Misplaced Pages

Diceros Temporal range: Late Miocene–Holocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Possible Early Miocene record
Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Perissodactyla
Family:	Rhinocerotidae
Tribe:	Dicerotini
Genus:	Diceros Gray, 1821
Species
Diceros bicornis †Diceros australis? †Diceros praecox †Diceros douariensis †Diceros australis †Diceros gansuensis †Diceros primaevus

Diceros (Greek: "two" (dio), "horn" (keratos)) is a genus of rhinoceros containing the extant black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) and several extinct species.

Taxonomy

Diceros is more closely related to the genus Ceratotherium (which contains the white rhinoceros) than it is to other living rhinoceroses, with the clade containing the two comprising the tribe Dicerotini (also spelled Diceroti) or subtribe Dicerotina.

Diceros has been suggested by some authors to have branched off from an early species of Ceratotherium, specifically C. neumayri, which has also been assigned to Diceros in some studies. However, other authors have disputed the close relationship between Diceros and "C". neumayri.

The oldest species assigned to the genus is "Diceros" australis from the Early Miocene of Namibia, dating to around 17-18 million years ago. It is only known from fragmentary remains, and its assignment to the genus, and even to Dicerotini have been questioned by other authors. Other species assigned to the genus include Diceros praecox from the Late Miocene (from about 7 million years ago) and the Pliocene of Sub-Saharan Africa. D. praecox has been suggested by some authors to be the ancestor of the modern D. bicornis. Diceros primaevus is known from the Late Miocene (c. 12-10 million years ago) of Algeria. Diceros douariensis is known from the Late Miocene of Tunisia and possibly Ethiopia. Some authors have assigned this species to Ceratotherium. The species Diceros gansuensis has been reported from the Late Miocene of China, dating to around 10 million years ago. The earliest remains assigned to the modern black rhinoceros are known the Late Miocene (around 7 million years ago) of East Africa, though other authors have considered the earliest remains of the species to date to the earliest Pleistocene around 2.6 million years ago at Koobi Fora, Kenya.

References

1. "Glossary. American Museum of Natural History". Archived from the original on 20 November 2021.
2. Werdelin, Lars; Sanders, William Joseph (2010). Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press. p. 679. ISBN 9780520257214.
3. ^ Giaourtsakis, Ioannis X. (2022), Vlachos, Evangelos (ed.), "The Fossil Record of Rhinocerotids (Mammalia: Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae) in Greece", Fossil Vertebrates of Greece Vol. 2, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 409–500, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68442-6_14, ISBN 978-3-030-68441-9, retrieved 2023-11-20
4. Geraads, Denis (2005). "Pliocene Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia) from Hadar and Dikka (Lower Awash, Ethiopia), and a revision of the origin of modern African rhinos" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (2): 451–461. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0451:PRMFHA]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 4524458.
5. Guérin C (2000) The Neogene rhinoceroses of Namibia. Palaeontol Africana 36:119–138
6. ^ Handa, Naoto; Nakatsukasa, Masato; Kunimatsu, Yutaka; Nakaya, Hideo (2019-02-07). "Additional specimens of Diceros (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from the Upper Miocene Nakali Formation in Nakali, central Kenya". Historical Biology. 31 (2): 262–273. doi:10.1080/08912963.2017.1362560. ISSN 0891-2963.
7. Geraads, Denis (2005). "Pliocene Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia) from Hadar and Dikka (Lower Awash, Ethiopia), and a revision of the origin of modern African rhinos" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (2): 451–461. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0451:PRMFHA]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 4524458.
8. Pandolfi (2018). Evolutionary history of Rhinocerotina (Mammalia, Perissodactyla). Fossilia, Volume 2018
9. DENG Tao, QIU Zhan-Xiang . First Discovery of Diceros (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) in China . Vertebrata Palasiatica, 2007, 45(4): 287-306.
10. Geraads, D., 2010. Rhinocerotidae Archived 4 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine, in: Werdelin, L., Sanders, W.J. (eds), Cenozoic mammals of Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 669-683

External links

• Media related to Diceros at Wikimedia Commons
• Data related to Diceros at Wikispecies

v t e Extant Perissodactyla (Odd-toed ungulates) species by suborder
Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Infraclass Eutheria Superorder Laurasiatheria
Hippomorpha Equidae (Horse family) Equus (including Zebras) Subgenus Equus: Wild horse (E. ferus) Przewalski's horse (E. f. przewalskii) Domestic horse (E. caballus) Subgenus Asinus: African wild ass (E. africanus) Donkey (E. asinus) Onager (E. hemionus) Kiang (E. kiang) Subgenus Hippotigris: Plains zebra (E. quagga) Mountain zebra (E. zebra) Grévy's zebra (E. grevyi)
Ceratomorpha Rhinocerotidae (Rhinoceroses) Rhinoceros Indian rhinoceros (R. unicornis) Javan rhinoceros (R. sondaicus) Dicerorhinus Sumatran rhinoceros (D. sumatrensis) Ceratotherium White rhinoceros (C. simum) Diceros Black rhinoceros (D. bicornis) Tapiridae (Tapirs) Tapirus Baird's tapir (T. bairdii) Mountain tapir (T. pinchaque) South American tapir (T. terrestris) Malayan tapir (T. indicus)
Category

