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List of presidents of Indonesia

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The president of Indonesia is the head of state and also head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president leads the executive branch of the Indonesian government and is the supreme commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. Since 2004, the president and vice president are directly elected to a five-year term.The presidency was established during the formulation of the 1945 constitution by the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK), a body established by the occupying Japanese 16th Army on 1 March 1945 to work on "preparations for independence in the region of the government of this island of Java." On 18 August 1945, the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI), which was created on 7 August to replace the BPUPK, selected Sukarno as the country's first president.

Presidents

  Independent   Military   Golkar   National Awakening Party (PKB)   Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P)   United Development Party (PPP)   Democratic Party (Demokrat)   Gerindra Party

Note: — denotes acting president

No. Portrait Name(Lifespan) Term of office Party Vice president
Took office Left office Election Time in office
1 Sukarno
(1901–1970) 		18 August 1945 18 May 1963 1945 21 years, 206 days Independent 1 Mohammad Hatta
Vacant (1 December 1956 – 12 March 1967)
18 May 1963 12 March 1967 1963
Declared Indonesia's independence from colonial powers. Presided during the Indonesian National Revolution and the first national elections. One of the founding fathers of the Non-Aligned Movement and hosted the 1955 Bandung Conference. Called for 'Guided Democracy' following the collapse of 10 governments during the 1950s, with Nasakom as its principal ideology. Acceded Western New Guinea. Opposed the formation of Malaysia and began Konfrontasi. Signed Supersemar in 1966 following the assassination of 6 generals.
— Suharto
(1921–2008) 		12 March 1967 27 March 1968 — 1 year, 15 days Military Vacant
Sukarno transferred key presidential powers to Suharto on 11 March 1966 in a vaguely worded letter of authority known as Supersemar and surrendered his powers on 20 February 1967, but he was not formally relieved of his presidential title by the MPRS until 12 March 1967. On 12 March 1967, the MPRS agreed to withdraw its mandate from Sukarno and remove him as president. Suharto replaced Sukarno as acting president until 27 March 1968, when he was formally elected as the second president of Indonesia.
2 27 March 1968 23 March 1973 1968 30 years, 55 days Golkar
(supported by the military) 		Vacant
23 March 1973 23 March 1978 1973 2 Hamengkubuwono IX
23 March 1978 11 March 1983 1978 3 Adam Malik
11 March 1983 11 March 1988 1983 4 Umar Wirahadikusumah
11 March 1988 11 March 1993 1988 5 Sudharmono
11 March 1993 11 March 1998 1993 6 Try Sutrisno
11 March 1998 21 May 1998 1998 7 B. J. Habibie
First president from a military background. The longest-serving president with an over-30-year tenure. Seized power from Sukarno through Supersemar in 1966. Declared a New Order military dictatorship. Dismantled the Communist Party of Indonesia and oversaw the mass murder and imprisonment of thousands of suspected communists throughout the archipelago. Ended Konfrontasi and initiated friendly relationships with neighbouring countries of Malaysia and Singapore, and Indonesia became a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Severed ties with China and other communist countries in the region. Incorporated Western New Guinea into Indonesia. Annexed East Timor. Oversaw great economic and infrastructural development but rampant corruption within the bureaucracy and government. Resigned following the collapse of the Indonesian economy during the 1997 financial crisis and the 1998 riots.
3 B. J. Habibie
(1936–2019) 		21 May 1998 20 October 1999 — 1 year, 152 days Golkar Vacant
First, and to date the only, president (aside from acting presidents) who was born outside of Java. First vice president to become president. Took power following Suharto's resignation. Oversaw Indonesia's democratic transition. East Timor declared independence from Indonesia. Released thousands of political prisoners. Decided not to run for a full term.
4 Abdurrahman Wahid
(1940–2009) 		20 October 1999 23 July 2001 1999 1 year, 276 days PKB Vacant (20–21 October 1999)
8 Megawati Sukarnoputri
First executive branch officer (president and vice president) to have come from a religious background. Head of Nahdlatul Ulama and grandson of its founder. Term embroiled by a number of scandals and corruption cases. Abolished all remaining legal discrimination against Chinese Indonesians. Attempts to reform the military and remove its political power were not taken kindly by military actors. Attempted to dissolve parliament, but was himself impeached and removed from office by parliament.
5 Megawati Sukarnoputri
(born 1947) 		23 July 2001 20 October 2004 — 3 years, 89 days PDI-P Vacant (23–26 July 2001)
9 Hamzah Haz
First female president of Indonesia and the first to be born after the proclamation of independence in 1945. Oldest daughter and second child of President Sukarno, first president born to another president. First female vice president and the first vice president to be born after 1945. Came to power following the removal of Abdurrahman Wahid. Presided during a period of economic growth. Bali was attacked by a major bombing in 2002 by Jemaah Islamiyah. Lost reelection bid to her former coordinating minister and in a later rematch.
6 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
(born 1949) 		20 October 2004 20 October 2009 2004 10 years Demokrat 10 Jusuf Kalla
20 October 2009 20 October 2014 2009 11 Boediono
The first president to be directly elected by popular vote. Second president from a military background. Parts of Sumatra were devastated by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. Jemaah Islamiyah was severely weakened following efforts by Detachment 88. Indonesia was classified as part of MINT and became a member of the G20 during his presidency. Elected to a second term in 2009. Indonesia formed the Bali Democracy Forum and became a founding member of the Open Government Partnership. He presided over consistent economic growth. During his second term, the Democratic Party was embroiled by many corruption scandals.
7 Joko Widodo
(born 1961) 		20 October 2014 20 October 2019 2014 10 years PDI-P 12
(10) 		Jusuf Kalla
20 October 2019 20 October 2024 2019 13 Ma'ruf Amin
The first president not to have emerged from the country's political elite or to have been an army general. First president to have been a regional politician (mayor for about 7 years, governor for nearly 2 years) and the first to be born after the recognition of independence in December 1949. Initiated the process to move the capital of Indonesia from Jakarta to Nusantara. Elected to a second term in 2019.
8 Prabowo Subianto
(born 1951) 		20 October 2024 Incumbent 2024 77 days Gerindra 14 Gibran Rakabuming Raka
Retired general and former commander of the Special Forces Command (Kopassus) and Army Strategic Reserve Command (Kostrad). Lost twice against his predecessor in 2014 and 2019, but was appointed as minister of defense in 2019. His 96.2 million votes are the highest received by any candidate in a democratic election in Indonesia, surpassing Joko Widodo's 85.6 million votes in 2019. First president in Indonesia's history to have a younger predecessor. The oldest president to be sworn in for the first term at age 73. Third president from a military background.

