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Republican Fascist Party Partito Fascista Repubblicano
Abbreviation	PFR
Duce	Benito Mussolini
Secretary	Alessandro Pavolini
Founded	13 September 1943
Dissolved	2 May 1945
Preceded by	National Fascist Party
Succeeded by	Italian Social Movement (de facto)
Headquarters	Palazzo Castani, Milan
Newspaper	Il Lavoro Fascista
Paramilitary wing	Black Brigades (from 1944)
Membership	900,000 (1943 est.)
Ideology	Italian fascism Sansepolcrismo Anti-monarchism Pro-Nazism
Political position	Far-right
Colours	Black
Anthem	"Giovinezza"
Party flag
Politics of Italy Political parties Elections

The Republican Fascist Party (Italian: Partito Fascista Repubblicano, PFR) was a political party in Italy led by Benito Mussolini and the sole representative party of the Italian Social Republic during the German occupation of Italy. The PFR was the successor to the National Fascist Party but was more influenced by pre-1922 early radical fascism and anti-monarchism, as its members considered King Victor Emmanuel III to be a traitor after his agreement of the signing of the surrender to the Allies.

History

After the Nazi-engineered Gran Sasso raid liberated Mussolini, the National Fascist Party (PNF) was revived on 13 September 1943 as the Republican Fascist Party (PFR) and as the single party of the Northern and Nazi-protected Italian Social Republic, informally known as the Salò Republic. Its secretary was Alessandro Pavolini.

Due to the strong control of the Germans, the party's power in the context of the Republic of Salò was always very limited. To obviate this inherent weakness, the party tried to obtain the support of the few population strata who still sympathised with fascism. In the provinces under the control of the Germans it was organised into three entities called Administrative, Assistance, and Political. The Assistance, also called the National Fascist Assistance Body, was formed in early October 1943. In the minds of the party leaders, the Assistance was to be a continuation of the powerful cadres of militants and volunteers of the former National Fascist Party.

The PFR did not outlast Mussolini's execution and the disappearance of the Salò state in April 1945. However, it inspired the creation of the Italian Social Movement (MSI) and the MSI has been seen as the successor to the PFR and the PNF. The MSI was formed by former Fascist leaders and veterans of the National Republican Army of the Salò Republic. The party tried to modernise and revise fascist doctrine into a more moderate and sophisticated direction.

Giuseppe Pizzirani [it] led the PFR organisation in Rome until April 1944, when he was named Deputy Secretary of the national party organisation.

Ideology

The PFR sought to reconnect the new party with pre-1922 radical fascism. This move attracted parts of the fascist 'Old Guard', who had been sidelined after Mussolini had come to power in 1922. The new party was, however, internally divided, with different internal tendencies vying for Mussolini's support, and whilst the PFR revived some of the early revolutionary fascist discourse, it did not return to the anti-clerical positions of the early fascist movement.

In addition, the party promoted a revolutionary form of Italian nationalism, antisemitism, anti-liberalism, anti-communism, anti-capitalism, anti-monarchism, and republicanism.

Secretary of the PFR

• Alessandro Pavolini (15 November 1943 – 28 April 1945)

