These are lists of incumbents (individuals holding offices or positions), including heads of states or of subnational entities.
A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current office holders.
Incumbents may also be found in the countries' articles (main article and "politics of") and the list of national leaders, recent changes in 2024 in politics and government, and past leaders on state leaders by year and colonial governors by century.
Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g. abdication, assassinated persons, cabinet (government), chancellor, ex-monarchs (20th century), head of government, head of state, lieutenant governor, mayor, military commanders, minister (and ministers by portfolio below), order of precedence, peerage, president, prime minister, Reichstag participants (1792), secretary of state.
Heads of international organizations
See also: International organization leaders by year- President of the European Council
- President of the European Commission
- Secretary-General of the United Nations
- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- International Monetary Fund managing directors
- Director-General of the World Trade Organization
- Secretary General of NATO
- FIFA presidents
- International Olympic Committee presidents
Heads of state or government
See also: List of current heads of state and government and Lists of state leaders by centuryAfrica
Eastern Africa
- Burundi: Rulers of Burundi
- Comoros:
- Kenya: Rulers of Kenya
- Madagascar: Rulers of Madagascar
- Malawi (former Nyasaland, former British Central Africa Protectorate)
- Mauritius
- Mozambique
- Rwanda
- Seychelles
- Tanzania
- Uganda
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
Horn of Africa
- Djibouti: Rulers of Djibouti
- Eritrea: Rulers of Eritrea
- Ethiopia: Rulers of Ethiopia
- Somalia: Presidents of Somalia
- Somaliland: Presidents of Somaliland
- Puntland: Presidents of Puntland
Middle Africa
- Angola
- Heads of state of Angola (see also: Presidents of Angola with information specific to that post)
- Heads of government of Angola (see also: Prime Minister of Angola with information specific to that post)
- List of current Angolan ministers
- Colonial heads of Angola
- Cameroon
- Central African Republic
- Chad
- Congo, Democratic Republic of the (Zaire/'Congo-Kinshasa')
- Congo, Republic of the (Congo-Brazzaville)
- Equatorial Guinea
- Gabon
- São Tomé and Príncipe
Northern Africa
- Algeria
- People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
- Heads of state of Algeria
- Heads of government of Algeria (see also: Prime ministers of Algeria with information specific to that post)
- French Algeria (French departements)
- Ottoman regency of Algiers
- Tlemcen (Western Algeria) before the Ottomans
- Ziyanid dynasty
- Western Ifriqiya (Eastern Algeria) before the Ottomans
- People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
- Egypt
- Libya
- Morocco
- Sudan (formerly Anglo-Egyptian -)
- Tunisia
Southern Africa
- Botswana
- Lesotho
- Namibia
- South Africa
- List of Bhaca kings
- List of Hlubi kings
- List of Mpondo kings
- List of Mpondomise kings
- List of Ndebele kings
- List of Thembu kings
- List of Xhosa kings and chiefs
- List of Zulu kings
- Governors-general of South Africa
- State President of South Africa
- Prime ministers of South Africa
- Homelands Leaders:
- Heads of state of Bophuthatswana
- Heads of state of Ciskei
- List of chief ministers of Gazankulu
- List of chief ministers of KaNgwane
- List of chief ministers of KwaNdebele
- List of chief ministers of KwaZulu
- List of chief ministers of Lebowa
- List of chief ministers of QwaQwa
- Heads of government of Transkei
- Heads of state of Transkei
- Heads of state of Venda
- President of South Africa
- South African Premiers
- Swaziland
Western Africa
- Benin (former Dahomey)
- Burkina Faso (former Upper Volta)
- Heads of state of Burkina Faso
- Heads of government of Burkina Faso (see also: Prime Minister of Burkina Faso with information specific to that post)
- Colonial heads of Burkina Faso (Upper Volta)