By age

# President Born Age at
start of presidency 		Age at
end of presidency 		Post-presidency
timespan 		Lifespan
Died Age
01 Sukarno 6 June 1901 44 years, 73 days
18 August 1945 		65 years, 279 days
12 March 1967 		3 years, 101 days 21 June 1970 69 years, 15 days
02 Suharto 8 June 1921 45 years, 277 days
12 March 1967 		76 years, 347 days
21 May 1998 		9 years, 251 days 27 January 2008 86 years, 233 days
03 B. J. Habibie 25 June 1936 61 years, 330 days
21 May 1998 		63 years, 117 days
20 October 1999 		19 years, 326 days 11 September 2019 83 years, 78 days
04 Abdurrahman Wahid 7 September 1940 59 years, 43 days
20 October 1999 		60 years, 319 days
23 July 2001 		8 years, 160 days 30 December 2009 69 years, 114 days
05 Megawati Sukarnoputri 23 January 1947 54 years, 181 days
23 July 2001 		57 years, 271 days
20 October 2004 		20 years, 77 days 2025-01-5(living) 77 years, 348 days
06 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono 9 September 1949 55 years, 41 days
20 October 2004 		65 years, 41 days
20 October 2014 		10 years, 77 days 2025-01-5(living) 75 years, 118 days
07 Joko Widodo 21 June 1961 53 years, 121 days
20 October 2014 		63 years, 121 days
20 October 2024 		77 days 2025-01-5(living) 63 years, 198 days
08 Prabowo Subianto 17 October 1951 73 years, 3 days
20 October 2024 		(incumbent) (incumbent) 2025-01-5(living) 73 years, 80 days
Prabowo SubiantoJoko WidodoSusilo Bambang YudhoyonoMegawati SukarnoputriAbdurrahman WahidB. J. HabibieSuhartoSukarno

