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Dicerorhinus Temporal range: Late Miocene–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Rapunzel, a Sumatran Rhino in the Bronx Zoo
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Perissodactyla
Family:	Rhinocerotidae
Tribe:	Dicerorhinini
Genus:	Dicerorhinus Gloger, 1841
Species
†Dicerorhinus fusuiensis †Dicerorhinus gwebinensis Dicerorhinus sumatrensis

Dicerorhinus (Greek: "two" (dio), "horn" (keratos), "nose" (rhinos)) is a genus of the family Rhinocerotidae, consisting of a single extant species, the two-horned Sumatran rhinoceros (D. sumatrensis), and several extinct species. The genus likely originated from the Late Miocene of central Myanmar. Many species previously placed in this genus probably belong elsewhere.

Taxonomy

Species provisionally considered valid include:

• †Dicerorhinus fusuiensis originally described as Rhinoceros fusuiensis Early Pleistocene, South China.
• †Dicerorhinus gwebinensis Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein et al., 2008 Known from a skull of Pliocene-Early Pleistocene age found in Myanmar. Some authors have considered the skull not distinguishable from that of D. sumatrensis.

Historically, Dicerorhinus was a wastebasket taxon. Revisions by several authors over the years have removed many species:

Transferred to Stephanorhinus

• Dicerorhinus merckii
• Dicerorhinus hemitoechus
• Dicerorhinus etruscus
• Dicerorhinus yunchuchenensis
• Dicerorhinus jeanvireti
• Dicerorhinus choukoutienensis (synonym of Merck's rhinoceros)
• Dicerorhinus orientalis (synonym of Merck's rhinoceros)
• Dicerorhinus nipponicus

Transferred to Dihoplus

• Dicerorhinus megarhinus
• Dicerorhinus schleiermacheri
• Dicerorhinus ringstroemi

Transferred to Caementodon

• Dicerorhinus caucasicus

Transferred to Lartetotherium

• Dicerorhinus sansaniensis
• Dicerorhinus cixianensis Chen and Wu, 1976

Transferred to Rusingaceros

• Dicerorhinus leakeyi

Placement of the Sumatran rhinoceros among recent and subfossil rhinoceros species based on nuclear genomes (Liu, 2021)

Bayesian morphological phylogeny (Pandolfi, 2023) Note: This excludes living African rhinoceros species.

