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North Efate
Nakanamanga
Nguna
Region	Efate, Vanuatu
Native speakers	9,500 (2001)
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Southern Oceanic North-Central Vanuatu Central Vanuatu Epi-Efate Efate North Efate
Language codes
ISO 639-3	llp
Glottolog	nort2836
North Efate is not endangered according to the classification system of the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

North Efate, also known as Nakanamanga or Nguna, is an Oceanic language spoken on the northern area of Efate in Vanuatu, as well as on a number of islands off the northern coast – including Nguna, and parts of Tongoa, Emae and Epi.

The population of speakers is recorded to be 9,500. This makes Nakanamanga one of the largest languages of Vanuatu, an archipelago known for having the world's highest linguistic density.

Phonology

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The consonant and vowels sounds of North Efate (Nguna).

Subdialects of North Efate include:

• Buninga
• Emau
• Livara
• Nguna
• Paunangis
• Sesake

References

• Ray, Sidney H. (1887). "Sketch of Nguna Grammar". The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 16. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland: 409–418. doi:10.2307/2841882. JSTOR 2841882.
• Schütz, Albert J. (1969). "Nguna Grammar". Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications.

Notes

1. North Efate at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
2. "Efate, North". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2018-11-13.
3. François, Alexandre; Franjieh, Michael; Lacrampe, Sébastien; Schnell, Stefan (2015), "The exceptional linguistic density of Vanuatu", in François, Alexandre; Lacrampe, Sébastien; Franjieh, Michael; Schnell, Stefan (eds.), The Languages of Vanuatu: Unity and Diversity, Studies in the Languages of Island Melanesia, Canberra: Asia Pacific Linguistics Open Access, pp. 1–21, ISBN 9781922185235
4. Schütz, Albert J. (1969). Nguna Grammar. Vol. 5. Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications. ISBN 0-87022-744-0. ISSN 0078-3188. JSTOR 20019123. OCLC 70697.
5. "Glottolog 3.3 - North Efate". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2018-11-13.

• Central Vanuatu languages
• Languages of Vanuatu