Notes

  1. ^ Removed from office
  2. Resigned from office

By time in office

Rank President Length
in days		 Order of presidency Number of terms
1 Suharto 11,393 2nd • 12 March 1967 – 21 May 1998 Six full terms; resigned 2 months and 11 days into seventh term
2 Sukarno 7,876 1st • 18 August 1945 – 12 March 1967 De jure: Four full terms; removed 1 year, 6 months, and 22 days into fifth term
De facto: Never faced reelection, declared president for life by the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) on 18 May 1963
3 Joko Widodo 3,653 7th • 20 October 2014 – 20 October 2024 Two full terms
4 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono 3,652 6th • 20 October 2004 – 20 October 2014 Two full terms
5 Megawati Sukarnoputri 1,185 5th • 23 July 2001 – 20 October 2004 One partial term (3 years, 2 months, and 27 days)
6 Abdurrahman Wahid 642 4th • 20 October 1999 – 23 July 2001 One partial term (1 year, 9 months, and 3 days)
7 B. J. Habibie 517 3rd • 21 May 1998 – 20 October 1999 One partial term (1 year, 4 months, and 29 days)
Acting Assaat 231 27 December 1949 – 15 August 1950 State-level president for 7 months and 19 days
Acting Sjafruddin Prawiranegara 203 22 December 1948 – 13 July 1949 Acting president for 6 months and 21 days
8 Prabowo Subianto 77 8th • 20 October 2024 – Incumbent Currently serving first term

Notes

  1. Suharto was acting president until 27 March 1968 (381 days), when he was made full president
  2. Resigned from office
  3. Sukarno was detained by Dutch troops on 19 December 1948 during the Operation Kraai. During this time, the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia, led by Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, acted as the country's government-in-exile until 13 July 1949. As a result, Sukarno's term in office actually had 206 days less. This figure includes his term as the president of the United States of Indonesia (27 December 1949 – 15 August 1950; 231 days), which was coterminous with Assaat being president of the constituent Republic of Indonesia.
  4. ^ Removed from office
  5. His terms had a total of three leap days instead of two.
  6. ^ Succeeded to presidency
  7. Sought election to a full term in 2004, but was defeated.
  8. Originally assigned to office until 10 March 2003, but due to the accelerated election, he was required to face reelection, in which he did not contest after his accountability speech was rejected by the MPR.
  9. ^ Acting president
  10. President of State of Republic of Indonesia after Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference, while Sukarno became president of United States of Indonesia.
  11. President of emergency government during Indonesian National Revolution, after both Sukarno and Hatta were captured by the Dutch authorities after the second police action.
  12. As of 5 January 2025

See also

References

  1. Kusuma, A.B.; Elson, R.E. (2011), "A note on the sources for the 1945 constitutional debates in Indonesia" (PDF), Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 167 (2–3): 196–209, doi:10.1163/22134379-90003589, ISSN 0006-2294
  2. Cochrane, Joe (22 July 2014). "A Child of the Slum Rises as President of Indonesia". The New York Times.
  3. Sukarno transferred key presidential powers to Suharto on 11 March 1966 in a vaguely worded letter of authority known as Supersemar and surrendered his powers on 20 February 1967, but he was not formally relieved of his presidential title by the provisional parliament until 12 March 1967.
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