National Congress

• 1st National Congress – Verona, 14–15 November 1943

References

1. Banned by the Constitution of Italy on 22 December 1947

1. Arrigo Petacco, Il comunista in camicia nera: Nicola Bombacci tra Lenin e Mussolini, Milano, Mondadori, 1997.
2. Roberto D'Angeli, Storia del Partito Fascista Repubblicano, Roma, Castelvecchi, 2016.
3. Guerrazzi, Amedeo Osti. "9 From Fascism to the Italian Civil War: The Republican Fascist’s Identity from 1943 to 1945." Italy and the Second World War. Brill, 2018. 203-223.
4. Roggi, Alessandra. "The role of ideology in the Italian Social Republic (1943-1945)." The role of ideology in the Italian Social Republic (1943-1945) (2015): 676-687.
5. Berardi, Silvio. "L’impossibile dialogo tra repubblicani fascisti e repubblicani storici (ottobre 1943-aprile 1944)." MONDO CONTEMPORANEO 2015/1 (2015).
6. Mack Smith, Denis (1983). Mussolini. New York, NY: Vintage Books. pp. 43, 44. ISBN 0394716582.
7. Raniolo, Francesco (2013). I partiti politici. Roma: Editori Laterza. pp. 116–117.
8. Adams, Sean; Morioka, Noreen; Stone, Terry Lee (2006). Color Design Workbook: A Real World Guide to Using Color in Graphic Design. Gloucester, Mass.: Rockport Publishers. pp. 86. ISBN 159253192X. OCLC 60393965.
9. Olick, Jeffrey K. 2003. States of Memory-CL: continuities, conflicts, and transformations in national retrospection. Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-3063-6. p. 69.
10. Roberto., D'Angeli (2019). Storia del partito fascista repubblicano. Castelvecchi. ISBN 978-88-3282-582-4. OCLC 1091262426.
11. ^ Dianella Gagliani, Il Partito nel Fascismo Repubblicano Delle Origini: Una Prima Messa a Punto, in Rivista di Storia Contemporanea, vol. 23, n. 1/2, 1º gennaio 1994, pp. 130-169.
12. Davies, Peter; Lynch, Derek (2002). The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right. Routledge. p. 328. ISBN 978-0-203-99472-6.
13. Levy, 1996, p. 188.
14. Ignazi, 1998, p. 157.
15. Stanley Payne (1992). "Fascism". In Mary E. Hawkesworth; Maurice Kogan (eds.). Encyclopedia of Government and Politics. Psychology Press. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-415-07224-3.
16. Claudia Baldoli; Brendan Fleming (25 September 2014). A British Fascist in the Second World War: The Italian War Diary of James Strachey Barnes, 1943-45. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 211. ISBN 978-1-4725-0789-1.
17. John Pollard (22 July 2005). The Fascist Experience in Italy. Routledge. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-134-81904-1.
18. Griffin, 2000, pp. 31–35
19. Kallis, 2008, p. 515
20. Grčić, Joseph. Ethics and Political Theory (Lanham, Maryland: University of America, Inc, 2000) p. 120.
    • Griffin, Roger and Matthew Feldman, eds., Fascism: Fascism and Culture (London and New York: Routledge, 2004) p. 185.
    • Jackson J. Spielvogel. Western Civilization. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2012. p. 935.
21. Stanley G. Payne. A History of Fascism, 1914–1945. p. 106.
22. Roger Griffin, "Nationalism" in Cyprian Blamires, ed., World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia, vol. 2 (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2006), pp. 451–53.
23. Riley, Dylan (2010). The Civic Foundations of Fascism in Europe: Italy, Spain, and Romania, 1870–1945. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-8018-9427-5.
24. L' antisemitismo nella Repubblica Sociale Italiana. Repertorio delle fonti conservate all'Archivio centrale dello Stato, Libreria Universitaria
25. La Repubblica sociale italiana e la persecuzione degli ebrei
26. Jim Powell, "The Economic Leadership Secrets of Benito Mussolini", Forbes, 22 February 2012
27. Eugen Weber. The Western Tradition: From the Renaissance to the present. Heath, 1972. Pp. 791.
28. Stanislao G. Pugliese. Fascism, anti-fascism, and the resistance in Italy: 1919 to the present. Oxford, England, UK: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2004. pp. 43–44.
29. Rimbotti, 2018

v t e Benito Mussolini
Head of the Government and Duce of Fascism (1922–1943) Assassination attempts · Death
Politics	Duce Fascist Manifesto Italian Fascism Spazio vitale Economic policies Racist policies Leggi razziali Manifesto della razza Fascist propaganda Model of masculinity Rome–Berlin Axis Pact of Steel
Events	March on Rome Mussolini Cabinet Second Italo-Ethiopian War Foundation of the Empire Spanish Civil War Invasion of Albania World War II Mussolini's escape Italian Civil War Dongo Treasure
Elections	1924 general election 1929 general election 1934 general election
Political parties	Italian Socialist Party (1901–1914) Fascio d'Azione Rivoluzionaria (1914–1919) Fasci Italiani di Combattimento (1919–1921) National Fascist Party (1921–1943) Republican Fascist Party (1943–1945)
Family	Rachele Mussolini (wife) Clara Petacci (lover) Ida Dalser (wife) Margherita Sarfatti (lover) Edda Mussolini (daughter) Vittorio Mussolini (son) Bruno Mussolini (son) Romano Mussolini (son) Maria Scicolone (daughter-in-law) Alessandra Mussolini (granddaughter) Rachele Mussolini (granddaughter) Fabrizio Ciano, 3rd Count of Cortellazzo and Buccari (grandson) Romano Floriani Mussolini (great-grandson)
Popular culture	Television: Dwight's Speech Mussolini: Son of the Century Books: Mussolini diaries Mussolini: His Part in My Downfall M: Son of the Century Films: Benito The Eternal City Mussolini and I I'm Back The Killers of Mussolini Last Days of Mussolini Mussolini Speaks Mussolini: The Untold Story Vincere

