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Serbi–Mongolic is a proposed group of languages that includes the Mongolic languages as well as the Para-Mongolic languages, a proposed extinct sister branch of the Mongolic languages.

Names

Serbi (*serbi) is Shimunek's reconstruction for the historical ethnonym Xianbei (鮮卑).

In Glottolog 4.4, the languages are referred to as Mongolic–Khitan.

Languages

Below is a preliminary classification of the Serbi–Mongolic languages in Shimunek (2017:35):

• Serbi–Mongolic
  • Mongolic
    • Central Mongolic languages
      • Eastern Central Mongolic
        • Khalkha Mongolian
        • Khorchin Mongolian
        • Chakhar Mongolian
      • Oirat
        • Kalmyk
      • Ordos Mongolian
    • Southern Mongolic languages
      • Shirongolic
        • Mongour
        • Dongxiang
        • Bonan
        • Santa
        • Kangjia
      • Shira Yugur
    • Daur
    • Moghol
  • Serbi–Awar (= Juha Janhunen's "Para-Mongolic")
    • Awar (Avar) (Wuhuan 烏桓 or Wuwan 烏丸)
    • Old Serbi (Common Serbi)
      • Ch’i-fu/Qifu 乞伏 (northern Early Middle Chinese/NEMC *kʰɨrbuwk)
      • Tuan/Duan 段 (NEMC *dɔr̃)
      • Tabghach
      • Tuyuhun/T’u-yü-hun (Mu-jung/Murong 慕容)
      • Kitanic (Yü-wen/Yuwen 宇文)
        • Old Kitan
        • Qay 奚 (NEMC *ɣay)
        • Shirwi proper 室韋 (*širwi/*širβi < *serbi 鮮卑 'Xianbei')

Sound changes

Phonological innovations from Common Serbi–Mongolic (i.e., Proto-Serbi–Mongolic) to Proto-Mongolic and Proto-Serbi are (Shimunek 2017:415):

See also

• Xianbei

Notes

1. also known as Mongolic–Khitan, Mongolo-Khitanic, Khitano-Mongolic and Macro-Mongolic

References

1. ^ Shimunek, Andrew (2017). Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: a Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-10855-3. OCLC 993110372.
2. Mongolic-Khitan. Glottolog 4.4. Accessed 2021-09-29.
3. Janhunen (2006:232–233)
4. Nugteren (2011)
5. Janhunen, Juha (2003a). "Proto-Mongolic". In Janhunen, Juha (ed.). The Mongolic languages. Routledge. ISBN 9780700711338.

Sources

• Janhunen, Juha (2006). "Mongolic languages". In Brown, K. (ed.). The encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 231–234.
• Nugteren, Hans (2011). Mongolic Phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu Languages (Ph.D. thesis). Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics / Landelijke – LOT.

• Mongolic–Khitan languages
• Proposed language families