| Transliteration of Chinese |
|---|
| Mandarin |
| Modern Standard Mandarin |
| Late imperial Mandarin |
| Sichuanese |
| Wu |
| General Wu |
| Wenzhounese |
| Yue |
| Cantonese |
| Min |
| Hokkien |
| Teochew |
| Fuzhounese |
| Northern Min |
| Pu-Xian Min |
| Hainanese |
| Shao–Jiang Min |
| Gan |
| Chang-Du |
| Hakka |
| Meixian |
| Sixian |
| Xiang |
| Chang–Yi |
| Polylectal |
| General Chinese |
| See also |
| Other transliterations |
| By place |
Lessing-Othmer is a romanization of Mandarin Chinese that was introduced by F. Lessing [de] and Dr. W. Othmer, who in 1912 printed their book „Lehrgang der nordchinesischen Umgangssprache“ („Course in the North Chinese Colloquial Language“) through the „Deutsch-Chinesische Druckerei und Verlagsanstalt“ in Qingdao while it was a German colony.
In 1979, the State Council of the People's Republic of China for Romanization ruled that translations of foreign-language publications should utilize Lessing-Othmer romanization in German-speaking countries, and Pinyin in English-speaking countries.
Table
The tones romanized differently from Pinyin are highlighted in blue.
Initial
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Alveolo-palatal | Velar | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | Voiced | Voiceless | Voiceless | ||
| Nasal | m ㄇ m |
n ㄋ n |
||||||||
| Plosive | Unaspirated | b ㄅ b |
d ㄉ d |
g ㄍ g | ||||||
| Aspirated | p ㄆ p |
t ㄊ t |
k ㄎ k | |||||||
| Affricate | Unaspirated | ds ㄗ z |
dsch ㄓ zh |
dj ㄐ j |
||||||
| Aspirated | ts ㄘ c |
tsch ㄔ ch |
tj ㄑ q |
|||||||
| Fricative | f ㄈ f |
s ㄙ s |
sch ㄕ sh |
hs ㄒ x |
h ㄏ h | |||||
| Liquid | l ㄌ l |
j ㄖ r |
||||||||
Finals
| Coda | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ∅ | /i/ | /u/ | /n/ | /ŋ/ | /ɻ/ | |||||||||
| Medial | ∅ | ï ㄭ  -i |
ö ㄜ e |
a ㄚ a |
e ㄟ ei |
ai ㄞ ai |
ou ㄡ ou |
au ㄠ ao |
ën ㄣ en |
an ㄢ an |
ung ㄨㄥ ong |
ëng ㄥ eng |
ang ㄤ ang |
örl ㄦ er |
| /j/ | i ㄧ i |
iä ㄧㄝ ie |
ia ㄧㄚ ia |
iu ㄧㄡ iu |
iau ㄧㄠ iao |
in ㄧㄣ in |
iän ㄧㄢ ian |
iung ㄩㄥ iong |
ing ㄧㄥ ing |
iang ㄧㄤ iang |
||||
| /w/ | u ㄨ u |
o ㄨㄛ uo |
ua ㄨㄚ ua |
ui ㄨㄟ ui |
uai ㄨㄞ uai |
un ㄨㄣ un |
uan ㄨㄢ uan |
ung ㄨㄥ ueng |
uang ㄨㄤ uang |
|||||
| /ɥ/ | ü ㄩ ü |
üä ㄩㄝ üe |
ün ㄩㄣ ün |
üan ㄩㄢ üan |
||||||||||
References
- Encyclopædia Britannica, 2004 edition, "Pinyin romanization" article