- List of rulers of Liptako
- Mossi States:-
- Rulers of the Mossi state of Gurunsi
- Rulers of the Mossi state of Gwiriko
- Rulers of the Mossi state of Tenkodogo
- Rulers of the Mossi state of Wogodogo
- Rulers of the Mossi state of Yatenga
- Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilanga
- Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilayanga
- Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bongandini
- Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Con
- Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Macakoali
- Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Nungu
- Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Piela
- Cape Verde
- Heads of state of Cape Verde
- Heads of government of Cape Verde (see also: Prime Minister of Cape Verde with information specific to that post)
- Colonial heads of Cape Verde
- Ivory Coast
- The Gambia
- Ghana: Rulers of Ghana
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Liberia
- Mali (former French Sudan)
- Heads of state of Mali
- Heads of government of Mali
- Colonial heads of Mali
- Emperors of Mali, see Mali Empire
- Kings of Mali, see Mansa
- Songhai emperors, see Songhai Empire
- Mauritania
- Niger
- Nigeria
- Senegal
- Sierra Leone
- Togo
Americas
Caribbean
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Bahamas
- Barbados
- Cuba
- Dominica
- Dominican Republic
- Grenada
- Haiti
- Jamaica
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Saint Lucia
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Trinidad and Tobago
Central America
- Belize
- Governors-general of Belize
- Prime ministers of Belize
- Maya rulers of Caracol, see Caracol
- Costa Rica
- El Salvador
- Guatemala
- Presidents of Guatemala
- Maya rulers of Tikal, see Tikal
- Honduras
- Presidents of Honduras
- Maya kings of Xukpi, see Copán
- Nicaragua
- Panama
North America
- Canada
- Mexico
- Presidents of Mexico
- Mexican monarchs
- Aztec emperors, see Hueyi Tlatoani
- Maya rulers of Calakmul, see Calakmul
- Maya rulers of Palenque, see Palenque
- Maya rulers of Tonina, see Tonina
- Toltec rulers
- Viceroys of New Spain
- United States
South America
- Argentina
- Bolivia
- Brazil
- Chile
- Colombia
- Ecuador
- Guyana
- Paraguay
- Peru
- Presidents of Peru
- Incan emperors, see Inca Empire
- Viceroys of Peru
- Suriname
- Uruguay
- Venezuela
Asia
Central Asia
- Kazakhstan
- Göktürk kagans
- Presidents of Kazakhstan
- Kyrgyzstan
- Khans of Kara-Khitai, see Kara-Khitan Khanate
- Presidents of Kyrgyzstan
- Tajikistan
- Turkmenistan
- Uzbekistan
Eastern Asia
- China & dependencies
- Chinese sovereigns
- Table of Chinese monarchs
- People's Republic of China
- General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (paramount leader)
- President of the People's Republic of China
- Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China
- Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
- Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
- Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
- Hong Kong
- Governor of Hong Kong (under British rule, now replaced by Chief Executive)
- Chief Executive of Hong Kong
- Macau
- Governor of Macau (under Portuguese rule, now replaced by Chief Executive)
- Chief Executive of Macau
- Republic of China (Taiwan)
- President of the Republic of China
- Premier of the Republic of China
- Governors and chairpersons of Taiwan, see Taiwan Province
- Tibet
- The Table of Chinese monarchs China
- List of kings of Tibet China
- Japan
- Rulers of Japan (emperors, regents, shōguns and prime ministers)
- Emperors of Japan
- Prime ministers of Japan
- Ashikaga shogunate
- Kamakura shogunate
- Tokugawa shogunate
- Mongolia
- Korea
Southeastern Asia
- Brunei
- Cambodia
- King of Cambodia
- Khmer emperors, see Khmer Empire
- Presidents of Cambodia
- Prime ministers of Cambodia
- East Timor
- Indonesia
- Majapahit
- Sailendra
- Srivijaya
- Kings of Mataram, see Kingdom of Mataram
- Presidents of Indonesia
- Prime ministers of Indonesia
- Laos
- Malaysia
- Yang di-Pertuan Agong
- Prime ministers of Malaysia
- Sultans of Malay states, example see Sultanate of Malacca