References

1. "Glossary. American Museum of Natural History". Archived from the original on 20 November 2021.
2. Longuet, M.; Handa, N.; Zin-Maung- Maung-Thein; Thaung- Htike; Man-Thit- Nyein; Takai, M. (2024). "Post-cranial remains of Rhinocerotidae from the Neogene of central Myanmar: morphological descriptions and comparisons with ratios". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2408617.
3. ^ Tong, Hao-wen (2012). "Evolution of the non-Coelodonta dicerorhine lineage in China". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 11 (8): 555–562. Bibcode:2012CRPal..11..555T. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2012.06.002.
4. Antoine, P.-O.; Reyes, M. C.; Amano, N.; Bautista, A. P.; Chang, C.-H.; Claude, J.; De Vos, J.; Ingicco, T. (2021). "A new rhinoceros clade from the Pleistocene of Asia sheds light on mammal dispersals to the Philippines". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 194 (2): 416–430. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab009.
5. Pandolfi, Luca (2023-01-19). "Reassessing the phylogeny of Quaternary Eurasian Rhinocerotidae". Journal of Quaternary Science. 38 (3): 291–294. Bibcode:2023JQS....38..291P. doi:10.1002/jqs.3496. hdl:11563/163194. ISSN 0267-8179.
6. Yan, Yaling; Wang, Yuan; Jin, Changzhu; Mead, Jim I. (December 2014). "New remains of Rhinoceros (Rhinocerotidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) associated with Gigantopithecus blacki from the Early Pleistocene Yanliang Cave, Fusui, South China". Quaternary International. 354: 110–121. Bibcode:2014QuInt.354..110Y. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.01.004.
7. Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein; Takai, Masanaru; Tsubamoto, Takehisa; Thaung-Htike; Egi, Naoko; Maung-Maung (November 2008). "A NEW SPECIES OF DICERORHINUS (RHINOCEROTIDAE) FROM THE PLIO-PLEISTOCENE OF MYANMAR". Palaeontology. 51 (6): 1419–1433. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00813.x.
8. Chen, Shaokun; Pang, Libo; Yan, Yaling; Wei, Guangbiao; Yue, Zongying (August 2021). "First Discovery of Dicerorhinus sumatrensis from Yanjinggou Provides Insights into the Pleistocene Rhinocerotidae of South China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 95 (4): 1065–1072. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.14719. ISSN 1000-9515.
9. Handa, N.; Kohno, N.; Kudo, Y. (2019). "Reappraisal of a middle Pleistocene rhinocerotid (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the Matsugae Cave, Fukuoka Prefecture, southwestern Japan". Historical Biology. 33 (4): 218–229. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1604699. S2CID 145930245.
10. Antoine, P. O. (2003). "Middle Miocene elasmotheriine Rhinocerotidae from China and Mongolia: Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic relationships". Zoologica Scripta. 32 (2): 95–118. doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00106.x. S2CID 86800130.
11. Deng, T.; Li, S., 2023. Restudy of Rhinocerotini fossils from the Miocene Jiulongkou fauna of China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 61: 198-211 - DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.230630
12. Liu, Shanlin; Westbury, Michael V.; Dussex, Nicolas; Mitchell, Kieren J.; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Heintzman, Peter D.; Duchêne, David A.; Kapp, Joshua D.; von Seth, Johanna; Heiniger, Holly; Sánchez-Barreiro, Fátima (August 2021). "Ancient and modern genomes unravel the evolutionary history of the rhinoceros family". Cell. 184 (19): 4874–4885.e16. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.032. hdl:10230/48693. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 34433011. S2CID 237273079.
13. Pandolfi, Luca (2023-01-19). "Reassessing the phylogeny of Quaternary Eurasian Rhinocerotidae". Journal of Quaternary Science. 38 (3): 291–294. Bibcode:2023JQS....38..291P. doi:10.1002/jqs.3496. hdl:11563/163194. ISSN 0267-8179.

• Groves, Colin P., and Fred Kurt (1972). "Dicerorhinus sumatrensis". Mammalian Species (21): 1–6.
• "A new species of Dicerorhinus (Rhinocerotidae) from the Plio-Pleistocene of Myanmar" Archived 2020-10-11 at the Wayback Machine

v t e Extant Perissodactyla (Odd-toed ungulates) species by suborder
Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Infraclass Eutheria Superorder Laurasiatheria
Hippomorpha Equidae (Horse family) Equus (including Zebras) Subgenus Equus: Wild horse (E. ferus) Przewalski's horse (E. f. przewalskii) Domestic horse (E. caballus) Subgenus Asinus: African wild ass (E. africanus) Donkey (E. asinus) Onager (E. hemionus) Kiang (E. kiang) Subgenus Hippotigris: Plains zebra (E. quagga) Mountain zebra (E. zebra) Grévy's zebra (E. grevyi)
Ceratomorpha Rhinocerotidae (Rhinoceroses) Rhinoceros Indian rhinoceros (R. unicornis) Javan rhinoceros (R. sondaicus) Dicerorhinus Sumatran rhinoceros (D. sumatrensis) Ceratotherium White rhinoceros (C. simum) Diceros Black rhinoceros (D. bicornis) Tapiridae (Tapirs) Tapirus Baird's tapir (T. bairdii) Mountain tapir (T. pinchaque) South American tapir (T. terrestris) Malayan tapir (T. indicus)
Category