v t e Perissodactyla
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Perissodactyla
Perissodactyla Incertae sedis †Ghazijhippus †Mesolambdolophus †Olbitherium †Anthracobunia Radinskya †Anthracobunidae Anthracobune Hsanotherium Jozaria Obergfellia †Cambaytheriidae Cambaytherium Kalitherium Nakusia Perissobune †Brontotheriidae See Brontotheriidae Equoidea †Cymbalophus †Hallensia †Pliolophus †Systemodon Equidae See Equidae †Palaeotheriidae †Pachynolophinae Anchilophus Bepitherium Eurohippus Hyracotherium Lijiangia Lophiohippus Lophiotherium Metanchilophus Orolophus Pachynolophus Paranchilophus Propalaeotherium Qianohippus †Palaeotheriinae Cantabrotherium Iberolophus Idiodontherium Leptolophus Mekodontherium Metaplagiolophus Palaeotherium Paraplagiolophus Plagiolophus Pseudopalaeotherium †Hyopsodontidae? Aletodon Chacomylus Dorraletes Haplaletes Haplomylus Hyopsodus Litomylus Louisina Monshyus Paratricuspiodon Paschatherium Phenacodaptes Tricuspiodon †Phenacodontidae? Tetraclaenodon †Meniscotheriinae Ectocion Meniscotherium †Phenacodontinae Almogaver Copecion Eodesmatodon Lophocion Phenacodus Tapiromorpha See below↓
Tapiromorpha Incertae sedis †Cambaylophus †Skopaiolophus †Isectolophidae Chowliia Gandheralophus Karagalax Meridiolophus Orientolophus Sastrilophus †Homogalaxinae Homogalax †Isectolophinae Isectolophus Schizolophodon †Ancylopoda See Ancylopoda Ceratomorpha Tapiroidea †Deperetellidae Bahinolophus Deperetella Irenolophus Teleolophus †Helaletidae Colodon Dilophodon Helaletes Heptodon Heteraletes Paracolodon Plesiocolopirus Thuliadanta? Vastanolophus Tapiridae †Eotapirus †Miotapirus †Nexuotapirus †Paratapirus †Plesiotapirus †Protapirus †Tapiravus Tapirus Rhinocerotoidea See below↓
Rhinocerotoidea Rhinocerotoidea sensu lato †Breviodon †Fouchia †Minchenoletes †Siamolophus †Triplopus †Yimengia †Indolophidae Indolophus Rhinocerotoidea sensu stricto †Selenaletes †Hyrachyidae Hyrachyus †Eggysodontidae Allacerops Eggysodon Guangnanodon Proeggysodon †Hyracodontidae Ardynia Ephyrachyus Epitriplophus Hyracodon Prohyracodon Rhodopagus Triplopides †Amynodontidae Amynodontopsis Armania Cadurcotherium Caenolophus Huananodon Hypsamynodon Procadurcodon Rostriamynodon Teilhardia †Amynodontinae Amynodon †Cadurcodontini Cadurcodon Lushiamynodon Sharamynodon Sianodon †Metamynodontini Gigantamynodon Megalamynodon Metamynodon Paramynodon Zaisanamynodon †Paraceratheriidae †Forstercooperiinae Forstercooperia Gobicerops Pappaceras †Paraceratheriinae Aralotherium Dzungarotherium Juxia Paraceratherium Urtinotherium Rhinocerotidae See below↓
Rhinocerotidae Rhinocerotidae †Amphicaenopus †Epiaceratherium †Guixia †Teletaceras †Uintaceras †Woodoceras †Aceratheriinae Aceratherium Acerorhinus Alicornops Aphelops Chilotheridium Chilotherium Floridaceras Galushaceras Hoploaceratherium Mesaceratherium Peraceras Persiatherium Plesiaceratherium Ronzotherium Shansirhinus Sinorhinus Subchilotherium †Elasmotheriinae Gulfoceras Victoriaceros †Diceratheriini Diceratherium Penetrigonias Skinneroceras Subhyracodon Trigonias †Elasmotheriini Bugtirhinus Caementodon Elasmotherium Hispanotherium Iranotherium Kenyatherium Meninatherium Menoceras Ninxiatherium Ningxiatherium Ougandatherium Parelasmotherium Procoelodonta Sinotherium Tongxinotherium Rhinocerotinae †Dromoceratherium †Lartetotherium †Molassitherium †Protaceratherium †Teleoceratini Aprotodon Brachydiceratherium Brachypotherium Diaceratherium Prosantorhinus Shennongtherium Teleoceras Rhinocerotina Dicerorhinini †Coelodonta Dicerorhinus †Dihoplus †Pliorhinus †Stephanorhinus Dicerotini Ceratotherium Diceros †Miodiceros †Paradiceros Rhinocerotini †Gaindatherium †Nesorhinus Rhinoceros †Rusingaceros

• Mammals
• Animals
• Biology

This article about an odd-toed ungulate is a stub. You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it.

• v
• t
• e

• Dicerotini
• Rhinoceroses
• Mammal genera
• Mammal genera with one living species
• Taxa named by John Edward Gray
• Taxa described in 1821
• Perissodactyla stubs