| Prachalit Nepal 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐔𑐮𑐶𑐟 𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮 | |
|---|---|
 The word 'Prachalit Nepal' in Prachalit Nepal script | |
| Script type | Abugida |
| Time period | Unknown — 1769 |
| Direction | Left-to-right  |
| Languages | Nepal Bhasa, Sanskrit, Pali |
| Related scripts | |
| Parent systems | Proto-Sinaitic script |
| Sister systems | Ranjana Bhujimol |
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Newa (333), Newa, Newar, Newari, Nepāla lipi |
| Unicode | |
| Unicode alias | Newa |
| Unicode range | U+11400–U+1147F |
| Brahmic scripts |
|---|
| The Brahmi script and its descendants |
| Northern Brahmic |
| Southern Brahmic |
Prachalit, also known as Newa, Newar, Newari, or Nepāla lipi is a type of abugida script developed from the Nepalese scripts, which are a part of the family of Brahmic scripts descended from Brahmi script. It is used to write Nepal Bhasa, Sanskrit and Pali. Various publications are still published in this script including the Sikkim Herald the bulletin of the Sikkim government (Newari edition).
Consonants
| Plosive | Nasal | Sonorant | Sibilant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiceless | Voiced | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plain | Aspirated | Modal | Breathy | Modal | Breathy | Modal | Breathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Velar | 𑐎 | क | kə | kə | 𑐏 | ख | khə | kʰə | 𑐐 | ग | gə | ɡə | 𑐑 | घ | ghə | ɡʱə | 𑐒 | ङ | ŋə | ŋə | 𑐓 | ङ्ह | ŋhə | ŋʱə | ||||||||||||
| Palatal | 𑐔 | च | cə | tɕə | 𑐕 | छ | chə | tɕʰə | 𑐖 | ज | jə | dʑə | 𑐗 | झ | jhə | dʑʱə | 𑐘 | ञ | ñə | ɲə | 𑐙 | ञ्ह | ñhə | ɲʱə | 𑐫 | य | yə | jə | 𑐴𑑂𑐫 | ह्य | yhə | jʱə | 𑐱 | श | sə | sə |
| Retroflex | 𑐚 | ट | ṭə | ʈə | 𑐛 | ठ | ṭhə | ʈʰə | 𑐜 | ड | ḍə | ɖə | 𑐝 | ढ | ḍhə | ɖʱə | 𑐞 | ण | ṇə | ɳə | 𑐴𑑂𑐞 | ण्ह | ṇhə | ɳʱə | 𑐬 | र | rə | ɾə | 𑐭 | ह्र | rhə | ɾʱə | 𑐲 | ष | sə | sə |
| Dental | 𑐟 | त | tə | tə | 𑐠 | थ | thə | tʰə | 𑐡 | द | də | də | 𑐢 | ध | dhə | dʱə | 𑐣 | न | nə | nə | 𑐤 | न्ह | nhə | nʱə | 𑐮 | ल | lə | lə | 𑐯 | ल्ह | lhə | lʱə | 𑐳 | स | sə | sə |
| Labial | 𑐥 | प | pə | pə | 𑐦 | फ | phə | pʰə | 𑐧 | ब | bə | bə | 𑐨 | भ | bhə | bʱə | 𑐩 | म | mə | mə | 𑐪 | म्ह | mhə | mʱə | 𑐰 | व | wə | wɔ | 𑐴𑑂𑐰 | व्ह | whə | wʱɔ | ||||
| Guttural | 𑐴 | ह | hə | hə |
|---|
Vowels
| Short | Long | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | 𑐎+ k+ | 𑐐+ g+ | Independent | 𑐎+ k+ | 𑐐+ g+ | ||||||||||||||||||
| 𑐀 | अ | ə | ə | 𑐎 | क | kə | kə | 𑐐 | ग | gə | ɡə | 𑐀𑑅 | अः | əə | əː | 𑐎𑑅 | कः | kəə | kəː | 𑐐𑑅 | गः | gəə | ɡəː |
| 𑐁 | आ | a | a | 𑐎𑐵 | का | ka | ka | 𑐐𑐵 | गा | ga | ɡa | 𑐁𑑅 | आः | aa | aː | 𑐎𑐵𑑅 | काः | kaa | kaː | 𑐐𑐵𑑅 | गाः | gaa | ɡaː |
| 𑐂 | इ | i | i | 𑐎𑐶 | कि | ki | ki | 𑐐𑐶 | गि | gi | ɡi | 𑐃 | ई | ii | iː | 𑐎𑐷 | की | kii | kiː | 𑐐𑐷 | गी | gii | ɡiː |
| 𑐄 | उ | u | u | 𑐎𑐸 | कु | ku | ku | 𑐐𑐸 | गु | gu | ɡu | 𑐅 | ऊ | uu | uː | 𑐎𑐹 | कू | kuu | kuː | 𑐐𑐹 | गू | guu | ɡuː |
