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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Qom, Iran.

Prior to 20th century

Part of a series on the
History of Iran
The Gate of All Nations in Fars
Prehistoric periodBCE / BC Baradostian culture c. 36,000–18,000 Zarzian culture c. 20,000–10,000 Shulaveri–Shomu culture c. 6000–5000 Zayandeh River Culture c. 6th millennium Dalma culture c. 5th millennium
Ancient period Kura–Araxes culture 3400–2000 Helmand culture/Jiroft culture c. 3300–2200 Proto-Elamite 3200–2700 Lullubi Kingdom/Zamua c. 3100-675 Elam 2700–539 Marhaši c. 2550-2020 Oxus Civilization c. 2400–1700 Akkadian Empire 2400–2150 Kassites c. 1500–1155 Avestan period c. 1500–500 Neo-Assyrian Empire 911–609 Urartu 860–590 Mannaea 850–616 Zikirti 750-521 Saparda 720-670
Imperial period Median Empire 678–550 BC Scythian Kingdom 652–625 BC Anshanite Kingdom 635 BC–550 BC Neo-Babylonian Empire 626 BC–539 BC Sogdia c. 6th century BC–11th century AD Achaemenid Empire 550 BC–330 BC Kingdom of Armenia 331 BC–428 AD Atropatene c. 323 BC–226 AD Kingdom of Cappadocia 320s BC–17 AD Seleucid Empire 312 BC–63 BC Kingdom of Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224 AD Indo-Parthian Kingdom 19 AD–224/5 Paratarajas 125–300 Sasanian Empire 224–651 Zarmihrids 6th century–785 Qarinvandids 550s–11th century
Medieval periodCE / AD Rashidun Caliphate 632-661 Umayyad Caliphate 661–750 Abbasid Caliphate 750–1258 Dabuyids 642–760 Bavandids 651–1349 Masmughans of Damavand 651–760 Baduspanids 665–1598 Justanids 791 – 11th century Alid dynasties 864 – 14th century Tahirid dynasty 821–873 Samanid Empire 819–999 Saffarid dynasty 861–1003 Ghurid dynasty pre-879 – 1215 Sajid dynasty 889–929 Sallarid dynasty 919–1062 Ziyarid dynasty 930–1090 Ilyasids 932–968 Buyid dynasty 934–1062 Rawadid dynasty 955–1070 Hasanwayhids 959–1095 Ghaznavid dynasty 977–1186 Annazids 990/1–1117 Kakuyids 1008–1141 Nasrid dynasty 1029–1236 Shabankara 1030–1355 Seljuk Empire 1037–1194 Khwarazmian dynasty 1077–1231 Eldiguzids 1135–1225 Atabegs of Yazd 1141–1319 Salghurids 1148–1282 Hazaraspids 1155–1424 Pishkinid dynasty 1155–1231 Khorshidi dynasty 1184-1597 Qutlugh-Khanids 1223-1306 Mihrabanids 1236–1537 Kurt dynasty 1244–1396 Ilkhanate Empire 1256–1335 Chobanid dynasty 1335–1357 Muzaffarid dynasty 1335–1393 Jalayirid Sultanate 1337–1376 Sarbadars 1337–1376 Injuids 1335–1357 Afrasiyab dynasty 1349–1504 Mar'ashis 1359–1596 Timurid Empire 1370–1507 Kar-Kiya dynasty 1370s–1592 Qara Qoyunlu 1406–1468 Aq Qoyunlu 1468–1508
Early modern period Safavid Iran 1501–1736 (Hotak dynasty) 1722–1729 Afsharid Iran 1736–1796 Zand dynasty 1751–1794
Modern period Qajar Iran 1789–1925 Pahlavi Iran 1925–1979
Contemporary period Iranian Revolution 1979 Interim Government 1979 Islamic Republic 1979–present
Related articles Name Monarchs Heads of state Economic history LGBT history Military history Women's history Wars
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v t e

• 685 - Arab Shia refugees settle in Qom.
• 804/805 - Qom gains "administrative independence from Isfahan."
• 816 - Death of Fātimah bint Mūsā (sister of 8th Imam of Twelver Shia faith); shrine develops thereafter.
• 825 - Qom "attacked."
• 988 - Hasan ibn Muhammad Qumi writes Tarikh-i Qum (city history).
• 1050s - Hassan-i Sabbah born in Qom (approximate date).
• 1224 - City besieged by Mongol forces.
• 1393 - Timur in power.
• 1442 - City becomes seat of government of Timurid monarch Sultan Muhammad bin Baysonqor.
• 1447/1448 - City sacked by Qara Qoyunlu forces.
• 1469 - Ağ Qoyunlu in power.
• 1501 - Twelver Shia Islam declared official state religion in Iran, a development beneficial to Qom as a holy city (approximate date).
• 1722 - Qom sacked by Afghans.
• 1883 - "New court" built at the Fatima shrine.

20th century

• 1920 - Population: 30,000-40,000 (approximate estimate).
• 1922 - Qom Seminary (hawza) established.
• 1923 - Printing press in operation.
• 1950 - Population: 83,235 (estimate).
• 1960 - Population: 105,272 (estimate).
• 1963
  • Mar'ashi Najafi library established.
  • Religious leader Khomeini arrested and exiled.
• 1966 - Population: 134,292.
• 1974 - Mohemmat Sazi Football Club formed.
• 1975 - "Riots involving 'Muslim Marxists.'"
• 1976 - Population: 246,831.
• 1978 - 7–9 January: Iranian Revolution against Pahlavis begins in Qom.
• 1982 - Population: 424,000 (estimate).
• 1996
  • Center for the Revival of Islamic Heritage established.
  • Population: 777,677.
• 1999 - February: Local election held.

