This is a list of languages used in Russia. Russian is the only official language at the national level and there are other 35 official languages, which are used in different regions of Russia.
Official language
- Russian (138,312,003 speakers)
Languages related to European Russia
Languages with 1,000,000 or more speakers
- English (7,574,302)
- Tatar (5,200,000)
- German (2,069,949)
- Chuvash (1,640,000)
- Bashkir (1,450,000)
- Chechen (1,340,000)
- Ukrainian (1,300,000)
Languages with 100,000 or more speakers
- Armenian
- Avar (784,000)
- Azerbaijani (669,000)
- Mordovian languages (614,000)
- Kabardian (587,000)
- Dargwa (503,000)
- Ossetic (493,000)
- Udmurt (463,000)
- Yakut (450.000)
- Kumyk (458,000)
- Eastern Mari (451,000)
- Ingush (405,000)
- Lezgian (397,000)
- Belarusian (316,000)
- Karachay-Balkar (302,000)
- Georgian (286,000)
- Komi-Zyrian (217,000)
- Turkish (161,000)
- Kalmyk (153,000)
- Lak (153,000)
- Romanian (147,000)
- Adyghe (129,000)
- Tabassaran (128,000)
Languages with 10,000 or more speakers
- Komi-Permyak (94,000)
- Polish (94,000)
- Nogai (90,000)
- Karelian (52,000)
- Finnish (51,000)
- Lithuanian (49,000)
- Abaza (38,000)
- Western Mari (36,000)
- Latvian (34,000)
- Kurmanji (30,000)
- Yiddish (30,000)
- Rutul (29,000)
- Aghul (29,000)
- Estonian (26,000)
- Andi (23,000)
- Baltic Romany (20,000)
- Tsez (15,000)
- Bezhta (10,000)
- Vlax Romany (10,000)
- Livvi
Languages with 1,000 or more speakers
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (7,700)
- Khwarshi (3,000)
- Serbian
- Veps
- Tindi
- Karata
- Ludian
- Hunzib
- Bagvalal
- Botlikh
- Tsakhur
- Akhvakh
- Ghodoberi
- Archi
- Chamalal
- Judeo-Tat
Languages with fewer than 1,000 speakers
Languages related to Asian Russia
Languages with 100,000 or more speakers
Languages with 10,000 or more speakers
- Altay (65,000)
- Khakas (52,000)
- Kyrgyz (46,000)
- Nenets (31,000)
- Evenki (13,800)
- Khanty (13,000)
- Shor (around 10,000)
Languages with 1,000 or more speakers
Languages with fewer than 1,000 speakers
- Yupik languages
- Naukan (Naukanski)
- Sirenik
- Central Siberian Yupik (Yuit)
- Yukaghir languages
- Ket
- Ainu
- Orok
- Udege
- Kerek
- Aleut (including Mednyy)
- Enets
- Alutor
- Negidal
- Tofalar (Karagas)
- Itelmen
- Yugh
- Nganasan
- Oroch
- Chulym
- Ulch
- Nivkh
- Nanai
Other
- Korean (60,000)
- Mandarin Chinese (59,000)
- Turkmen (38,000)
- Czech
- Domari
- Lomavren
- Pontic Greek
- Bohtan Neo-Aramaic
- Tat language
- Russian sign language
Language families
A total of 14 language families are native to Russia:
- Ainu
- Chukotko-Kamchatkan
- Eskimo–Aleut
- Indo-European
- Koreanic
- Mongolic
- Nivkh
- Northeast Caucasian
- Northwest Caucasian
- Tungusic
- Turkic
- Uralic
- Yeniseian
- Yukaghir
References
- "What Languages Are Spoken in Russia?". WorldAtlas. 1 August 2017.
- Владение украинским языком в России в разрезе этнических групп / Завьялов А. В. Социальная адаптация украинских иммигрантов : монография / А. В. Завьялов. – Иркутск : Изд-во ИГУ, 2017. – 179 с.
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2019). "Glottolog". 4.1. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
External links
- Languages of European Russia (Ethnologue)
- Languages of Asian Russia (Ethnologue)
- Indigenous Minority Languages of Russia: Bibliographical guide
| Languages of Russia | |
|---|---|
| Federal language | |
| State languages of federal subjects | |
| Languages with official status | |
| Scripts | |
| In Russia, the Cyrillic alphabet is officially supported. For other, non-Cyrillic alphabets, separate federal laws are required. | |