| 𑐆 | ऋ | ri | ɾi | 𑐎𑐺 | कृ | kri | kɾi | 𑐐𑐺 | गृ | gri | ɡɾi | 𑐇 | ॠ | rii | ɾiː | 𑐎𑐻 | कॄ | krii | kɾiː | 𑐐𑐻 | गॄ | grii | gɾiː |
| 𑐈 | ऌ | ? | ? | 𑐎𑐼 | कॢ | ? | ? | 𑐐𑐼 | गॢ | ? | ? | 𑐉 | ॡ | ? | ? | 𑐎𑐽 | कॣ | ? | ? | 𑐐𑐽 | गॣ | ? | ? |
| 𑐊 | ए | e | e | 𑐎𑐾 | के | ke | ke | 𑐐𑐾 | गे | ge | ɡe | 𑐊𑑅 | एः | ee | eː | 𑐎𑐾𑑅 | केः | kee | keː | 𑐐𑐾𑑅 | गेः | gee | ɡeː |
| 𑐌 | ओ | o | o | 𑐎𑑀 | को | ko | ko | 𑐐𑑀 | गो | go | ɡo | 𑐌𑑅 | ओः | oo | oː | 𑐎𑑀𑑅 | कोः | koo | koː | 𑐐𑑀𑑅 | गोः | goo | ɡoː |
| Other vowels | Other diacritics | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | 𑐎+ k+ | 𑐐+ g+ | 𑐀+ ə+ | 𑐎+ kə+ | 𑐐+ gə+ | ||||||||||||||||||
| 𑐋 | ऐ | əi | əi | 𑐎𑐿 | कै | kəi | kəi | 𑐐𑐿 | गै | gəi | ɡəi | 𑐀𑑄 | अं | ə̃ | ə̃ | 𑐎𑑄 | कं | kə̃ | kə̃ | 𑐐𑑄 | गं | gə̃ | ɡə̃ |
| 𑐍 | औ | əu | əu | 𑐎𑑁 | कौ | kəu | kəu | 𑐐𑑁 | गौ | gəu | ɡəu | 𑐀𑑃 | अँ | ə̃ | ə̃ | 𑐎𑑃 | कँ | kə̃ | kə̃ | 𑐐𑑃 | गँ | gə̃ | ɡə̃ |
| 𑐀𑐫𑑂 | अय् | əe | ɛː | 𑐎𑐫𑑂 | कय् | kəe | kɛː | 𑐐𑐫𑑂 | गय् | gəe | ɡɛː | ||||||||||||
| 𑐁𑐫𑑂 | आय् | ae | æː | 𑐎𑐵𑐫𑑂 | काय् | kae | kæː | 𑐐𑐵𑐫𑑂 | गाय् | gae | ɡæː | ||||||||||||
| 𑐊𑐫𑑂 | एय् | ? | ? | 𑐎𑐾𑐫𑑂 | केय् | ? | ? | 𑐐𑐾𑐫𑑂 | गेय् | ? | ? | ||||||||||||
| 𑑂 | ् | - | Ø | 𑐎𑑂 | क् | k | k | 𑐐𑑂 | ग् | g | ɡ | ||||||||||||
Symbols
Numerals
| 𑑐 | 𑑑 | 𑑒 | 𑑓 | 𑑔 | 𑑕 | 𑑖 | 𑑗 | 𑑘 | 𑑙 |
| ० | १ | २ | ३ | ४ | ५ | ६ | ७ | ८ | ९ |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
Unicode
Main article: Newa (Unicode block)Prachalit Nepal script was added to the Unicode Standard in June, 2016 with the release of version 9.0.
The Unicode block for Prachalit Nepal, called Newa, is U+11400–U+1147F:
| Newa Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+1140x | 𑐀 | 𑐁 | 𑐂 | 𑐃 | 𑐄 | 𑐅 | 𑐆 | 𑐇 | 𑐈 | 𑐉 | 𑐊 | 𑐋 | 𑐌 | 𑐍 | 𑐎 | 𑐏 |
| U+1141x | 𑐐 | 𑐑 | 𑐒 | 𑐓 | 𑐔 | 𑐕 | 𑐖 | 𑐗 | 𑐘 | 𑐙 | 𑐚 | 𑐛 | 𑐜 | 𑐝 | 𑐞 | 𑐟 |
| U+1142x | 𑐠 | 𑐡 | 𑐢 | 𑐣 | 𑐤 | 𑐥 | 𑐦 | 𑐧 | 𑐨 | 𑐩 | 𑐪 | 𑐫 | 𑐬 | 𑐭 | 𑐮 | 𑐯 |
| U+1143x | 𑐰 | 𑐱 | 𑐲 | 𑐳 | 𑐴 | 𑐵 | 𑐶 | 𑐷 | 𑐸 | 𑐹 | 𑐺 | 𑐻 | 𑐼 | 𑐽 | 𑐾 | 𑐿 |
| U+1144x | 𑑀 | 𑑁 | 𑑂 | 𑑃 | 𑑄 | 𑑅 | 𑑆 | 𑑇 | 𑑈 | 𑑉 | 𑑊 | 𑑋 | 𑑌 | 𑑍 | 𑑎 | 𑑏 |
| U+1145x | 𑑐 | 𑑑 | 𑑒 | 𑑓 | 𑑔 | 𑑕 | 𑑖 | 𑑗 | 𑑘 | 𑑙 | 𑑚 | 𑑛 | 𑑝 | 𑑞 | 𑑟 | |
| U+1146x | 𑑠 | 𑑡 | ||||||||||||||
| U+1147x | ||||||||||||||||
Notes
| ||||||||||||||||
See also
References
- ^ Pandey, Anshuman (3 May 2011). "N4038: Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Prachalit Nepal Script in ISO/IEC 10646" (PDF). Retrieved 24 June 2016.
- Masica, Colin (1993). The Indo-Aryan languages. p. 143.
Further reading
- Rabison Shakya (2002). Alphabet of the Nepalese Scriptbook. Patan, Nepal. ISBN 99933-34-36-7.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Covers Prachalit, Ranjana and Bhujimol, development, current use, information about and drawings of character formation. - Hall, Pat (21 September 2012). "Problems with Unicode for Languages Unsupported by Computers" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
External links
- ScriptSource page on Prachalit Nepal script
- Fonts for Prachalit, Ranjana and Brahmi scripts
- Noto Sans Newa (GitHub) – a Noto font for Newa