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{{Short description|Isma'ilism}} |
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{{About|the defunct Ismaili sub-sect|the Ismaili Muslim faith overall|Ismailism}} |
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{{About|the defunct Ismaili sub-sect|the Ismaili Muslim faith overall|Isma'ilism}} |
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{{pp-move-vandalism|small=yes}} |
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{{Ismailism|Ismaili History}} |
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{{Ismailism|Ismaili History}} |
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'''Seveners''' ({{lang-ar|سبعية}}) was a branch of Ismā'īlī Shīʻa. They became known as "Seveners" because they believe that ] was the seventh and the last Imam (hereditary leader of the Muslim community in the direct line of Ali). They believed his son, ], would return and bring about an age of justice as ]. Their most famous and active branch were the ]. |
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'''al-Ismāʿīliyya al-khāliṣa / al-Ismāʿīliyya al-wāqifa'''<ref name="Daftary2007">{{cite book|author=Daftary, Farhad|author-link=Farhad Daftary|title=The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cSO9zh61AGEC&q=khalisa&pg=PA88|date=2007|editor=Cambridge University|editor-link=Cambridge University|publisher=]|place=]|isbn=978-0-521-42974-0|page=90}}</ref> or '''Seveners''' ({{langx|ar|سبعية}}) was a branch of ] Shīʻa. They broke off from the more numerous ] after the death of ] in 765 AD. They became known as "Seveners" because they believed that ] was the seventh and last Imam (hereditary leader of the Muslim community in the direct line of Ali).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Armstrong |first=Karen |title=A History of God |publisher=Vintage |year=1999 |location=United Kingdom |pages=205}}</ref> They believed his son, ], would return and bring about an age of justice as ]. Their most well-known and active branch were the ]. |
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== History, Shia schisms, and Seveners == |
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==Imamate of Seven Imams== |
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], not Fatimah.)]] |
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=== Seveners and the Fatimid dynasty === |
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] |
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== List of Imams == |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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| ] || Sevener-] ] || Period |
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| ]<ref name="Daftary2007"/>{{rp|90}} || '''Sevener ] al-khāliṣa ]''' || Period |
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| 1 || ] - First ] ] || (632–661) |
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| 1 || ] – First ] ] || (632–661) |
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| 2 || ] - Second ] ] || (661–669) |
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| 2 || ] – Second ] ] || (661–669) |
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| 3 || ] - Third ] ] || (669–680) |
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| 3 || ] – Third ] ] || (669–680) |
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| 4 || ] - Fourth ] ] || (680–713) |
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| 4 || ] – Fourth ] ] || (680–713) |
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| 5 || ] - Fifth ] ] || (713–733) |
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| 5 || ] – Fifth ] ] || (713–733) |
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| 6 || ] - Sixth ] ]|| (733–765) |
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| 6 || ] – Sixth ] ]|| (733–765) |
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| 7 || ] - Seventh ] ] || (765 - 775) |
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| 7 || ] – Seventh ] ] || (765–775) |
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| ] || ] - The promised ] || (775-813) |
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Sometimes "sevener" is used to refer to ]s overall, though several branches, such as the ] Ismailis, have far more than seven imams.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}} |
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Sometimes "Sevener" is used to refer to ]s overall, though mainstream ] and ] Isma'ilis have far more than seven imams. |
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== History == |
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{{see also|History of Shia Islam|Origin of Shia Islam}} |
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{{main article|Ismailism}} |
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==Ismaili imams who were not accepted as legitimate by Seveners== |
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Position of ] Imams in Shia History is as per chart below. |
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The following Ismaili imams after ] had been considered as heretics of dubious origins by certain ] groups<ref name="MAYMŪN"></ref> who refused to acknowledge the imamate of the ] and clung to their belief in the coming of the Mahdi.<ref></ref> |
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{| class="navbox" style="float:{{{1|right}}}; margin: 1ex 0 0.3em 0.7em; width: 10em; line-height:110%;" |
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!Position of ] Imams in Shia History |
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{{familytree/start|style=line-height:100%; }} |
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* ] (813–829) |
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{{chart| |||||HAS|HAS= ] and ]||| ||HUS|HUS= ] and ] |- |-|AMJ|AMJ= ] Imams|}} |
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* ] (829–840) |
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{{chart | | || || |!| }} |
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* ] (840–881) |
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{{chart | | | | ||AMJ| - | - | AMJ= ]|AMh|-|-|AMh1|AMh1= ] | AMh= ](brother of Hasan)}} |
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* ] (881–934) (Founder of ]) |
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{{chart | | || || || ,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|.}} |
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{{chart|| || | |HAS1|-|- |- | AMJ1| AMJ1= ]| |HUS1||||HAS1= ] | HUS1= ] Imams| boxstyle_HUS1= background-color:#FFFFCC; }} |
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{{chart | | | ||||| |,|-|-|^|-|-|. | | | }} |
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{{chart| ||||||HAS22| | | ||HUS22|HAS22= ] Imams| boxstyle_HAS22= background-color:#FFFFCC;| boxstyle_HUS22= background-color:#FFFFCC;| HUS22= ] Imams |boxstyle_HUS22= background:#7FFF7F;| ||}} |
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{{chart | | | || ,|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.| |||| || }} |
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{{chart|| ||HAS32|~|~ | ~|~ |~|.||HUS32|HAS32= ] Imams ||HUS32= ] Imams| | |||| boxstyle_HUS32= background-color:#FFFFCC;| }} |
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{{chart | | || ,|^|-|-|.||||:| | | || | }} |
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{{chart| |HAS3112|HAS3112= ] | |HAS4112||||HAS412|HAS412= ] Imams (non-Shia)| |HAS4112= ] Imams||||| | boxstyle_HAS4112= background-color:#FFFFCC;| }} |
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{{chart | | | ,|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|.|||||| | |||| | || }} |
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{{chart| HAS42121|HAS42121= ]|- |HAS4212|||HAS42112| | |HAS4212= ] |HAS42112= ] Imams | | || | |||||||||| | boxstyle_HAS42112= background-color:#FFFFCC;}} |
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{{chart | | | |||!|||| ||| || || | | | | }} |
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{{chart| |||HAS3332||| |||HAS3332= ] Hidden Imams (represented by Dais) | HUS2232= Other Bohras Imam/Dai||HAS4442= ] ||HAS3211= ] || HUS32= ]||HAS1242= ]||HAS2242= ] | boxstyle_HAS3332= background-color:#FFFFCC; | boxstyle_HAS4442= background-color:#FFFFCC; | boxstyle_HUS32= background-color:#FFFFCC; | boxstyle_HUS2232= background-color:#FFFFCC;| boxstyle_HAS1242= background-color:#FFFFCC;| boxstyle_HAS2242= background-color:#FFFFCC; }} |
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{{chart/end}} |
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==See also== |
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==Ismaili imams who were not accepted as legitimate by Seveners== |
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*] |
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The following Ismaili imams after ] had been considered as heretics of dubious origins by certain ] groups<ref name="MAYMŪN"></ref> who refused to acknowledge the imamate of the ] and clung to their belief in the coming of the Mahdi.<ref></ref> |
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*] |
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* ] (813-829) |
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* ] (829-840) |
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* ] (840-881) |
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* ] (881-934) (Founder of ]) |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Islamic Theology|state=expanded|schools}} |
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{{Islamic Theology|state=expanded|schools}} |
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{{Islam topics|state=collapsed}} |
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{{Islam topics|state=collapsed}} |
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] |
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==See also== |
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*] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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] |
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] |
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{{Islam-stub}} |
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Religion portal