| Troctomorpha Temporal range: Late Jurassic–Present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N | |
|---|---|
| |
| Burmacompsocus perreaui (Compsocidae) | |
| |
| Liposcelis (Liposcelididae) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Psocodea |
| Suborder: | Troctomorpha Roesler, 1944 |
| Infraorders | |
Troctomorpha is one of the three major suborders of Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera)(barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice), alongside Psocomorpha and Trogiomorpha. There are more than 30 families and 5,800 described species in Troctomorpha. The order includes parasitic lice, which are most closely related to the booklice family Liposcelididae.
Cladogram
Cladogram showing the position of Troctomorpha within Psocodea:
| Psocodea |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fossil record
The oldest record of the suborder is suggested to be Paramesopsocus adibi, known from the Late Jurassic Karabastau Formation of Kazakhstan.
Classification
Troctomorpha contains the following subgroups:
- Infraorder: Amphientometae
- Family: Amphientomidae Enderlein, 1903 (tropical barklice)
- Family: Compsocidae Mockford, 1967
- Family: Electrentomidae Enderlein, 1911
- Family: Manicapsocidae Mockford, 1967
- Family: Musapsocidae Mockford, 1967
- Family: Protroctopsocidae Smithers, 1972
- Family: Troctopsocidae Mockford, 1967
- Infraorder: Nanopsocetae
- Family: Liposcelididae Broadhead, 1950 (booklice)
- Family: Pachytroctidae Enderlein, 1904 (thick barklice)
- Family: Sphaeropsocidae Menon, 1941
- Parvorder: Phthiraptera
- Superfamily: Amblycera
- Family: Ancistronidae
- Family: Boopiidae Mjoberg, 1910
- Family: Colpocephalidae Eichler, 1937
- Family: Gliricolidae
- Family: Gyropidae Kellogg, 1896
- Family: Laemobothriidae Mjoberg, 1910
- Family: Menoponidae Mjoberg, 1910 (chicken body lice)
- Family: Pseudomenoponidae Mjoberg, 1910
- Family: Ricinidae Neumann, 1890
- Family: Somaphantidae Eichler, 1941
- Family: Trimenoponidae
- Family: Trinotonidae Eichler, 1941
- Superfamily: Anoplura
- Family: Echinophthiriidae Enderlein, 1904 (seal lice)
- Family: Enderleinellidae Ewing, 1929
- Family: Haematopinidae Enderlein, 1904 (ungulate lice)
- Family: Hamophthiriidae Johnson, 1969
- Family: Hoplopleuridae Ewing, 1929 (armoured lice)
- Family: Hybothiridae Ewing, 1929
- Family: Linognathidae Webb, 1946 (pale lice)
- Family: Microthoraciidae Kim & Lugwig, 1978
- Family: Neolinognathidae Fahrenholz, 1936
- Family: Pecaroecidae Kéler, 1963
- Family: Pedicinidae Enderlein, 1904
- Family: Pediculidae Leach, 1817 (body lice, head lice)
- Family: Polyplacidae Fahrenholz, 1912 (spiny rat lice)
- Family: Pthiridae Ewing, 1929 (crab lice or pubic lice)
- Family: Ratemiidae Kim & Lugwig, 1978
- Superfamily: Ischnocera (paraphyletic)
- Family: Bovicolidae
- Family: Dasyonygidae
- Family: Goniodidae
- Family: Heptapsogasteridae
- Family: Lipeuridae
- Family: Philopteridae Nitzsch, 1818 (paraphyletic)
- Family: Trichodectidae
- Family: Trichophilopteridae
- Superfamily: Rhynchophthirina
- Family: Haematomyzidae Enderlein, 1904
- Superfamily: Amblycera
References
- ^ Johnson, Kevin P.; Smith, Vincent S. (2021). "Psocodea species file online, Version 5.0". Retrieved 2021-11-05.
- Bess, Emilie; Smith, Vince; Lienhard, Charles; Johnson, Kevin P. (2006). "Psocodea". Tree of Life. Retrieved 2019-06-14.
- "Troctomorpha Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2019-05-04.
- "Troctomorpha suborder Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2019-05-04.
- de Moya, Robert S; Yoshizawa, Kazunori; Walden, Kimberly K O; Sweet, Andrew D; Dietrich, Christopher H; Kevin P, Johnson (2021-06-16). Buckley, Thomas (ed.). "Phylogenomics of Parasitic and Nonparasitic Lice (Insecta: Psocodea): Combining Sequence Data and Exploring Compositional Bias Solutions in Next Generation Data Sets". Systematic Biology. 70 (4): 719–738. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syaa075. ISSN 1063-5157. PMID 32979270.
- Azar, Dany; Hajar, Lara; Indary, Chadi; Nel, André (January 2008). "Paramesopsocidae, a new Mesozoic psocid family (Insecta: Psocodea "Psocoptera": Psocomorpha)". Annales de la Société entomologique de France. New Series. 44 (4): 459–470. doi:10.1080/00379271.2008.10697581. ISSN 0037-9271. S2CID 85044414.
- Mockford, Edward L.; Lienhard, Charles; Yoshizawa, Kazunori (October 2013). "Revised classification of 'Psocoptera' from Cretaceous amber, a reassessment of published information". Insecta Matsumurana. New Series. 69: 1–26. ISSN 0020-1804.
Further reading
- Lyal, Ch H. C. (1985). "Phylogeny and classification of the Psocodea, with particular reference to the lice (Psocodea: Phthiraptera)". Systematic Entomology. 10 (2): 145–165. Bibcode:1985SysEn..10..145L. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1985.tb00525.x. ISSN 0307-6970. S2CID 86331606.
| Taxon identifiers | |
|---|---|
| Troctomorpha |
|
 | This Psocoptera-related article is a stub. You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it. |