- Myanmar
- Philippines
- Spanish Royal Governor of the Philippines
- American Governor-General of the Philippines
- Presidents of the Philippines
- Datus, Rajas, and Sultans of various historical polities within the Philippine Islands, see History of the Philippines
- List of sovereign state leaders in the Philippines
- Singapore
- Thailand
- Kings of Thailand
- Chakri dynasty
- Kings of Ayutthaya, see Ayutthaya kingdom
- Kings of Haripunchai, see Haripunchai
- Kings of Lanna, see Lanna
- Kings of Sukhothai, see Sukhothai kingdom
- Prime ministers of Thailand
- Presidents of the National Assembly of Thailand
- Leaders of the Opposition of Thailand
- Governors of Bangkok
- Vietnam
South Asia
- Afghanistan
- Afghan Transitional Administration personnel
- Leaders of Afghanistan
- Prime ministers of Afghanistan
- Ghaznavid emperors, see Ghaznavid Empire
- Kabul Shahi dynasty
- Turk Shahi dynasty
- Hindu Shahi dynasty
- Bangladesh
- Bhutan
- India
- Main article: List of office-holders in India
- Maldives
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- Sri Lanka
Western Asia
- Armenia
- Azerbaijan
- Bahrain
- Cyprus
- Georgia
- Lists of Georgian monarchs
- Colchis
- Kingdom of Abkhazia
- List of sovereigns of Kakheti
- Kingdom of Imereti
- Emirs of Tbilisi
- List of leaders of Georgia
- Prime Minister of Georgia
- Chairman of the Government of Adjara
- Presidents of Abkhazia
- Prime ministers of Abkhazia
- Presidents of South Ossetia
- Prime ministers of South Ossetia
- Iran
- Iraq
- Israel
- Jordan (formerly Transjordan)
- Kuwait
- Lebanon
- Oman (formerly Muscat (and Oman))
- Qatar
- Saudi Arabia
- Syria
- Presidents of Syria
- Prime ministers of Syria
- Kings of Syria
- Osroene
- Rulers of Damascus
- Zengid dynasty
- Counts of Edessa
- Princes of Antioch
- Emirs of Shaizar
- Ghassanid kings
- Rulers of Aleppo
- Hanilgalbat: Kings of Hanilgabat, see Hanilgalbat and Mitanni
- Kings of Ugarit
- Turkey
- List of Hittite kings
- Kings of Arzawa
- Kings of Lydia
- Kings of Bithynia
- Kings of Cappadocia
- Attalid Kings of Pergamon
- Kings of Pontus
- Kings of Galatia
- Byzantine emperors
- List of Latin emperors
- Empire of Trebizond
- Seljuk sultans of Rüm
- Anatolian beyliks
- List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire
- Prime ministers of Turkey
- Presidents of Turkey
- United Arab Emirates
- Yemen
Europe
Eastern Europe
Northern Europe
- Denmark
- Estonia
- Finland
- Iceland
- Presidents of Iceland
- Prime ministers of Iceland
- Icelandic rulers
- List of lawspeakers, see Lawspeaker
- Ireland: Rulers of Ireland
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Norway
- Sweden
- Blekinge governors
- Dalarna governors
- Gävleborg governors
- Gotland governors
- Halland governors
- Jämtland governors
- Jönköping governors
- Kalmar governors
- Kronoberg governors
- Norrbotten governors
- Skåne governors
- Stockholm governors
- Södermanland governors
- Uppsala governors
- Värmland governors
- Västerbotten governors
- Västernorrland governors
- Västmanland governors
- Västra Götaland governors
- Örebro governors
- Östergötland governors
Central Europe
- Austria
- Rulers of Austria
- Emperors of Austria
- Foreign ministers of Austria-Hungary
- Minister-presidents of Austria
- Federal presidents of Austria
- Chancellors of Austria (Vice chancellors of Austria)
- Habsburg
- Babenberg
- Margraves, dukes, and archdukes of Austria
- Dukes of Styria, see Styria (duchy)
- Dukes of Carinthia, see Carinthia (duchy)
- Czech Republic
- Germany: Rulers of Germany
- Hungary
- Liechtenstein
- Poland
- Slovakia
- Switzerland
- Members of the Swiss Federal Council
- Presidents of the Confederation
- Heads of the Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports, see Military of Switzerland
- Heads of the Department of Foreign Affairs: see International relations of Switzerland
- Heads of the Department of Home Affairs
- Heads of the Federal Department of Finance
- Heads of the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications
- Heads of the Federal Department of Economic Affairs
