simulated with thunks Dynamic Yes Extension No ? Yes 1984
Scheme No Yes Dynamic Yes Simulated with thunks No No Yes 1975
Racket No Default in Lazy Racket Dynamic by default, gradual with Typed Racket Yes Yes, with Algebraic Racket Partial No Yes 1995
Clojure No Yes Dynamic Yes Yes Yes No Yes 2007
Standard ML No No Static Yes Yes Yes No Yes 1983
OCaml No Yes Static Yes Yes Yes Simulated with parametric modules Yes 1996
F# No Yes Static Yes Yes Yes No Yes 2005
Haskell Yes Default Static Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 1990
Scala No Yes Static Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 2004
JavaScript No Extension Dynamic Extension Extension Partial ? Yes 1995
Clean Yes Yes, with optional strictness annotations Static with uniqueness/optionally dynamic Yes Yes Yes, except for unique types Yes Yes 1987
Miranda Yes Default Static Yes Yes Yes No Yes 1986
SASL Yes Yes Dynamic Yes Yes Yes No Yes 1972
Elixir No Stream module Dynamic Yes No Yes ? Yes 2012
Erlang No No Dynamic Yes No Yes ? Yes 1986
Elm Yes No Static ? Yes Yes No Yes 2012
Futhark Yes No Static Yes Yes Yes No Yes 2014
Python No Simulated with generators Dynamic Yes No Partial ? Yes 1991
Idris Yes Yes Static Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 2007
Nix Yes No Static No Yes Yes No Yes 2003
Wolfram Language No No Static Yes Yes Yes No Yes 1988
Kotlin No Lazy delegation and Sequence Static Yes No Yes No Yes 2011
Swift No No Static Yes Yes Yes No Swift uses Automatic Reference Counting, which differs from tracing garbage collection but is designed to provide similar benefits with better performance. 2014
Julia No No Dynamic Yes No Partial ? Yes 2012
PureScript Yes No Static Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 2013
Rust No Lazy iterators and external libraries Static Yes Yes Yes Yes, through traits No 2010
Bosque No No Static Yes Yes Yes ? Yes 2019
D Optional Optional Static ? Yes Yes No Yes 2001
Gleam No Experimental external libraries Static Yes Yes Yes No Yes 2019

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