v t e Historical political parties in Italy
Communist	Proletarian Unity Party (1972–1984) Italian Communist Party (1921–1991) Proletarian Democracy (1978–1991) Party of Italian Communists (1998–2014)
Democratic socialist	Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party (1881–1893) Italian Workers' Party (1882–1892) Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity (1964–1972) Democratic Party of the Left (1991–1998) Democratic Left (2007–2010) Left Ecology Freedom (2010-2016)
Green	Rainbow Greens (1989–1990) Federation of Green Lists (1986–1990) Federation of the Greens (1990–2021)
Social-democratic and liberal-socialist	Italian Reformist Socialist Party (1912–1926) Unitary Socialist Party (1922–1930) Action Party (1929–1947) Labour Democratic Party (1943–1948) Union of Socialists (1948–1949) Unitary Socialist Party (1949–1951) Unified Socialist Party (1966–1969) Italian Socialist Party (1892–1994) Italian Democratic Socialist Party (1947–1998) Labour Federation (1994–1998) Democrats of the Left (1998–2007) Italian Democratic Socialists (1998–2007) Article One (2017–2023)
Radical and social-liberal	Action Party (1853–1867) Italian Radical Party (1904–1922) Democratic Party (1913–1919) Social Democracy (1922–1926) Republican Democratic Concentration (1946) Radical Party (1955–1989) Democratic Alliance (1993–1997) The Network (1991–1999)
Centrist and centrist liberal	Constitutional Democratic Party (1913–1919) Italian Democratic Liberal Party (1919–1926) Democratic Union for the Republic (1998–1999) Union for the Republic Italian Renewal (1996–2002) The Democrats (1999–2002) Segni Pact (1993–2003) Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (2002–2007) Civic Choice (2013–2019) Liberal Popular Alliance (2015–2018)
Regionalist and federalist	Movement for the Independence of Sicily (1943–1951) Italian Unionist Movement (1944–1948) Federalists and Liberal Democrats (1994–1996) Federalist Italian League (1995–1996) Great South (2011–2013)
Christian-democratic	Italian Catholic Electoral Union (1906–1919) Conservative Catholics (1913–1919) Italian People's Party (1919–1926) Christian Democracy (1943–1994) Italian People's Party (1994–2002) Christian Democrats for the Republic (1998) Christian Democratic Centre (1994–2002) United Christian Democrats (1995–2002) European Democracy (2001–2002) Christian Democracy for Autonomies (2005–2009) Union of Democrats for Europe (1999–2013)
Conservative-liberal	Liberal Union (1913–1922) Italian Liberal Party (1922–1994) National Democratic Alliance (1953–1954) Union of the Centre
Liberal-conservative	Economic Party (1919–1924) Forza Italia (1994–2009) The People of Freedom (2009–2013) Future and Freedom (2010–2014) New Centre-Right (2013–2017) Conservatives and Reformists (2015–2017) Direction Italy (2017–2019) Cambiamo! (2019–2022)
National-conservative	Common Man's Front (1946–1949) Monarchist National Party (1946–1959) People's Monarchist Party (1954–1959) Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity (1959–1972) National Democracy (1977–1979) National Alliance (1995–2009)
Nationalist	Italian Nationalist Association (1910–1923) Combatants' Party (1919–1923) National Fascist Party (1921–1943) Republican Fascist Party (1943–1945) Italian Social Movement (1946–1995)
List of political parties in Italy 19th-century Italian political groups Early 20th-century Italian political parties 1950s–1990s Italian political parties Current Italian political parties

• 1943 establishments in Italy
• 1945 disestablishments in Italy
• Anti-communist parties
• Antisemitism in Italy
• Banned far-right parties
• Defunct nationalist parties in Italy
• Defunct political parties in Italy
• Fascist parties
• Italian Social Republic
• National syndicalism
• Parties of one-party systems
• Political parties established in 1943
• Political parties disestablished in 1945