21st century

• 2008 - Yadegar-e Emam Stadium opens.
• 2009
  • December: Funeral of religious leader Hussein-Ali Montazeri.
  • Qom Monorail construction begins.
• 2011 - Population: 1,074,036.
• 2013 - 14 June: Local election held.
• 2014 - City becomes part of newly formed national administrative Region 1.
• 2020 - 19 February: The first two cases of COVID-19 were detected in Iran.

See also

• Qom history
• History of Qom [fa]
• Category:Monuments in Qom (in Persian)
• Timelines of other cities in Iran: Bandar Abbas, Hamadan, Isfahan, Kerman, Mashhad, Shiraz, Tabriz, Tehran, Yazd

References

1. ^ Stanley 2008.
2. ^ Calmard 1980.
3. Drechsler 2005.
4. Daftary, Farhad (2011). The Ismā'īlīs: their history and doctrines (2 ed.). Cambridge New York, NY: Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 311. ISBN 9780521850841.
5. ^ Drechsler 2009.
6. Massumeh Farhad. "Qum". Oxford Art Online. Retrieved 13 February 2017
7. "Persia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust. Kom
8. ^ J.T.P. de Bruijn, ed. (2008). General Introduction to Persian Literature. History of Persian Literature. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85773-650-5.
9. ^ Barthold 1984.
10. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161. Ghom
11. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
12. "Countries of the World: Iran". Statesman's Yearbook 2003. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 2002. ISBN 978-0-333-98096-5.
13. "Iran". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
14. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016.

This article incorporates information from the Persian Misplaced Pages.

Bibliography

in English

• George Nathaniel Curzon (1892). "(Kum)". Persia and the Persian Question. Vol. 2. London. pp. 6–12. hdl:2027/hvd.32044022702278.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Albert Houtum-Schindler (1897). "Province of Kom". Eastern Persian Irak. London: J. Murray and Royal Geographical Society. pp. 56+. hdl:2027/mdp.39015000658461.
• "Kum" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 945.
• C. A. Storey (1936). "History of Persia: Qum". Persian Literature: a Bio-Bibliographical Survey. Vol. 1. London: Luzac & Company. OCLC 1312518.
• Laurence Lockhart (1960). Persian Cities. London. pp. 127–131. OCLC 1370385.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Jean Calmard (1980). "Kum". In C. Edmund Bosworth; et al. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 5 (2nd ed.). Brill. pp. 369–372. via Google Books
• W. Barthold (1984). "Isfahan, Kashan, and Qum". Historical Geography of Iran. Translated by Svat Soucek. Princeton University Press. pp. 178–179. ISBN 978-1-4008-5322-9.
• Ernst Hunziker (April 1994). "Qom: Holy City of the Mullahs". Swiss Review of World Affairs. Neue Zürcher Zeitung. ISSN 0039-7490.
• Noelle Watson, ed. (1996), "Qom", International Dictionary of Historic Places, Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 600+, ISBN 9781884964039
• Andreas Drechsler (2005). "Tāriḵ-e Qom". Encyclopædia Iranica. (About city history written in 10th century)
• Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Qom", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, US: ABC-CLIO, pp. 301+, ISBN 9781576079195
• Andreas Drechsler (2009). "Qom: History to the Safavid Period". Encyclopædia Iranica. (Includes bibliography)
• Graeme Wood (2010), "Among the Mullahs", The Atlantic, US
• Aḥmad Monzawī; ʿAlī Naqī Monzawī (2012). "Bibliographies and Catalogues in Iran: Qom". Encyclopædia Iranica.

in other languages

• António Baião (1923). Itinerarios da India a Portugal por terra (in Portuguese). Coimbra – via Digital Library of India.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (Includes information about Qom)
• Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad Qummī (1934). Jalāl al-Dīn Ṭihrānī (ed.). Tarikh-i Qumm (in Persian). Tehran. OCLC 54247737.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (Written in 10th century in Arabic)
• Fredy Bemont (1969). Les Villes de l'Iran (in French). Paris. pp. 179–182. OCLC 489929494.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Hossein Modarressi Tabataba'i (1971), Qom dar qarn-e nohom-e hejri, 801-900 (in Persian), Qom, OCLC 21745342{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Marcel Bazin (1973). "Qom, ville de pèlerinage et centre régional". Revue Géographique de l'Est (in French). 13 (1–2). ISSN 0035-3213 – via Persée.
• M. Tabataba’i. Turbat-i Pākān , 2 vols (Qom, 1976)
• Andreas Drechsler (1999), Geschichte der Stadt Qom im Mittelalter (650-1350): politische und wirtschaftliche Aspekte, Islamkundliche Untersuchungen (in German), Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, ISBN 3879972761 – via Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt [de] Menadoc [de]
• Djamileh Zia (2011). "Qom, la plus ancienne ville chiite de l'Iran". La Revue de Téhéran (in French) (72).

External links

• Houchang E. Chehabi (ed.). "Cities: Qom". Bibliographia Iranica. US: Iranian Studies Group at MIT. (Bibliography)
• Items related to Qom, various dates (via Qatar Digital Library)
• "(Qom)". Women's Worlds in Qajar Iran. Harvard University. Primary-source materials related to the social and cultural history of women's worlds in Qajar Iran
• "(Qom)", Asnad.org: Digital Persian Archive, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Image Database of Persian Historical Documents from Iran and Central Asia up to the 20th Century
• Items related to Qom, various dates (via Europeana)
• Items related to Qom, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)

• Years in Iran
• History of Qom
• Timelines of cities in Iran