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Kuril Ainu language

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Extinct Ainu language of the Kuril Islands
Kuril Ainu
Native toRussia, Japan
RegionKuril Islands, later Kamchatka and Hokkaidō
EthnicityKuril Ainu
Extinct1962
Language familyAinu
  • Kuril Ainu
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottologkuri1271
Kuril Ainu is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Kuril Ainu is an extinct and poorly attested Ainu language of the Kuril Islands. The main inhabited islands were Kunashir, Iturup and Urup in the south, and Shumshu in the north. Other islands either had small populations (such as Paramushir) or were visited for fishing or hunting. There may have been a small mixed Kuril–Itelmen population at the southern tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula.

The Ainu of the Kurils appear to have been a relatively recent expansion from Hokkaidō, displacing an indigenous Okhotsk culture, which may have been related to the modern Itelmens. When the Kuril Islands passed to Japanese control in 1875, many of the northern Kuril Ainu evacuated to Ust-Bolsheretsky District in Kamchatka, where about 100 still live. In the decades after the islands passed to Soviet control in 1945, most of the remaining southern Kuril Ainu evacuated to Hokkaidō, where they have since been assimilated.

References

  1. Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (Report) (3rd ed.). UNESCO. 2010. p. 39. Archived from the original on 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2024-05-25.
  2. Bugaeva, Anna; Satō, Tomomi (2021-12-21). "A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811)". International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics. 3 (2): 171–216. doi:10.1163/25898833-00320002. ISSN 2589-8833. Archived from the original on 2022-03-01. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
  3. Fuente, José Andrés Alonso de la (2021-08-17). "Kuril Ainu Zoonyms and Phytonyms in Pallas's Zoographia and Flora Rossica". International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics. 3 (1): 7–49. doi:10.1163/25898833-12340040. ISSN 2589-8833. Archived from the original on 2022-02-24. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
Paleo-Siberian languages
Chukotko-Kamchatkan
Chukotkan
Kamchatkan
Yeniseian
Northern
Southern
Yukaghir
Nivkh
Others
Italics indicate extinct languages
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