- Heads of the Federal Department of Justice and Police
- Federal chancellors of Switzerland
- Presidents of the Swiss National Council
- Presidents of the Swiss Council of States
- Members of the Swiss National Council
- Members of the Swiss Council of States
- Chief justices of the Swiss Supreme Court
- Presidents of the Swiss Diet (before 1848)
- Members of the Swiss Federal Council
Southern Europe
- Albania
- Andorra
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Greece: Rulers of Greece
- Italy: Rulers of Italy
- Kosovo
- North Macedonia
- Malta
- Presidents of Malta, 1974–present
- Prime ministers of Malta, 1921–1933, 1947–1958, 1962–present
- Monarchs of Malta, 1091–1798, 1800–1974
- Grand masters of Malta, 1530–1798
- Civil commissioners of Malta, 1799–1813
- Governors of Malta, 1813–1964
- Governors-general of Malta, 1964–1974
- Montenegro
- Portugal
- San Marino
- Serbia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Vatican City/Holy See
Western Europe
- Belgium
- France: Rulers of France
- Luxembourg
- Monaco
- Netherlands
- Dutch monarchy
- Prime ministers of the Netherlands
- List of rulers of the Netherlands
- Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands
- Low Countries (Netherlands, Belgium):
- Rulers of East Frisia
- Rulers of Frisia
- Prince of Orange
- Duke of Brabant
- Lords and margraves of Bergen op Zoom
- Dukes and counts of Guelders
- Duke of Lower Lorraine
- Count of Bouillon
- Count of Flanders
- Count of Hainaut
- Count of Holland
- Counts of Leuven
- Bishop of Utrecht
- Marquis of Namur
Oceania
Australasia
- Australia
- Premiers of New South Wales
- Premiers of Queensland
- Premiers of South Australia
- Premiers of Tasmania
- Premiers of Victoria
- Premier of Western Australia
- Heads of government of Norfolk Island
- Chief Minister of the Northern Territory
- Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory
- Governors of New South Wales
- Governors of Queensland
- Governors of South Australia
- Governors of Tasmania
- Governors of Victoria
- Governor of Western Australia
- Administrative heads of Norfolk Island
- Administrator of the Northern Territory
- Administrative heads of Jervis Bay
- Administrative heads of Australian Antarctic Territory
- Administrative heads of Macquarie Island
- Cocos Islands
- New Zealand
- Mayors of Auckland
- Mayors of Christchurch
- Mayors of Dunedin
- Mayors of Wellington
Melanesia
- Fiji
- Chairmen of Fiji's Great Council of Chiefs
- Chief Justice of Fiji
- Colonial governors of Fiji
- Fijian heads of state
- Foreign ministers of Fiji
- Governors-general of Fiji
- House of Representatives of Fiji (abolished in 2013)
- Ministers for Fijian affairs
- Presidents of Fiji
- Prime ministers of Fiji
- Senate of Fiji (abolished in 2013)
- Speakers of the Fijian House of Representatives
- Vice-presidents of Fiji
- Papua New Guinea
- Solomon Islands
- Vanuatu
Micronesia
Polynesia
Religious leaders
Main article: List of 21st-century religious leadersChristianity
Catholic Church
Anglican Communion
Other denominations
- General of The Salvation Army
- Moderator of the United Church of Canada
- President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
- Patriarchs of Constantinople
Judaism
Islam
Hinduism
Buddhism
- Dalai Lama
- Panchen Lama
- Karmapa
- Shamarpa
- Sakya Trizin
- Supreme Patriarch of Thailand
- Supreme Patriarch of Cambodia
Other lists
- List of oldest living state leaders
- List of current governments
- List of current vice presidents and designated acting presidents
- List of current legislatures
- List of current presidents of legislatures
Ministers by portfolio
Municipal leaders
For a more comprehensive list, see Lists of mayors by country.External links
- Current Heads of State
- Archontology, by Oleg Schultz
- Rulers, by B. Schemmel – detailed lists (including regional and religious leaders) from 1700.
- World Statesmen, by Ben Cahoon
- World Political Leaders, by Roberto Ortiz de Zárate
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This article includes an officeholders-related list of lists.
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