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Elizabeth of Pomerania
Elisabeth of Pomerania
Holy Roman Empress Queen consort of Germany and Bohemia
Tenure	1363–1378
Coronation	1 November 1368
Born	1347
Died	15 April 1393 (aged 45–46) Hradec Králové
Burial	St. Vitus Cathedral, Prague
Spouse	Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor ​ ​(m. 1363; died 1378)​
Issue	Anne, Queen of England Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor John, Duke of Görlitz Margaret, Burgravine of Nuremberg
House	House of Griffin
Father	Bogislaw V, Duke of Pomerania
Mother	Elisabeth of Poland

Elizabeth of Pomerania (Polish: Elżbieta pomorska, Czech: Eliška Pomořanská; c. 1347 – 15 April 1393) was the fourth and last wife of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia.

Life

Elizabeth was the daughter of Bogislaw V, Duke of Pomerania and Elisabeth of Poland. Her maternal grandparents were Casimir III, King of Poland, and Aldona of Lithuania. Elizabeth married Charles on 25 May 1363 in Kraków, only one year after the death of Charles's third wife, Anne of Schweidnitz. The bride was 16 years old, while the groom was 47. Charles married Elisabeth mainly for a diplomatic reason, as the marriage helped to break the anti-Czech coalition led by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, with Polish and Hungarian kings as participants. On 18 June 1363 in the Bohemian capital Prague, Elisabeth was crowned Queen of Bohemia, and 5 years later, on 1 November 1368, she was also crowned empress of the Holy Roman Empire in Rome by Pope Urban V.

Elizabeth and Charles had:

• Anne of Bohemia (1366–1394), married Richard II of England
• Sigismund (1368–1437), Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia and Hungary, Charles's successor.
• John of Görlitz (1370–1396), margrave of Moravia and duke of Görlitz, who married Richardis Catherine of Sweden
• Charles (13 March 1372 – 24 July 1373)
• Margaret of Bohemia (1373–1410), who was married to John III, Burgrave of Nuremberg
• Henry (1377–1378)

Queen and empress

Elizabeth is reputed to have been a very vigorous, self-confident and physically strong person. The relationship between Elizabeth and Charles is described to have been good and harmonious. During the serious illness of Charles in 1371, Elisabeth made a miniature pilgrimage by walking on foot to the cathedral and offering gifts in a prayer to his health. Their good relationship has been portrayed in art, such as in Noc na Karlštejně (A Night at Karlstein). She did not seem to have wielded any political influence. However, she was tormented by the fact that Charles preferred his children from his former marriage, but was unable to change his mind.

Widowhood

After her husband's death at 29 November 1378 in Prague, Elizabeth's stepson Wenceslaus IV, son of Charles's previous wife, ascended the throne. Elizabeth then cared for her own two sons, mainly the older Sigismund, whom she supported in his efforts to become the king of Hungary.

Elizabeth outlived Charles IV by 15 years. She died on 15 February 1393 in Hradec Králové (Königgrätz) and was buried next to her husband in St. Vitus Cathedral.

References

1. Frost 2015, p. 7.
2. ^ Žurek 2022, p. 18.
3. Warner 2017, p. 104.
4. Staley 2020, p. 17.
5. Rapelli 2011, p. 17.
6. ^ Boehm & Fajt 2005, p. xvii.
7. Joachim Zdrenka: Elżbieta córka Bogusława V księcia pomorskiego, żona cesarza Karola IV Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka 1977, 1, p. 3.

Sources

• Boehm, Barbara Drake; Fajt, Jiri, eds. (2005). Prague: The Crown of Bohemia, 1347-1437. Yale University Press.
• Frost, Robert I. (2015). The Making of the Polish-Lithuanian Union 1385-1569. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press.
• Rapelli, Paola (2011). Symbols of Power in Art. The J. Paul Getty Museum.
• Staley, Lynn (2020). Following Chaucer: Offices of the Active Life. University of Michigan Press.
• Warner, Kathryn (2017). Richard II: A True King's Fall. Amberley Publishing.
• Žurek, Václav (2022). "The Coronations of Bohemian Kings and Queens". In Šmahel, František; Nodl, Martin; Žurek, Václav (eds.). Festivities, Ceremonies, and Rituals in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown in the Late Middle Ages. Brill. pp. 9–52.

