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Nyâlayu language

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(Redirected from Yalayu language) Austronesian language spoken in New Caledonia
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Nyelâyu
Pronunciation[jãlɑjʊ]
Native toNew Caledonia
Native speakers2,000 (2009 census)
Language familyAustronesian
Dialects
  • Tiari-Balade
  • Belep
  • Arama
Language codes
ISO 639-3yly
Glottolognyal1254  Nyalayu/Belep
bala1316  Balade
ELPBelep
Nyâlayu is not endangered according to the classification system of the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Nyelâyu (Yâlayu), also known as Nyalâyu, is a Kanak language of northern New Caledonia, spoken by approximately 2,000 speakers. There are two dialects that are not mutually intelligible. Pooc (or Haat) is spoken in the Belep islands, which are located just north of Grande Terre. Puma (or Paak or Ovac) is spoken in the northernmost regions of New Caledonia in the areas around Poum in the west and Pouébo and Balade in the east.

Phonology

Consonants

Labiovelar Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Stops plain p t c k
aspirated pʰʷ
prenasalized ᵐbʷ ᵐb ⁿd ᶮɟ ᵑg
Nasals plain m n ɲ ŋ
aspirated mʰʷ ɲʰ
Fricatives β ɣ (x) h
Semivowels plain w j
aspirated
Trill r
Laterals l l᷉

Voiceless stops, nasals, and approximants exhibit a contrast of aspiration exhibited in the following examples.

  • pe "ray fish" || phe "sharpening stone"
  • teec "scorching" || theec "washed up"
  • nu "coconut palm" || nhu "hot"

Aspirated consonants are very subtly marked. Aspiration seems to be a prosodic trait that affects the overall realization of the syllable by lowering the register of the voice.

Vowels

Oral Vowels
Front Central Back
High i (y) u
Mid e (ø) o
Open a
Nasal Vowels
Front Central Back
High ĩ ĩː ũ ũː
Mid ẽː õ õː
Open ã ãː

The vowels /y/ and /ø/ are in parentheses, because they are very rare and appear only in a few words.

Notes

  1. Nyelâyu at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Ozanne-Rivierre (1998).

References

  • Ozanne-Rivierre, Françoise (1998). Le Nyelâyu de Balade (Nouvelle-Calédonie). Paris: Peeters Press.
  • McCracken, Chelsea (2013). A grammar of Belep (Doctor of Philosophy thesis). Rice University. hdl:1911/71287.
Languages of New Caledonia
Official language
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New
Caledonian
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Southern
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Polynesian
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Southern Oceanic languages
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Vanuatu
Torres–Banks
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Nuclear
Southern
Oceanic
Central Vanuatu
South Vanuatu
Erromango
Tanna
Loyalties–
New Caledonia
Loyalty Islands
New Caledonian
Southern
Northern
  • * indicates proposed status
  • ? indicates classification dispute
  • † indicates extinct status
Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages
SHWNG
Halmahera Sea
Ambel–Biga
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As
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Tabar
Madak
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 ?
Schouten
Huon Gulf
Ngero–Vitiaz
Papuan Tip
Nuclear
Kilivila–Misima
Nimoa–Sudest
Southern
Oceanic
North Vanuatu
Torres–Banks
Maewo–Ambae–
North Pentecost
South Pentecost
Espiritu Santo
Nuclear
Southern
Oceanic
Central Vanuatu
South Vanuatu
Erromango
Tanna
Loyalties–
New Caledonia
Loyalty Islands
New Caledonian
Southern
Northern
Micronesian
Nuclear
Micronesian
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Pohnpeic
Chuukic
Pohnpeic
Central Pacific
West
East
Polynesian
Nuclear
Polynesian
Samoic
Eastern
Futunic
Tongic
  • * indicates proposed status
  • ? indicates classification dispute
  • † indicates extinct status


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