v t e Perissodactyla
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Perissodactyla
Perissodactyla Incertae sedis †Ghazijhippus †Mesolambdolophus †Olbitherium †Anthracobunia Radinskya †Anthracobunidae Anthracobune Hsanotherium Jozaria Obergfellia †Cambaytheriidae Cambaytherium Kalitherium Nakusia Perissobune †Brontotheriidae See Brontotheriidae Equoidea †Cymbalophus †Hallensia †Pliolophus †Systemodon Equidae See Equidae †Palaeotheriidae †Pachynolophinae Anchilophus Bepitherium Eurohippus Hyracotherium Lijiangia Lophiohippus Lophiotherium Metanchilophus Orolophus Pachynolophus Paranchilophus Propalaeotherium Qianohippus †Palaeotheriinae Cantabrotherium Iberolophus Idiodontherium Leptolophus Mekodontherium Metaplagiolophus Palaeotherium Paraplagiolophus Plagiolophus Pseudopalaeotherium †Hyopsodontidae? Aletodon Chacomylus Dorraletes Haplaletes Haplomylus Hyopsodus Litomylus Louisina Monshyus Paratricuspiodon Paschatherium Phenacodaptes Tricuspiodon †Phenacodontidae? Tetraclaenodon †Meniscotheriinae Ectocion Meniscotherium †Phenacodontinae Almogaver Copecion Eodesmatodon Lophocion Phenacodus Tapiromorpha See below↓
Tapiromorpha Incertae sedis †Cambaylophus †Skopaiolophus †Isectolophidae Chowliia Gandheralophus Karagalax Meridiolophus Orientolophus Sastrilophus †Homogalaxinae Homogalax †Isectolophinae Isectolophus Schizolophodon †Ancylopoda See Ancylopoda Ceratomorpha Tapiroidea †Deperetellidae Bahinolophus Deperetella Irenolophus Teleolophus †Helaletidae Colodon Dilophodon Helaletes Heptodon Heteraletes Paracolodon Plesiocolopirus Thuliadanta? Vastanolophus Tapiridae †Eotapirus †Miotapirus †Nexuotapirus †Paratapirus †Plesiotapirus †Protapirus †Tapiravus Tapirus Rhinocerotoidea See below↓
Rhinocerotoidea Rhinocerotoidea sensu lato †Breviodon †Fouchia †Minchenoletes †Siamolophus †Triplopus †Yimengia †Indolophidae Indolophus Rhinocerotoidea sensu stricto †Selenaletes †Hyrachyidae Hyrachyus †Eggysodontidae Allacerops Eggysodon Guangnanodon Proeggysodon †Hyracodontidae Ardynia Ephyrachyus Epitriplophus Hyracodon Prohyracodon Rhodopagus Triplopides †Amynodontidae Amynodontopsis Armania Cadurcotherium Caenolophus Huananodon Hypsamynodon Procadurcodon Rostriamynodon Teilhardia †Amynodontinae Amynodon †Cadurcodontini Cadurcodon Lushiamynodon Sharamynodon Sianodon †Metamynodontini Gigantamynodon Megalamynodon Metamynodon Paramynodon Zaisanamynodon †Paraceratheriidae †Forstercooperiinae Forstercooperia Gobicerops Pappaceras †Paraceratheriinae Aralotherium Dzungarotherium Juxia Paraceratherium Urtinotherium Rhinocerotidae See below↓
Rhinocerotidae Rhinocerotidae †Amphicaenopus †Epiaceratherium †Guixia †Teletaceras †Uintaceras †Woodoceras †Aceratheriinae Aceratherium Acerorhinus Alicornops Aphelops Chilotheridium Chilotherium Floridaceras Galushaceras Hoploaceratherium Mesaceratherium Peraceras Persiatherium Plesiaceratherium Ronzotherium Shansirhinus Sinorhinus Subchilotherium †Elasmotheriinae Gulfoceras Victoriaceros †Diceratheriini Diceratherium Penetrigonias Skinneroceras Subhyracodon Trigonias †Elasmotheriini Bugtirhinus Caementodon Elasmotherium Hispanotherium Iranotherium Kenyatherium Meninatherium Menoceras Ninxiatherium Ningxiatherium Ougandatherium Parelasmotherium Procoelodonta Sinotherium Tongxinotherium Rhinocerotinae †Dromoceratherium †Lartetotherium †Molassitherium †Protaceratherium †Teleoceratini Aprotodon Brachydiceratherium Brachypotherium Diaceratherium Prosantorhinus Shennongtherium Teleoceras Rhinocerotina Dicerorhinini †Coelodonta Dicerorhinus †Dihoplus †Pliorhinus †Stephanorhinus Dicerotini Ceratotherium Diceros †Miodiceros †Paradiceros Rhinocerotini †Gaindatherium †Nesorhinus Rhinoceros †Rusingaceros

• Dicerorhinus
• Dicerorhinini
• Mammal genera
• Mammal genera with one living species