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Cacholote
Brown cacholote (Pseudoseisura lophotes)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Furnariidae
Genus:	Pseudoseisura Reichenbach, 1853
Type species
Anabates gutturalis White-throated cacholote D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838
Species
Pseudoseisura cristata Pseudoseisura gutturalis Pseudoseisura lophotes Pseudoseisura unirufa †Pseudoseisura cursor

The cacholotes are four species of relatively large, heavy-billed furnariids in the genus Pseudoseisura. They are found in shrubby habitats in the South American countries of Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. They are essentially brown (ranging from deep rufous to pale gray-brown depending on species), and all are crested to some extent.

Taxonomy

The genus Pseudoseisura was introduced in 1853 by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach to accommodate the white-throated cacholote. The name combines the Ancient Greek pseudos meaning "false" and seisoura, a bird mentioned by the Greek lexicologist Hesychius of Alexandria and believed to be a wagtail Motacilla.

Species

The genus contains four extant species:

Image	Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
	Pseudoseisura cristata	Caatinga cacholote	Caatinga in north-eastern Brazil.
	Pseudoseisura unirufa	Grey-crested cacholote	Pantanal-region in Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia
	Pseudoseisura lophotes	Brown cacholote	northern Argentina, western Paraguay and Uruguay; also in southeastern Bolivia and Rio Grande do Sul
	Pseudoseisura gutturalis	White-throated cacholote	Argentina (Patagonia and the northwest).

The allopatric Caatinga and gray-crested cacholotes were formerly considered conspecific under the name rufous cacholote (Pseudoseisura cristata).

Fossil species:

• †Pseudoseisura cursor (Pleistocene of Argentina)

References

1. Reichenbach, Ludwig (1853). "Icones ad synopsin avium No. 10 Scansoriae A". Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie (in German). Vol. 6. Dresden und Leipzig: Expedition Vollständigsten Naturgeschichte. pp. 145–218 .
2. Peters, James Lee, ed. (1951). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 7. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 122.
3. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 321. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
4. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2021). "Ovenbirds, woodcreepers". IOC World Bird List Version 11.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
5. Zimmer, Kevin J.; Whittaker, Andrew (2000). "The Rufous Cacholote (Furnariidae: pseudoseisura) is two species" (PDF). The Condor. 102 (2): 409–422. doi:10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0409:TRCFPI]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85801003.
6. Tonni, Eduardo P.; Norieg, Jorge I. (2001). "Una especie extinta de Pseudoseisura Reichenbach 1853 (Passeriformes: Furnariidae) del Pleistoceno de la Argentina: Comentarios Filogeneticos" (PDF). Ornitologia Neotropical. 12 (1): 29–44.

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