Further reading

• J. Fidler, České královny (Havlíčkův Brod, 2004)
• KAVKA, František. Čtyři ženy Karla IV. Královské sňatky. Praha ; Litomyšl : Paseka, 2002. 189 s. ISBN 80-7185-493-X.
• SPĚVÁČEK, Jiří. Karel IV. Život a dílo (1316–1378). Praha : Nakladatelství Svoboda, 1980. 721 s.
• SPĚVÁČEK, Jiří. Václav IV. 1361–1419. K předpokladům husitské revoluce. Praha : Nakladatelství Svoboda, 1986. 773 s.

v t e Holy Roman Empresses
Carolingian Empire	Ermengarde of Hesbaye Judith of Bavaria Ermengarde of Tours Engelberga of Parma Richilde of Provence Saint Richardis of Nordgau Ageltrude of Benevento Ota of Neustria Anna of Constantinople Bertila of Parma Anna of Provence
Holy Roman Empire	Adelaide of Italy Theophanu of Constantinople Cunigunde of Luxembourg Gisela of Swabia Agnes of Poitou Bertha of Savoy Eupraxia of Kiev Matilda of England Richenza of Northeim Beatrice, Countess of Burgundy Constance, Queen of Sicily Beatrice of Swabia Maria of Brabant Constance of Aragon Yolande, Queen of Jerusalem Isabella of England Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut Anna of Świdnica Elizabeth of Pomerania Barbara of Cilli Eleanor of Portugal Bianca Maria of Milan Isabella of Portugal Maria of Spain Anna of Tyrol Eleonora of Mantua Maria Anna of Spain Maria Leopoldine of Austria Eleonora of Mantua Margaret Theresa of Spain Claudia Felicitas of Austria Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Maria Amalia of Austria Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary Maria Josepha of Bavaria Ludovica of Spain Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
For Empresses after 1806, see Empresses of Austria and the corresponding template Category

v t e Royal consorts of Bohemia
Přemyslid	c. 870–1198 (Duchesses) Ludmila of Bohemia Drahomíra Biagota Emma of Mělník Božena Judith of Schweinfurt Ida of Wettin Adelaide of Hungary Świętosława of Poland Wirpirk of Tengling Lukarta of Bogen Helbirga of Austria Richeza of Berg Adelaide of Hungary Gertrude of Babenberg Judith of Thuringia Elizabeth of Hungary Elisabeth of Greater Poland Hellicha of Wittelsbach 1198–1306 (Queens) Adelaide of Meissen Constance of Hungary Kunigunde of Hohenstaufen Margaret of Austria Kunigunda of Halych Judith of Habsburg Elizabeth Richeza of Poland Viola of Teschen
Non-dynastic	1306–1310 Anne of Bohemia Elizabeth Richeza of Poland
Luxembourg	1310–1437 Elizabeth of Bohemia Beatrice of Bourbon Blanche of Valois Anne of Bavaria Anna von Schweidnitz Elizabeth of Pomerania Joanna of Bavaria Sophia of Bavaria Barbara of Cilli
Habsburg	1437–1457 Elizabeth of Luxembourg
Non-dynastic	1457–1471 Joanna of Rožmitál
Jagiellonian	1471–1526 Barbara of Brandenburg Beatrice of Naples Anne of Foix-Candale Mary of Hungary
Habsburg	1526–1780 Anne of Bohemia and Hungary Maria of Austria Anna of Tyrol Elizabeth Stuart Eleonora Gonzaga Maria Anna of Spain Maria Leopoldine of Austria Eleonora Gonzaga Margaret Theresa of Spain Claudia Felicitas of Austria Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Maria Amalia
Habsburg-Lorraine	1780–1918 Maria Luisa of Spain Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este Caroline Augusta of Bavaria Maria Anna of Savoy Elisabeth of Bavaria Zita of Bourbon-Parma
also titled Queen of Bohemia

• 1340s births
• 1393 deaths
• 14th-century Polish nobility
• Wives of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
• 14th-century Polish women
• 14th-century women from the Holy Roman Empire
• 14th-century German women
• Burials at St. Vitus Cathedral
• Mothers of Holy Roman Emperors
• Mothers of Bohemian monarchs
• Mothers of Hungarian monarchs
• Mothers of Italian monarchs
• Mothers of German monarchs